NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG XAY DUNG VA SUT DUNG BAI TAP PHAN HOA NEU VAN DE CHUDNG POLIME VA VAT LIEU PDLIME HOA HOC LQlP 12 ThS Trang Quang Vinli Trudng Bgi hgc An Giang SUMMARY Teaching assignment to rai[.]
Trang 1XAY DUNG VA SUT DUNG BAI TAP PHAN HOA - NEU VAN DE CHUDNG POLIME VA VAT LIEU PDLIME HOA HOC LQlP 12
ThS Trang Quang Vinli
Trudng Bgi hgc An Giang SUMMARY
Teaching assignment - to raise issues is learning style combinedwith two elements: assignment and raise issues to achieve the goal of innovative teaching methods in the current period is both ensuring one's power, closing object in education and brining into play the positive academic, taking the form and developing detective capabilities, and solving problems in academic as well as in the lives of students
Keywords: teaching assignment - to raise issues, polymer, polymeric material
Ngify nhpn bdi: 10/6/2014; Ngdy duypt ddng: 25/6/2014
Nhdm phit triin ning lye tu duy sing t^o, tu
duy Idgic cho tin^ c i nhin hgc sinh vi gdp phin vio
vide ning eao chit luyng, hi^u qui d^y h^e Hoi hpc
is trudt^ THPT, bii bio niy gidi thidu mdt sd bii
tip phin hoi - ndu vin dd thudc chuong polime vi
v9t Ii§u polime (Hoi hpc Idp 12) Cic bii tip phin
hda - n€u vdn dk niy di duyc thye nghifm t^i trudng
THPT Nguyin Dinh Chiiu - Thj Xa Sa D6e - Ddng
Thip
1 Co sd 1^ lu^n x§y dyng b i i t^p phan hda
-n£u vdn d i
U.Cas&l^lupn
Bii t$p phin hoi trong d^y hpc neu vdn di li
nhftng bii t$p hoi hpc mi trong qui trinh giai, thudng
xudt hi§n trude hpe sinh (HS) cic ciu hdi cd die tinh
"nfiu vdn di" TCiy theo myc dieh djy hpe, tinh phure
t^p vi quy md cua ti!mg lo^i toin hoi hpe mi giio
vifin (GV) ed thi sir dyng cic hinh thi!rc phin hoi
khie nhau Cd thi sur dyng bii tip hoi hpc phin hoi
di d^y cho HS giii quyit mdt vdn di hpe t@p ed lien
quan din nhOng kiin thi>e quan trpng ho$c di vin
dyng tdng hyp nhiiu Iciin thOre cua ehuong trinh Hoi
hpc, ho$e di tip dupt cho HS giii quyet nhQng vdn
di thye tiin dupe ehpn Ipc gdn tuong ty vdi vin de
hpc t$p d nhi tnrdng nhung di biin ddi It hay nhiiu,
tinh phOc t9p dupc ning cao ddn
1.2 Nguyin tdc xdy dyng
Thdng thudng ttr mdt ndi dung eua bii tip,
chung ta cd thi thiit ki thinh ba vdn di theo ba mi^e
dd vdi myc dIeh hudng din vi^c tu duy tii li^u mdi
vi cy thi hoi mdc dd kiin thi^c cua ci Idp
- vdn di thir nhdt (muc dd 1): Cdn hudng HS
neu dupc tinh ehdt ridng bidt eiia eic chdt, cic hi?n
tupng, cich \^ giai nhOng nguydn nhin don giin
nhdt, trinh biy l^i kiin thd:c co bin dya vio tri nhd
- vdn di thii hai (mire dd 2): HS biit v§n dyng kiin thdre vio diiu kidn mdi, sir dyng kiin thde vio thyc ti Mudn hoin thinh vin di niy, HS cdn cd sy phin tich so sinh di ndu ra dupc cic diiu kidn co bin ddi vdi mpt sd Idp eic chdt, cic hi^n tupng
- vdn di thii ba {mdc dd 3); Li mile dd eao nhdt trong ba mire dd, mdc dd niy ydu edu khdng chi phin tieh, so sinh mi phii khii quit hoi cie sd lifu thu dupe, sir dyng chiing trong diiu kifn mdi phiic t^p hon
2 IMdt sd bii t$p phin bda - neu vdn di chuong Polime vi v$t li§u polime
2.1 Bdi tpp 1 (Bdi tpp ly thuyit)
* Ngi dung bdi tgp: Viit eic phuang trinh hda
hpc cua cic phin Omg t ^ ra eic polime t£r monome sau
a Buta-l,3-dien vi stiren
b Vinyl elorua vi vinyl axetat
c Axit metacrylic vi buta-l,3-dien
d Axit adipie vi hexametylendiamin
* Thiit ki theo kiiu phdn hod - niu vdn di
Miic dg I: Viit eic phuong trinh hda hpc eua
cic phin iing t^o ra eic polime sau tir monome
HjCOOC
_ C C
-I
H, Hj
l,
Muc do 2: Bai t o ^ g6c
Mic do 3: ViSt phirong trinh h6a hpc cua phan
img t?o th^nh polime sau ttr cic monome tuong ung
a Poli(etylen-terephtalat)
Trang 2I I I B B B B n S
b PoIi(hexametyIen-adipic)
e Poli(butadien-aciylonitrin)
d Poli(metyImetacrilat)
2.2 Bdi tpp 2 (Bdi t^ If thuyit- thyc nghidm)
* Ngi dung bdi tgp: Hoin thinh so dd phan iing,
xic djnh cic chdt A, B, C
AxetUen "?''°"'° > A - ^ ^ ! ^ B (CH,COO).Z„ ,
Xt,t°,| ^poIi(vinyI axetat)-> poli(vinyl ancol)
* Thiit ki theo kieu phdn hod - niu vdn di
Muc dg 1: Hoin thinh so dd phan umg sau:
Axetilen-»andehit->axit axetic->Vinyl axetat
->poli (vinyl axetat)->poIi (vinyl ancol)
Muc dg 2: Bii toin gde
Muc dg 3: TCr nguydn li§u l i axetilen v i cic chdt
vd CO, ngudi ta ed thi dieu che poIi(vinyI axetat) vi
poli(vinyl ancol) Hiy viit phuong trinh hda hpc ciia
eic phin img xiy ra trong qui trinh diiu chi dd
2.3 Bdi tpp 3 (Bdi tpp tdng hgrp)
* Ngi dung bai tgp: Ddt chiy hoin toin d,55
gam amino axit A thl thu dupe 13,2 gam CO^, 5,85
gam HjO vi 0,56 lit cua mpt khi tro (d O'C; 1 atm)
Xic di nh cdng thirc phan tur cda A biit ring phin
tir khdi cua A la 131
Viit cdng thiic edu t^o vi tdn cua A biit ring A
Ii mgt 8 - aminoaxit
Viit phuang trinh hda hpc eua phin iing diiu
ehi polime tir chdt A
• Thiit ki theo kiiu phdn hod - niu vdn di
Muc d0 1: Ddt chiy hoin toin 6,55 gam amino
axit A (chiia myt nhdm cacbo:Q'I) thi thu dupc 0,3 moi COj, 0,325 moi H^O v i 0,56 lit cda mpt khi tro (d dktc)
Viit edng thiic ciu t^o v i tdn cda A biit ring A
Ii mdt E - aminoaxit
Viit phuong trinh hda hpc cua phin iing diiu ehi polime tii chdt A
Muc dg 2: Bii toin gde
Muc dg 3: Dk ddt chiy hoin toin 6,55g chdt A
cdn dimg vira hit 9,24 lit oxi Sin phSm chiy gdm ed 5,85g H p v i 7,28 lit hdn hpp khi gdm CO^ vi N^ Cic thi tieh do d dktc
Xic djnh cdng thiic phin tii cua A biet ring phin tii khdi cua A li 131
Viit cdng thJic edu t^o vi tdn cila A biit ring A
li mdt c - aminoaxit
Viit phuong trinh hda hpc cua phin thig diiu chi polime tir chdt A
3 Tiin trinh thyc nghi$m %\x ph^m
Chdng tdi chpn Trudng THPT Nguyin Dinh Chiiu, Thi X i Sa Ddc, Tinh Ddng Thip di tiin hinh
d^y chuong Polime vi v^t lifu polime vio hpc V.^ I cua nim hpc 2012 - 2013 6 ldp ddi chiing (DC) li
12B3 (37 HS), GV sii dyng giio in binh thudng, ldp thye nghifm (TN) li I2B4 (37 HS) GV thiit ki giio
in cd sir dyng bii t|ip phin hda - neu vdn dk Hai ldp
niy deu hpc chuong trinh Hda hpc 12 vi khdng phii
Bdng 1 Bdngphdnphoi tdn so, tdn sudt vd tdn sudt luy tich (Ldp 12B3 vd 12B4)
Dilm
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Z
S6 HS djt dilm Xi
DC
0
0
1
1
4
8
7
6
6
3
1
37
TN
0
0
1
I
2
4
7
8
6
5
3
37
%HS djt dilm Xi
DC 0.00 0.00 2.70 2.70 10.81 21.62 18.92 16.22 16.22 8.11 2.70 100.00
TN 0.00 0.00 2.70 2.70 5.41 10.81 18.92 21.62 16.22 13.51 8.11 100.00
%HS dat dilm Xi trd xudng
DC 0.00 0.00 2.70 5.41 16.22 37.84 56.76 72.97 89.19 97.30 100.00
TN 0.00 0.00 2.70 5.41 10.81 21.62 40.54 62.16 78.38 91.89 100.00
Trang 3ii ldp chpn, cdng mdt GV day
Chdng tdi cho HS lim mdt bii kiim ha 45 phdt
(ty lu$n) d hai Idp (di kiin tra nhu nhau, cfmg dip in
vi cung GV chdm) di dinh gii hifu qui sii dyng bii
t^p phin hda - ndu vin di Kit qui thyc nghifm su
p h ^ dupe trinh biy trong cic b ^ g (1,2)
Bdng 2 Tdng hgp pftdn logi kit qud hgc t4p
cuaHS
D6i
tu(mg
TN
DC
S5%HS
YIU, k6m
(0-4)
10.81
16.22
Tnmg binh
(5-7) 51.35 56.76
Kh^ gioi (8-10) 37.84 27.03
1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 1011
Hinh 1 Dd thj dudng iQy lich
50.00
-40.00
20.00
10.00
0.00 -J-(0-*)
Yiu, k i m
J
•
-•—
-• ^ • -• r i"i
Trung binh |
stf KHS
" •~ t
|
-(6-10) Khd fll6l
• TN
• DC
Hinh 2 Biiu ddphdn logi ket qua hgc tgp cua HS
Phin tich kit qui thyc nghifm:
Kit qui TN cho thdy, chdt Iirpng hpc tip cua HS
cic Idp TN cao hon Idp DC (thi hifn d dd thj) Ty
If % HS d^t diim khi gidi d nhdm TN ludn eao hon
nhdm DC vi ti If % HS cd diim yiu kdm d nhdm
E)C cao hon nhdm TN Dd thi dudng luj tich cua HS nhdm TN ludn nim bdn phii vi phia dudi dudng luj tich cua nhdm DC, diiu dd chiing td ehdt lupng hpe
t^p ciia HS nhdm TN cao hon HS nhdm DC
Nhu viy bii t^p phan hda - neu vdn de dim bio tinh ehlnh xic, tinh khoa hpc, phCi hpp vdi ddi tupng
HS, ning cao dupe khi ning tiip thu vi vin dyng kiin thiic, khi nang lim vifc ddc I^p, tieh eye vi phit triin tu duy sing tgo eua HS Kit qui thye nghifm eho thdy d Idp TN ed xu hudng tdt hon ldp DC, diiu
dd eho phep budc ddu khing djnh tinh hifu qui ciia vifc sir dyng bii t ^ phin hda - neu vdn de trong d9.y hpe Nhu v?.y, eic kit qui thu dupc ein ban di xic nh|n gii thuyit eiia di tii
4 Kit luin Vifc xiy dyng cie bii t§p phin hda - nfu vin
di chuang Polime vi vit Hfu polime Hoi hpc Idp
12, tinh phiic tgp lien tye ciia vdn di trong eic bii tip da tgo diiu kifn cho HS tiip xiic nhiiu vdi eic
bii tip ca bin, hinh thinh ky ning dn tgp tii lifu
qua cic vdn di thii nhdt vi phit triin hogt ddng tu duy tich eye khi tri Idi eic vdn di phiie tgp hon NhQng bii tip nhu thi di ning eao hifu qui dgy hpc Hda hpe theo hudng vCra phCi hpp vdi ddi tupng nhgn thiie, vira phit huy ning lyc giii quyit vdn di trong hpe t§p cda HS Kit qui thye nghifm su phgm niy bude ddu da phit huy dupe tinh tich eye, ning lyc sing tgo vi sy hihig thii eho HS trong hpc t§p mdn Hda hpe
Tii lifu tham khio
1 Le van Nam (2004) Sir dyng dgy hgc phdn
hod trong dgy hgc niu vdn di bg mon Hod hgc Tgp
ehi Giio dye, sd 101
2 Lf van Nam (2005) Xdy dung cdc bdi tgp
hod hgc theg hudng phdn hod - neu vdn di Tgp chi
Giio dye, sd 123
3 Ld van Nim, Trang Quang Vinh (2012) Xdy
dyng hi thong bdi tgp phdn hod - niu vdn di phdn hidrocacbon vd ddn xudt halogen Tgp chi Hoi hpc
vi LTng dyng, sd 4, tr.44-47
4 Nguyen Thj Sim, Lf Vin Nim (2009)
Phuang phdp dgy hgc Hda hgc 2 NXB Khoa hpc vi
Krthu$t,HiNpi