NGHIEN Ctru & UNG DUNG VAN DUNG PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC DUA TREN VAN DE PBL vAo DAY HOC MQT SO KIEN T H C C PHAN LUONG TCT ANH SANG PGS TS Trdn Huy Homing, Ofi Th! Thanh Phirsng Trudng DHSP BH Hui SUMMARY[.]
Trang 1VAN DUNG PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC DUA TREN
VAN DE - PBL v A o DAY HOC MQT SO KIEN T H C C
PHAN LUONG TCT ANH SANG
PGS.TS Trdn Huy Homing, Ofi Th! Thanh Phirsng
Trudng DHSP- BH Hui SUMMARY
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a modern teaching methods in accordance with the requirements of the current education PBL is a learner-centered teaching method, encourage self-learning, promote positive, proactive, creative for learners, particular, PBL focuses on promoting the necessary skills for modern life, such as teamwork, present to the crowd In this paper, we will apply PBL in the chapter "quantum optics " of 12th Physics textbook
Tir khda: Problem-based learning; "Quantum optics "; Teaching methods
Ngdy nitpn bdi 20/4/2014, ngdy duypt ddng: 25/4/2014
1 Phinmg ph^p day hgc d y a tren van de
- P B L
I.I Khdi nipm
Tir kit qua nghign ciiu cua Barrows,
Kelson, Bond va Henk Schmidt, PBL la phuong
phap day hgc lay van de lam diem khdi dau, va
van dg do se digu khien qua trinh hgc tap ciia
ngudi hgc Van de dugc chgn la van dg thyc tdn
tai trong cugc sdng, ddng thdi cd lien quan den
chuong trinh hgc Van de phai kfch thich dugc
himg thu cua ngudi hgc Van de se dugc giao
trudc khi ngudi hgc dugc tiep can cac kign thirc
mdi, qua thao luan lam viec nhdm de giai quyet
van de, ngudi hgc se chii ddng ITnh hgi eac kien
thiic cdn thiet, ddng thdi ren luyfn dugc kT nang
phan tfch van de, tim kiem va sii dung cac ngudn
tu lifu, dua ra cac giai phap giai quylt van dg
cung nhu kT nang lam vifc nhdm
2.1 Md hinh dgy hpc dua trin vdn dePBL
Co rdt nhilu md hinh PBL dugc cac nha
giao due tren the gidi dua ra nhu: James Busfield
va Ton Peijs; Barrows, Greewald, Barett; Dr
George Watson, nhung nhin chung thi cd cac
bude sau:
• Bude 1: Ddi mat va xac dinh van de
• Bude 2: Thao luan phan tfch van de
• Bude 3: Lap ke hoaeh giai quyet van dl
• Bude 4: Xac dinh va hoan thanh bai tgp
ca nhan
• Bude 5: Bao eao bai tap ca nhan
• Bude 6: Tgp hgp thdng tin, giai quyet van
dl
• Bude 7: Tong ket, danh gia qua trinh giai quyet van de
Can cii vao eau tnic PBL va ndi dung dgy hgc, chiing tdi de xudt mgt so do thye hifn day hgc theo PBL nhu sa d6 (trang 39)
2 iTng dung PBL vao day h^c mgt so kien thirc phan luyng ti^ anh sang
Bk cd the tien hanh day hgc theo PBL, tnrdc
tign ta phai thiet ke dugc van d l cho khda hgc, van de dua ra phai lien quan din thyc t l va tat nhien phai lien quan den ndi dung kien thiic dgy hgc Van d l cd the la mgt sy kifn, hifn tugng xay ra quanh chung ta hogc la cac sy kifn dugc
xa hgi, thl gidi quan tam Qua tim hieu, chiing tdi thdy cd the lay vdn de "Lam the nao dl may tfnh cam tay hogt dgng dugc?"
Ke hogch hudng ddn hpc sinh (HS) gidi quyet vdn di Tien trinh hudng dSn HS giii quylt van dk sS thyc hifn theo tiln trinh 6 bude
nhu md hinh da trinh bay d trgn
Trang 2XAC BINH NOI DUNG
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• Birdc 1: Nhdn biet vdphdn tich vdn de
HS tdm tdt lai vdn de: Cdn phai tim ra
nguyen tac hogt ddng va giai phap tao ngudn cho
mdy tinh cam tay Nhung tir khoa cdn phai dugc
lam r6: nguygn tdc hogt dgng may tinh edm tay,
va qua trinh tgo nguon
Sau khi HS thao lufin v l nhOng cdch thirc
tao nguon cho may tinh cam tay, GV tong hgp
dira ra bg cau hdi djnh hudng (CHDH) sau:
Dinh hudng 1: tir nhirng trdi cdy co trong
thien nhien, ta co the tgo ra ngudn cho mdy tinh
edm tay khdng? Cd nhirng logi trdi cdy ndo tgo
dugc pin?
Dinh hudng 2: Hp thdng kien thue da dugc
hpc tir trudc tgo ngudn pin tie cdc dung djch hoa
chdt dtrgc khdng? Dung dich hoa chdt do phdi
ddp ung yeu cdu gi?
cho may tfnh tir qua chanh, pin Vdn - ta, pin La - clan - sg (Leclanehe), pin quang trd va tat ca nhiing thdng tin cd thl tim kilm dugc v l tgo pin cho may tinh cam tay GV hudng dan kien thue lign quan den CHDH, cd the cung cap cac dia chi web, tgn sach v l tao pin giiip HS d l dang tim kiem GV chi ngn cung cap khi HS ygu cdu Vifc chii dgng tim kiem GV sg giiip HS thu thap dugc thdng tin nhieu hon, chi tiet hem la khi dugc GV cung cdp dia chi
• Bude 3: Trinh bdy vd phdn tich thong tin
Vdi cac thdng tin thu thgp duge, cae ca
nhan sg idn lugt trinh bky trudc nhdm, ca nhdm
ciing nhau thao lugn phan tfch thdng tin cua tiing
ca nhan 0 bude nay GV ed the dua ra nhOng
CHDH giiip HS d l dang lya chgn thdng tin dung v;i can thiet de giai quyet van de (GQVD)
• Bude 4: Xdc dinh vd th{K hipn muc tieu, nhipm vu cu thi
Sau khi hoan thanh bude 3, nhom phai tim hieu, phan tfch kT nhung thdng tin da thu thgp dugc, nhihig nguyen ly, cac bude ehl tao pin Cac ca nhan dugc phan cdng vifc, nhifm vy theo ban kg hoaeh va phai hoan thanh cdng vifc ciia minh diing thdi han
• Bude 5: Tdng hpp - So sdnh
Cac ca nhan hoan thanh nhifm vy cua minh,
ca nhom dua ra san pham vl UDKT Cac san
Dinh hudng 3: Tie nhirng kiin thue da dupe
hpc vd hda chdt sdn cd trong phong thi nghiem pham se dugc so sanh vd tong hgp de tim ra hoa, ldm thi ndo tgo rapin nhd gpn, an todn? dugc san phdm thda man yeu cdu vdn de dat
HS sg tiep tuc thao luan v l cac dinh hudng, ra Neu nhihig kiln thue ca nhdm thu dugc giai xdc djnh nhihig thdng tin can phai biet v l van dl thich thoa dang cac CHDH thi cac kien thiic sg
va ve cac CHDH dugc tdng ket lgi dl cac thanh vien trao doi tilp
• Bude 2: Tim kiim thdng tin thu kiln thirc Vifc quan trgng nhdt la vdi cdc
Ca nhdm sg tien hanh tim kiem thdng tin kiln thdc da tilp thu dugc, ca nhom phai vgn
dl lam rd nhOng khai niem xudt hifn trong vdn dung dl GQVD cua khoa hgc N I U HS g$p khd
dl, cung nhu trong bg CHDH nhu: nguygn tdc khan thi GV se tilp tyc cung cap CHDH de ea hogt dgng may tinh cam tay, qud trinh tao nguon nhom ciing thao Iu§n, nghien ciiu
Trang 3Ill NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG
Dinh hudng 4: Di hodn thdnh pin cho mdy
tinh cam tay, thi cdn bao nhiiu vdn? Ldm sao
thiet ki pin that nhd, gpn, de thiet ki vd tgn
dung dugc ndng lugng ttr nhien Id tdi uu nhdt?
Ket qua lam vifc va cac cau tra Idi cho
CHDH se dugc ghi vao bien ban nhdm de nhdm
soan thao bai bao cao trudc ldp Bai bao cao
phai dgt duge nhimg yeu cau eo ban nhu: nhdm
da lam rd dugc nhiing khai nifm, nguyen ly,
djnh luat gi d l GQVD? Bai bao cao phai tra ldi
rd rang cac cau hdi dinh hudng Quan trgng nhdt
la giai phap cho van de la gi? Nhihig kien thiic
v l mdn v a t ly da tiep thu duoc khi GQVD la gi?
Ngu sau khi tdng ket cac ket qua nghign cim cda
ea nhdm nhung khdng the tra Idi, cung nhu giai
thieh rd rang cac CHDH thi ca nhdm phai quay
lai bude 2 de thu thap lai thdng tin Neu HS ggp
khd khan, GV cd the dua ra ggi y, hogc nhiing
dia ehi ey the dl HS de dang thu thgp tai lifu
Bu&c ndy se cd 2 tiet ldm viec tren ldp de
bdo cdo kit qud gidi quyit vdn de xen ke vdi
khodng thdi gian ldm vipc tgi nhd di chudn bi
bdi bdo cdo cuoi ciing cho vdn di
Giai dogn nhan xet danh gia sg thyc hien
sau khi cac nhdm da hoan thanh tat ca cdng viee
ciia khda hgc, GV danh gia HS theo bang tieu
chi danh gia da chuan bj khi xay dyng khda hgc
dong thdi GV phat phieu danh gia cho HS danh
gia lln nhau Ket thue vifc danh gia, GV se cd
1 tigt de tdng kit tat ca nhimg kien thirc ciia
chuang trudc khi cho HS kilm tra 1 tiet vao tiet
cuoi ciia ehuong
Qua viee tiln hanh thyc nghiem su phgm
tai mgt s5 trudng THPT d Ddng Nai, chiing tdi
nhan thdy vifc td chiic day hgc PBL mang lai
mgt so ket qua sau:
- HS cd kha nang thich umg vdi vifc td chirc
dgy hgc theo PBL Dgy hgc theo PBL tgo dieu
kien dl HS bgc lg quan nifm cua minh Trgn co
sd dd giup HS khae phyc quan nifm sai Ifch va
xay dyng quan nifm khoa hgc cho ban than
- HS da tham gia tfch cue vao bai hgc HS
khdng chi trao ddi vdi GV ma cdn trao ddi vdi
nhau lam cho tfnh thy ddng mat dan, HS ciing
ty tin han lam ldp hgc trd nen sinh dfng Qua
do, tinh thdn doan kit cua HS dugc nSng cao
HS eiing biet hgp tac vdi nhau dat hieu qua cao trong cdng vife GV da giao
3 K^t lugn Vife ling dyng phuong phap day hgc dya tren van dg se gap nhieu khd khan do nhieu nhihig nguygn nhan khae nhau, tim dugc phuong phap day hgc dap iing duge eac yeu eau dat ra ciia nln giao dye hifn dgi da khd, iing dung thanh cong phuong phap lai edn khd hon Dieu nay phv thudc rat nhieu vao sy day cdng nghien cim ciia giao vign Giao vign cdn phai kign tri, bin bi va khdng ngimg co gdng Neu iing dung thanh cong phucmg phap nay thi se mang lgi hifu qua cao trong vife ren luyfn cac kT nang sdng cho hgc sinh, va dgc bift la kha nang ty hgc cua cac em
Xai lifu t h a m khao
\ Boud D (Ed) (1985), Problem-based learning in education for the professions,
Herdsa, Sydney
2 Boud, D., Feletti, G (1998), The challenge
of problem-based learning, Routledge
3 Brown, A L (1987) Metaeognition, executive control, self-regulation, and other more mysterious mechanisms In R Weinert &
R Kluwe (Eds.), Metaeognition, motivation, and understanding (pp 65-116) Hillsdale, NJ;
Erlbaum
4 Brown, A L., Branford, J., Ferrara, R.,
& Campione, J (1983) Learning, remembering, and understanding In P H Mussen (Ed.),
Handbook of child psychology: Vol Ill, pp
77-166 New York: Wiley
5 Diekhoff, G M (1983) Relationship judgments in the evaluation of structural understanding Journal of Educational
Psychology, pp 227-233