C O N G N G H E DAY HOC SO DUNG PHUONG PHAP PEER INSTRUCTION TRONG DAY HOC VilT Ll PHd THONG NHAM PHAT HUY TINH TICH CUC C O A HOC SINH Dang Tien Son Trudng THPTBa Vi, Hd N^i SUMMARY Peer instruction[.]
Trang 1SO DUNG PHUONG PHAP PEER INSTRUCTION TRONG DAY HOC VilT Ll PHd THONG NHAM PHAT HUY TINH TICH CUC COA HOC SINH
Dang Tien Son
Trudng THPTBa Vi, Hd N^i SUMMARY
Peer instruction is one of the new teaching methods that not only helps students to understand the knowledges profoundly and raise students' sense of initiative but also creats students enthusiasm to the subjects It helps teachers to get students 'feedback right in the class so they can evaluate the effect of their teaching job and the students' abilities to acquire knowledges Thus both teachers and students can make necessary adjustments in teaching and learning process
Tie khda: Peer Intruction, ddng diin xogy chieu
Ngdy nliSn bdi: 10/5/2014, ngdy duypddng: 25/5/2014
1 Khdi qudt vl phuong phdp Peer Instruction
Peer Instruction (PI) tgm dich la sy gidng day td
bgn hpc hay hudng ddn ddng ding Ddy Id phuang
phdp dgy hoc huy dpng sy tham gia cua hgc sinh
(HS) vdo tiet hgc Thdng qua cdc hogt ddng, HS dp
dung kign thue vua hpe vdo giai quyet bdi tap, sau dd
gidng giai kign thirc dd eho bgn cua minh Qud trinh
dat cdu hdi cua PI khdng chi huy dgng HS gidi tham
gia ma huy dpng mpi ddi tugng HS trong Idp
Mye tieu eo bdn eiia PI Id khai thdc sy tuong tdc
giOa cdc HS trong bdi gidng Thay vi gido vien (GV)
gidng chi tilt bdi hpe mdi, thi bdi gidng trong PI ehi
gdm mpt sd bdi giang ngin ve nhthig kien thdc trpng
tdm eiia bdi hpc, theo sau Id bai kigm tra gdm cde
cdu hdi ngin ve cdc khdi nigm dang dugc thdo lugn
Sau mpt thdi gian suy nghT, HS tim eho minh cdu trd
Idi dl thdo ludn vdi HS khde Viec thdo lugn ndy bit
bude HS'phdi suy nghT thiu ddo de bdo ve cdu trd ldi
eua minh khi thdo ludn Qua dd tgo dilu ki?n dk HS
vd GV ddnh gid mde dd hilu khai niem ciia HS
Trong PI, GV nhudng vi tri dl HS day eho ban
eua minh qua dd cung hgc lgi tir bgn Day Id digm edt
ldi cua PI, ehinh vi vdy PI dd phdt huy tinh tich eye
eua HS trong gid hpc ddng thdi ren luyen kT ndng tu
duy dl tim vd bao v# cdu trd ldi eua minh bang nhttng
lap lugn Idgic, nhung ludn sdn sang chap nhgn nhttng
lap ludn hgp li ciia bgn dl thay ddi y kiln cua minh
a Uu diim cua PL Tang cudng sy tham gia
tich eye cua HS HS dugc bdy td y kiln, quan diem
Tdng cudng sy tuong tde giuB cdc HS, thue day tu
duy, khdm phd, chia se, phan hdi vd hd trg Idn nhau
HS dugc hgc sau vd hieu sau ban chit v^t ly eua kiln
thue, dugc ty tim hidu kign thirc HS nhdn dugc s\f
gidng giai tir GV, bilt h? thdng hda kiln thdc vd v|n dyng ngay sau khi tiep nhgn kiln thde nen sS hieu sau
vd nhd kiln thdc Idu./
Giup HS ndng cao kT ndng nghe, tu duy ed sy phdn tfch tdng hgp vd ddnh gid Khi thao iu§n, HS nghe cde y kiln phan tich vd ddnh gid kiln thdc nSo chinh xdc, y kiln ndo chua ddng, tdng hgp cde y kiln, cudi eiing quylt dinh sy lya chgn cua minh TTido lugn thudng xuyen gidp HS nang cao kT nSng giao tilp phdt triln ngdn ngtt dJlc bigt Id khd ndng dien dat bing ldi mpt van de ndo dd Viec biet dupe kit qua trd ldi cde edu hdi cda HS gidp GV ddnh gid miirc d$ hieu khdi niem cua HS trong tiet hpe, ti^ dd cd thS digu chinh ngay vigc day hgc cda minh
b Hgn chi cua PI: Han chi vl thdi gian Hi§u
qua khdng eao ndu vide td chdc chi Id hinh thdc Tl chuc dgy hpc theo PI ngu GV thilu kT ndng qudn li Idp hpc, HS chua ty gide tfch eye, chua cd kT nang hgp tdc, cdc edu hdi chua phu hgp thi PI khdng cd tie dung nhu mong dgi
2 To chirc d^y hgc V^t If theo phutnig phdp PI Day hpc Vdt li theo PI giup HS cd kiln thdc vihig chin vl edc khdi ni^m, diln biln eua cdc hi^n tupng, djnh ludt vgt li, PI khdng chi gidp HS ghi nhd tdt ede edng thdc vat If de phyc vy vigc gidi cdc bii tap md cdn tgo cho HS khd ndng lgp lugn v|t If vOng chdc vd gidi thfch chfnh xdc cdc hi§n tugng v|t If Vdi PI, HS dugc giao mOt bdi dpe trudc khi din Idp, dd chfnh Id Iiie HS dgc SGK vd tilp xue lin dlu vdi kiln thirc mdi Sau dd, bdi giang tren Idp sg khdc sdu them nhttng kiln thdc HS d3 hgc tiJr SGK, ^di
Trang 2QBBEIII
quyet nhChig hilu sai md HS cd the mde phai khi dgc
sdch, phdn tich cdc vi dy vd xdy dung sy ty tin cho
HS vdo kien thdc mdi Cudi cdng, HS dung SGK
nhu edng ey de tham khdo vd cdng cd kien thdc vira
hgc dugc
Theo Gido su Mazur mdt bdi hpc vdt li su dung
phuong phdp PI, dupe td chdc theo quy trinh gdm
cde bude sau:
1 GV gidng bai trong khodng thdi gian tir 7
din 10 phut vl ede khdi ni§m vd cdc lap ludn chinh
din tdi ede kit qud quan trpng md hgn ehl dung cae
phuang trinh hay biln ddi todn hpc Dilu ndy Idm HS
tdp trung vdo cde khdi ni^m md khdng bi phdn tdn bdi
cdc biln ddi toan hpc
2 GV dua ra cau hdi, thudng Id trie nghiem vl
kiln thde vira dugc hpc vd giai thfch npi dung dl ddm
bdo khdng cd HS ndo hilu sai y edu hdi
3 GV cho HS I phut dl suy nghT vd chpn eau
trd ldi
4 HS dua ra eau trd ldi (bing the hoac thiet bi
trd ldi trie nghigm Active Vote) GV thu thdp eau trd
Idi eua HS
5 GV thing kg cdu trd ldi cua HS (khdng cho
cd Idp bilt) Nlu trgn 70% HS trd Idi dung thi GV
gidi thfch ngdn ngpn ddp dn vd ehuyin sang ehu de
tilp theo Nlu cd tir 30% din 70% HS trd Idi diing
thi GV cho HS thgm 2 phut dl thao ludn vdi HS vl
cdu trd Idi cda hp Liic ndy GV ed thl tham gia vdo
cudc thdo ludn ciia vdi nhdm HS Nlu dudi 30% HS
trd Idi dimg thi GV gidng Igi kiln thdc vd cho HS trd
Idi ehinh cdu hdi dd
6 Sau khi thao lu|n, GV cho HS quyln thay ddi
eSu trd Idi md HS dua ra trudc dd vd GV cdng bd kgt
qud trd Idi eiia HS trudc vd sau thdo ludn cho ca Idp
7 GV chdt lgi chu dl bing vigc gidi thich ddp an
eiia cdu hdi trong khodng I din 2 phut
8 GV chuyin sang ehu de tilp theo vd l^p Igi
qud trinh ndy GV cd thl dgy 3 din 4 kiln thdc trong
mdt budi hpc ddi 1 gid ddng hd
Tuy nhign, <ik dgy hge theo PI d Vi§t nam dgt
hi$u qud thl:
Cdn lya chpn nhOng ndi dung kiln thue phu
hgp Trong dgy hgc V§t li su dyng phuong phdp PI
dgt hi?u qud eao cho nhttng bdi hgc xay dyng cdc
kiln thirc nhu: djnh lu|t, khdi ni^m vl dgi lugng vat
li mdi
Nhttng edu hdi thao lu§n phdi hgp It vd du khd
dl HS suy nghT nghifim tde mdi tim duge cdu tra Idi
GV cin hieu rO ban chat cda phucmg phdp vd thyc hien dung trdnh rgp khudn theo hinh thde bgn ngodi cua phuang phdp Cin tgo cho HS thdi quen hpc tap hgp tde, hinh thdnh cac kT nang Idm viee theo ni'dm, thdo ludn Phdi ed du thdi gian dl HS thao ludn Thilt bi dgy hge phai dam bdo theo yeu eiu eua phuong phdp
3 Sir dyng phinmg phdp PI td chirc day hoc
"Nguyen tdc tao ra ddng dign xoay chieu" Vgt li
12
* Bude l.GVtd chdc dn tap cdc khai nigm Ddng dign xoay chilu, Ttt thdng, Hien tugng cam dng dign ttt Suit di?n dgng cam img la nhthig kiln thdc lien quan din nguygn tie tgo ra ddng dien xoay chilu Sau dd, hudng din HS lgp luan tim dupe "Nguyen tac tao ra ddng di^n xoay chieu" Cdch thdc td chdc dgy hgc:
- GV trinh chilu lin lugt cdc cdu hdi: Cdu 1 Ddng di?n xoay chieu Id ddng difn
A Cd cudng dd biln thien tudn hodn theo thdi gian
B Cd cudng dg bien ddi diiu hda theo thdi gian
C Cd chilu biln ddi theo thdi gian
D Cd chu ky thay ddi tudn hoan theo thdi gian Clu 2 Cd thl tgo ra ddng di?n xoay chilu bang cdch ndo?
A Bang pin Volta
B Bang Acquy
C Dya vdo hi$n tupng edm dng di?n ttt
D Ldm tit thdng qua mach kin bien thien dieu hda iheo thdi gian
Cdu 3 Mdt khung day det khep kin quay quanh mpt trye ed dinh nam trong mat phang khung day
vdi tdc dd gdc (0, d$t trong mdt tu trudng dlu B
cd phuang vudng gde vdi tryc quay Ttt thdng qua khung day ed bieu thdc
A O = BScoso)
B (^ = BS COS cot
C <l> = BS COS(CDt + <p)
D <^ = BS cos{co + (p)
Cdu 4 Ttt thdng qua khung day dan kfn bien thign digu hda khi
A Tang ho?ie gidm di?n tieh khung day
B Tu trudng qua mat phang khung day biln thien dieu hda
C Dgt khung day din trong ttt trudng deu cd dudng sue ttt vudng gdc vdi tryc quay rdi quay dlu
Trang 3khung ddy
D Trudng hgp B hogc C xdy ra
cau 5 Khi ttt thdng qua khung ddy ddn cd N
vdng ddy biln thign dilu hda thi trong khung xudt
hi?n suit dien ddng edm img tire thdi
Acp
' At
A E =
B E = N ^
At
C e = - N ^
dt
A(p
At
D e = - N
- HS lln lupt tra ldi ttmg cdu hdi bang cdch chgn
ddp an thdng qua the trd ldi
- GV phdn tfch cde phuong dn nhilu, phuang
dn dung nhim khic sdu kiln thdc vd nhdn xdt vigc
chudn bj bdi eua HS qua ti Ip trd ldi dung ttmg eau
hdi
- GV hudng din HS suy li4n todn dl tim duge
bilu thttc suit dien ddng edm dng xuat hi^n trong
khung day ddn quay dlu trong ttt trudng dlu ed edc
dudng sdc ttt vudng gdc vdi true quay vd bilu thde
cudng dd ddng dien;
HCd O ^ ^ S ' c o s C o J f + ^ ) vd e = - N
dt ngn e = A'SiSosin(6;^ + ^ )
+ Coi dign trd thudn cda khung day khdng dang
kithi u=e = A'B5'twsin((»? + ^ )
+ Ndi hai ddu khung vdi mgch ngodi, ed ddng
dien / = /Q cos((af + ^ , )
- GV hudng din HS rut ra kit l u ^ vl nguyen
tie tgo ra ddng dien xoay chieu vdi 2 edu hdi ggi y
+ Ddng dien / = /(, COS((M( + ^ , ) cd ddc diem
8'? '
-+ Nguyen tic tgo ra ddng difn xoay chigu the
ndo?
Bude 2 GV trinh chilu cau hdi nhim xdc nhgn
viec HS da hilu dung vg nguyen tic san xuit ddng
dien xoay chieu chua
Cdu 6 Cdch nao sau ddy tgo ra ddng di§n xoay
chieu trong khung day dan?
A Cho khung day ehuyin dgng tinh tiln trong
td trudng dlu
B Khung ddy quay dlu trong ttt trudng dlu quanh mgt tryc cd dinh ndm song song vdi edc dudng sure ttt
C Cho khung ddy ddng yen trong mdt ttt trudng dlu
D Khung ddy quay deu trong tit trudng diu quanh mgt tryc cd dinh ndm vudng gdc vdi cdc dudng sire tir
Bude 3 G V cho HS 1 phdt dl suy nghT vd chpn cdu trd ldi cua minh
Budrc 4 HS dua ra cau trd ldi ciia minh (bdng the tra ldi hoje thilt bj trd ldi trie nghi|m Active Vote) GV thu thdp cdu trd ldi cda HS
Bu-dc 5 GV xem kit qud thdng kg cdu trd Idi cua HS md khdng cho ed Idp bilt NIU trgn 70% HS trd ldi diing thl GV giai thieh ngin nggn ddp dn v^ ehuyin sang chu dl tiep theo Nlu cd ttt 30% din 70% HS tra ldi ddng thi GV cho HS thgm 2 phdt dl thao ludn vdi HS xung quanh vl cdu trd Idi eua hp Trong Idc dd GV ed thl tham gia vdo vdi cudc thdo
luan eiia vdi nhdm HS Nlu cd dudi 30% HS tra \is\
dung thl GV gidng lai kiln thttc dd vd cho HS tra Idi chinh cdu hdi dd
Bude 6 Sau khi thao lugn, GV cho HS thay dli cdu tra ldi md HS dua ra trude dd vd GV edng bd ket qua trd ldi eua HS trude vd sau thdo lu§n cho ca Idp xem
Bude 7 GV ngu kit ludn vl nguygn tie tgo ra ddng dien xoay chieu
4 Ket lugn Trong qua trinh nghign cttu, chdng tdi da sir dung phuong phdp PI thilt kl phucmg dn dgy hpc chuong "Ddng di?n xoay chilu" Vdt If 12 vd td chirc dgy hgc thyc nghidm Qua vipc phdn tieh kit quS thue nghiem, ehung tdi thdy cd the sir dyng phuang phdp PI trong dgy hpc V^t li phd thdng vd nd da dem lgi nhttng uu dilm nhu da ndu trdn
Tdi Ii|u tham khdo
1 Nguygn Ddng Hdi Gidi thi^u vi Peer
Instruction - phdt huy tinh tich eye ciia hgc sinh trong dgy hgc Thu vipn vdt II com
2 Catherine H Crouch, Eric Mazur, Peer
Intrustion: Ten years of experience and results,
American Journal of Physics 69, September 2001
3 Eric Mazur Peer Intruction - A User^
Manual NXB Prentice Hall