NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG NGHIEN COU MOT SO CHI TIEU VE HJNH THAI VA SINH LY CUA HOC SINH KHOI TRUNG HOC PHO THONG TS HoJingTh|Nglil$p Khoa Sinh hgc, Tru&ng Dgi hgc Ddng Thdp SUMARY This study was done fr[.]
Trang 1NGHIEN COU MOT SO CHI TIEU VE HJNH THAI VA SINH LY CUA HOC SINH KHOI TRUNG HOC PHO THONG
TS.HoJingTh|Nglil$p
Khoa Sinh hgc, Tru&ng Dgi hgc Ddng Thdp
SUMARY
This study was done from 2011 to 2012 on the school students (358 students) in Cao Lanh District, Dong Thap Province The research results showed that the height of the students fi-om the highschoolintheCaoLanhdistrict, Dong Thap province increase in age 16 to 17, at the age of 17
to 18 slow down and even not increased In the same age, the height of men is generally higher than women's For men aged 16 to 18 increased body mass For women, the increase in volume, aged 16 and 17 and reduce aged 17 to IS Systolic and diastolic blood pressure changed with age, also vary
by gender In the same age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure for men are higher than women
Nh4nbMn^y 11/11/2013, ngiy duyitd^g 25/12/2013
1 Phan m d dau
Lua tuoi hgc sinh trung hpc phi thdng (THPT)
sg la mpt nguon nhan lyc doi dao cho sy phdt triln
ciia ddt nude \^?c chdm lo sdc khoe eho cdc em
hit sdc quan trgng, bdi Ida tuoi hpc sinh THPT Id
thdi k^ dgt duge sy trudng thdnh v l mgt ca thi,
qud trinh phdt triln v l the chat da hoan thdnh ve
can ban, cac co quan, cdc bg phgn eua co the cung
nhu cdc chiic ndng ciia nd ddn dan trd nen cdn doi,
hodn thi?n Td diyc t l tren, vi?c tim ra nh&ng dge
diem mang tinh quy lugt ve sy phat trien tam vde,
thi lyc va sinh If dua ra nh&ng phuong phap khoa
hgc vl cdch sing, hgc tgp, ren luy^n nhdm giup
CO thi cdc em phdt triln toan di?n hon D I hilu rS
v l sy phdt triln v l thi chat va sinh ly cua hgc sinh
THPT, chiing tdi tiln hanh nghien cdu mgt so chi
tieu ve hinh thdi va sinh ly ciia hge sinh khii THPT
d huy?n Cao Ldnh, tinh Ddng T h ^
2 Thdi gian, dja diem vd phuong phdp
nghien clhi
Tiln hanh nghien cdu tren 358 hge sinh tu
Idp 10 din Idp 12 thugc trudng THPT Cao Ldnh
1 va THPT Thing Linh, huy?n Cao Lanh, tinh
Dong Thap Trong do, cd 126 hgc sinh Idp 10
(16 tuoi), 120 hgc sinh lop II (17tuli), 112 hpc
sinh Idp 12 (18 tuoi) TTidi gian idy mau vao
thdng ba vd thdng tu cua ndm 2011 va 2012
Cde ehi tieu nghien edu gdm chieu cao diing, khoi lugng co thi, nhip tim, huylt dp eua hpc sinh Phuong phdp idy mdu cy thi nhu sau: Chieu eao dugc do td gdt chan sat mgt dat den dinh dau Hgc sinh phdi ddng tu thi nghiem tren nen phdng, hai gdt chan ehgm vao nhau, hai tay budng thdng, ban tay dp vdo mdt ngoai diil Ddu phdi d tu the sao cho bd dudi xuong ham dudi hodc dudng noi l5 tai ngoai vdi mdt tren m^t dudng thdng ndm ngang, mdt nhin thdng ding thdi de cho 4 diem: chdm, lung, mdng, va gdt chgm vao thudc do Sd dyng thudc do ed chia vgch so tdi mm de do chieu cao cda hge sinh, don vj tinh la centimet (cm) Can khdi lugng co thi bdng can dong h i ed dp chinh xdc den 0,1kg, dan vj tinh trpng lugng co the la kilogam (kg)
Su dyng mdy do huyet dp, nhjp tim d l xdc djnh h? so huyet dp, nhjp tim
3 Ket qua nghien eiru 3.1 Chilu cao cua hgc sinh khoi THPT, huy^n Cao Ldnh, tinh Dong Thdp Ket qua v l chieu cao cua hpc sinh dugc the hi?n qua bang 1 nhu sau:
Nhgn xet: Tu tuli 16 den tuli 18, chieu cao cua hpe sinh nam vd hgc sinh n& tilp tyc tdng din Chieu cao cua hpc sinh nam tuoi 16 - 17 tdng rd r?t td 163,4 ± 6,2cm tdi 167,0 ± 5,9cm vdi toe dg
Trang 2Tuoi
16
17
18
Nam
n
66
62
56
X±SD
163,4 ±6,2
167,0 ±5,9
167,2 ±4,4
Tdng trung binh
Mirc tdng
-4,6 0,2 2,4
Nil
n
60
58
56
X±SD
154,5 ±6,8 157,4 ±6,2 157,7 ±5,3 Tdng trung binh
Muc tdng
2,9 0,3 1,6
X -X^
nam na
7,9 9,6 9,5
-Bdng I Chiiu cao cua hgc sinh khdi THPT, huy^n Cao Ldnh
4,6eni/nam va ehieu cao eua hgc sinh n& tdng td
154,5 ± 6,8cm tdi 157,4 ± 6,2cm vdi toe dp 2,9cm/
ndm Din tuoi 17 - 18 thi chilu cao tdng chgm hon,
doi vdi nam Id 167,0 ± 5,9cm tdi 167,2 ± 4,4cm
vdi toe dg 0,2cm/nam vd doi vdi nd Id 157,4 ±
6,2cm tdi 157,7 ± 5,3em vdi toe dg 0,3cni/nam
Nhu vgy, toe dO tdng ehilu cao theo Ida
tuli eda ede em hge sinh la khdng diu Doi vdi
nam, ehilu cao binh qudn m3i ndm tdng 2,4cm,
d nft tdng [,6cm Mdt khdc, trong ciing mOt dO
tuoi nhung chidu cao eua cdc em hgc sinh nam
thudng cao hon ehieu cao cua cae em hgc sinh
nft, ey thi d tuoi 16, nam eao hon n& 7,9em d
tuoi 17, nam cao hon n& 9,6cm () tuoi 18, nam
cao han n& 9,5cm
3.2 Khii lugng ciia hgc sinh khii THPT
huyf n Cao Ldnh, tinh Ding Th^p
Khoi lugng co thi cda hgc sinh dugc thi
hi?n qua bdng 2 nhu sau:
Nhgn xet: Doi vdi hgc smh nam, khoi
lugng CO the tdng dan theo tuoi Khii lugng
eo thi hgc sinh tuli 16 Id 44,4 ± 6,9kg din tuli
17 Id 53,4 + 8,0kg vd tuli 18 Id 54,0 ± 7,7kg
Binh qudn moi ndm khoi lugng co the tdng
4,8kg Ciing nhu chieu eao thi khoi lugng co
the d cdc Ida tuli tdng khdng ding diu Khoi
lugng CO the tdng tu 44,4 ± 6,9kg luc 16 tuoi
len tdi 53,48kg luc 17 tuoi, muc tdng Id 9,0kg
vd 53,48kg ldc 17 tuoi Ign tdi 54,07kg luc 18 tuli, mdc tdng la 0,6kg
Khdng giong nhu hgc sinh nam, khii lugng
CO thi cda hgc sinh nii khdng tdng theo tuli Khoi lugng co the hgc sinh luc 16 tuli la 43,6
± 5,5kg tang len 45,0 ± 5,9kg d tuli 17, mdc tang la 1,4kg Nhung den tuoi 17 -18 thi gidm tii 45,0 + 5,9kg xuong edn 42,1 ± 3,3kg, mdc gidm
la 2,9kp Nhu vgy, d dg tuli 16 den 18 thi mdc gidm hdng ndm cua nu la 0,8kg
Trong cdng mOt dO tuli, khii lugng ca the cua hge sinh nam cao hon khoi lugng eothe ciia hgc smh n&, ey thi Id d tuoi 16, nam ngng hon n& 0,8kg; d tuoi 17, nam ngng hon nft 8,4kg; d tuoi 18, nam ngng hon n& 11,9kg
3.3 Nhjp tim ciia hgc sinh khii THPT, huyfn Cao Ldnh, tinh Ding Thdp Nhjp tim eda hge sinh dugc the hi?n qua bdng 3 nhu sau:
Nhgn xet: Dii vdi nam, nhjp tim tdng 0,1 idn/phdt d Ida tuli 16 -17 vd gidm 2,1 idn/phiit dldatuli 17- 18 Nhu vgy, binh qudn moi ndm nhjp tim gidm 1,0 idn/phdt Dii vdi nft, nhjp tim tdng 5,4 idn/phdt d Ida hili 16 -17 vd gidm 3,8 idn/phdt d Ida tuoi 17 - 18 Nhu vgy, bmh quan moi ndm nhjp tim tdng 0,8 idn/phdt Trong cung mgt dg tuli nhung van cd sy chenh !?ch ve nhip tim gifta nam vd n&
Tuoi
16
17
18
Nam
n
66
62
56
X±SD
44,4 ±6,9
53,4 ±8,0
54,0 ±7,7
Tdng trung binh
Mite chSnh I^ch
-9,0 0,6 4,8
NO-n
60
52
56
X±SD
43,6 ±5,5 45,0 ±5,9 42,1 ±3,3 Gidm trung binh
Mi^c chenh Ifch
,
1,4 -2,9 -0,8
x,„-x„
0,8 8,4 11,9
-Bdng 2 Khoi lupng cua htic sinh khoi THPT, huyfn Cao Lanh
Trang 3Tu6i
16
17
18
Nam
n
66
62
56
X±SD
80,0 ±11,9
80,1 ±9,3
78,0 ± 12,5
Gidm trung binh
Muc chdnh l?ch
-0,1 -2,1 -1,0
Nil
n
58
58
52
X±SD
82,0 ±11,5 87,4±11,1 83,6 ±13,1 Tdng trung binh
Muc chenh lech
-5,4 -3,8 0,8
X^-X„, -2,0 -7,3 -5,6
-Tu6i
16
17
18
Bdng 3 Nhip tim cda hoc sinh IchSi THPT, huyen Cao Lanh
Nam
n
64
60
54
X±SD
109,1 ± 9,8
118,2 ±9,0
122,0 ±
12,1
Tdng trung binh
Mirc chenh l$ch
-9,1 3,8 6,5
Nil
n
55
58
50
X±SD
107,4±11,5 108,6+8,1 103,6±11,2 Gidm trung binh
Mirc chgnh l^ch
-1,2 -5,0 -1,9
x ^ - x„
1,7 9,6 18,4
-Bdng 4 Huyet dp tdm thu ciia hgc sinh khdi THPT, huy$n Cao Ldnh
Tu6i
16
17
18
Nam
n
64
62
52
X±SD
69,3 ± 6,7
74,3 ± 5,6
74.1 ±8.7
Tdng trung bhih
Miic chSnh I^ch
-5,0 -0,2 2,4
Nil
n
60
54
50
X±SD
67,6 ±8,3 68,5 ± 7,2 66,6 ±7,8 Gidm trung binh
Miirc chanh l^ch
-0,9 -1,0 -0,1
x^-x„
1,7 5,8 7,5
Bdng 5 HttySt dp tdm truang cua hQC sinh Midi THPT, huyen Cao Ldnh
3.4 Huylt dp tdm thu ciia hgc sinh Idi6i 3.5 Huylt dp tdm tnnnig ciia hgc sinh THPT, huy^n Cao Linh, tinh B6ng Thdp THPT, huyf n Cao Ldnh, tinh Song Thdp
Huylt dp tdm thu thay d6i theo liia tuoi, gidi Huyet dp tam trucmg cila hijc sinh dugc thi tinh, dieu lci$n moi truong song, che d$ dinh hi^n qua bdng 5 nhu sau:
duQng, trgng thdi tdm ly cua timg cd thi Ket Doi v6i nam, huyet dp tam truong tdng qud nghien cim huylt dp tdm thu dug^c thi hifn 5,0mmHg 6 liia tuoi 16 - 17 va gidm 0,2minHg qua bdng 4 6 Kia tuoi 17-18 Nhu vgy, bmh qudn m5i ndm Doi vdi nam, huylt dp tdm thu tdng huyet dp tdm truong tdng 2,4mmHg Dii V(5i nil, 9,lmmHg6liratu6i 16-17 vatdng3,8mmHg huylt dp tdm truong tdng 0,9mmHg 6 lira tuoi 16
* Ilia tuli 17 - 18 Nhu vdy, binh quan mSi - 17 va giam 1,0 mmHg d lira tuli 17 - 18 Nhu
ndm huylt dp tdm thu tdng 6,5mmHg Doi vai vay, binh qudn moi ndm huyet dp tam truong giam
nO, huylt dp tam thu tdng 1,2mmHg d lira tuoi O.lmmHg Mdc du cimg m^t dp tuoi nhimg huylt
16 - 17 va gidm 5,0mmHg 6 lira tuoi 17-18 dp tdm truong se Idiong giong nhau giiia nam vd Nhu v^y, binh qudn moi ndm huylt dp tdm nCl Huyet dp tdm truang cua nam luon cao han thu gidm l,9mniHg M|ic dii cimg mOt d§ tuoi nil (3 tuoi 16, huylt dp tam trucmg cua nam cao nhung huyet dp tdm thu sS khong giong nhau han nft l,7mmHg.(!) tudi 17,huyetdptamtniang
giOa nam vd nil, d d$ tuoi 16 - 18 thi huyet dp cua nam cao hon nil 5,8mmHg d tuoi 18, huyet
tam thu cua nam ludn cao han huylt dp tdm dp tam truong cua nam cao han nil 7,5nimHg
thu ciia nft (Xem tiip trang 30)
Trang 4bdn do tu duy md gido vien dd chudn hi sdn hodc
I ban do tu duy md cac em vua thiet ke vd cd Idp
dd chinh sda
Qua vi dy tren, gido vien sd dyng bdn do
tu duy dl triln khai ngi dung phdn bai hge mdi,
ddng thdi su dyng ngay bdn do tu duy vda lgp
de edng cl kiln thdc cho hge smh Dilu nay
giup hgc sinh ndm duge kiln thde vd ghi nhd
ngi dung ciia chiin djch ngay tgi Idp Mdt khdc,
dudd sy tl chdc vd hudng dan ciia gido vien, hpc
sinh ty xdy dyng, hodn thi^n ban do tu duy gdp
phan phdt huy tinh tich eye, chd dgng, sdng tgo
eda hgc sinh
Vi^c kit hgp ddng bdn do trong sdch gido
khoa, bdn do tu duy ljch sd, trinh bdy rd ngi
dung bai hgc, khdng chi td mau sde, dudng
nettr€n ban do, cua sy ki|n lich sd md con
chinh la ngi dung cua bdn do, so do phu
hgp vdi nOi dung m6n hpc, thu hut sy chd
</ cda hge sinh Su dyng bdn do tu duy tryc
quan trong bdi hgc 1dm cho khong khi Idp
hgc them sdi noi, hgc sinh hgc tap mgt cdeh
hdo hdng Vi$c sd dyng bdn do tu duy s@ tdc
dOng den hge sinh bdng nhiSu hudng: Hgc sinh cd thi nghe, nhin, suy nghT, hogt dgng
tu duy, hogt dgng bdng ngdn ngd Sy hdp dan doi vdi hpc sinh trong gid hpe ndy duge ndy sinh tu yeu cdu tim tdi, hieu biet Cdc hinh dnh tryc quan tu bdn do gido khoa, bdn do tu duy, trong dgy hgc ljch sd cd tdc dgng rdt Idn din suy nghT cua cdc em Chung gido dye eho cdc em vl truyen thong, tinh thdn yeu nude, long ty hao dan t$e, sde manh dodn kit toan dan t$e
TAI LI^U THAM KHAO
1 Tdi Ii$u tap huan ve Ban do tu duy ciia Tien sy Trdn Dinh Chdu vd Tien s^ D$ng Thj Thu Thuy theo dy dn THCS II nam hpe 2009
-2010
2 Phan Ngpc LiSn (chd biSn), Dii mdi phuong phdp dgy hge mdn Ljch sd d trudng pho tiidng
3 Tony Buzan, Ban do tu duy trong edng vi?e, nhd xuat ban Lao dgng - Xd hgi.(2007)
4 http://bandotuduy.violet.vn
NGHIEN COU MOT SO CHi TIEU
4 Kit lu$n
Chieu cao cda hge sinh khii THPT d huy^n
Cao Ldnh, tinh Ding Thdp tdng nhanh d dg tuoi
16- 17,dd$tuli 17- 18tangch|imlgivdtii|lm
chi khdng tdng Trong edng m$t dg tuoi nhung
chilu cao d nam thu^g eao hon d nii'
Doi vdi nam, d d0 tuoi td 16 -18 khii tugng
CO thi tang ddn Dii vdi nO*, khil lugng tdng d
dp tuli 16 -17 va gidm d d$ tuoi 17 -18
Huylt dp tam thu vd tdm truong thay dll
theo dp tuoi vd thay doi theo gidi tinh Trong
edng mgt d^ tuli thi huylt dp tam thu vd tam
truong cda nam luon cao han nO*
T A I L I ? U THAM KHAO
1 B | Y te , Cdc gid tri sinh hgc ngu&i Vi$t
Nam bmh thuong thgp ky 90 • thi ky XX NXB
Yhgc.(2003)
L» (Tiip theo trang27)
2 Ting eye thing ke , Cdc chi tiiu, chisd
phdt triin con nguoi NXB Hd N§i.(2003)
3 V6 Hung, Atlat nhdn trdc hgc ngu&i Vi$t
Nam trong lua tudi lao dgng, NXB Khoa hgc va
Ky thugt Ha Npi.(1986)
4 Trjnh Vdn Minh vd cpng sy, Cdc chi tieu
nhdn trdc ngu&i l&n Bdo cdo todn vdn du dn dieu tra co bdn mgt sd chi tiiu sinh hgc nguai Vi4t Nam binh thuong & thgp ky 90 BO Y te - B0
K I hogeh va Ddu tu.(2000)
5 Nguyen Tdn Gi Trpng, Hdng sd sinh hgc
ngu&i f?^/Aam.NXB HdNgi.(1975)
6 L6 Vdn Tung vd cgng sy, "Tdng trudng
thi chdt cda hgc smh Yi^t Nam trong nhihig ndm dau thi ky XXI", Hgi nghi ^dwa hgc qudc te vi
y hgc vd v^ sinh mdi tru&ng Idn thir 2, NXB Y
hgc.(2005)