HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG TIM K I I M T U O N C TIN CIAO DUC BAO v i MOI TRIfdNC QUA MANC INTERNf T DE HO TRQf DAY HOC MON DIA U ThS Vuomg Thi Phvomg Hgnh Vi^n Khoa hpc Gido due Vi^t Nam Trong nhilu na[.]
Trang 1T I M K I I M T U O N C T I N CIAO DUC B A O v i MOI TRIfdNC QUA MANC INTERNf T DE HO TRQf DAY HOC MON DIA U
ThS Vuomg Thi Phvomg Hgnh
Vi^n Khoa hpc Gido due Vi^t Nam
Trong nhilu nam trd lgi 2 Vai trd cda mdn Dja If cic nguon tii nguyen vi moi diy, nhirng diu hipu cho thiy trong trudng phd thong trudng
ngn suy thoii mdi trudng ngiy Mdn Dja Ii trong trudng Trong hai nhdm kiln thiic mgt rd ring hon do nhilu phd thdng cd nhilu thuin tien, kien thiic ciia nhdm ttiir nguyen nhin, chu ylu li do tic Igi dl GDBVMT cho HS vi nhit chinh li nhimg kiln tiiirc
nhung kien thiic vl cic thinh phan ciia mdi trudng ty nhien, mdi trudng kinh te - xa hgi, mdi quan hp qua lai giira mdi trudng vi con ngudi li mgt phin ciia kien thiic Dia li Vi viy, nhiing kien thiic ve mdi trudng vi GDBVMT da dugc tich hgp vao chuang trinh, SGK Dia li tir diu tiiap ki 80 ciia the ki XX
Sau khi r i soit lai chuang trinh Dja li, chiing tdi nhan thiy nhung kien thiic GDBVMT tiong SGK cd thi phin bipt thinh 2 nhdm:
+ Nhiing kien thiic de cap den cic thanh i)han ciia mdi trudng, cic ngudn tii nguyen thien nhien, cic canh quan thien nhien, cic hipn tugng
ty nhien, nhiing kien thirc ye din cu va hogt dgng kinh te
-xi hgi cua con ngudi
+ Nhiing kien thiic ve tinh vdi mdi truang vi bilt cich hinh khai thic, sii dung cic GDBVMT cin thilt phii sii hinh ddng thich hgp dl bao vp bipn phip bao ve tii nguyen dyng vi khai thic them kiln mdi trudng, img xii thich nghi vi mdi trudng nhu: tinh hinh
thdng minh vdi mdi trudng sir dyng tii nguyen hgp li
(Xem hinh) hay khdng hgp Ii; thyc trgng
dgng cua con ngudi Cic nhi
khoa hpc vi quin ly da xic
dinh mgt tiong nhihig nguyen
nhin ca bin giy su^ thoii mdi
tiidng li do sy thieu hieu biet,
thieu y thirc cua con ngudi
Phii ginh chiu nhieu h|u qui
gay ra, con ngudi da bit dau
y thiic dugc ve nhiing inh
hudng cd hgi ciia minh ddi vdi
mdi trudng sdng
1 Giao due bao vp moi
trudng (GDBVMT)
GDBVMT la mgt trong
nhung bien phip hihi hieu
nhit, kinh te nhat va cd tinh
ben vimg tiong cic bien phap
de thyc hien muc tieu bao ye
mdi trudng va phat trien ben
virng dat nudc Thdng qua
giio due, timg ngudi va cdng
ddng dugc tiang bi kien thirc
ve mdi trudng, ve ning lyc
phit hien va xir ly cic van de
mdi trudng GDBVMT giiip
cho HS cd y thiic tiach nhiem
Dja li da dugc giing day d trudng phd thdng Nhdm kiln thiic thii hai Ii nhihig kiln thiic de cap den tac dgng cua con ngudi vdi mdi trudng vi tii nguyen thien nhien Nhom kien thiic nay phin nao da dugc dua vio SGK cic lop nhung nhin chung chua that diy du, do dd GV cin chu y khai thic, lya chgn de dua vio bii giing dudi hinh thiie hen hp, bd sung, tim kiem cac ngudn tbdng tin da dang khac
3 Sach giao khoa
SGK da cung cap cho HS mdt lugng kien thiic nhat dinh vl GDBVMT Tuy nhien lugng kien thiic cd tiong kenh chii vi kenh hinh cua SGK chua nhieu vi chua thuc su
di siu giai quyet mgt vin de cua mdi trudng Do dd, ben cgnh SGK, he thdng cic loai bin do khi dgy hgc ngi dung
Hinh Tdc ddng cua GDBVMT doi vdi HS
Y thiic, thii dg
than thipn vdi
moi trudng
Nhgn thurc dung din ve mdi trudng
Ky nang thyc tl hanh dgng trong mdi
thuc tir tianh inh, video va cic ngudn kien thirc bo tip khac (dl tai, sach bao, giio trinh ) Trong gidi hgn cua nghien cuu niy, chiing tdi gidi thieu each tim kiem thong tin GDBVMT qua mang Intemet
hd tig GV va HS tirong day hgc Dia li d trudiig phd thong
\^pc tim kigm thdng tin tii mgng Intemet khdng chi
Ngdy nhdn bdi 25/02/2013; Ngdy duyfl dang 25/03/2013
Trang 2giiip GV vi HS cd thSm kien
thiic vdi mdt lugng thdng tin
khdng lo mi cdn ting vdn
hieu biet ve tin hgc, ngogi
ngii; kich thich khi nang tim
tdi, sing tao cua HS, khai dgy
d cic em tinh tich cyc^ chu
dpng giii quyet vin de cua
bin thin vi bio vp ket qui lao
dgng trudc thay cd vi bgn be
Khi tim kiem tbdng tin tir
mgng Intemet, trudc het GV
vi HS can xic dinh rnuc dich
rd ring de viec tim kiem diin^
vi tning Vi khdng phii bit
cir thdng tin nao tien mang
Intemet ciing dang tin cay vi
dugc kiem soit nen ngudi su
dyng can lya chgn nhiing tiang
web cd uy tin, vi du tiang web
cd dudi gov (tiang web ciia
cic CO quan thupc chinh phu)^
.org (tiang web thuoc cac to
chiic phi lgi nhuan), ac hogc
.edu (tiang web thudc cac ca
sd khoa hpc, giio dye)
Viec tim kiem thdng tin
thdng thudng va phd bien nhit
ddi vdi ngudi dimg Intemet
hien nay la sir dung cic cdng
cy tim kiem ciia Google,
Yahoo, Bring Nhung tiang
web niy ho tig ngudi dung
tim kilm thdng tin bing tieng
Viet, Anh, Tiimg nen phu
hgp vdi nhieu ddi tugng d
nhieu trinh do ngoai ngu vi
tin hgc Idiac nhau
Chi cin gd vio cym tir cin
tim kilm, vi dy "d nhiem mdi
trudng", ban se nhgn dugc
ngay khoang 10.200.000 kit
qui tii Google, bao gdm ci
bai viit, inh, sd lipUj video
vdi rit nhieu ngudn khac
nhau v i n de ciia bgn bay gid
li xic djnh vi Iua chgn nhiing
ngudn tmy cap Vipc tim kiem
thong qua cac trang web niy
se cho bgn kit qui chii khdng dim bio tinh chinh thong yi khoa hgc cua ngudn cung cip thdng tin, do dd bgn can "tinh tao" dl lya chgn thdng tin cho phii hgp
Mdt sd tiang web nhu Wikipedia, Vietgle cung cd the giiip ich cho GV va HS tiong vipc tia nghia ciia tir, tim hieu cac khai nipm Uen quan den mdi trudng nhu d nhiem, canh quan, mdi tmdng
Hien nay, vdi su bung
nd cua CNTT thi tien mang Intemet da xuit hien rat nhieu blog ci nhan, dien din ciia nhiing ngudi cd chung mpt vin de quan tam, tiong dd
CO nhitiig dien din lien quan den hgc tap, giao due vi mdi tmdng Tuy nhien, chat lugng
vi tinh chin thyc cua cic tai lieu dugc dang tien cac dien dan, blog chua dugc kiem duyet nen khi sir dyng GV vi
HS cung can cin nhac Ddi vdi mdn Dia li ndi chung, mpt sd dien dan cd the giiip
GV va HS cd them ngudn tu lieu day vi hgc nhu: violet
vn; dayvahocdialy.violet
vn; tulieu.violet.vn; tailieu
vn; diendankienthuc.net
Diy dugc coi la nhiing trang mang xa hdi cua cdng ddng
GV, HS, nhiing ngudi quan tim den giio due cua Viet Nam, la noi giao luu kien thirc va chia se tii nguyen dgy hgc Cic tiang web niy cung cip hing ngin tii lieu, ebook, sich hap dan, ndi bit vdi cic logi file pdf, word, excel, powerpoint cho phep upload vi download mien phi
Nhung bai hgc Dia Ii cic cap, nhung van d^ lien quan den GDBVMT se dugc tim tiiiy
trong nhiing kho tii nguyen
tu lieu niy
Ben canh nhimg tiang m^ng xa hpi, GV va HS cd the tmy cap vio dia chi web cua cic CO sd giio dye nhu cic Sd GD&DT, Khoa Dja
li ciia cic trudng Dai hoc, Cao Ding, THPT THCS tien ci nudc Tai diy, ban cd the tim thay thdng tin ve cac Hgi thio, bio cio chuyen de, sing kien kinh nghiem cua
ca nhin, td chuyen mdn nhirng ngi dung kien thiic nay
se giup GV vi HS cd them
tu lieu trong day hpc Dia li ndi chung vi GDBVMT ndi rieng
Dudi day, chung tdi cung cap them mgt so trang web co cbiia dyng nhieu thdng tin bd ich mi GV vi HS cd the khai thac ngi dung GDBVMT, hd trg trong day hgc ndi chung
va day hgc Dia li ndi rieng
*http://www.epe.edu.vn Trang Web Thdng tin GDBVMT thudc sy quan ly ciia Vu Khoa hgc - Giao due
va Mdi tmdng, Bp GD&DT Trang web nay cung cap, chia
se thdng tin, kien thiic ve cac chii tmong, chinh sich cua Dang va Nha nudc, cac vin bin phap quy ve mdi tmdng
d Viet Nam Trang web ciing
la ciu ndi giiia cic td chiic
va ca nhan hogt dgng trong ITnh vyc bao ve mdi tmdng tiong va ngoii nudc Trang web ciing cap nhit, chia se cic thdng tin mdi ve Bien ddi khi hiu, cic boat ddng nham nang cao nhin thiic ve Bien^ dao va Chu quyen lanh thd Qudc gia
* http://vea.gov.vn Vea Portal cung cap cac
Trang 3chii tmong, dudng loi ciia
Ding, chinh sich vi phip lugt
cua Nhi nudc vl cdng tic bio
vp moi trudng; cic sy kipn,
vy vipc vl mdi trudng dugc
du lugn vi xa hgi quan tam;
cong bd cdng khai thdng tin
ve cic ca sd giy d nhiem mdi
tmdng; dang tii cic dy thio
van bin quy phgm phip lugt
do Tong cyc Mdi tmdng chii
tri xiy dyng vi cic Bg^ nginh
lien quan de Iiy y kien rgng
rai cua ngudi din vi doanh
nghiep
* http://www.dmhccgov.vn
Trang web cun^ cip cic
thdng tin ve bien ddi khi hiu;
xay dyng chien lugc qudc gia
ve bien ddi khi hiu; cinh bio
va dy bio thien tai, iing phd
vdi thien tai; tin tiic ve bio
ve tang Ozon; 6 nhiem khi
quyen va van de bio vp ting
khi quyen; cung cip he thdng
cac van ban phip quy ve bien
ddi khi hiu vi cinh bio, dy
bio, giim nhe thien tai (dgng
dat, sdng thin )
* ht(p://www.nchmf.gov.vn
Trang web ciia Tmng tam
Du bio khi tugng thuy van
Tmng uang - Bd Tai nguyen
vi Mdi tmdng gdp phan phd
bien kien thirc ve khi tugng
thuy van, nang cao y thirc
cgng ddng ve phdng tiinh vi
giam nhe thiet hai do thien tai,
cung cip, khai thic cac djch
vy ve khi tugng thuy van va
mdi trudng, dy bio khi tugng
thuy van vi phit cic ban tin
dy bio, cinh bio, thdng bio
thdi tiet, thuy van
* http://vea.gov.vn
Trang web cung cap cac
thdng tin ve bio tdn da dgng
sinh hpc, danh sich do va
bd suu tap inh ve da dang
sinh hgc (rfimg nhipt ddi, cic loai dgng vgt, thyc v§t qu^' hilm ); cung d p thdng tin
ve cic vudn qu^c gia, khu dy trii sinh quyen, cic hp sinh thii trong ca nudc cQng nhu tien the gidi; vi^c bio v^ cic loii thii quy hiem nhu bio hoa mai, bio Iua hay cic loii thyc vgt qu^ nhu Ian hii, lim xanh
Ngoii nhihig trang web mi chiing tdi gidi thipu tien diy,
GV vi HS cung cd thi tim thiy tiidng tin ve GDBVMT thdng qua tiang web cic tinh/
thinh phd khi tim hieu ve thyc tigng mdi tmdng dia phuong hogc thdng qua cic trang ve
du lich, hogc trang web rieng ciia vudn qudc gia, khu bao tdn thien nhien Neu GV
va HS cd kha nang ngogi ngir thi viec tim kiem thdng tin
ve mdi tmdng tien cic tiang web ciia the gidi thuc sy se mang Igi hipu qui cao vi tinh chuyen nghiep, ngudn tu lipu phong phii Nhimg tiang web thudng dugc khai thic vi sii dyng trong dgy hgc Dia Ii ndi chung vi chua dyng ndi dung mdi trudng, GDBVMT ndi rieng nhu: Td chiic mdi tiirdng LHQ (UNEP): www
unep.org; Atlas din sd vi tii nguyen the gidi http://atlas
aaas.org
4 Ket luan Viec giio dye mdi trudng khdng chi cho hdm nay mi cho ci ngiy mai Nham xay dyng mgt mdi tmdng "xanh, sgch, dep", mdi GV vi HS
Ii mpt tuyen tmyen vien tich cyc vl GDBVMT tiong nha tmdng vi trong cgng ddng
xa hgi Trong thdi dai cdiig nghe thdng tin phat triln
manh me nhu hipn nay, tmy cap Intemet da vi dang fro nfin dl ding vi ph6 biln, tuy nhifin vipc tim kiem thdng tin tir mgng de phyc vy cho myc dich giio dye thi van cin c6 nhiing djnh hudng nhat dmh Ngudi thiy ngoii vipc ty hpc,
ty boi duong, tim tdi nhiing tir • lipu bo ich de nang cao tiinh
dp chuyen mdn, vira phii c6 tiich nhipm trong vipc din dit, dinh hudng cho HS tim den nhihig nguon thdng tin an toan, bd ich vi thiet thuc T^i li^u tham khao
1 Ludt Bdo v^ moi truang
riet Nam, nam 2005
2 Nguyen Phi Hanh, Nguyen Thi Kim Chuong,
Gido dgc moi truang qua mon Dia li a truang pho thdng,
NXB Giio dye, 2002
3 Mpt sd tiang web ve Mdi trudng
Summary Environmental education
is included in the general education program aimed at fostering a love of nature, fostering feelings, build the good in every person, form habits, environmental protection skills The educational environment not only for today but also for tomorrow In order to build an envfronment of
"clean, green, beautifiil," every teacher and student
is an active propagandist of envfronmental education in schools and in society