NGHIEN Cl/U & UNG DUNG PHAT TRIEN PHUDNG TIEN DAY HOC MON THUC TAP OIEN TUT CO BAN THEO MO HINH TPACK TAI TRU0NG OA! HOC SU PHAM KY THUAT TP HO CHI MINH TS NguySn Thi Lirovg, ThS Bui Van H6ng Tnrdng B[.]
Trang 1PHAT TRIEN PHUDNG TIEN DAY HOC MON THUC TAP OIEN TUT CO BAN THEO MO HINH TPACK TAI TRU0NG OA! HOC SU PHAM KY THUAT TP HO CHI MINH
TS NguySn Thi Lirovg, ThS Bui Van H6ng
Tnrdng Bgi hgc Sir phgm ky thugt Tp HCM
1 Mo hinh TPACK cua
Matthew J Koehler
TPACK (Technological
Pedagogical Content
Knowledge) 1^ s\r k§t hgp c6
tinh chat phiic tJip cOa ba lo^i
hinh kien thiic khac nhau la:
k i l n thtie v6 npi dung (CK), dimg sir pham (PCK) dugc
kien thuc ve su pham (PK) va hmh thanh Day chinh la y
kien thiic ve cong nghe (TK) tirong \k kien thiic su pham
[7] Nhu vay, TPACK c6 thS dugc su dung vao viec day
dugc hieu 1^ "sy tich hgp ciia hoc mot ngi dung cu the
kien thiic ve ngi dung su ph^m - Tuofng tu nhu vay, tai
cong nghe." Syr tich hop nay viing giao nhau giiia TK va
nham phuc vu nhu cau ciia CK, chiing ta nhan dugc kien
Tir m6 hinh TPCK cho thay TK vii PK, kien thurc su ph^mi
da xu4t hi$n cac loai kien thiic cong ngh? dugc hinh thinh
mdi dua tren ciic viing giao (TPK), trong do nliSn manh
nhau cua ba lo^i kiln thiic co su t6n tai, thinh ph&i va kha ban diing dgc lap Trong do: nang ciia cac loai cong ngh^
- Tai vung giao nhau giua khac nhau dugc su dung trong
PK va CK, kien thiic ve ngi
giang vien ve viec sii dung
cong nghe vao trong qua trinh
day hgc ciia hg
* Mo hinh TPACK da dugc
Mishra & Koehler (2006) phat
trien CO cau tnic dugc minh
hga nhu a hinh 1
thiic ngi dung cong nghe
(TCK) Day la kiln thiic vk
moi quan h? giua ngi dung
va cong ngh? Tiic la nhiing kien thiic ve cong nghe dugc
sii dung vao vipc day hpc mgt
ngi dung cu the
- Tai vung giao nhau giua
Hinh J Cdu true cua mo hinh TPCK [7]
vi$c thiet lap qua trinh day hgc Hay noi each khac, day chinh la kiSn thiic ve su pham dugc sii dung trong viec ap dung cong nghe vao qua trinh day hgc
- Cuoi cung, tai viing giao nhau cua tat ca ba thanh to tren la kien thiic ve ngi dung cong nghe su pham (TPACK) Thuc chat cua su tich hgp cong nghe vao tronjg day hgc chinh la nhiing hieu biet va dieu cliinh cac moi quan he giiia ba thanh phan kien thiic
do Mpt giao vien co kha nang dieu chinh cac moi quan he dai dien cho mgt loai hinh chuyen mon khac nhau Hon the nua, giang vien la mgt nha chuyen mon, mpt chuyen gia ve cpng nghe va mpt chuyen gia ve su phara Do do, day hpc hieu qua mgt chu de nao do doi hoi giang vien co kien thiic nam trong vung giao thoa giiia ba thanh npi dung, su pham va cong ngh?
2 Cac chung loai phuong
tifn day hQc Thirc hanh difn
tu Ctf ban
Trong qua trinh day hgc, phuong ti?n day hpc co the dugc phan loai theo cac tieu chi sau;
- Theo hinh thiic, phuang tien day hgc bao gom: giao trinh va sach giao khoa; vat
Ngdy nhan bdi 05/03/2013; Neay duyet dang 25/03/2013
Trang 2that v i d\mg cy tao ra vat th^t;
mo hinh, tranh dnh v i thilt
hi nghe nhm; tai li?u hgc t i p
danh cho giang vien va sinh
vien; cac phuang tipn ky thuat
khac tham gia vao qua trinh
day hpc
- Theo quan diem ciia cong
nghp d^y hpc, phuong tipn
day hgc la san pham nhan tao,
gop phan tucmg tac giiia giang
vien va sinh vien trong qua
trinh d^y hpc Khi tham gia
vao qua trinh day hpc d^i hpCj
phuang tien day hpc co the
dugc phan chia nhu sau:
+ Theo lich sii: phucmg
tien truyen thong; phieong tien
hien dgi
+ Theo loai hinh san pham:
phirang tien cimg; phuong
tien mem
+ Theo hoat dpng; phieong
tien tuong tdc, phuong tien
khong tuong tdc
+ Theo quan diem true
quan; phucmg tien thuc;
phuang tien do
Tir cac tieu chi phan loai
tren day, phuong tien day hpc
trong cac lop hpc Thuc hanh
dien tii co ban bao gom cac
thanh phan chinh sau:
- Giao trinh thuc hanh, tai
lieu huang dan thuc hanh va
sach tham khao
- Mo hinh thirc hanh vat ly
va mo hinh thuc hanh ao
- May tinh, projector va cac
dung cu ky thuat khac
3 Cac t h a n h p h a n iden
thiic chira trong phirong
ti€n day hoc Thurc h a n h dif n
t u cff b a n
Theo mo hinh TPACK,
phuang tien day hpc Thuc hanh
dien tii co ban bao gom cac
thanh phan chiia dung dugc
m6i quan he cua kien thiic
v l ngi dung - cong nghe - su
pham, nhu mmh hga a hinh 2
Trong do:
Hinh 2 Cdc thdnh phdn kien thuc ciia phuang ti?n day hgc Th\rc hdnh dien tu ca bdn
- Kien thiic ve Npi dung:
trong cac thanh phan phuong tien day hpc Thuc hanh dien tii CO ban, ngoai giao trinh va tai lieu hpc tap co chiia dung toan bp ngi dung thuc hanh, thi mo hinh thuc hanh vat ly
va mo hinh thirc hanh ao cung phai dugc xay dimg phu hcrp vcri npi dung cua timg bai tap thuc hanh trpng chuong trinh mon hoc Chang han: bai thuc hanh lap rap mach dien chinh lim mpt pha, mo hinh vat ly va
mo hinh ao sir dung cho sinh vien thuc hanh lap mach chinh lim phai chira dung tron ven ngi dung cua bai thuc hanh
- Kien thiic ve Cong nghe:
trong cac thanh phan phuong tien day hpc Thuc hanh dien tii CO ban phai the hien dugc tinh cong nghe Trong do, tai lieu hpc tap phai chiia dung day du cac thong tin v l ket cau mach dien, thong so ky thuat cac linh kien dien tir su dung cho bai thuc hanh, quy trinh thuc hanh va cac nguyen tac an toan trong thuc hinh
Mo hinh i o la buoc phat triln cua viec iing dung cong nghe thong tin trong day hpc Day l i
l o ^ m6 hinh thiet bi thijc hanh sii dung cac phan mem mo phong chuyen nginh co tinh tr\rc quan v i tuang tie cao Khi thuc h i n h tren mo hinh
i o , sinh vien co the lim quen
\6'\ quy trinh thuc hinh truac
khi luy?n t i p tren mo hinh vat ly hoac cimg c6 the kilm tra hoat dgng cua cic mach di^n tu de so sanh vai kit qua thyc hanh tren mo hinh vat
Iy Mo hinh v$t ly phii chua dung dugc cong ngh? che tao broad mach dien tir, nhu: chi tao mach in, lira chgn, b l tri
va h i n linh ki?n di?n tit tren broad mach Chang han; rno hinh vat ly sir dung cho bii lap rap mach dien chinh luu 1 pha phai chua dung dugc cong nghe che tao mach dien chinh luu hoin chinh
- Kien thiic ve Su pham; phuang tien day hgc Thuc hanh dien tir co ban dugc xay dung vua giii vai tro tuong tac vai sinh vien trong qua trinh thuc hinh de l i m trung gian chuyen tiep ngi dung hpc tap tur giang vien den sinh vien, vira giii vai tro cung cap npi dung hpc tap cho sinh vien nhu mpt giang vien tro giang Nghia l i sinh vien c6 the tu hgc v i tu nghien ciiu dugc tren cac thinh phan ciia phuang tien day hpc Vi du: tren mo hinh vat ly ciia bai lap rap mach dien chinh luu mpt pha phai chiia dung so do nguyen
iy va cac thong so dinh miic cua mach dien
4 k i t q u a d a n h gia thirc nghiem
Xay dung minh hpa va t6 chiic day hpc thuc nghiem phuong tien day hgc cho bai thuc hanh " L a p r ^ p mach difn tao xung da hM" trong chuong trinh mon hgc Thuc
Trang 3hinh dien tii ca ban, thu^c
khoa Dipn - Dipn tir, tnrdng
Dai hoc Su ph^im ky thuat Tp
Ho Chi M m h
Phuang tidn day hpc chinh
ciia b i i thyc hiiUi nay bao
gom: tii lieu huong d i n thuc
hinh, mo hinh v | t ly v i phan
mem mo phong mach dipn
trSn m i y tinh, nhu a hinh 3
Trong do:
cac thinh phan nhu: vung the hifn m^ch dipn t&o xung thyc
te dugc lap r i p hoin chinh, vimg tiie hien sa do nguyen Iy inach dipn, vung tuang tic v i lip m^ich, cic thiet bi hiln thi ket q u i thyc hinh
- Mo hmh i o dugc sii dyng cho sinh vien thyc hanh lim quen vai quy trinh lap m^ch, khio sit nguyen ly hoat dOng
hpa, sau d6 dinh gii miic dp dat dugc cic muc ti6u day hpc theo bing 1
C i c myc tieu dugc danh gia theo 4^ cap dg, tuong iing vai bon diem so nhu sau: K6m
= 1, Trung binh = 2, K h i = 3, Tot = 4 Ket q u i trung binh dinh gia ve miic dg dat dugc cac muc tieu ciia sinh vien
duoc minh hoa d hinh 4
K Q S
Mo hinh vM ly
Hinh 3 Thdnh phdn phuang tien day hoc cda bdi tap thirc hdnh
lap rdp mach dien tgo xung da hdi
Tai lieu hgc tap chiia
dyng day du cic thong tin lien
quan den bai thyc hinh, bao
g6m: muc tieu d^y hpc, ijii^m
vy thyc hinh, cac phucmg tiSn
day hoc can thiet, ngi dung ly
thuyet ciia b i i thyc hinh, quy
trinh hucmg d i n thuc hinh,
phieu b i o cao ket qua thuc
hanh v i cic ciu hoi kiem tra
dinh gia
- Mo hinh vat ly dupe sii
dung cho sinh vien khao sit
cau tao mach dien; thyc hinh
lap r i p , van hinh v i kiem tra
mach dien Mo hinh chiia dyng
cua mach dien v i so sanh danh gia ket qua thuc hanh tren mo hinh vat ly Mo hinh bao bom may vi tinh v i phan mem mo phong mach dien tii dugc cai dat san, nhu: Pspice, Oread, Multisim
Phuong tien day hoc cua bai thuc hanh dugc to chiic day hgc thyc nghiem tren 70 sinh vien lop 101021 cua khoa Dien - Dien tu, truong Dai Hpc Su Pham Ky Thuat Tp
HCM Giao vien cho sinh vien lam thyc hinh tren phuang tien da dugc xay dyng minh
Qua ket q u i tnmg binh danh g i i o hinh 4, c i bon muc tieu deu dugc sinh vien hoin
thanh a miic cao, cho thay
phuong tien day hpc dap iing dugc muc tieu kien thiic va ky nang ciia bai thuc hinh C i bon muc tieu, sinh vien deu dat dugc tren 90% cho thay phuong tien dugc xay dyng
d i m b i o cic thanh phan kiln thiic ve npi dung - cong nghe
- su pham, qua do giiip sinh vien de ding thyc hien bai tap thuc hinh Nhu vay co the khang dinh phuang tien day Thir t u m u c tiSu
Muc tieu 1
M u c tieu 2
Muc tieu 3
M u c tidu 4
M d ta muc ti@u bM t h u c h i n h c^n d i n h gia Trinh bay cau tao v i nguyen ly hoat dgng cua mach tao xung da hai Lap rap, v i n hinh v i k i l m tra msich dien theo quy trinh thyc h i n h Xac dinh iing dyng ciia mach dien tren thyc t l
Thyc hien diing quy trinh v i nguyen t i c an toan
Bdng 1 Kit qud khdo sdt muc do ddp wig mifC tieu ctia mo hinh
Trang 4hgc Thyc hinh dipn ttr ca bin
dugc xay dyng theo mo hinh
TPACK hoin toin dip iing
dugc myc tieu day hpc vi yeu
cau ciia day hpc Thyc hinh
dipn tu ca bin, nen c6 thi triln
khai ip dyng vao thyc tl day
hgc (Hinh 4)
3 KET LUAN
Ket qui thyc nghipm ciia
phuong tipn d^y hgc dugc xay
dyng minh hpa cho thiy, mire
dp d^t dugc cic myc tieu day
hgc tuang doi cao Dieu nay
budc dau da khang dinh dugc
sy phii hgp cua phuang tien
day hpc Thyc hanh dien tu
CO bin theo mo hinh TPACK
doi voi muc tieu day hgc, dac
diem ngi dung mon hpc, dac
diem nhan thiic ciia sinh vien
vi cic yeu cau ciia day hpc
Thyc hinh dien tir ca ban theo
huang tich hgp muc tieu day
hgc Do do, phuang tien c6
the sir dung cho giang vien va
sinh vien trong qua trinh day
hgc Thyc hanh dien tir co ban
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Thai buy Tuyen (2008)
Phuang phdj) dgy hoc truyen
thong vd dot mdi, NXB Giio
due
' 2 OECD (1999) School
Science Laboratories: Today's
Trends and Guidelines,
PEB Exchange, Programme
on Educational Building,
1999/3, OECD Publishing,
doi: 10 J 787/467124308827
3 Biii Van Hong - Nguyen
Thi Luang (2011), Xay dyng
mo hinh day hgc mon Cong
nghe 12 theo tiep can Iinh
hoat, Tgp chi khoa hgc gido
due ky thuat, truang DH Su
pham ky thugt Tp HCM, so
18, tri-5
•L92
o.n
•.87
, ^
»5f X *
^ ' .^
Hinh 4 Muc do trung binh dgt duac muc tieu
cua sinh vien
4 Punya Mishra, Matthew J Koehler (2006), Technological pedagogical content knowledge: a Framework for teacher
knowledge, Teachers College Record Volume 108, Number
6, June 2006, pp 1017-1054
5 Thai Duy Tuyen (2008}
Phuang phdp dgy hoc truyen thong vd doi mai, NXB Giao
due
6 OECD (1999) School Science Laboratories: Today's Trends and Guidelines,
PEB Exchange, Programme
on Educational Building, 1999/3, OECD Publishing, doi: 10.1787/467124308827
7 Biii Van H6ng -Nguyen Thi Luang (2011), Xay dyng
mo hinh day hgc mon Cong nghe 12 theo tiep can Hnh
hoat, Tgp chi khoa hoc gido due ky thugt, truang DH Su
phgm ky thudt Tp HCM, so
18 tri- 5
8 Punya Mishra, Matthew J Koehler (2006), Technological pedagogical content knowledge: a Framework for teacher
knowledge Teachers College Record Volume 108, Number
6 June 2006, pp 1017-1054 Abstract: The teaching mediums of the subject of basic electronic practice include learning materials, physical practical models, virtual practical models and technical equipments Basisedon the TPACK model, the teaching mediums of the subject of basic electronic practice contain the content knowledge, technological knowledge and pedagogical knowledge