REN PHAT AM DUNG PHU AM DAU L/N CHO HOC SINH TRUdNG TIEU HOC THUC HANH DAI HOC HAI PHONG Nguyen Thi Dung Khoa Gido diic Tieu hgc vd Mdm non Email dungnt78@dhhp edu vn Duang Huang Giang Khoa Gido due T[.]
Trang 1REN PHAT AM DUNG PHU AM DAU L/N CHO HOC SINH TRUdNG TIEU HOC THUC HANH - DAI HOC HAI PHONG
Nguyen Thi Dung
Khoa Gido diic Tieu hgc vd Mdm non Email: dungnt78@dhhp.edu.vn
Duang Huang Giang
Khoa Gido due Tieu hgc vd Mdm non Email: duonghuonggiangl 10697@gmail.com Ngdy nhgn bdi: 29/01/2018
Ngdy PB ddnh gid: 28/02/2018
Ngdy duyet ddng: 03/3/2018
TOM TAT
Tren co sd thyc ti^ng phdt dm ciia hgc sinh Trudng Tidu hge Thyc hdnh - Dai hgc Hai Phdng, bdi viet de xudt mdt sd bien phap ren phdt am dung phu dra dau l/n cho hge sinh tidu hgc, nham giup gido vien va sinh vidn ehuyen nganh Gido dye Tidu hgc cd them phuong phdp ren phat am cho hgc sinh
Tie khda: phat am, phy dra ddu I/n, hgc sinh Tidu hge
Pronunciation correct initial consonant l/n for pupils in Hai Phong University
Practical Primary School
ABSTRACT
On the basis ofthe status pronounce of pupils in Hai Phong University Pratical Primary School, this article proposes some measures wrought correct pronunciation mitial consonant l/n for primary school pupils, to give teachers and students more pronounced forging method for pupils
Keywords: Pronunciation, initial consonant I/n, primary school pupils
1 D^^T VAN DE
Trong cude sdng hang ngay, vide phat am
chuan ddng vai ttd vd cung quan trgng, giup cho
viec giao tiep dd dang hon Phat dm chuan
khdng nhiing Iam cho ldi ndi ttd nen chinh xdc,
thdm mi md cdn gay thien cam vdi ngudi giao
tiep Ddi vdi hgc smh tieu bgc, vide phdt dm
chuan cang quan ttgng ban bdi ddy la bdc hgc
CO sd chudn hi eho hgc smh phat am tdt, hgc tdt
d cac bdc hgc cao ban Phdt dm chudn khdng chi gidp hge smh hgc tap tdt ma cdn ty tm ban ttong giao tiep Td do, chiing tdi xac dinh vide ren phdt am dung chudn cho hgc sinh tidu hgc la vd ciing can thidt Mdt ttong nhung ldi hgc sinh Hdi Phdng ndi chung, hgc sinh Trudng Tieu hge Thyc hdnh ndi rieng thudng mac phdi chmh la
Trang 2gdp chut kinh n ^ e m vao vide giang day, ren
luyen ki ndng phdt dm chudn phy dm ddu l/n cho
hge sinh tidu hge, chung tdi de xuat mgt sd bien
phap "Ren phat am diing phu dm ddu l/n cho
hge sinh Trudng Tieu hge Thye hanh - Dai hgc
Hai Phdng"
2 NOI DUNG NGHIEN ClTU
2.1 Thuc trgng phdt am cua hgc sinh
Tru&ng Tieu hgc Thuc hdnh
Trudng Tidu hgc Thyc hanh thugc
Trudng Dai hge Hai Phdng la trudng thyc
hanh, thyc nghiera su pham, phdi ket hgp vdi
Khoa Gido dye Tieu hgc vd Mdm non dao tao
sinh vidn chuyen nganh GD Tidu bgc cua
Trudng Dai hgc Hai Phdng Ben canh nhiera
vu giao due tieu hgc, tmdng cdn cd nhidm vu
phdi hgp vdi Khoa Giao due Tieu hgc va Mam
non rdn luyen nghidp vu su pham thudng
xuyen cho sinh vien chuyen nganh Gido due
Tieu hgc De nam dugc thye trang phdt dm eiia
hgc sinh Trudng Tieu hgc Thyc hanh, chung
tdi tien hdnh dy gid, quan sat, theo ddi qua
trinh hgc sinh nara kidn Ihfte, ren ki ndng, tiep
thu cijng nhu hung thu, sy chu y ciia bgc sinh
ddi vdi vide phat am, tiao ddi, tid ehuyen vdi
gido vien va hgc sinh ciia Trudng Tieu hgc
Thuc hanh de tun hidu thyc ttang ren phat dra
ciia hgc smh Cho bgc sinh dgc mgt sd van ban
CO phu am dau l/n, tien co sd dd ndra bdt dugc
thyc trang cua hgc sinh khi phdt dm
Qua khdo sat thue tiang phdt dm ciia
hgc sinh tai Trudng Tidu hgc Thyc hanh,
chung tdi nhan thay hgc sinh phdt dm theo
gigng dia phuong, hien tugng phdt dm ldn ldn
phu am dau l/n khd phd bidn, dac bidt ddi vdi
hge sinh ddu cap Theo ehdng tdi, bien tugng
tren do mdt sd nguyen nhan sau:
- Nggng sinh Iy: co quan phat dm cd
cau tao khuydt bdra sinh nhu ngan ludi, day
nhidu khe hd ddn ddn viec khi phat dm hi sai, khdng ro tidng
- Do thdi quen khi ndi: tu luc hge ndi tie sdng va tidp xdc vdi nbftng ngudi phdt Idch chuan nen ddn thdnh thdi quen phat am lech ehuan
- Hge sinh khdng nam dugc tu ngu (chft viet bieu thi cua tirng tft) dan den khdng xae dinh dugc khi ndo sft dyng I/n Chdng
ban hgc sinh khdng phdn biet dugc: len vdi nin; lo vdi no
- Do thd ngft ciia mdt sd lang, xdm,
thdn, xa
- Do cd tinh ndi sai tiong mdt sd ngft canh nhdm tao hieu ftng ngdn ngft, dan ddn hinh thanh tbdi quen vd ndi sai I/n Tft thue trang va nhiing nguydn nhan ttdn, chung tdi nhdn thay vide ren phat dm dung phy dra ddu l/n cho hgc sinh tieu hgc vd cung can thiet, chung toi de xuat, ap dung ragt sd bien phdp cy thd dudi day
2.2 Mgt so bien phdp ren phdt dm dung phu dm dau l/n cua hgc sinh Tru&ng Tieu hoc Thuc hdnh
De cd the van dung ragt sd bidn phap ren phdt dm dung phu dm ddu I/n cho HS Trudng Tidu hgc Thye hanh can dya tten nhiing nguydn tde cy the Trong bai viet ehiing tdi can eft vao 4 nguyen tde:
- Dam bao mue tidu mdn hgc
- Da dang hda cdc hinh thuc, cdch thftc luyen phdt am cho hgc sinh
- Luyen phdt am cho hgc sinh d mgi tiic, mgi nai ttong eac hoat dgng cua lua tudi
- Phdt huy tinh tich cue, chd ddng cua hgc sinh
Cdc nguyen tdc tten Id ndn mdng vftng chdc tao ea sd thuyet phuc cho vide de xudt ap
Trang 3cho hgc smh Tmdng Tidu hge Thye hdnh
2.2.1 Bienphdp luyen theo mdu
Luydn theo mdu Id mdt ttong nhiing
phuang phap co ban ttong day hgc mdn tidng
Viet d tidu hge Khi thue hidn bidn phap nay,
chiing tdi kdt hgp vdi viec phan tich cho hgc
sinh vd co che phat am cua phy am ddu I/n
nham giiip hge sinh luyen di luyen lai nhidu
ldn hinh thanh thdi quen va ki ndng phat dra
hidu qua; bidt each dat ludi, ddy hoi, phdi
hgp gifta cac co quan cau am de phat am
chuan va tft do hgc sinh ed thd ty sfta Idi phdt
am, hudng tdi phat ara chudn Mudn bgc sinh
phat am chuan phy dm dau l/n, giao vien
danh thdi gian phdn tich cho hgc sinh vd co
chd phat dm cua phu dm ddu l/n:
Phu dm dau "I" dugc phdt am theo
phuang thuc xat, dm vang, luong hai kbi phdt
ra khdng bi can ttd, luong hai hi chdn ngay d
giua mieng do dau luai ha xudng, khi phat
am phu am dau "1" ta cdn cong ludi len va
ddt dau ludi cham vdo dudi lgi cua ham tten,
sau dd bdt ludi xudng vd ddy hoi thoat ra
dang mieng Vdi each nay hgc sinh se phat
am dugc ara ehuan phu dm "1" Gido vien
cho hgc sinh thyc hidn bdng cdch bit raui khi
phat dm huge Iudng hoi theo ra dudng mieng,
hge sinh se phat am dugc nhftng tieng cd phy
am dau "1" Nhftng hge sinh nao phat am
thdnh "n" se khdng phdt dm duge bode se bi
tdc, nhu vay hge sinh se biet sai de sfta
Phu am ddu "n" duge phat dra theo
phuong thftc tdc NghTa la Iudng hoi hi cdn
ttd hoan toan ttong migng rdi sau do mdi
thoat ra Bd phdn cdu dm cua "n" cung gidng
bg phdn cdu dra eua "I" Hudng ddn hgc sinh
khi phdt dra phy am ddu "n" ta can: Thdng
ludi va ddt luoi cham vdo Igi cua ham tten
sau dd b^t ludi xudng va ddy hoi thodt ra
theo dudng mui Mudn kidm tra xem da phat
ndu phat am thdy tde bode khdng the phat am dugc nghia Id da phat dm diing Neu phdt dra dugc binh thudng nghTa la hgc sinh da phdt
dm nham "n" thdnh "1"
Khi bgc sinh da nam dugc ve co che phdt dm, gido vien tien hanh luyen phdt dm cho hgc sinh Trudc hdt giao vidn phat am mdu ehuan, ydu cdu hgc sinh luyen theo, danh thdi gian cho hgc sinh Idm vide theo nhdm, cac thanh vidn ttong nhdm sua, nhan xet nhau vd ty nhan xet ban than Vi du trong
tiet day Tap dgc Idp 3, bdi "Cdu be thong minh " giao vidn phdt dm mlu tft "ldn nira"
sau do ydu cau hgc sinh phdt dm theo, hgc sinh ldra viec nhdm ddi, phdt hien ra eai sai eua b^n va sua cho nhau
Hay ttong mdt tidt bd sung Tidng Viet Idp 2, giao vidn cd thd danh thdi gian luyen phdt am cho hgc sinh bdng each dua ra mgt
loat cac tft nhu; nao nung, long lanh, lua nip, Giao vidn phdt dra mau cac tft, sau do
hgc sinh phdt dm theo Ddi vdi hgc sinh phdt
am sai, gido vidn hoac ragt hgc sinh phdt am chuan lam mdu lai vd yeu cau hgc sinh phdt
am sai luydn theo radu dd
Giao vien ciing ed the td chue thye hien bang each chia Idp thdnh cac nhdm 4 hoac nhdm 6 tuy vao tinh hinh thyc tidn cua ldp bgc Mdi nhdm cd it nhdt 1 hgc sinh phdt
dm chudn Idm ngudi phdt dm mdu, cac hgc sinh khac tidn hanh phat dm va tu sua ldi cho nhau Giao vien ddng vai tid giup dd chung cdc nhdm va nghiem thu ket qud Khi thyc hien bien phdp ndy giao vidn cdn giup hge sinh bieu ve eo che phdt dm sau dd mdi hudng ddn bgc sinh each phat am Trong qud trinh phan tich vd hudng ddn cdn thyc hidn mau dd hgc sinh de tudng tugng, ddc biet ddi vdi hgc sinh ddu cdp Khi hgc sinh luyen phat
am can tao didu kien cho hge sinh ty phat
Trang 4xet, danh gid kdt qua cua ban
2.2.2 Bienphdp phdn tich cdu tnic dm tiit
De phat am dung, can phdi xdc dinh rd
dugc khi nao diing phu dm ddu 1, phu am dau n
Nhan thftc dugc tdm quan tigng do, chiing tdi
de xuat, ap dung bien phap phdn tich cdu true
ara tidt ed chfta phy dm ddu l/n Sau khi phan
tich cho hgc sinh ve ca che phat ara ciia phu
ara dau l/n, giao vidn phdn ti'ch, hudng ddn hgc
smh vd cdu tao, kha nang ket hgp ciia phu am
dau l/n nhu sau: Kha ndng kdt hgp ciia 1 va n
tiong cdu true dra tidt cd dm dem hoac khdng
cd dra ddm: I xuat hien trong cac tieng ed am
dem (vt du: loan, loa, luydn, )/ n xudt bien
tiong ede tidng khdng cd dm dem (vi du: nan,
ndn, ) trft dm tiet noan
Am
ddu
L
N
Vdn
Am
dem
0
Am
chinh
A
A
Am cudi
N
N
Do dd, khi phan van ed 2 hay 3 nguyen
am di lien ke nhau vdi o hay u dftng trudc thi
chi cd thd sft dung phu am I: oa od oe, ud,
uy ui
Kha nang cau tao tft lay vdi ede dm tidt
bat dau bdng 1 hay n: I vd n khdng lay am vdi
nhau trong mgt tft lay, 1 ed the lay vdi nhieu
phu am (trft n), n trai lai ehi lay vdi chinh nd
md thdi, khdng lay vdi bat ki phu am ndo
khac Vi du khi day bdi tft lay d Tidng Viet 4,
giao vidn ndu nguydn tdc va cho hgc sinh tim
cac tft lay cd chfta phu am dau 1 (lung linh,
lau chau, ldng xang, lai rai, ) vd cac tft lay
cd chfta phu am dau n (no ni, ng ndn, nao
nung, nam nop ) Giao vien cd the td chftc
cho bgc sinh thi tira cae td cd chua phu dm
ddu l/n hay phdn biet phu dm dau l/n theo eac
dau l/n va thi dua xera nhdm ndo tim dugc nhidu tft hon dong thdi phat am dung cac tft minh vua tim dugc
Khi sft dung bidn phdp ndy, giao vien edn phdn tich rd rang, dua ra eac vi dy d mdi phdn phdn bidt giup bgc smh dd tudng tugng, hieu vd sft dung nhirng quy tac do linh boat
2.2.3 Luyen phdt dm theo vdn bdn
Vdi bign phdp ndy, giao vien suu tam nhftng cau ndi, bdi tha, ca dao, tue ngu ed chfta phu dra ddu l/n de gay nhdm Ian cho hgc sinh khi phat dra, cung cdp cho hgc sinh nhftng cau ndi, cau tho, ca dao, tuc ngu da suu tam duge Sau dd ydu cdu hgc sinh dgc that cham rai, phat am ehuan, ddn ddn day nhanh tdc do, tidn tdi cho cdc hgc sinh thi vdi nhau xem ban nao dgc nhanh vd dung nhat
Td chftc cho hgc sinh tu nhdn xet ket qua luyen phat am eua minh, ddng thdi nhdn xet, ddnh gia kdt qua cua ban Bien phdp nay khdng ehi giup hge sinh duge luydn phat dm thudng xuyen, lien tue ma cdn ttau ddi cho bgc sinh khd ndng cdm nhan ndi dung ciia doan van Tft dd, hgc sinh bidt each sft dung tft va didn dat mgt each chinh xac, sang tao
- Vi du nhiing bdi chi cd n:
"Cd ndng dn noi net na Ndu nu&ng, bep nue viic nhd siing nmg Nudi con nang nhgc bao ndm Nghe nong, viec nu&c diu cham han ngu&i"
"Nam nit thanh nien nuac Nam no nuc ndng cao Id nang noi dung nen khong n&i tay ndng niu, ni nang v&i nan ndy Phdi neu no ra trie mdn ng ndng ni khiin ta met ndo, nan Pi "
- Chi c o l :
"Hgc sinh nh& lay ldm ldng
Trang 5Hien lanh Id lgi, em ai!
Ldo leu lieu iTnh mgi ngu&i coi
khinh "
"Linh Le Lgi, leo len ldu, lay luai le
lau long Idnh
Linh Le Lai, leo lin ldu Idy luai le, lau
lap lodng"
- Cd cd 1 va n:
"Noi ndng nin luyen ludn ludn
L&i ndi luu lodl luyen luon lue ndy
Le ndo nao nung lung lay
Len l&p lit ldn lgi hay ndi ldm "
"Neu ndi ldm ldn ldn ndy thi lgi ndi lgi
Ndi ldm ldn ldn nira thi lgi ndi lgi Noi cho den
lite luon luon luu lodl hit ldm ldn m&i thdi "
"Lin non m&i biii non eao
Nudi eon m&i biit cdng lao Nghiem, Tie"
Khi thyc hien bien phap, giao vien can
lua chgn nhirng vdn bdn cd ndi dung phu hgp
vdi hgc sinh tidu hge Khi td chue cho hge
sinh luyen dgc edn cho hgc sinh dgc theo tdc
do tu cham rai den nhanh dan, ddra bdo tinh
chinh xdc, tianh trudng hgp hgc sinh dgc
nhanh nhung dgc sai, lap di lap l^i nhidu ldn
thanh thdi quen khd sfta
2.2.4 Bienphdp tro chai hgc tap
Ban chat cua bidn phap ttd choi bgc tap
la day hge thdng qua vide td chue boat dgng
vui choi vdo qua trinh day hgc nham muc
dich tao sy hung thu cho hgc sinh tiong gid
hgc, giup tie nhd lau va hinh thanh kidn thuc
Id nang hieu qua Dudi ddy, chung tdi thiet
kd mgt sd tid choi hgc tap nhdra mue dieh
ren phdt dm dung phy dra ddu l/n cho hgc
sinh Trudng Tidu hgc Thyc hanh:
Trd chai "77m ?iV" dugc thiet ke nhdra
ren phdt dm dung phu dm ddu l/n
- Ludt choi: Mdi thdnh vidn d mdi dgi
tim dugc cac tu cd chfta phu am dau l/n va
dugc 1 didra, tuong ftng vdi radt que tinh Ddi nao dugc nhidu que tinh ban ddi dd gianh chien thang
- Cdch tien hanh ttd choi: Giao vidn chia ldp thdnh 2 ddi, ttong do mdt dgi tim tft cd phu
am ddu 1 va mdt dgi tim tft cd phu am ddu n Mdi flidnb vien tiong ddi thay phien nhau viet cdc tft tim dugc Idn bang sau do dgc to td minh tira dugc Ndu tim dung tft va phdt dm chinh xdc dugc phep lay I que tinh ve dgi Trd chai dugc tien hanh tiong 5 phut Het thdi gian, giao vidn tdng kdt sd didm radi dgi dat dugc Cho hge sinh
ty nhdn xet dgi minh va dgi bmi
Qua vigc dp dung ttd choi vao bai hgc, giao vidn dan ddt hge sinh vua rad rdng vdn
tu vfta tira dugc cdc tft cd nghia chfta phu am ddu l/n Ddng thdi, ren cho hge sinh y thftc phat am diing phu dm ddu l/n Ddi vdi cdc hgc sinh thudng phdt dm sai phu dm nay, khi thara gia vdo trd choi, cac em se ed y thftc ren luydn dd mang Iai chien thdng cho dgi Trd choi ciing giup hgc sinh cd co hdi ty sfta ldi sai phdt dm cho nhau
Trd choi "Dodn y dong dgi": mue dieh
cua ttd choi nhdm ren cho bgc sinh phat am dung phu dm ddu l/n va phat huy dugc nang lyc lam vide nhdm cua hge sinh khi day hgc
Trd choi edn gdp phan iaa bung thii cho hgc
sinh tham gia vdo gid hgc, giup tiet hge trd nen sdi ndi, sinh ddng, hdp dan
- Luat choi: Cdc ddi Idn lugt diln td vd doan cac cym td dugc cho trudc Cac cum tft bao gdm cac tidng ehua phu am ddu I/n Cdc dgi doan dung vd phdt am dung tft/ cum tft eho trudc dugc cgng 1 diem
- Cdch tien hdnh tid choi: giao vien chia ldp thdnh 4 ddi Mdi dgi eft len 3 thanh vidn tiong do I ngudi cd nhidm vy cam td gidy ghi tft
da dugc giao vidn chudn bi sdn, mdt ngudi cd nhiem vu diln ta bdng Idi hoac bdng eft chi
Trang 6cdn lai cd nhiem vu doan Cac tiidnb vidn ludn
phien nhau tiiyc bien cac nhiem vy Cac ddi lan
lugt tiiye hien phdn choi eua mmh Ddi ndo
doan dugc nhieu td ban ddi do tbdng
Trd choi "Ai nhanh han " dugc thidt kd
nhdm ren kT nang vidt vd phat dra dung cac tu
ed phu dm ddu l/n; ddng tiidi phat huy dugc
nang lyc hgp tdc, ndng lyc ldm vide nhdm
cua hgc sinh
- Ludt choi: Cdc nhdm hoan tiianh ngi
dung gido vien da chudn bi sdn ttong td giay AO,
sau do treo ket qud len bang va tftng thanh vidn
tiiay phien nhau dgc td gidy cho ddn khi tdt ed
cac thdnh vien dgc dung Ndu 1 tiianh vidn dgc
sai lugt dgc dugc chuydn sang cho ddi ke tidp
- Caeh tidn banh tid choi: Gido vidn
chudn bi san cdc td giay AO cd ghi cac tft/cym
tft/cdu cd chfta phu dm ddu l/n Chia ldp thdnh
4 nhdra, mdi nhdm hodn tiiien td giay AO cua
nhdm minh sau do tteo ket qua len bdng, tien
hanh dgc ngi dung tiong td gidy AO, thft ty
dgc dua vdo thft ty hoan thanh td gidy AO cua
cac nhdm Thanh vien cudi cung eua nhdra
nao dgc xong va chinh xdc ndi dung td giay
AO ddu tien thi nhdm do gidnh chidn tbdng Vi
du giao vien dua ra 3 cdu:
Vl dim qua tr&i mua to en sdng nay
cdc du&ng ngap lui (Hgc sinh cdn didn phy
dm ddu n vdo chd tidng)
Ndm nay &p chung ldi chuyin en
cd hai chd tiong)
Vi tdng du&i hit phdng en chiing toi chuyin en ldng 3 hgc (Hgc sinh cdn didn
phy am ddu n d chd tidng thft nhdt vd phy dm dau 1 d chd tiong thft 2)
Trd choi "Ai nhanh hem " giup hgc sinh
dugc ren luydn phat dm dung phu am ddu l/n mgt cdch ty nhidn, tieh cue, hftng thu Ddng thdi, thdng qua vide hgc sinh phdi hoan thidn ndi dung cua td gidy AO, gido vien kheo leo rdn cho hgc sinh phdn bidt kbi nao su dung phy dra ddu 1, khi ndo sft dung phu am dau n bdng each dua ra nhiing tu/cum tft phu hgp
3 KET LUAN
Tien hanh nghien cftu bdi viet ttdn co
sd thyc trang phdt dm phu am ddu I/n cua bgc sinh Trudng Tidu hgc Thuc hdnh, ehiing tdi
de xudt, dp dyng mgt sd bi^n phdp ren va sua phdt dm dung phu am ddu l/n eho bgc sinh Trudng Tieu hgc Thye banh Cac bien phdp ndy dugc ap dung vdo ttong thyc tien day bgc Tidng Viet d Trudng Tieu hgc Thye hanh giup cae em ed hung thu hem vdi mdn hge, tich cyc ehu ddng hon tiong vide phat
am chudn, chinh xae Khi hgc sinh y thftc dugc tam quan ttgng cua vide phdt dra chuan cac em se ty tin ban khi phdt dm, hge tap, giao tidp cung nhu diln dat diing didu minh raudn ndi
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Nguydn Thi Lan Anh (2013), Sang kidn kinh nghiera "Kinh nghiim ren phdt dm chudn cho hge sinh "
2 Nguydn Dinh Cao (2009), So tay ehinh td Tiing Viet Tiiu hgc, NXB Gido due
3 Ld Phuong Nga - Dang Kim Nga (2007), Gido Pinh phuang phdp dgy hgc Tiing Viet & Tiiu hgc, NXB DHQG Ha Ngi
4 Nguydn Tri (2007), Dgy vd hgc mon Tiing Viet & Tiiu hge theo chuang trinh m&i NXB
Giao due, HaNgi
5 Hodng Vdn Thung, Dd Xuan Thao (2005), Dgy hoc chinh td & tieu hgc, NXB Gido dye