Nghien ciiu Gia d i n h va G i o i So 2 - 2 0 1 1 Mgt so van 0e xa hgi cua lao dgng giup viec gia fllnli 6 do thj liien nay Iran Thj Hong Vien Gia dinh va Gidi Tom tat: Bai viet sii
Trang 1Nghien ciiu Gia d i n h va G i o i
So 2 - 2 0 1 1
Mgt so van 0e xa hgi cua lao dgng
giup viec gia fllnli 6 do thj liien nay
Iran Thj Hong Vien Gia dinh va Gidi
Tom tat: Bai viet sii dung so'lieu dieu tra ciia nghien cUu "Danh
gia thUc trang hoat dong giup viec gia dinh 6 do thi va de xuai giai phap quan ly" nam 2008 de phan ti'ch mot so' van de xa hoi
nay smh cua loai hinh lao dong giup viec gia dinh d do thi hien nay nham lam ro nhUng bai cap ve tien lUdng, thdi gian lam viec, che do nghi phep, nghi le, trinh do chuyen mon ciia ngUdi lao dong, hoat dong cua Trung tam Gidi thieu viec lam do! vdi loai hinh lao dong giup viec gia dinh Ket qua nghien cdu cho thay viec thieu sU ky ket hdp dong lao dong v6i nhUng dieu khoan ro rang qui dinh quyen ldi va trach nhiem giiia ngUdi sii dung lao dong va ngUdi lao dgng gop phan lam nay sinh tinh trang "tha ndi" mUc lUdng tren thi trUdng lao dong, tinh trang nghi lam viec ve tham nha cua ngUdi lao dong giiip viec gia dinh Ben canh do, bai viet con de cap de'n tinh trang "bo ngo" ciia thi trUdng dao tao nghe cho lao dong giup viec gia dinh trong nUdc
va tinh trang khong dap Ung dUdc nhu cau cung cap nguon lao dong ciia cac Trung tam Gidi thieu viec lam
Tii khoa: Lao dong giup viec gia dinh; Lao dpng nU; Lao dong
va tien lUdng; Lad dSng
Trong nhdng nam qua, loai hinh lao ddng gidp viec gia dinh da ngay
cang trd nen phd bien d khu vuc thanh thi va gdp phan quan trgng trong
Trang 274 Nghien cufu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 21, so 2, tr 73-85
viec trg giup gia dinh thuc hien cac cdng vide ndi trg, cham sdc cac thanh vien gia dinh Mac du loai hinh lao ddng giup viec gia dinh da dugc de cap de'n trong Bd Luat Lao dgng (sua ddi bd sung nam 2002), song nhidu khfa canh da dang, phuc tap nay sinh trdn thtrc te ciia loai hinh lao ddng nay chua dugc tfnh ddn, dac biet la cac van dd lien quan den che do tidn lucmg, che do nghi phep, nghi Id Dua tren sd lieu dieu tra cua nghien cu'u "Danh gia thuc trang boat ddng giup viec gia dinh d dd thi va de xuai giii phap quin ly" (De tai khoa hgc cap Bd 2008-2009 do Vu Gia dinh - Bd Van hda The thao va Du lich thuc hien), bai viet phan tfeh mdt sd van dd xa hdi niy sinh cua loai hinh lao ddng giup viec gia dinh d dd thi hien nay Nghien ctai nay thu thap thdng tin bing bing hdi 300 dai dien hd sii dung lao ddng giup viec gia dinh va 300 lao ddng giup viec gia dinh d Ha ndi nam 2008
1 Vain de ve tien liTdng, thdi giati lam viec va che do nghi phep, ngh? le
Theo Bd Lual Lao ddng, van de tidn luang dugc qui dinh nhu sau: "Tidn luang cua ngudi lao ddng do hai ben thoi thuan trong hgp ddng lao ddng
va dugc tri theo nang suit lao ddng, chit lugng va hieu qui cdng viec Muc luang cua ngu'di lao ddng khdng dugc thap ban mdc luang ldi thieu
do Nha nudc quy dinh" (Didu 55) Ddi vdi lao ddng giup viec gia dinh, vao thdi diem dieu tra nam 2008, mdc thu nhap trung binh cua ngudi lao ddng la 1.100.000 ddng, mdc thap nhit la 700.000 ddng, muc cao nhit la 2.000.000 Nhu vay, mdc luang nay hoan loan dap ung yeu ciu "khdng dugc tha'p ban muc lucmg ldi thieu do nha nudc qui dinh"
Van de dat ra la vdi mdc luong nhu tren, ngudi lao dgng thay vin chua xdng dang vdi cdng sdc lao ddng ma hg bd ra, trong khi chu lao ddng lai cho ring viec tri cdng nhu the la tuang ddi cao Tim hieu nhu ciu ve mdc lien luong cua ngudi lao ddng, cd 33,3% ngudi lao ddng lua chgn nhu ciu
"cd lien luang va lien thudng phu hgp vdi cdng viec" Cdn ddi vdi chu gia dinh, hg cho ring ndu so sanh luang cua ngudi giup viec gia dinh vdi luang cua ngudi lam cdng viec khac thi luang cua lao ddng gidp viec cao hon nhieu Tren thuc te, ngoai luong, ngudi giup viec gia dinh dugc cung cap chd d, an udng hang ngay va cdn dugc thdm tidn thudng, qua cap vao nhung dip le let TLieo ket qui nghien cuu, cd 83,3% ngudi lao ddng cho
Trang 3T r a n T h i H d n g 7 5 biei dugc them lidn thudng, hay dugc cho quin ao hoac vat dung khac/ qua cap vao cac dip Id lei hoac dip vd que tham gia dinh Hiu het cic gia dinh tra ldi phdng van (97,3%) deu cho thdm lidn thudng/ quin lo hay cac vat dung khac/ qua cap vao cac dip Id tdt hay khi ngudi giup viec vd tham que
"Niiu trudc day, co ciiau nho toi tiiue caclt day 2 nam, tlii luong la 200 ngan mot thang, con gia nhu toi thue luong tra la 1 - 1,5 trieu/ thang, va an 3 bua, sinh hoat tai gia dinh, nhu the toi tinh binh quan ra ca an uong la hon 2 trieu/ thang/ ngudi, nhu vay luong rai la cao The ma toi co thang chau no dl lam cho cdng ty chuyen phat nhanh dang di thuc tap ma luong chi co 1,5 trieu/ thang, no mua xe may 20 trieu, xang chay hang ngay ma thuc tap la 6 thang Oau tien la nua thang khong c6 tien, ma xang thi chay mot ngay I<h6ng biet bao nhieu tien xang nua, dl thi di l<hap cac noi " (TLN ngudi dan, cong chiic, Cat Linh)
Vay vi sao vin dd lien luong cho lao ddng gidp viec gia dinh lai trd thanh van dd bdc xuc? Mdt trong nhung nguyen nhan la mdc tien luong dang bi chi phdi bdi nhu ciu cua thi trudng lao ddng Mdt mat, ngudi giup viec khdng ngdng ddi tang luong khi nim bit dugc nhu ciu cin ngudi lao ddng cua cac gia dinh hien nay Tinh the nay budc cic gia dinh phii chap nhan ddi hdi tang luang cua ngudi lao ddng Mat khac, ngudi su dung lao ddng cdng chu ddng tang luang de giu ngirdi lam cho gia dinh
"Con thuc te a day chung ta lam viec theo cam hiing va tra luang theo phong
trao, vi du nhu nha nay hoi nha kia la " nha ba tra nguai giup viec mpt thang bao nhieu?", nha kia bao "SOO.OOOd/ thang", the la nha ben kia lap tuc lai tra cao han, 850.000 hay 900.000 de thu hut nguai glijp viec vi dang rai can Vo tinh da day mdc luang len va xay ra canh tranh khong lanh manh, theo toi xay ra canh tranh giua nhung nguai sii dung nguai gliJp viec va nhu the gia cii doi len Bao cao cac dong chi, trudc day da tung sii dung ngudi giup viec va tra 400.000d/ thang la da rai my man rdi, ma bay gia la len den 1,5 trieu ma co khi theo toi con len nua vl
la khong co co quan nao quan ly ra mpt muc luang cu the" (TLN Can bg Cat Linh)
De dim bio cdng bing, ve nguyen tic lien luong phai dugc tri tuong xdng vdi thdi gian lao ddng, cdng viec ngudi lao ddng dim nhan Tuy nhidn, lam id thai gian lao ddng cung nhu cdng viec dim nhan cua lao ddng gidp viec gia dinh la didu khd khan Trong nghien cuii nay, de xac dinh cac cdng vice ma ngudi lao ddng giup viec gia dinh thuc hien, nhdm nghien curu da liet ke cac cdng viec sau: chuin bi bda an, di chg, trdng coi
Trang 476 Nghien ciiru Gia d i n h va Gidi Quyen 2 1 , so 2, tr 73-85
tie em, trdng coi ngudi gia dau yeu, dgn dep ve sinh nha cu'a, giat gid va cac cdng viec khac Thdng tin thu dugc cho thay cdng viec chu yeu ma ngudi lao ddng dim nhiem la: dgn dep ve sinh nha cua (91,3%), chuan bi bua an (86%), giat giu (86%), trdng coi tre em (62%), di chg (34%), trdng coi ngudi gia (20,7%) Tim hieu ky han ve sd cac cdng viec ma lao dgng gidp viec gia dinh dim nhiem, cd 76,7% ngudi lao dgng dam nhidm 3 loai cdng viec: dgn dep ve sinh nha cda, chuin bi bd'a an, giat giu Ty le ngudi lao ddng dim nhan 4 cdng viec, gdm 3 cdng viec tren va viec di chg la 30,7% Cd 18,7% ngudi lao ddng dim nhiem ci 4 cdng viec nha tren va viec trdng coi tre em Nhin chung, cdng viec ma ngudi lao ddng thudng dam nhiem hoac la cdng vide ndi trg, hoac cham sdc cac thanh vien trong gia dinh (ngudi gia Ire em) Ne'u dam nhan vide cham sdc cac thanh vien gia dinh la chfnh, ty le ngudi lao ddng phii dim nhiem them cdng viec ndi trg khdng nhidu
Ve thdi gian lam viec, hien lai Bd Lual Lao ddng quy dinh ngudi lao dgng chi lam viec tdi da 8 gid/ngay, thdi gian lam them dugc tfnh vao lam them gid va chu sd dung lao ddng phii tri luang cao cho nhu'ng gid lam them, ap dung quy dinh dd ddi vdi gidp viec gia dinh cdng cd diem bit hgp Iy vl thdi gian lao dgng lien tuc cua ngudi giup viec trong mdt ngay lit khd tfnh Ben canh dd, thuc td'hien nay cho thay dang cd rat nhidu cac hinh thdc gidp viec gia dinh khac nhau: lam viec theo ngay, theo gid, nen quin ly cac hinh thuc da dang nay cdng tuang ddi khd Thdng tin thu dugc
id nhdm lao ddng gidp viec gia dinh cho thay cd 98% ngudi lao ddng lam viec theo ngay, nghia la dim nhiem cac cdng viec dugc giao trong thdi gian 1 ngay va khdng xac dinh chfnh xac bao nhieu thdi gian lam viec trong ngay Chi cd 2% ngudi lao ddng trong miu lam vide theo gid Thtrc
te nay dat ra van dd la cin sdm cd nghidn ciiu chi tiei va quy dinh rieng ve tidn cdng, thdi gian lao ddng cho cdng viec gidp viec gia dinh dd dim bio
su cdng bing, binh ding cho mdi quan he lao ddng nay
Vd che do nghi Id, nghi phep cua lao ddng giup vide gia dinh, nhin chung ngudi lao ddng thudng nghi viec vao dip Tdt Nguyen dan Ho ft khi nghi viec vao cac ngay Id khac: Qudc khanh, 30/4, ngay Qud'c te Lao ddng, Lao ddng gidp viec gia dinh khdng cd quy djnh rd rang vd viec nghi phdp, sd ngay nghi phep Hg thudng xin nghi khi gia dinh d que cd
Trang 5T r a n Thj H d n g 7 7 viec hay vao thdi diem cay gat Tun hieu ve khoing thdi gian ngudi lao ddng nghi vd tham nha Irong qua trinh lam viec, ket qui nghien cd^i cho tha'y: cd 42,7% ngudi lao ddng cho biet khi nao cd viec la hg vd Cdn lai, tfnh trung binh, khoing 4 thang ngudi lao ddng ve tham nha 1 lin (nghia
la 1 nam lam vide, ngudi lao ddng ve tham nha 3 lin) Nhu vay, cho dd khdng cd quy dinh vd viec nghi phep nhung ngudi lao ddng gidp viec gia dinh vin dugc dim bio quydn lgi nay Van de xa hdi niy sinh khi chu lao ddng cim thay bat lgi khi khdng cd qui dinh cu the vd thai gian nghi phep cho ngudi lao ddng Cd 12% gia dinh cho biet diem hg khdng bai long la ngudi gidp vide hay tim ly do de vd nha
"Mpt nam hp ve 2, 3 lan Thang 10, 3 hang nam ve cay, gat Ngay Tet chac chan ve Ngay gl6 cung ve Co con nhd dm, cung xin ve Nhu vay, thue osin 1 nam
ve 4,5 lan nhu the thi chet gia chu Bang khong, ho lam vdi minh lien tuc 3 thang, sau do xin ve 1 tuan Nhu vay Inam ve 3 lan, mdi lan ve 1 tuan thi minh chet roi Coi nhu vay, tai ca cong viec ciia minh bi ach tac het" (PVS nam chii ho, Van Phtic, Ba Oinh)
" c6 nhung ngudi, cay cung ve, con cudi cung ve, con dm cung ve, chau dm cung ve, ba co chet cung ve Ve quanh nam Chi vua len nha toi, vua len duac 2 tuan thi con Iral cudi Cudi thi phai chuan bi chU Chuan bi tu luc dam ngo, an hdi Con cudi xong la den gl6 bd, an Tet 1 thang 10 Len duac 2 tuan thi 3, 4 tuan xin
ve nghi Phai co quy dinh, giao hen vol nhau Mot thang ve nhung dip nao can thiet Hp toan dua ra nhiing ly do khong the dUng Minh bao tru luang thi minh cung thay ngai Nhung ho khong lam ma cu duac hudng luang nhu vay thi khong xtrng dang" (TLN nguai dan, VTnh Phuc, Ba Dinh)
Viec ngirdi lao ddng thudng xuyen nghi de ve nha gay inh hudng khdng nhd tdi cudc sdng va sinh boat cua gia dinh chu nha Cu thd, nhidu trudng hgp thanh vien gia dinh phii nghi cdng viec co quan de cham sdc con nhd khi ngtrdi giup viec ve que
Tim hieu ve van dd tien luang, thdi gian lam viec, che do nghi Id, phep cua lao ddng gidp viec gia dinh cho thiy, hien lai, phin Idn quan he giua chii va ngudi gidp viec gia dinh hoan loan la quan he dan su Viec ky ket hgp ddng lao ddng vdi nhdng dieu khoin rd rang qui dinh quydn lgi va trach nhiem cua hai ben cdn ft dugc ci chu lao ddng va chfnh ngudi lao ddng quan Uim den Theo qui dinh cua Bd Luat Lao ddng, hgp ddng lao ddng la su thoi thuan gida ngudi lao ddng va ngudi su dung lao ddng vd
Trang 678 Nghien ciiru Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 21, so 2, tr 73-85
vide lam cd tra cdng, didu kien lao ddng, quydn va nghia vu cua mdi ben trong quan he lao ddng (Didu 26, Bd Luat Lao ddng) Theo Didu 29, Bd Luat Lao ddng, hgp ddng lao ddng phai cd nhdng ngi dung chu yeu sau day: cdng viec phii lam, thdi gid lam viec, thdi gid nghi ngai, tidn luang, dia diem lam viec, thdi ban hgp ddng, dieu kien vd an loan lao ddng, ve sinh lao ddng va bio hiem xa hdi ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng
Tim hieu vd tinh trang ky kei hgp ddng lao ddng cua linh vuc gidp viec gia dinh hien nay, thdng tin thu thap td ngudi lao ddng giiip viec gia dinh cho biei chi cd 42,7% ngudi lao ddng cd hgp ddng lao ddng vdi gia dinh
Ly do khdng cd hgp ddng lao ddng, ngoai Ird nhdng ngudi lua chgn ly do khac, cd 57,9% ngudi lao dgng cho bidi ci bin than va chu nha thay viec
ky hgp ddng la khdng cin thiet, 39,5% ngudi lao ddng cho biei ban than
hg tha'y khdng can thiei, chi cd 2,6% ngudi lua chgn ly do chu nha thay khdng can thiei Dd'i vdi nhdng trudng hgp cd hgp ddng lao ddng, da sd chi thda thuan vdi chu nha bing hgp ddng mieng (69,8%) Sd lao ddng cd hgp ddng bing giay td chie'm 30,2%
Thdng tin thu dugc tu ddi tugng dai dien hd gia dinh cung cho thay cd 60% gia dinh cd ky hgp ddng lao ddng vdi ngudi giup viec Tuy nhien, trong so gia dinh cd hgp ddng vdi ngudi lao ddng, 72,7% gia dinh chi ky hgp ddng mieng Cd 27,3% gia dinh ky hgp ddng bing gia'y td Ve nguydn nhan khdng ky kei hgp ddng lao ddng, cd 42% gia dinh lua chgn phuang an ci bin than va ngudi gidp viec deu tha'y khdng cin thiet, 42% gia dinh cho ring bin than hg thay khdng cin thiei Cdn lai 16% gia dinh cho rang viec khdng ky hgp ddng la do bin than ngudi giup viec thiy khdng cin thiet
VI sao ngudi lao ddng khdng tha'y cin phii ky hop ddng? "Mgi ngUdi
cdn cd hgp ddng nhung cd thi cd khong cdn Cd ndi chung Id ldm viec nhd khdng cdn phdi hgp ddng hgp diec gi sdt Ndi chung Id nd cung thodi mdi ngUdi ta luang cao thi ngudi ta cdn hgp ddng cdn minh luang thd'p thi thdi" (PVS nd lao ddng giup viec, 50 tudi)
Viec thieu hgp ddng lao ddng bing van ban vdi nhdng thda thuan cu the vd quydn lgi va trach nhiem cua ci ben ngudi su dung lao ddng va ngudi lao ddng la mdt trong nhdng nguyen nhan din den tinh trang ngudi lao dgng cd the tu y nghi viec, tu y ddi tang luang cdng nhu tinh trang
Trang 7T r a n Thi H o n g 79 ngudi su dung lao ddng tu y cho lao ddng giup viec gia dinh nghi khi khdng hai long Tinh trang cac gia dinh "lao dao" vi ngudi giup viec nghi lam sau cac ky nghi Id let ma bao chf thudng xuydn dd cap phin inh phan nao su Idng leo trong mdi quan he gida ngudi lao ddng va ngudi su dung lao ddng trong loai hinh nghd nghiep nay Thdng lin thu dugc Id thao luan
nhdm cho biet: "Id hiep hgi nhimg cdi cd dn d Idu ngdy rdi, cd td 35, 40
tudi thi thdnh mdt, lien kei vdi nhau tdng gid, chen ep chii nhd vi khdng cd hgp ddng rdng budc" (TLN ngudi su dung lao ddng, Vinh Phuc) Khdng
cd hgp ddng lao ddng cung la co hdi niy sinh cac vu viec mat an ninh trat
tu tai dia phuang
2 Lao dong thieu chuyen mon
Nhu cau ngudi lao ddng cd lay nghe trong xa hdi hien nay rat Idn Ddi sdng kinh te kha gii khien chat lugng cudc sdng cda cac thanh vien gia dinh (each cham sdc tie em, each che bien mdn an, ) ngay cang dugc coi trgng Mat khac, cic thiei bi gia dung trong gia dinh ngay cang nhidu va hien dai khien nhu ciu luydn dung ngudi lao ddng biet sd dung cac thiet
bi nay cang Idn de giim thieu thdi gian hudng din su dung cdng nhu nhdng hu hai dd dac trong qua trinh sd dung Viec khdng bidi su dung trang thiet bi trong gia dinh cd the din den hu hdng hay gay thiet hai/ tdn kem vd tidn cua cho gia chd
"Nguai lao dong trudc khi ki hpp dong lao dpng can dugc dao tao mpt each
ca ban each sir dung dd dien, nau cac mon an de nguai chti khong mat nhieu
thdi gian trong viec hudng dan, chi bao " (PVS chti hg nam, Vinh Phuc, Ba
Dinh)
" cham, giu cac chau, chai vol cac chau cung phai co ky nang hay la cham
cac cu gia thi phai biet cham lo cac cu nhu the nao? Chang han nhu the va can
phai biei ky nang giao tiep tUc la quan he vdi chu nha, viec nay rai can vi co nhieu
nguai den giup viec cho la nha chu can minh va qua la hach sach, doi hoi, dai the
la yeu cau rai cao" (TLN can bg Cat Linh)
Lao ddng giup viec gia dinh hien nay phan Idn la lao ddng phd thdng
Da sd cac Trung tam Gidi thieu lao ddng chi lam cdng viec dan thuin la tim ngudi va gidi thieu cho cac gia dinh, chu ft kiem them viec dao tao Tiong khi chdng ta cd nhung co sd dao tao nghe giup viec gia dinh phuc
vu cho thi trudng xuat khiu lao ddng thi viec dao tao nghd cho ngudi giup
Trang 880 Nghien curu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 21, so 2, tr 73-85
viec trong nudc bi bd ngd
Ket qui nghien cdu cho thay ty le ngudi lao ddng biet suf dung cac thiei
bi thdng dung trong gia dinh d dd thi khdng cao Chi cd 19,3% ngudi lao ddng biei su dung may giat; 6,7% ngudi lao ddng biei sii dung Id vi sdng
Ty Id ngudi lao ddng biet sii dung tu lanh la 32%, biet su dung bep ga la 40%, ndi cam dien la 61,3%, tivi la 82% Thdng thudng, ngudi lao ddng
se dugc chu nha hudng din sir dung khi den lam viec Tuy nhien, khdng phii ai cdng cd thd su dung thanh thao ngay Tinh trang ngudi giup viec lam hu hdng cac thiei hi nay hay hu hdng dd cua chu nha rai dd xiy ra, khien chu nha khdng hai long, inh hudng de'n quan he giua ngudi lao dgng
va chu nha Mdt sd trudng hgp, ngudi lao dgng phai bdi thudng thiet hai bing each trtr vao tien cdng
Viec ngudi lao ddng gidp viec gia dinh khdng dugc dao tao khien cho khdng ft hd gia dinh gap khd khan/ vai vi trong vide hudng din/ day ngudi lao ddng lam nhung cdng viec trong nha Cd 23,3% gia dinh cho biei hg kha vai va vdi cdng viec nay Cd 50,7% gia dinh lua chgn phuang an vai
va mdt chut Cdn lai 26% gia dinh khdng cd khd khan gl trong viec hudng din ngudi giup viec lam nhirng cdng viec trong nha
"Hudng dan nhieu chd, noi chung la phai hudng dan, , trong be thi chu yeu
la cho be an, trong be; hudng dan thi bd me chung no hudng dan cho each pha sua, each cho an, nhung co 6 sin nao ma no co con nho thi no cung tuang ddi thanh thao, co nao ma khong co chdng thi con lung tung hoac cac ba ma c6 tudi rdi thi cung liing tiing nen phai hudng dan nhu the thoi" (PVS nam chii ho, Van Phuc, Ba Dinh)
Ngay chfnh bin than ngudi lao ddng cung cim thay khd khan trong thdi gian diu lam nghd khi chua dugc dao tao tay nghd
"Gap nhieu kho khan (cudi), bdi vl la sdng a nong thon thi no khac ma len thanh phd thi no khac Cai thd nhai la minh lam sinh hoat a nha thi bep niic binh
thudng diing rom ra, the con 6 day thi bep ga bep ghiec thi bat mai khong duoc, kieu nay thi chac thoi khong lam dugc thi cd bat manh mai Day, den gio hdng ca bep ga, hdng ca bep sat ay tung ca ra" (PVS lao dpng giup viec gia dinh)
Van de dat ra hien nay la ngudi lao ddng khdng mud'n bd lidn dao lao, cdn ngudi su dung lao ddng lieu cd mud'n chi tri nhidu ban cho ngudi lao ddng dugc dao tao khdng? Gan day, ddn bit dugc nhu ciu cua xa hdi, mdt
Trang 9Tran Thi Hong 81 vai cdng ty da td chuc tuyen dung, dao tao liinh do so cap cho ngudi lao ddng lam nghd gidp viec, dao lao vd ky nang giao tiep, ky nang ung xu phd hgp vdi tdng gia dinh Cac hgc vien dugc dao tao mdt each bai ban theo chuang trinh da dugc Sd Lao ddng, Thuang binh va Xa hdi tham dinh
va dugc cap chdng chi nghe hin hoi Chfnh vl vay, ngay sau khi hoan thanh khda hgc, cac hgc vien nay da cd ngay viec lam \'di muc thu nhap xap xi 2 trieu ddng/thang Tuy nhien, khi hdi vd nhu cau dao lao chuyen mdn nghd gidp viec gia dinh, chi cd 54% ngudi lao ddng mud'n dugc dao lao mdt trong bd'n ky nang vd nghd gidp viec gia dinh ml dd tai dua ra la: each lam viec nha phd hgp vdi dac diem dia phuang cua noi se den lam viec; each su dung cac vat dung trong gia dinh; ky nang ung xu van hda, each sdng cda nai se den lam viec; quyen lgi va trach nhiem cua minh va chu nha Cdn lai 46% lao dgng hoac khdng cd nhu ciu dao tao hoac thay viec dao tao la khdng cin thiet Didu dd cho thay y thuc cua ngirdi lao ddng vd cdng viec minh dang lam, vd nhdng quyen lgi va trach nhiem lien quan den cdng viec chua cao Khdng ft ngudi lao ddng cho ring gidp viec gia dinh la cdng viec dan gian, gidng nhu cdng viec ma hg da lam td trudc de'n nay nhu lam viec nha, cham sdc con cai, ngudi gia trong gia dinh, nhung kinh nghiem dd sc gidp hg dim nhan nghd giup viec gia dinh ma khdng can thiet phii dao tao them Suy nghi nay 11 dieu lai ydu khi ma xa hdi va cac nha quan ly chua thu'c su coi giup viec gia dinh la mdt nghe trong xa hdi
Khi hdi y kidn ngu'di lao ddng vd don vi dung ra dao lao chuyen mdn cho minh, dang luu y chi cd 26,7% ngudi lao ddng mudn co quan nha nudc quin ly ve lao ddng, viec lam la don vi dao lao chuyen mdn cho minh Cd 16,7% ngudi lao dgng lua chgn chinh quyen dia phuang noi sinh sdng la don vi dao tao Phin Idn ngudi lao ddng (68,7%) mudn ngudi chiu trach nhiem dao tao chuyen mdn la chu nha (ngudi sd dung lao ddng) Didu nay dugc ly giii bdi thuc te trong nhidu nam qua loai hinh lao ddng gidp viec gia dinh tdn tai tu phit trong xa hdi do nhu ciu cda cac gia dinh thanh thi
3 Hoat dong thieu chat lu^ong cua Trung tam Gidi thieu viec lam
Hien nay phin Idn cac gia dinh tim ngudi gidp viec cdng nhu ngudi lao dgng tim vice chu ydu thdng qua mang ludi xa hdi (hg hang, ban be, ngudi
Trang 1082 Nghien cUu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 2 1 , so 2, tr 73-85
quen) Ty Id gia dinh thud ngu'di gidp viec qua Trung tam Gidi thieu vide lam khdng nhidu (15,3%) Ty le ngtrdi lao dgng tim vide qua Trung tam Gidi thieu vice lam cdng chi chie'm 12,7% cho thay vai trd cua cac Trung lam mdi gidi viec lam trong hnh vuc nghd nay cdn ban chd Nguyen nhan nao din de'n tinh trang nay? Thdng lin thu dugc td phdng van sau va thao luan nhdm cho thiy hien cd khdng ft Trung tam hoat ddng vdi muc tieu hang diu la lgi nhuan Van dd dim bio chit lugng lao ddng dtrgc ft Trung tam chd y de'n Thdng thudng, cac Trung tam boat ddng dua tren hai ngudn thu chfnh: td gia dinh cin ngudi giup viec va tu ngudi giup viec Theo ket qua didu tra, trung binh ngudi lao ddng phii tri cho Trung tam khoin phf mdi gidi cdng viec la 460.000 ddng (mu'c thap nhit la 250.000 ddng, mdc cao nhai la 800.000 ddng) Trung binh gia dinh tim ngu'di giup viec se phii tri cho Trung tam mdt khoin le phf tu 300.000 - 500.000 ddng/lin tim ngudi gidp viec u'ng y Vdi khoin le phf nay, sau mgt thdi gian dang ky lai Trung lam, gia dinh se dugc cung irng ngudi lao ddng Tuy nhien, khi nang ngu'di lao ddng cd dap irng dugc nhu ciu cua gia dinh hay khdng ft dugc Trung tarn chu y de'n Dd la ly do khien nhidu gia dinh phii thay ngu'di gidp viec lien luc Tim dtrgc ngudi giup viec ung y la mong mud'n chung cua cac gia dinh cd nhu ciu sd dung lao ddng giup viec gia dinh song viec dat dugc mong mud'n nay khdng phai la didu de
" Cai Trung tam dich vu viec lam trudc ciia em cung the, em cii den em ngdi
vf du cu thay may ba a que len, may co, may bac a que len ma co nguoi den lay
la hp cho dl luon khong can dao tao gi ca xong ve chu hp cd keu ca ay rang la co nay ve khong biet lam cai gi thanh ra ay em chang biet cai Trung tam ay bay gia
CO tdn tai hay khong, no cu toan the thoi tiic la toan mudn lay tien cua ngudi ta thoi, xong la thoi nhu kieu la ru bd trach nhiem ay" (PVS, nu giup viec gia dinh, 21 tudi, VTnh Phiic)
Cac Trung tam Gidi thieu viec lam cung khdng dap ting dugc ydu ciu dam bio vd nhan than cua ngudi lao ddng Khi dugc hdi ve van dd bio dim
an loan cho khach hang, nhan vien cua mgt cdng ly gidi thieu vide lam cho
biei: "Cluing tdi khdng the ddm bdo dugc rang nhung ngudi giiip viec ndy
cd tin cdy hay khdng Bdi Trung tdm cung clii nhdn dugc mdi gid'y cliitng minh thu vd Id khai bdo tgm tin tgm vdng ciia ho, ngodi ra khdng cd ho sc/ hay mgt thd gidy td ndo khde ed Neu mudn an tdm thi chi can cdch ve tdn dia phu'o'ng nai hg sinh sding de xdc minh" (trich Id Vietnamnet, ngay