Cai b i t thUdng va thach thdc cua tinh huding nay dUdi con mat cua dng d6 la: 1 sii thay ddi ngudn cung cua thi trUdng lao dpng lien quan tdi sii gia tang cua nhdng ngUdi ngoai dp tuoi
Trang 1LAO DONG TRI THU'C TRONG XA HOI TRI THLTC
VA MOT VAI SUY NGHI VE VAN DE CUA VIET NAM
LUVMINHVAN^'
Mo hinh vd nguon lUc luon la van di Idn doi vdi sU phdt trien cua cdc quo'c gia, cdc ddn tgc Trong gdn ba thap ky doi mdi, Viet Nam dd co nhiing thay ddi Idn lao tren cdc mat, ddc biet Id kinh te, nhiing bdi todn phdt trien cua Viet Nam cdng dang ddi mat vdi nhiing thdch thdc Idn: chuyen tir chien iMc phdt trien theo chiiu rgng sang chien iMc phdt trien theo chiiu sdu de co the "bdt kip" sii phdt trien cua nhom niidc phdt trien Vi vay viec nhan dang ddc diem cua xd hgi tri thUc, - xd hgi md cdc niidc phdt trien qud do bi/dc vdo, la viec cdn thiet de thi/c hien "chien lUdc bdt kip" d nitdc ta Bdi viet ndy gioi thieu cdch nhin vi xd hot tri thiic cua Peter F Drucker, • ong dUdc coi Id mgt trong hai tdc gid ddt nin mong cho ly luan vi xd hgi tri thiic, vdi hy vgng co the cung cap mgt dS lieu de suy nghl ve nhiing van di dang ddt ra cho sii phdt trien cua Viet Nam hien nay
I Xa h6l tri thufc vd nen kinh te tri thuc, lao dong
tri thuc qua cdi nhin ciia Peter F Drucker**'
1 Xd hgi tri thiCc vd nin kinh te tri
thiic
"Xa hpi t r i thdc", "xa hpi h a u cong
nghiep" h a y "xa hpi h a u h i e n dai" la
n h d n g k h a i niem thUdng gap, nhUng lai
'"'Peter F Drucker (1909-2005) la nha nghien
ciiu, nha van, nha giao, nha tu van Hdn 30 cuon
sach da xua't ban cua ong de cap den nhQng chu
de rat rong ve xa hoi hoc, chinh tri hoc, kinh te
hoc, khoa hoc quan ly, giao due hoc Ong diidc
danh gia la nha tUdng lai hoc uy tin nha't tren
the gi6i Nhiing cong trinh nghien ciiu ciia ong
luon gianh dUdc svi chu y nghiem tiic cua du cac
thanh phan rpng rai - cac chinh tri gia, nha
hoach dinh chinh sach, nha quan ly (d cac niJ6c
phat trien) v i bat cii ai muon tim hieu ve xa hoi
tri thiic (xa hoi hau hien dai), cai xa hpi ma
chung ta biet rd't it ve no, va khac can ban v6i
nhiing kinh nghiem, hieu biet chung ta dang co
k h a m u md N h d n g n g h i e n edu cua P
F D r u c k e r ve xa hpi t r i t h d c chu yeu
x u i t p h a t tii n h d n g t h a c h t h d c m a cac nUde p h a t t r i e n d a n g do'i m a t Tuy nhien, dieu do k h d n g p h a i k h o n g cd y
n g h i a doi vdi n h d n g nUde d a n g p h d t trien, t r o n g do cd Viet N a m , bdi q u a
t r i n h t o a n c i u hda h i e n n a y d a n g bupe
t a t ca cac nUdc vao mpt cupc chdi c h u n g , bupe c h d n g t a p h a i tim cdch thich d n g vdi no, n e u k h d n g "chac c h d n se bi t u t
h a u va cd t h e se k h d n g bao gid dudi kip dUdc t h i e n ha"
Xa hpi tri t h d c (hay xa hpi mdi
-t h u a -t n g d D r u c k e r -thUdng dung) se nhU
''TS Triet hpc, Giang vien trUdng Dai hpc Khoa hpc xa hpi va Nhan van, Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi nvminhvan@yahoo.com
Trang 2the nao? Cau tra ldi cua dng khong phai
c! mpt dinh nghia, ma la sii phac hpa
mpt so' dUdng net can ban da xua't hien
cua no va bupe chdng ta phai nhin vdi
con mat mdi
Thii nhat, bien dpng dan so^ hpc - sii
bien doi nghich chieu ve cd ca'u dan cU:
sii tang nhanh dan cU cao tuoi va giam
nhanh cua dan cU Ida tuoi thanh nien
Cai b i t thUdng va thach thdc cua tinh
huding nay dUdi con mat cua dng d6 la:
(1) sii thay ddi ngudn cung cua thi
trUdng lao dpng lien quan tdi sii gia
tang cua nhdng ngUdi ngoai dp tuoi lao
dpng theo quy dinh se thdch thiic triic
tiep nhdng cam ket cua cac nha chinh
tri (ldi hda ve "gid nguyen he tho'ng hUu
trf) va cua cac nha quan ly (mo hinh
quan ly lao dpng hien tai vdn diia can
ban tren quan niem cu: lao dpng phai
lam toan bp thdi gian cho td chdc, trong
khi do se gia tang so' ngUdi tren tuoi lao
dpng quy dinh tham gia lam viec vdi
hinh thdc bdn thdi gian, lam tam thdi);
(2) sU giam ty trpng cua bp phan lao
dpng tre se bupe cdc chinh phu doi mat
vdi hang loat nhdng thach thdc: chinh
tri - sii gia tang cua ddn nhap cU se
dung cham tdi nhdng lien ket chinh tri
truyen tho'ng; kinh te - tinh ddng nha't
cua thi trUdng lao dpng khong cdn do
thanh nien quyet dinh, ma la t i n g Idp
trung nien; quan ly - nguyen tac quan
ly toan bp thdi gian khong cdn thich
hdp, v.v
Thii hai, tri thdc - yeu to' quyet
dinh xa hpi mdi Trong xa hpi tUdng lai,
tri thdc se trd thanh ngudn liic edt yeu
chi phd^i nen kinh te, ti trong lao dgng
tri thiic se chiem liu the'*' Lien quan
''' Tli thap nien cuoi the ky XX, cl cac nxidc phat
trien, lao dpng tri thilc chiem khoang 1/3 lUc
den nhdng bien sd nay, dng nhan manh
4 diem sau ddy: 1) do se la xa hpi
"khong bien gidi bdi vi tri thdc co the chuyen td chd np sang chd kia nhanh hdn tien bac"; 2) "cd hpi thang tien la cua mpi ngUdi nhd viec dl dang hpc tap chinh quy"; 3) kha nang thanh cong va that bai cua mpi ngUdi la "ngang nhau" vi "moi ngUdi deu co 'cong cu san xuat' la tri thdc cho cdng viec, nhUng khong phai mpi ngUdi deu r6 the chien thing"; 4) sii ket hdp cda nhdng dae diem tren lam cho xa
hpi tri thdc trd nen co tinh cg.nh tranh
rat cao doi vdi ca nhan vd td chdc
Thi^ ba, nen kinh te tri thdc ve ban
chat gan vdi quan tinh toan cau hoa, nhdng diem nhan c i n lUu y d ddy la: 1) dae diem chi phoi cua qua trinh chuyen sang nen kinh te todn c i u la tinh khong han che cua boat dpng thUdng mai, diu
tu nhd kha nang di chuyen nhanh cua
tu ban, dieu nay tren thiic te dang Id yeu to' thay ddi ban chat cua nen kinh te the gidi; 2) "dp t r i " hay sii khdng tUdng ddng trong chinh tri va van hda vdi xu the toan c i u hda kinh te dang lam bien dang qua trinh nay Ong xem dieu dd Id nhdng tien le xau ddi vdi sii chpn Ipc, thich dng cua cac quo^c gia, cua con ngUdi Vi du dien hinh cho dieu dd la viec cac chinh phu co xu hUdng sd dung
xu hudng bao hp mdi de do'i phd vdi nhdng bien dpng kinh te, xa hpi nhU Id thupc tinh tat yeu cua toan c i u hda
Tha tli, sii xuat hien va gia tang vai
tro cua cac td chdc phi ldi nhuan va tii thien ben canh nhdng td chdc truyen thd'ng nhu nhd nUdc (khu viic cdng), td
lUdng lao dpng toan xa hpi, trong khi nhiing thanh phan cua ca'u true lao dpng truyen tho'ng nhu nong dan va cong nhan co xanh ngay eang
giam ve so liidng \k vai tro
Trang 3Lao ddng tri thurc trong 19
chdc kinh te (khu viic tU nhan) la sii
tich hdp mdi dam bao cho xa hpi cd the
thich dng vdi nhdng bien ddi thUdng
xuyen, vdi nhdng thach thdc ngay eang
tang ddi vdi cdc ca nhan va xa hpi trong
xa hpi hien dai
Thii ndm, cac cong ty se ngay eang
la nhan td^ quyet dinh eua xa hpi tUdng
lai Nhdng thay ddi vi the cua cdc cong
ty, trUde het Id d cac cdng ty da qude gia
gin lien vdi nhdng thay ddi chdc ndng
cua chung Dd la, 1) sii gia tang eua
''kiem sodt chien lUdc" thay cho "kiem
sodt sd hHu" va 2) "xu hUdng lien minh,
lien doanh, thoa thuan" vdi tU each la
XU hudng chu dao ddng nghia vdi sii gia
tang cua tinh b i t dinh Dieu nay dang
tao ra nhieu thach thdc khdng chi vdi
cac chinh phu
Td mpt so' phac hpa tren, du chUa
phai la t i t ca nhdng ndt dae diem ve xa
hpi tri thdc, nhUng nhdng canh bao do
cua Drucker ve nhan thdc, tdm the va
sii ehuan bi cua chdng ta khi ddi mat
vdi qua trinh nay la r i t dang chu y
Cam nhan chung cua dng la "lo au va
bat an" Cd the tdm t i t nhdng canh bdo
chinh, ong gpi la " t i n h t r e " cua xa hpi
hien tai nhU sau: 1) xa hpi tri thdc, xa
hpi hau hien dai dang rat g i n chung ta,
nhUng nhdng thach thdc cua chung
chUa lp rd Tuy nhien dieu co the k h i n g
dinh, theo dng, dd la "Chung ta dang
song trong thdi ky qua dp sau sic vdi
nhdng thay ddi cd the cdn cUc doan
hdn nhdng bien ddi trUdc day"; 2) ve
nhan thdc, dng cho r i n g chung ta biet
qua it ve nhdng bien ddi dang den trong
xa hpi tri thdc, ve can ban chung ta van
nhin nd b i n g nhdng kinh nghiem va
hieu biet cu, noi mpt each ddn gian thi
hieu biit lac hau dang la nguyen
nhan khdng the khdng chu y; 3) ve tam
the, noi chung, theo dng loai ngUdi ehUa thiic sii c h u i n hi ddn nhan nhdng thach thdc cua sii thay ddi; 4) tinh tre ve td chdc bieu hien d chd cac nha quan ly, chinh tri gia, cdc nha hoach dinh chinh sach cua cac qud'c gia va cac td chdc tii kinh te, chinh tri, xa hpi, giao due chUa thiic sii chuyen bien de thich dng vdi nhdng thay ddi
2 Khdi niem lao dgng tri thiic (hay nguon liic tri thiic)
(1) Vdi cau hoi dpng liic quyet dinh phat trien cua xa hpi tri thdc la gi? Cau tra ldi cua dng la nhan td con ngUdi Menh de nay, theo dng, khdng he mdi trong lich sd nhan thdc cua nhan loai, it
ra la td niia eudi the ky XX NhUng vdn
di Id d cho chi trong xd hgi tri thvic, trong nin kinh te tri thiic, cdi siic manh ciia con ngudi: bo n a o , t r i thdfc va n a n g l\ic s a n g t a o mdi thiic sii Id nhan td quyet dinh qua trinh lam ra cua cai
(nhan td dpng liic cua xa hpi cong nghiep thupc ve may mdc, cua xa hpi ndng nghiep thupe ve lao dpng chdn tay)
(2) Tiep can ngudn liic eon ngUdi tii :ai nhin so sanh ve cd cau va vai trd cua lao dpng tri tue va lao dpng chan tay (lao dpng lam ra va chuyen dich do vdt), dng n h i n manh:
- Nen kinh te tri thdc dat hai loai lao dpng nay triidc nhdng thach thdc: nhdng ngUdi cd trinh dp, cd tri thdc thi xa hpi tri thdc "la the gidi cua nhdng cd hpi", cdn vdi nhdng ngUdi khong cd trinh dp va tri thdc thi tUdng lai hien hdu vdi hp la
t h i t nghiep, ddi ngheo vd t h i t vpng
- O cac nUdc phdt trien, tdc la nhdng ndi dang qua dp sang nen kinh te tri thdc, viln canh cua lao dpng chan tay dUdc dng hinh dung tren nhdng n6t
chinh sau day: thii nhdt, giam manh ve
Trang 4ty trpng trong cd cau ngudn liic lao
dpng, ong dli bao trong tUdng lai khdng
xa se chi chiem 1% tdng sdlao dpng; thUc
hai, cupc cdch mang ve nang sua't lao
dpng chan tay da qua di, vi the vai trd
cua loai hinh lao dpng nay ddi vdi sii
giau CO cua xa hpi ngay eang giam; thii
ha, lao dpng chan tay se tdn tai dUdi
hinh thai mdi — sii ket hdp lao dpng
chdn tay va lao dpng tri tue eua nhdng
chuyen vien, ky thuat vien; thU tU,
trong nen kinh te tri thdc, lao dpng tri
thdc va dich vu la liic lUdng chu dao
(3) Nhdng dae diem cd ban cua lao
dpng tri thdc dUdc Drucker hinh dung
nhu sau: 1/ NgUdi lao dpng tri thdc la
ngudn liic lao dpng dUdc hinh thanh qua
he thdiig giao d u e c h i n h quy, vi vay
giao due vdi nen tang cua nd la he thd'ng
trUdng hpc Id trung tam cua xa hpi tri
thdc; 2/ Liic lUdng lao dpng trong xa hpi
tri thdc (trong nen kinh te tri thdc) Id
nhdng ngUdi dUdc chuyen mon hoa r i t
cao; 3/ Nhom la ddn vi lam viec Ham
nghia cua luan diem ndy la c h i t lUdng
lao dpng va hieu qua lao dpng cua ngUdi
lao dpng tri thdc phu thupc vdo sii lien
ket cua nd vdi mpt to chdc; 4/ NgUdi lao
dpng tri thdc trong xa hpi tri thdc la
ngUdi sd hdu "cong cu san xuit" (tri
thdc, ky nang), dieu nay lam cho nd
khdc ve can ban vdi loai hinh lao dpng
lam cdng trUde dd va cung ddi hdi mo
hinh td chdc va quan ly hodn toan khac
ve ban chit; 5/ Nhdng nhan to' quyet
dinh nang sua't lao dpng tri thdc, - v i n
de hien nay du vdn cdn kha mu md ve ly
thuyet va thiic tien, nhUng co the hinh
dung ve dai the, dd Id: Tinh ro rang cua
muc dich vd nhiem vu dUdc giao (vdi
cdng nhan co xanh, van de la lam the
nao); Phai tao moi trUdng dam bao tinh
tu tri cao cua ngUdi lao dpng: tii chiu
trach nhiem ve nang s u i t va tii quan ly ban than; Ddi mdi lien tue la nhiem vu
vd trach nhiem cua lao dpng tri thdc, de thiic hien dieu dd hp phai cd dieu kien
va kha ndng hpc tap sudt ddi; Tieu chi danh gia nang s u i t lao dpng tri thdc chuyen dich td can cd vdo sd lUdng sang
c h i t lUdng
(4) Chung ta phai lam gi de phat huy ngudn lao dpng tri tue, de thich dng vdi nhdng bien ddi? Khong di qua sdu vao nhdng bien luan trdu tUdng ve con ngUdi - dd la dae diem nhdng thao luan cua Drucker ve v i n de nay Dich den cua ong la nhdng hanh dpng thiic te, cu the dng nhan manh:
Thii nhdt, liia chpn the manh, dng
cho day Id dieu r a t quan trpng vi trong
xa hpi tri thdc ngUdi ta chi cd the thdnh cdng khi biet diem manh, phat huy diem manh cua minh va ddng lang phi sdc liic vao nhdng linh viic ma hp kem nang liic
Thii hai, hpe tap suo't ddi: ddi vdi ca
nhan no lien quan den nang liic, thai dp
va tam the; doi vdi xa hpi la sii thiet Idp moi trUdng thuan ldi eho hpc sudt ddi cua mpi ngUdi ddn
Thii ha, tinh tUdng thich gida gia tri
ban thdn va gia tri td chdc
Tren day la mpt vai net khai lUdc td nhdng phdt bieu cua Drucker lien quan den chu de thao ludn tren, nhieu dieu cd the con ban cai, nhUng chi it cd the tiep nhan no nhU nhdng dd lieu de suy nghi
Do la sii Ilia chpn cua chung tdi
II Vdl suy nghl vfi' xdy difng, phdt huy nguO'n luc tri tue (lao ddng tri thuc) d Viet Nam hien nay
Chua cd dieu kien de cd the phan tich, khdi quat sau dae diem ciia ngudn liic tri tue Viet Nam, trong bdi viet
Trang 5Lao ddng tri thirc trong 21
chung tdi sd dung nhdng tdng ket cua
mpt so' chuyen gia nghien edu ve linh
viic nay vdi tU cdch la nhdng diem tiia
ban d i u cho nhdng suy ngim ve nhdng
dieu kien phat huy ngudn liic lao dpng
nay d nUde ta hien nay
(1) Chieu canh lich sd ddn tpc
chdng minh r i n g : de tdn tai dUdc trong
sii nghiet nga cua hpa xam ldng thUdng
triic va dieu kien tii nhien khac nghiet,
viec sd dung nhdn tai va phat huy sdc
manh tri tue cua ngUdi ddn ludn la
dpng liic can ban cua nhdng thanh cdng
trong bao ve va kien thiet d i t nUdc Ndi
dieu nay chung toi ham y r i n g ngUdi
Viet khong thieu sii thdng minh, sdng
tao va sii c i n cu, vay van de dat ra
chinh la lam the nao de phat trien va
phat huy nd
(2) Xuit phat tii dinh dang tri tue la
hdp thdnh td nhdng thanh to' can ban la
n a o t r a n g , t r i thdfc va n a n g \\ic s a n g
tao, chung toi cho rang nhdng cd ging
md ta dae diem tri tue Viet Nam phai
hudng vao ldm rd nhdng yeu to' ndi tren
Nha sd hpc, nha van hda Dao Duy Anh
td nda d i u the ky trUdc cd nhan xet ve
tri tue ngUdi Viet nhU sau: "Ve tinh c h i t
tinh t h i n thi ngUdi Viet Nam dai khai
thdng minh, nhUng xUa nay t h i y it
ngUdi cd tri tue ldi lac phi thUdng Sdc
ky dc thi phat dat lam, md giau tri nghe
thuat hdn tri khoa hpc, giau triic giac
hdn luan ly Phan nhieu cd tinh ham
hpc, song thich van chUdng phu hoa hdn
la thiic hpc, thich thanh sao va hinh
thdc hdn la tU tudng hoat dpng Nao
tudng tUdng hi nao thiic t i i n hda hoan
bdt nen ddn tpc Viet Nam it ngUdi mpng
tudng, ma phan doan thUdng c6 ve thiet
thiic lim Tinh khi ciing hdi nong ndi,
khdng ben chi, hay t h i t vpng, hay khoe
khoang trang hodng be ngoai, Ua hU
danh ThUdng thi nhdt nhat va ehupng hda binh, song ngp sii thi cung biet hy sinh vi dai nghia Nao sang tdc thi it, nhUng ma b i t chudc, thich dng va dung hda thi r i t tai NgUdi Viet Nam lai r i t trpng le giao, song cung co nao tinh vat, hay bai bac che nhao Dd la lUdc ke nhdng tinh chit tinh t h i n phd thong nhat cua ngUdi Viet Nam, cung ed nguyen lai td thUdng cd ma cd thay ddi chut it, cung cd do lich sd va trang thai
xa hpi bun due d i n thanh, nen ddng xem nhdng tinh chat i y la b i t di b i t dich" (xem: 15)
Nhan dien dae diem tri tue ngUdi Viet Nam cua hpc gia Dao Duy Anh cd the khong con dung hoan toan vdi thdi nay, nd hdi mpt chut u am, nhUng nhdng nhdn xet cua dng qua dang nghi, khi chung ta dang bUdc vdo mpt the gidi toan ciu hda
(3) Khai niem ngudn liic tri tue r i t rpng ve npi ham va phdn loai, vi vay trong pham vi bdi viet nay, chdng tdi khu biet ve khai niem "lao dpng tri thdc" ma Petei: F Drucker xdc dinh la loai lao dpng ddng vai trd quan trpng bac n h i t tao ra cua cai trong ky nguyen hdu hien dai (ve xa hpi cdn gpi la xa hpi tri thdc, ve kinh te gpi la nen kinh te tri thdc) Va them nda trong lao dpng tri tue thi bp phan quan trpng n h i t la
"nhan tai" Nhdng nUdc ngheo neu thiic
sU mudn thoat ngheo phai tim each de
thu hut, tao diing va quan trpng hdn la khai thac dUdc ngudn liic lao dpng nay Theo chung tdi nhdng dieu sau ddy cd the tinh tdi:
TrUdc het, c i n tao diing mdi trUdng lam viec phu hdp Do Id yeu ciu vda c6 the thiic hien din, thiic hien dUdc vd phai thiic hien ngay ca khi chdng ta
Trang 6chUa thiic sii bUde vao "xa hdi tri thdc"
vdi sii no liic eua Chinh phu va cua xa
hpi Thiic te sii phdt trien ciia cac nUdc
ngheo va cua chinh nUde ta chdng minh
r i n g "moi trUdng lam viec tdi te" la
nguyen nhan quan trpng bac n h i t khien
cac nUdc nay dang mat dan di nhdng
ngUdi tai nang va ngudn liic lao dpng
chat lUdng cao cua minh, tdc la ngudn
liic lao dpng dUdc dao tao chinh quy
Hien tUdng ddng chay "chat xam" di ra
khoi khu viic nha nUdc sang khu viic tU
nhan va di chuyen ra nUdc ngoai d nUdc
ta la minh chdng va dieu tUdng tii cung
kha phd bien d cae nUde the gidi thd ba
O dd yeu to' mdi trUdng ldm viec khdng
khuyen khich ngUdi lao dpng (triet tieu
dpng cd) ludn la nguyen nhan dUde canh
bao hang diu
Mdi trUdng lam viec phu hdp vdi lao
dpng tri thdc c i n tao diing la gi? Nhieu
nghien edu xa hpi hpc vd nghien edu ly
thuyet chi ra rang, chi it no phai hUdng
den khuyen khich, tao diing nhdng
p h i m chit sau day d ngUdi lao dpng:
tinh dpe dao, tinh sdng tao, tinh dpe lap
va tinh- t h i n phe phan Tuy nhien, ve
nguyen ly nhdng diem ndi tren khong
khd chip nhan, nhUng trong mdi trUdng
the che, van hda - xa hpi cu the do lai la
nhdng menh de khdng phai ldc ndo
cung de dUdc chip nhdn; Thiic hien cai
each chinh sach de bat, dai ngp theo
nguyen t i c diia vao tai nang, vdo ket
qua lao dpng Chang ban, d nUdc ta viec
duy tri lau he thd'ng lUdng diia tren
nguyen t i c tham nien, khdng phan anh
dung gia tri lao dpng da to ra ldi thdi,
dang triet tieu dpng liic cong hien cua
ngUdi lao dpng
Tiep den, neu chung ta thiic sii thda
nhan ludn de "lao dpng tri thdc" Id
ngudn liic can ban va quan trpng nhat
cua sii giau cd, sii phat trien cua xa hdi Viet Nam da md, hda nhap vdi the gidi, thi sii cham t r i va kem hieu qua de
"lam mdi" he thdng giao due qude dan la sii "vd trach nhiem" ddi vdi tUdng lai Cdch nhin ve "Lao dpng tri thdc" cua Drucker dUdc de cap den d p h i n tren c6 the la gdi y khong qua xa vdi cho sii dinh dang muc tieu, npi dung va gid tri cua cai each giao due
Cuoi cung, trong qua trinh toan ciu hda, hien tUdng "di eU" eua cdc ngudn liic lao dpng tren pham vi toan ciu la hien tUdng khach quan He qua cua qua trinh di cU nay ddi vdi mpt so' nUde la sii suy giam ngudn nhan liic c h i t lUdng cao (nhit la vdi ede nUdc ngheo), nhUng cung chinh trong toan c i u hda, hpi nhap qud'c te sau lai la dieu kien thu hut nhan tai b i n g chinh cd hpi viec lam tot Nghia la du cdc yeu to' gid chan nhan tai CO dUdc cai thien nhUng khong the chim ddt, d day v i n de dat ra Id cac chinh phu c i n cd chinh sach tot duy tri quan he va khai thac tiem nang cua nhdng ngUdi ra di Trong nhdng thdp ky vda qua da cd khdng it qud'c gia, td chdc quoc te da khd thanh cdng trong giai quyet van de nay
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Peter F Drucker Nhdng thach thdc cua quan ly trong the ky XXI H.: Tre, 2003, 298tr
2 Peter F Drucker Ban ve Xa hpi tri thdc, quan ly, kinh doanh, xa hpi va nha nude Nguyin Quang A tuyen chpn va dich
3 Nicole Gnesotto & Giovanni Grevi The gidi ndm 2025 H.: Tri thdc,
2008, 350tr
(xem tiep trang 8)
Trang 78
cong trinh sU gioi Muo'n vay, cap lanh
dao, quan ly phai lam to't cong tac can
bp Bli vi, nhu Ho Chi Minh ndi: "Can
bp la cai goc eiia mpi cong viec Vi vay,
van de can bp la mpt van de rat trpng
yeu, rat can kip" (1, tr.269, 274)
Hien nay, toan Dang dang trong
qua trinh to chdc dai hpi dang cac cap
de tien tdi Dai hpi dai bieu toan quoc
cua Dang lan thii XL Nhan dan dang
chd mong Dai hpi Dang sang suo't liia
chpn dUdc nhieu can bp tot de cung
nhan dan ganh vac cong viec ciia da't
nUdc Dai bieu dii Dai hpi Dang hay bo
phieu bau cap uy cho nhiing can bp cd
du tai, du ddc va khong bo phieu cho
nhiing phan tii thieu dCfc, thieu tai,
nhUng Cd hpi, ciing la mpt sii liia chpn
Thong tin Khoa hoc xa hoi sd 8.2010 cong tam, sang suo't, tuy day la mpt sii Ilia chpn kho khan
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Ho Chi Minh: toan tap Tap 5 H.: Chinh tri Qude gia, 1995
2 Ddc Vudng Ho Chi Minh dao tao can bp va trpng dung nhan tai H.: Chinh tri quo'c gia, 2010
3 Nien giam tho'ng ke nam 2008 H.: Thdng ke, 2009
4 So' lieu cua Bp Giao due va Dao tao
http:/ /www.edu.gov.vn
5 Bao cao Tong hdp ket qua nghien edu cua De tai cap nha nU6c da nghiem thu: "Xay diing dpi ngii tri thdc Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2020" (Mas6':KX.04.16/06-10)
(Tiep theo trang 22)
4 Pham Minh Hae (chu bien) Giao
due the gidi di vao the ky XXI H.:
Chinh tri qude gia, 2002, 576tr
5 Nhieu tac gia Ve tri thdc Nga (La
Thanh - Pham Nguyen TrUdng dich)
H.: Tri thdc, 2009, 388tr
6 Nhieu tac gia Tu duy lai tUdng lai
H.: Tre, 2005, 422tr
7 Joachim Matthes (Bai giang) Mpt so'
va'n de ly luan va phUdng phap
nghien edu con ngUdi va xa hpi H.:
Ha Npi, 1994
8 Edgar Morin Trai dat - To quo'c
chung Tuyen ngon cho thien nien ky
mdi H.: Khoa hpc xa hpi, 2002,
433tr
9 Geoger F McLean, Pham Minh Hae
(chu bien) Con ngUdi, dan tpc va cac
nen van hoa: Chung so^ng trong thdi
dai toan c l u hoa H.: Chinh tri quoc gia, 2007, 344tr
10 Lester C Thurow Lam giau trong nen kinh te tri thiic H.: Tre, 2003, 359tr
11 Bruno Palier, Louis - Charles Viossat (chu bien) Chinh sach xa hpi
va qua trinh toan cau hda H.: Chinh tri quoc gia, 2003, 287tr
12 Ho Sl Quy Con ngUdi va phat trien con ngUdi H.: Giao due, 2007, 300tr
13 Ansel M Sharp, Kinh te hpc trong cac van de xa hpi H.: Lao dong,
2005, 224 tr
14 Uy ban Khoa hpc, cong nghe va moi trUdng cua Qude hpi khoa X Giao due hudng den t h e k y XXI H.: Chinh tri quo'c gia, 1998
15 Dao Duy Anh Viet Nam van hoa sd cUdng Sai Gon: Bdn phUdng, 1951