De giai quyet vice lam cho ngudi lao dong, trong thdi gian tdi huyen can tap trung giai quyet cac van de ve chuyen dich co cau cay trong hop ly va tang dien tich gieo liong: phat trien c
Trang 1Ngo Xuan H Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 75(13): 19-28
.MOT SO VAN DE VE LAO DONG VA VIEC LAM TRONG KHU VIJC NONG THON HUYEN PHU LUONG, TINH THAI NGUYEN
Ngo Xuan Hoang
Truang Cao dang Kinh le -Ky ihuat Dll Thai \guyen
TOM T A T
Huyen Phii Luong nam 6 phia Bac ciia tinh Thai Nguyen co tdi 85% dan so sinh song va lam viec trong ITnh vuc san xuat nong nghiep va nong nghiep nong thon Kinh te phat trien cham tinh trang that nghiep con nhieu Vi vay van de giai quyet viec lam, nang cao ddi song cho ngudi lao dong dac biet la lao dong d nong thon la rat can thiet Trong nhung nam qua huyen da co nhieu chu truong, chinh sach giai quyet viec lam cho hang nghin ngudi lao dong He so sir dung thdi gian lao dong d nong thon tang len chat luong nguon lao dong budc dau co tien bo tirng budc dap dtroc yeu cau ctia thi truong lao dong trong va ngoai tinh
De giai quyet vice lam cho ngudi lao dong, trong thdi gian tdi huyen can tap trung giai quyet cac van de ve chuyen dich co cau cay trong hop ly va tang dien tich gieo liong: phat trien chan nuoi: phat trien cac nganh nghe phi nong nghiep: ciing co va xay dung co' sd ha tang; on dinh dat dai; tang cuong dau tu von; tang cudng khoa hoc ky thuat; ino rong thi trudng va day manh \iiat khau lao dong va dua lao dong ra dia ban ngoai huyen
Til' khoa: Lao dong, viec lam, nong thon, Phii Luong
DAT VAN DE
Huyen Phii Luong nam d phia Bac ciia tinh
Thai Nguyen cd tdi 85% dan sd sinh sdng va
lam vice trong ITnh vuc san xiuil ndng nghiep
Vii ndng nghiep ndng thdn Vdi sir phat trien
nhanh chdng ciia khoa hpc ky thuat, ciing vdi
viec irng dung cac thanh tuu ciia khoa hpc ky
thuat vao san xuat ndng nghiep ngay cang
nhieu va cd hieu qua, da dan tdi tinh trang
giam di rd ret ve nhu can sir dung lao ddng
1 hem vao dd ngudn lire diit dai ban che do
nhu cau phcit trien dd thi va mdi sd muc dich
khiic dii dan Idi tinh trang du thira lao ddng
li'ong ndng thdn Irong thiri gian vira qua
huyen Phii Luong da cd mot sd giai phap huu
hieu de giai quyet van de viec lam ndng thdn
tuy nhien vdi tdc dp dd thi hda va cdng
nghiep hda cao, van de lao ddng viec lam can
dupe licp tuc xem xet giai quyet, trong biii
\ ict: "Mot sd vdn de ve lao dong vd viec Idm
Irong khu vuc ndng thdn huyen Phd Luong
tmh Thdi Nguyen" chimg tdi inudn de cap
idi van dc^ lao ddng viec lain va dc xuat mdi
sd giai phiip cd tinh kha thi nham d;ip irng nhu
/(•/ 0912 140S6S
cau viec lam ciia lao ddng ndng thdn htiven Phil Luong tinh Thai Nguyen trong nhung nam truxVc mat va lau dai
PHUONG PHAP VA HE THONCi CHI TIEU NGHIEN CUU
* Phiro'ng phd/J nghien ciiu: De tien hanh
nghien ciru chimg tdi dii chpn 3 xa dupe phfui
bd o' cac vimg trong huyen Chpn 240 hd de dieu tra thu thap sd lieu, "frong qua trinh thu thap sd lieu chiing tdi da sir dung phuong phap chuyen gia, chuyen khao phuong phap danh gia nhanh ndng thdn (RRA So lieu dupe kiem tra chinh ly va khiing dinh dd tin cay sau dd dupe phan td va trinh bay o' bang thdng ke, bang tinh toan EXCEL Cac phuang phap phan tich thdng ke kinh te va nhieu phirong phap phan tich khac da dimg trong phan tich va du bao
* lie thdng chi lieu nghien ciiu: Ti'ong qua
trinh nghien ciru chiing tdi dii su dung cac chi tieu: Co' can lao ddng theo trinh dp van hda trinh dp chuyen mdn; Co ciui lao ddng theo ngimh nghe; Sd ngay lao ddng binh qiuin/lao ddng/nam; Thu nhap binh qiian/hd/nam; riiti nhap binh quan/lao ddng/nam; Ihu nh;ip binh quan/lao ddng/ngay; i h u nhap binh qtiiui/
Trang 2Ngo Xuan Hoans Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 75(13): 19-28
ngay lao ddng phan theo nganh nghe; Ty suat
sir dung thdi gian lao ddng
KET QUA N G H I E N C U U V A
T H A Q LUAN
So luong va chat lirong lao dong nong thon
huyen Phii L u o n g
* Sd luong nhan khau vd lao ddng cua huyen:
Lao ddng la mot trong 3 yeu td ciing vdi dat
dai, CO' sd vat chat ky thuat lao ddng la luc
lupng, la yeu td chii yeu nhat trong qua trinh
san xuat Lao ddng la dieu kien cho xa hdi ton
tai va phat trien De tim hieu tinh hinh lao
ddng va nhan khau ciia huyen Phii Luong
chimg ta qua bang 1 Qua bang sd lieu cho
thay: lire lupng lao ddng tang binh quan qua
cac nam la 1,26%, nhan khau an theo tang
0.74% Nam 2007, Huyen Phii Lirong cd
64.501 lao ddng chiem 61,45%), den nam
2009 da len tdi 66.132 lao ddng va chiem
61.69% trong tdng sd nhan khau nhu vay lire
lirong lao ddng nhung nam gan day cd xu
hirdng tang nhe Luc lupng lao ddng d Phii
L u a n g t u o n g ddi tre N a m 2009, nhdm luc
lupng lao ddng tre (tir 15-34 tudi) cd
40.946.69 ngudi chiem 5 9 , 2 4 % so vdi tdng
sd; nhdm lire lupng lao ddng trung nien cd
16.692 ngudi, chiem 34,47%) va nhdm luc
lupng lao ddng cao tudi cd 32.870 ngudi
chiem 6,29%) N h d m luc l u p n g lao ddng tre chilin ty le cao nhat 59,24%) Day la the manh ciia ngudn lao d d n g huyen Phu L u o n g
N a m 2 0 0 9 , dan so binh quan ciia huyen la 125.829 n g u d i , trong do sd ngudi trong dp tuoi lao d d n g la 69.120 n g u d i Hang nam dan
so huyen Phii L u o n g tang them khoang 9.000 ngudi Ngoai ra, cdn phai ke den sd ngudi
ngoai tuoi lao d d n g n h u n g thitc te van cd viec
lam cung tang len (trong do ngay cang cd nhieu tre em) da tao thanh mot ngudn cung ve lao d d n g kha ddi d a o Dan sd huyen Phu Liro'ng chii yeu la d ndng thdn, chiem 6 5 % so vdi tdng dan sd ciia huyen N a m 2009, lao ddng ndng nghiep chiem ty trpng tuong ddi cao 85,71 %o, trong khi dd lao ddng trong nganh cdng nghiep lai chiem ty le qua thap 1 l%o
*Chdt lirong ngudn LD cua huyen Phii Luang
Ve mat trinh do vdn hda: Trinh dp van hda la
CO sd rat quan trpng de nang cao nang luc va
ky nang lam viec cua n g u d i lao ddng Sd ngudi biet dpc, biet viet tang dan Sd lieu trong bang cho thay: trong nhirng nam qua, sd ngudi tdt nghiep cac cap hpc phd thdng cd xu tang trong nhu'ng nam qua, sd ngudi tdt nghiep cac cap hpc phd t h d n g cd xu h u d n g tang dan qua tiing nam ( b a n g 2)
Bang I Co cau lao dong va nhan khau ciia huyen Phii Luang
Nam So luong Co cau
(Ngudi) (%)
Toe do tang, giam
So luong Co cau So luong Co cau binh quan moi nam (Ngudi) (%) (Ngudi) (%) (%) Tong so
Lao donsj
104.965 100 106.257 100 107.200 100 64.501 61.45
Nhan khau an theo 40.464 ,55
66.708 62,78 39.549 37,22
66.132 61,69
41
1,06 1,26 0,74
Nguon: Phong Thong ke huyen Phii Luong[4,9]
Bang 2 Trinh do van hoa ciia lao dong huyen Phii Luong
Don vi: %
1 Khong biet clur
2 Chua tot nghiep Tieu hoc
3 Da tot nghiep Tieu hoc
4 Da t6t nghiep THCS
5 Da t6t nghiep THPT
Ton" so:
4,46 15,02 24,26 44,51 11,75
3,80 14,07 25,09 44,92 12,12
3.10 13,32 ,., 24,71
44,46 14,41
Ngudn: UBND huyen Phii Luang [9]
Trang 3Ngo Xuan Hoang Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 75(13): 19-28 nam 2007: 80,52%, nam 2008: 82,93% va
nam 2009: 83,58%) Ty le lao ddng chua h\k
chir va chua tdt nghiep tieu hpc ngay cang
giam xudng tuong xirng Xu hudng trinh dp
hpc van ciia ngudi lao ddng ngay cang cao
cho thay kha nang hpc nghe, dao tao nghe va
nang cao lay nghe ciia luc lupng lao ddng d
Huyen Phii Luong vao loai kha Day la mot
tien de quan trpng ciia su phat trien ngudn
nhan lire ciia huyen Tuy nhien, chiing ta thay
ty le ngudi tdt nghiep cap THCS va THPT
trong luc lupng lao ddng cua huyen cdn thap
chi khoang 50%
Ve trinh do chuyen mdn ky thudl:
Sd ngudi chua dupe dao tao nghe cdn rat Idn
chiem 90% lire lupng lao ddng ciia huyen Ty
le lao ddng da qua dao tao chuyen mdn ky
thuat chiSm ty le rat th4p: 11,77% (nam 2007)
va qua cac nam ty le lao ddng da qua dao tao
chuyen bien rat cham, nam 2007 la 7,04%,
nam 2008: 9,60%, nam 2009: 11,77% Chat
lupng lao ddng chuyen mdn ky thuat ciia
huyen cdn nhieu bat cap Lao ddng khdng dap
ung dupe yeu cau ciia cdng viec Chua dupe
dao tao dll trinh dp quy djnh, nang luc thich
ung vdi viec lam trong nen kinh te chuyen ddi
cdn yeu Ty le lao ddng chuyen mdn ky thuat
cd trinh dp cao thap, co cau bac dao tao mat
can ddi vdi nhu cau sir dung
Xet trong tdng sd lao ddng chuyen mdn ky
thuat nam 2009 ciia huyen, co' cau nhu sau: so
c4p chiem 1,06%, cdng nhan ky thuat
(CNKT) khdng bang: 2,99% CNKT cd bang: 2,4%, trung hpc chuyen nghiep (THCN): 2,71%, cao dang va dai hpc (CD-DH): 2,6% tren dai hpc: 0,01% Nhu vay, sd lao ddng cd chuyen mdn ky thuat trinh dp so cap va khdng bang cAp cdn 4,05% trong tdng sd lao ddng chuyen mdn ky thuat Trong khu vuc cdng nghiep va djch vu, ty le cdng nhan ky thuat cdn thap chi cd dudi 5% so vdi toan bd lire lupng lao ddng cua huyen Dieu dang luu y la trong do hon mot nira cdng nhan ky thuat tuy
da dupe dao tao nhung khdng cd bang Rd rang, dao tao nghe dang la van de biic xiic ddi vdi luc luong lao ddng khdng chi d ndng thdn
ma d ca thanh thj
Tinh hinh sir dung lao dong nong thon huyen Phii Luong
a Su dung lao ddng theo ngdnh nghe
La mot huyen chii yeu san xuat ndng nghiep nen so lao ddng trong ndng nghiep chiem ti trpng cao Tuy nhien, ciing vdi sir phat trien kinh te chung cd sir chuyen djch co' cau kinh
te giua cac nganh la do co cau lao ddng cung
cd xu hudng giam Tdc dp tang binh quan ciia lao ddng qua cac nam la 1,26%) tdc dp giam lao ddng ndng nghiep binh quan qua cac nam
la 0,11%, nhung tdc dp tang binh quan qua cac nam ciia lao ddng phi ndng nghiep len tdi 10,77% nhu vay lire lupng lao ddng da va dang cd xu hudng chuyen djch co' cau sang ITnh vuc san xuat phi ndng nghiep
Bang 3 Trinh do chuyen mon ky thuat ciia lao dong huyen Phu Luont
Don vi: %
1 Khong CO chuyen mon ky thuat
2 Trinh do so cap
3 Cong nhan ky thuat khong bang
4 Cong nhan ky thuat co bang
5 Trung hpc chu>en nghiep
6 Cao dang va dai hpc
7 Tren dai hoc
Tong so:
92,96 0,85 1,03 1,13 2,64 1,38 0,01
100
90,40 1,06 2,21 1,78 2,50 2.04 0,01
100
88,23 1.06 2,99 2.40 2.71 2,60 0,01
100
Nguon: Phong Lao dong TBXIl huyen Phii Luong 14.6]
Trang 4N>>6 Xuan Hoan a Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 75(13): 19-28
Bang 4 Co cau lao dong trong nganh san xuat ciia huyen Phu Luong
Chi tieu
Tong so
Lao dong
nong nghiep
Lao dong phi
ndng nghiep
Nam
So luong (Ngu'oi) 64.501
56.761
2007
C c cau (%)
100
88,00
Nam
So iu'ong (Ngu-oi)
66.708
57.329
2008
Co' cau (%)
100
85,94
Nam
S o l u o n g (Ngu'oi) 66.132
56.635
2009 Co' cau
(%)
100
85,64
Toe do tang, giam binh quan moi nam (%) 1,26
-0.11
7.740 12.00 9.379
* Ngdnh ndng nghiep: Trong nhung nam qua
san xuat ndng nghiep huyen Phii Luo'ng da
dan di vao dn djnh va phat trien vdi nhjp dp
ngay cang nhanh San xuat ndng nghiep d
nhieu dja phuong trong huyen da bat dau
chuyen sang hirdng san xuat hang hda md
hinh kinh te VAC kinh te trang trai phat trien
hau het o' cac dja phuong Xuat hien nhieu gia
dinh cd quy md chan nudi Idn: hang ngan con
ga, hang chuc con Ipn theo phirong phap cdng
nghiep mang lai thu nhap cao Chan nudi ca
theo phuong phap tham canh vdi cac gidng cd
nang suat cao chat lupng tdt va chan nudi cac
con dac san da dan dan tha> the tha ca theo
kieu quang canh Co' cau nganh ndng nghiep
chuyen djch theo hudng ty trpng chan nudi va
djch vu ndng nghiep ngay cang tang, ty trpng
nganh trdng trpt giam tuong irng
'*Ngdnh cdng nghiep: Nganh nghe cdng
nghiep - tieu thu cdng nghiep tren dja ban
huyen phat trien dudi nhieu hinh thirc da
dang Den cudi nam 2009 toan huyen cd 29
HTX, 32 doanh nghiep tu nhan va 21 doanh
nghiep hdn hop Nganh cdng nghiep va xay
dung tao ra dupe 356.2 ty ddng sir dung mot
lupng lao ddng la 2.596 ngudi
*Ngdnh dich vu: Nganh djch vu tao ra dupe
183.000 trieu ddng thu hiit sd lao ddng tham
14.06 9.497 14,36 10,77
Ngudn: [4.9]
gia la 5.199 ngudi Hoat ddng dich vu o' ndng thdn trong nhung nam gan day cd budc phat trien mdi, nhieu loai hinh kinh doanh, djch vu nhir: cung ung hang tieu diing, vat tu thu gom ndng san, siia chua cdng cii, do dimg phuc vu sinh hoat, xuat hien phd bien trong tirng thdn xdm Tir dd da va dang hinh thanh cac tu diem kinh te, cac thj tir, thj tran o' ndng thdn gdp phan chuyen ddi ca cau kinh te ciia huyen
b Su dung lao ddng theo thanh phan kinh le Ddi vdi thanh phan kinh te Nhd nude: quy mo
nhd, trong nhung nam 2007-2009 luc lupng lao ddng lam viec trong khu vuc nay thap chi chiem khoang 5%
Ddi vdi ihdnh phan kinh te ngoai Nhd nude:
kinh te hd gia dinh va ngoai quoc doanh giu vai trd chu yeu trong tao viec lam mdi (chiem 95% did lam viec mdi dupe tao ra hang nam), cac doanh nghiep vira va nhd, tuy vdn dau tu cho cdng nghe cdn it, dau tu cho 1 chd lam viec cdn thap, nhung dang the hien mot tiSm nang va uu the trong tao viec lam Nam 2009,
cd 156 CO sd san xuat cdng nghiep, thu hiit 42.630 lao ddng; trong dd, cd 1 DNNN thu hilt 5.440 lao ddng, 7 HTX thu hiit 2.431 lao ddng, 22 cdng ty TNHH va doanh nghiep tu nhan thu hiit 690 lao ddng, 10.309 hp ca th^ thu hilt 32.620 lao dona
Bang 5 Viec lam chia theo thanh phSn kinh d
Dan vi: ngirdi
Tong lao dong xa hoi
- Nha nude
- Ngoai Nha nude
67.926 3.396 64.530
68.605 3.430 65.175
69.120 3.456 65.664
Ngudn: UBND huyen Phii Luong [9]
Trang 5Ngo Xuan Hoana Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 75(13):
19-c Sir dung lao ddng theo khu vuc
* A.77;/ vuc ihdnh thi: Phii Luong la mot huyen
ndng nghiep phan Idn dan cu sdng d ndng
thdn Sd ngudi sdng d thanh thj chi cd 17.344
ngudi, chiem 13.8 Ngoai luc lupng lao ddng
tai chd, hang nam cd mot luc lupng lao ddng
dang ke tir cac vimg ndng thdn vao cac khu
cdng nghiep cac dd thj tim kiem viec lam, dac
biet tir khi chuyen ddi sang che che thj trudng
Van de sii' dung ngudn lao ddng khu vuc thanh
thj trong thdi gian qua: Ty le lao ddng cd viec
lam thdi ky 2007-2009 ciia khu vuc Oianh thi la
93% (trong dp tudi lao ddng) Ty le lao ddng
khdng cd viec lam trong dp tudi lao ddng o' khu
vuc thanh thi giam tii' 7% nam 2007 xudng 6%
nam 2009 Ty le that nghiep a khu vuc thanh thj
da giam lien tiic tir 5,57% nam 2007 xudng
5.28Vo nam 2008 va 4,33% nam 2009,
* Khu vuc ndng thdn: Hien nay, dan cu ndng
thdn Huyen Phu Luong cd 108.329 ngudi
chiem 86,2% dan sd ca huyen, lao ddng ndng
thdn cd 44.928 ngudi chiem 65% lire lupng
lao ddng huyen, trong dd lao ddng cd chuyen
mdn ky thuat chi cd 8,05% Nhu vay, lao ddng
ndng thdn dai bd phan la lao ddng phd thdng,
khdng cd trinh dp chuyen mdn ky thuat
Ve chat lupng ngudn lao ddng d khu vuc
ndng thdn: Lao ddng d khu vuc ndng thdn da
qua dao tao chi chiem 8,05%, cdn lai tren
90% chua qua dao tao Lao ddng ndng thdn
qua dao tao chiem mot ty le thap, nhirng lai
phan bd khdng deu Cac khu vuc cang xa khu
dd thi thi lire lupng lao ddng khdng qua dao
tao chiem ty le cang cao
Ve phan bd va sir dung ngudn lao ddng d khu
vuc ndng thdn: l i o n g ndng thdn, co cau lao
ddng xa hdi cd sir chuyen djch theo hudng
tang ty trpng lao ddng cdng nghiep va djch
vu, giam ty trpng lao ddng ndng nghiep; tuy
nhien d mire dp cdn cham Ket qua dieu tra
nam 2007 cho tluiy, ty le lao ddng ndng
nghiep chiem 65%, cdng nghiep va xay dung
chiem 14% djch vu chic^n 12.4%
(/ Kit (put san xudl kinh doanh ngdnh Irong
Irol vd chdn nudi cua huyen
Sd lieu cho thay gia trj san xuat nganh trdng
trpl tang binh quan la 22,53% nam 2007 la
192.697 trieu ddim den nam 2009 tang len
289.324 trieu ddng trong dd gia trj san xuat ciia trdng liia nam 2007 la 82.325 trieu ddng den nam 2009 tang len 123.532 trieu ddng chiem 26,f cua cav luong thuc cd hat Gia trj san xuat cay lau nam chiem 19.48% cua dat ndng nghiep trong dd gia trj san xuat cua cay che chiam 30.48% nam 2007 la 45.936 trieu ddng den nam 2009 len tdi 78.209 trieu ddng Trong nhdm cac cay laii nam nhan thay cay che cd hieu qua kinh te kha cao Chan nudi ciia huyen tang binh quan la 46.46% trong dd chan nudi gia siic nam 2007 la 53.185 trieu dong nam 2009 ki 120.081 trieu ddng tdc dp tang binh quan la 50.26% Chan nudi gia cam tang binh quan ki 40,40% va chi chiem ty le 10,45% trong nganh chan nudi
Ket qua mot so chuong trinh giai quyet viec lam cho lao dong nong thon huyen Phii Luong
Chifovg Irinh day nghe ngdn hem
Dupe sir chi dao ciia Sd Lao ddng TBXH va Ban chi dao xuat khau lao ddng huyen trung tam Day nghe trung tam Gidi thieu viec lam ciia huyen da trien khai dupe mot sd chuong trinh nhu dupe trinh bay trong bang 6
Sd lieu qua cac nam cho thay ve quy md dao tao va tu van viec lam ciia trung tam ngay cang rpng hon, cu the nhir, nani 2007 tu van viec lam cho 400 ngirdi den nam 2009 da tu van len tdi 700 ngudi Dac biet ve dao tao nghe nam 2007 mdi chi cd 900 ngirdi nhung den nam 2009 da len tdi 1.505 ngudi hon niTa nam 2009 trung tam da ket hpp vdi trudng DH
NL Thai Nguyen ino' Idp dao tao ve quan ly kinh te hd gia dinh cho 194 can bd cap xa va ndng dan Ve xuat khau lao ddng 3 nam qua trung tam da tu van gidi thieu viec lam cho 212 lao ddng di xuat khau lao ddng d cac nude: Dai Loan, Indonexia, Han Quoc cd mire lutrng binh quan khoang 8 trieu ddng/thang
Ve tin dung ndng thdn
Chuong trinh cho vay ddi vdi hd ngheo: Theo thdng ke thi toan huyen cd 7.943 hd ngheo chiem ty le 3,5% sd hd tren toan huyen, d4 day nhanh chuong trinh muc tieu xda ddi giam ngheo tren dja ban huyen nghi quyet Dang bd hdi ddng nhan dan huyen Phii Luong da de ra mdi nam phan dau giam ty le
hp ngheo xudng tir 2.5 den 3%
Trang 6Ngo Xuan Hoang
Bang 6 Mot so ch uong
Chi
trinh tu
tieu
Tap
van
ch
va 1
i KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE
dao tao cua trung tam Gidi thieu
2007
viec lam giai
2008
75(13): 19-28
doan 2007-2009 Dvt: Ngudi
2009
Tu van viec lam
Gidi thieu viec lam trong nude
Xuat khau lao dong
Giao due djnh hudng
Dao tao nghe
Hoi thao tu van viec lam
Dao tao quan ly kinh te ho gia dinh
400
50
62
66
900
200
0
550
50
80
130
1.245
660
0
700
120
70
140 1.505
557
194
Nguon: Trung Idm Gidi thieu viec lam huyen Phii Luang [6]
Chuong trinh cho va\ hd san xuat kinh doanh
vimg khd khan, dupe trien khai thuc hien
trong nam 2007, NHCSXH huyen da trien
khai cho vay thi diem 3 xa: Phii Dd Tuc
Tranh Ddng Dat
Chuong trinh tin dung cho vay ddi vdi hd gia
dinh san xuat kinh doanh, kinh doanh viing
khd khan, dupe thuc hien vdi mire lai xuk
thap ban ngan hang thuong mai, thu tuc don
gian ddi tupng vay vdn rpng, mu'c vay vdn
hd san xuat 30 trieu ddng tren hp khdng phai
lam thii tuc the chap tai san, phuong thirc cho
vay theo td lap trong thdn ban thdng qua cac
td chu'c hdi
Thuc hien chinh sach dan tdc va ton giao
Dang, nha nude da cd chinh sach cho vay von
ddi vdi hd ngheo ddng bao ddn tdc thieu so,
chuong trinh the hien su quan tam cua Dang,
nha nude, ddi vdi ddng bao ngheo dan tdc
thieu sd, dupe vay vdn de djnh canh djnh cu;
dn djnh cupc sdng tiing budc phat trien kinh
te gia dinh, vuan len thoat khdi ngheo ddi
ciing hda nhap vdi cdng ddng
Chuong trinh cho vay giai quyet viec lam:
Day la chuong trinh quoc gia nham muc dich
giai quyet viec lam, giam ty le th§t nghiep
trong xa hdi Nam 2003 NHCS nhan ban giao
2.997 trieu ddng ngudn vdn quy quoc gia giai
quyet viec lam tii' kho bac huyen chuyen sang
NHCS huyen quan ly, vdi 23 du an Sau 5
nam hoat ddng NHCS huyen Phii Luong da
phoi hop vdi phong Npi vu huyen, cac nganh
chuc nang, doan the xa hdi tham djnh giai
quyet cho 116 du an ket qua thuc hien Doanh
sd cho vay trong 5 nam la 9.250 trieu ddng, doanh sd thu no trong 5 nam la 1.312 trieu ddng, du no dSn 31/12/2007 la 4.601 trieu ddng, bao gom 116 du an,
Cdng tac cho vay vdn giai quyet viec lam cho thanh nien: Thuc hien quyet djnh so 71/2005/QD-TTg ngay 05/4/2005 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu "ve co' che quan ly, dieu hanh vdn cho vay cua quy quoc gia ve viec lam", nam 2007 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Thai Nguyen da phan bd vdn vay 120 cho Tinh doan thanh nien vdi sd vdn la 200 trieu ddng Vdi sd tien tren, trong nam 2007 da hd trp dupe 03 dir an nhdm hd va da thu hiit giai quyet viec lam dn djnh cho 39 lao ddng
Danh gia chung ve giai quyet viec lam 6' huyen Phii Lircng
a Nhirng ket qua dat duoc
+ Nhan thirc, quan niem ciia ngirdi lao ddng
ve viec lam da dupe thay ddi co ban Ngudi lao ddng tu chii trong viec tu tao viec lam cho minh va cho ngudi khac trong cac thanh phan kinh t l Ngudi sir dung lao ddng dupe khuven khich dau tu phat trign san xuat, kinh doanh djch vu tao md viec lam Mat khac chu truong tao viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng cting dupe thay ddi Nha nude tap trung ban hanh
CO che, chinh sach xay dung hanh lang phap luat, tao mdi trudng thuan Ipi de mpi ngudi lir tao viec lam cho minh va cho xa hdi
+ Chuong trinh giai quyet viec lam dupe trien khai thuc hien cd ket qua vdi sir quan tam ciia cac nganh, cac cap, su hudng irno lidi cue
Trang 7Ngo Xuan Hoang Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 75(13): 19-28 cua cac td chirc, doan the va mpi tang Idp dan
cu Ket qua la giam ty le that nghiep tii' 5,57%
(nam 2007) xudng cdn 4,33% (nam 2009)
+ Da phat trien va da dang hda cac hinh thuc
kinh doanh tao nhieu viec lam mdi cho lao
ddng cua huyen: kinh te hd gia dinh, doanh
nghiep vira va nhd, khdi phuc va phat trien
lang nghe truyen thdng
+ cac Trung tam djch vu viec lam tren dja
ban huyen da thuc hien tdt viec gidi thieu viec
lam cho cac thanh phan kinh te; td chirc dao
tao nghe cho ngudi lao ddng, giup hp tu tao
viec lam va tim kiem viec lam
+ Cdng tac giai quyet viec lam da gan vdi
viec chuyen djch co' cau kinh te va co cau lao
ddng Co' cau lao ddng va ca cau viec lam da
cd chuyen bien theo chieu hudng tich cue Ty
trpng trong ndng nghiep giam dan, ty trpng
trong cdng nghiep, xay dung va djch vu cd
chieu hudng tang len rd ret
+ cac hinh thirc dao tao nghe da dupe ddi
mdi va chat lupng ngudn lao ddng da dan
dupe nang cao hon
+ Cdng tac dau tu vdn tin diing cho ngudi
ngheo, giiip cac hd ngheo dn djnh va cai thien
ddi sdng, giai quyet them viec lam va viec
lam mdi cho ngirdi lao ddng
b Nhimg hem che vd ton lai:
+Ty le that nghiep d thanh thj cdn cao 4,33%
(nam 2009) Tinh trang that nghiep d khu vuc
ndng thdn tuy khdng Idn, nhirng tinh trang du
thira lao ddng lai kha cao, he sd sir dung thdi
gian lao ddng d ndng thdn mdi chi cd 74,7%
(nam 2009)
+ Co' can lao ddng ciia huyen mat can ddi,
thieu lao ddng ky thuat, lao ddng da qua dao
tao Vi vay, gay nen tinh trang vii'a thira lai
vira thieu lao ddng Sd ngudi khdng cd viec
him d Phil Luong hau het la lao ddng phd
thdng, khdng cd trinh dp chuyen mdn ky
thuat, do dd chua dap irng dupe yen cau phat
trien kinh te hien nay ciia huyen
+ cac CO' sd day nghe chua thuc sir dupe dau
lir dimg mire ve chuong trinh, muc tieu dao
tao Cling nhu co' sd vat chat, trang thiet bj day
nghe Do vay, chat lupng dao tao cdn thap,
chua dap irng dupe Ihj trudng lao ddng Cdng
tac dao tao, day nghe chua that su gan vdi nhu cau do thieu thdng tin thj trudng lao ddng, Trung tam chua day nhung cai ma thj trudng can, cho nen thiia ca nhung lao ddng ngay sau khi da dupe dao tao
-I- Cac trung tam djch vu va gidi thieu viec lam chua phat trien Cac hinh thu'c tu van va gidi thieu viec lam chua dupe md rpng Trinh
dp chuyen mdn nghiep vu ciia dpi ngu can bp, nhan vien cac trung tam chua dap iing dupe yeu cau ngay cang cao va da dang cua thj trudng lao ddng
-I- Cdn thieu nhu'ng chinh sach dii manh de khuyen khich dau tu, huy ddng mpi ngudn luc, phat trien cac thj trudng (nhat la thi trudng lao ddng) de tang trudng kinh te va tao
md viec lam
Mot so giai phap chQ yeu giai quyet viec lam cho LD nong thon huyen Phii Luong
Gidi phdp ve chuyen dich ca cdu cdy trdng hap ly vd tdng dien tich gieo trdng
Xa Vd Tranh va xa Ddng Dat la 2 xa cd nhieu ddi nui vdi dp doc thoai thoai, hon nua chat dat d day rat thich hpp vdi cay che Trong cac loai cay trdng da dupe phan tich d phan thuc trang cho thay gia trj san xuat ciia cay che la kha cao va sir dung khdng nhieu cdng lao ddng 1 sao trdng che cd the dem lai gia tri san xuat 3 trieu ddng/cdng lao ddng/nam trong dd cac cay trdng khac khdng cd dupe Viing trdng lua nude 2 xa Ddng Dat va Yen Trach cd dja hinh bang phang nen sir diing phuo'ng phap luan canh, trdng xen canh gdi
vu Khuyen khich cac hd trdng rau sach vi thj trudng hien nay rat khan hiein ngudn rau sach
va cii, qua cd gia trj dinh dudng cao
Xa Yen Trach la xa vimg cao cd dja hinh phuc tap, cd nhieu mil cao thich hpp cho trdng rirng, viia chdng xdi mdn vira dem lai hieu qua kinh te cao cu th^ nhu trdng cay Keo, Md, Bach dan Viing trdng liia nude
cd quy md manh miin nen dimg phuong thuc ddn dien ddi thua de thuan Ipi cho viec canh tac se giam thieu dupe cdng lao ddng, chuyen lao ddng nay sang cdng viec khac Nhung vimg dat ddi thoai hon nen trdng che cd nang suat cao nhu che canh, che Bat tien
Trang 8Ntjo Xuan Hoan a Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 75(13): 19
Giai phdp ve phdt trien chdn nudi
Cu th^ ve chan nudi theo hudng san xuat hang
hda nhu nudi ga sach, dac biet la gidng ga lai
chpi hinh thirc nudi nhu gidng ga chuyen
thdng vira nhanh Idn lai vira cd gia trj sir dung
cao Nhu cau cua thj trudng sii' dung san
pham hudng nac va san pham thit Ipn quay
bang Ipn sieu nac dang dupe thj trudng ira
chuong, do vay phat trien md hinh nudi Ipn
sieu nac vdi quv md Idn tiep can hpc tap kinh
nghiem a mot sd trang trai nudi loai sieu nac
d huyen Phd Yen Vdi dja hinh va khdng gian
rpng va cd nhieu ddi niii de chan tha nhu
huyen Phii Luaiig nen md nhung trang trai
nudi tha tiiu bd de lay thjt ben canh dd md
nhung CO sd che bien thjt xd va thjt Ipc cung
cap cho thi trudng trong \a ngoai huyen se
thu hilt dupe mot sd lao ddng du thira trong
lao ddng ndng thdn
Gidi phdp ve phdt trien cdc ngdnh nghe phi
ndng nghiep
Phat trien cac nganh nghe phi ndng nghiep, da
dang hda nganh nghe, chuyen djch co' cau
kinh te ndng thdn theo hudng giam ty trpng
ciia nganh ndng nghiep, tang nhanh ty trpng
ciia nganh tieu thii cdng nghiep, djch vu va
thuong mai la bien phap co' ban, lau dai de
giai quyet viec lam va tang thu nhap cho
ngudi lao ddng ndng thdn Phat trien nganh
nghe may tre dan de tao dieu kien cho nhung
lao ddng cd su kheo leo va sire khoe kem dac
biet la lao ddng nir khdng du dieu kien lam
nhung viec nang nhpc, nhung lao ddng nay
thudng khdng cd co' hdi de tim duoc viec lam
ngoai xa hdi hoac chi lam duoc nhung cdng
\ iec cd thu nhap thap
Giai phdp ve cung cd vd xdv dimg ca so' ha Icing
Cung cd va phat trien co' so ha tang la giai
phap quan trpng de phat trien kinh te va giai
quyet viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng huyen Phii
Luo'iig Nhung khd khan ve ca sd ha tang nhu
hien nay da can trd rat Idn den chuyen djch ca
cau san xuat den kha nang tu tao viec lam va
tim kiem \ iec lam cua ngirdi lao ddng trong
huyen Mudn phat trien nghe trdng rirng can
phai lam mdi, lam kien cd nhung con duiing
de phirong tien N'aii tai vao dupe tan viing
khai thac
Giai phdp ve dat dai
Hien na>, dat canh tac ciia huyen vira it vira manh iniin lai viia chua dupe sir dung hpp ly
Vi vay, huyen can phai cd chinh sach khuyen khich ngudi dan khai hoang phiic hda dua dien tich dat chua sii' dung vao san xuat Khuyen khich va tao dieu kien thuan Ipi de ngudi dan ti^n hanh ddn dien ddi thiia cho nhau d^ cd dien tich canh tac tren manh Idn hon tao dieu kien thuan lai cho viec ap dung tien bd khoa hpc ky thuat vao san xuat va phat trien san xuat hang hda NhCing khu dat d ven quoc Id 3 ven cac dudng true chinh va khu trung tam nen quy hoach chuyen vao dat tho
cu de phat trien nganh nghe va djch vu Can
cd nhiing chinh sach ve dat dai hpp ly nhu giai phdng mat bang, hd trp tien thue dat, de khuyen khich cac nha dau tu vao san xuat tren dja ban nham tao ra nhieu viec lam cho lao ddng trong huyen
Giai phdp ve vdn
Ve phia nha nude can md rpng hon nua cac chuong trinh cho vay vdn den tan tay ngudi dan thdng qua cac td chirc tin dung, cac ngan hang, cac td chirc doan the d dja phuong nhu hdi phu nu, hdi ndng dan doan thanh nien viec cho vay vdn phai xac djnh dimg ddi tupng dupe vay sd lupng vdn vay phai dam bao cho ngudi di vay cd du kha nang tai san xuat md rpng, cac phuong thirc thu hdi vdn phai phii hop vdi dac diem va chu ky ciia san xuat ndng nghiep Ciing vdi viec cho vay vdn thi can lam tdt cdng tac khuyen ndng, hudng dan va tu van cho ngirdi dan each thirc dau tu
va sir dung vdn vay de viec dau tu mang lai hieu qua cao va phai giam sat \'iec sir dung vdn vay thdng qua cac td chirc doan the o' dia phirong Tranh tinh trang sir dung vdn vay khdng dimg muc dich va khdng cd kha nang hoan tra Ngoai ra cd the cho nguiTi ndng dan vay vdn bang hien vat thdng qua boat ddng ciia hop tac xa djch vu nhu cac tir lieu san xuat trong ndng nghiep Ve phia ngirdi lao ddng trirdc het phai biet huy ddng vdn tir ngudn vdn tu cd ciia ban than, cua gia dinh va quan trpng la xac djnh dupe ke hoach sii dung
\a phan bd sd vdn vay dd cho tirng khau cua qua trinh san xuat sao cho hop ly va dem lai hieu qua ddng vdn cao nhat
Trang 9Ngo Xuan Hoant Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 75(1 19-2S
Giai phdp ve khoa hoc ky thuat
Ddi vtVi ngudi lao ddng ndng nghiep can tap
trung nang cao ky nang san xuat cua hp, tii
khau chpn gidng, lain dat canh tac, cham sdc
va thu hoach De thuc hien tdt dieu nay can
tang cudng cdng tac khuyen ndng, can trp
giiip cho hp khau ky thuat trong quy trinh san
xuat thu nghiem xay dung md hinh dien hinh
de chuyen giao khoa hpc ky thuat cd hieu qua
Ddng vien va khuyen khich cac hd san xuat
gioi tham gia vao cdng tac khuyen ndng de
viec chuyen giao khoa hpc ky thuat dat ket
qua cao va se de thuyet phuc hon
Ddi vdi lao ddng cd tham gia boat ddng
nganh nghe tieu thu cdng nghiep can khuyen
khich hp md rpng quy md dau tu theo chieu
sau lira chpn ap dung cdng nghe phii hpp vdi
mot sd khau de cd dieu kien nang cao nang
suat, chat lupng san pham Ben canh dd can
cd bien phap nhan rpng cac hoat ddng nganh
nghe ra toan huyen Cd chinh sach thda dang
khuyen khich ngudi lao ddng cd trinh dp
chuyen mdn ky thuat ve dja phuong lam viec
va cdng tac Thdng qua cac td chirc doan the
gidi thieu nhiing nganh nghe mdi phii hop vdi
dia phuong de ngudi dan ap dung vao san
xuat nham giai quyet viec lain cho ngircTi lao
ddng va lao dieu kien thiic day chuyen djch
CO' can kinh te ndng thdn
(^iiai jihdp vi} thi trudng
Md rpng thj trudng tieu thu la giai phap quan
trpng trong phat trien kinh te va tao viec lam
cho ngucii lao ddng Khi san pham ngudi lao
ddng lam ra dupe tieu thu tdt thi mdi kich
thich dupe san xuat hang hda kich thich dupe
dau tir san xuat da dang hda nganh nghe va
mdi lao ra dupe vice him cho ngui'ii lao ddng
Khuyen khich hd trp cac td chirc trung gian
tieu thu sail pham do ngudi lao ddng trong
huyen san xuat ra; Lhanh lap cac hpp tac xa
dich vu dc cung irng dau vao va tieu thu san
pham dau ra cho ngiriri dan; Hiiveii can tao
dieu kien hd Ira hii)en trong viec xay dung
mdi clip, hoan thien co' so' ha tang, dac biet la
he thdng dudng giao thdng, he thdng thdng
tin lii;n lac de san pham do ngudi dan trong
huyen san xuat ra dupe nhanh chdng chuyen
den imirdi tieu diiim; Dav manh cdng tac du
bao phd bien rpng rai thdng tin thj trudng cac thdng tin ve khoa hpc cdng nghe de ngudi dan nam bat kjp thdi va cd nhiing quyet djnh dimg dan trong san xuat kinh doanh
Giai phdp ve day mcinh xudl khdu lao ddng vd dua lao ddng ra ngodi dia bdn Idm viec
Chinh quyen dja phuong can hpp tac tdt vdi cac CO' quan chirc nang trong viec tu van dao tao hd trp de ngudi lao ddng dupe tham gia xuat khau, dua xuat khau lao ddng thanh giai phap hieu qua trong cdng tac tao viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng ndng thdn tren dja ban huyen Ben canh cdng tac xuat khau lao ddng ra nude ngoai thi viec hpp tac vdi cac cdng ty, cac td chirc trong nude de tim va giai quyet viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng dja phirong ciing ki mot giai phap tdt va cd hieu qua cao Tuy lam viec
d trong nude khdng cao bang tham gia xuat khau lao ddng nhung tao dupe viec lam cho nhieu lao ddng hon va de thirc hien hon Day cdn la giai phap tao ra dupe sir chuyen djch manh me trong co' cau lao ddng, dem lai thu nhap cao va dn djnh hon so vdi san xuat ndng nghiep Vi vay, day cung la giai phap ma cac cap chinh quyen can coi trpng va lam tdt de tao theni dupe nhieu viec lam cho lao ddng trong huyen
KET LUAN Phil Luong la mot trong cac huyen ngheo, kinh te chii yeu dua vao ndng nghiep, ximt phiit diem ciia nen kinh te thap tai nguyen cd han tdc dp phat trien kinh te cham tinh trang that nghiep cdn nhieu Vi vay van de giai quyet viec lam nang cao ddi sdng cho ngud'i lao ddng dac biet la lao ddng d ndng thdn chiem la luc lupng lao ddng la rat can thiet Trong nhung nam qua huyen da cd nhieu chu trirong chinh sach de giai quyet viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng, tao ra viec lam cho hang nghin ngudi lao ddng He sd su dung thdi gian lao ddng d ndng thdn tang len chat lupng ngudn lao ddng budc dau cd tien bd tirng budc dap dupe yen cau cua thi trudng lao ddng trong va ngoai linh
Dc giai quyet viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng trong huyen trong thdi gian tdi huyen can tap trung giai quyet cac van de sau: chuyen djch CO' can cay trdng hpp ly va tang dien tich gieo
Trang 10Nsjo Xuan Hoans Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 75(13): 19-28
trdng; phat trien chan nudi; phat trien cac
nganh nghe phi ndng nghiep; cung cd va xay
diing CO sd ha tang; dn djnh dat dai; tang
cuo'ng dau tu vdn; tang c u d n g khoa hpc ky
thuat; m d rpng thj t r u d n g va day manh xuat
khau lao ddng va dua lao ddng ra dja ban
ngoai huyen
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O
[I].86 Lao dong Thuong binh va Xa hoi (2007),
Bao cao ket qua dieu tra lao dong viec 1dm
1-7-2007
[2].Hoang Van Luu 2003, Giai quyet viec lam a
ndng thon tinh Ninh Binh Irong glal doan hien
nay Luan van thac sT - Dai hoc KTQD, Ha Noi
[3] Phan ST Man, Giai qiiyel viec idm o ndng thdn
trong glal doan hien nay Tap chi Nghien cint
kinh tisd 225-2/1997
[4].Phong thdi.g ke huyen Phu Luong, Nier :'im thdng ke huyen Phii Luang nam 2007 -2009 [5].Vu Van Phuc (2005), "Glal quyet viec 1dm va sif diing hop ly ngudn nhdn luc lao dong nong thdn Viet Nam hien nay" Tap chi Kinh te chau A
-Thai Binh Duong
[6].Trung tam gidi thieu viec lam huyen Phii
Luong tinh Thai Nguyen, Bao cdo cudi nam 2005,
2006, 2007
[7] Nguyin Qu6c Tuan Mot sd gidi phdp lew viec lam cho lao ddng ndng thdn xd Thgch Xd - Thach Thai - Hd Tciy, DHKT&QTKD
[8].Ta Dinh Tii' (2007 ), Thuc trang vd mot so gidi phdp nhdm glal quyet viec idm ndng cao thu nhcip cho ngudi lao dong xd Luong Son -TP Thdi Nguyen
[9].UBND huyen Phii Lucmg (2007): Bao cdo thuc hien ke hoach KT-XH nam 2007
S U M M A R Y
S O M M E P R O B L E M S O N L A B O R S A N D W O R K I N G I N R U R A L
P H U L U O N G D I C S T R I C T , T H A I N G U Y E N P R O V I N C E
Z O N E O F
Ngo Xuan Hoang
College of Economics and Technology - TNU
Phu Luong district in the northern province of Thai Nguyen to 85% of the population living and
working in the field of agriculture and rural agriculture Slow economic development, more
unemployment So the issue of jobs, raise living standards for workers, especially workers in rural areas is essential
In recent years many districts have policies to create jobs for thousands of workers Score labor tiiTie used in rural areas increased, the quality of the workforce initial progress, gradually meeting the requirements of the job market within and outside the province
To create jobs for workers, the district needs time to concentrate on solving the problem of restructuring and a reasonable increase crop sown area, livestock development, development of non agriculture and strengthen infrastructure construction, land stability, boost investment and enhance science and technology, expanding markets and boosting the export of labor and labor to areas outside the district
Key words: Labor, employment, rural Phu Luong
Tel: 0912 140868