Phong tyc tap quan cd mat lae hau, quan he d-ng xu- cua eae thanh vien trong epng dong nang v l tuc le, truyin thing ban la phap ly dugc quy djnh bdi nha nude.. Nhd'ng nam qua Nha nude d
Trang 142 TAP CHi KHOA HOC XA HOI SO 11(l35)-2009
DICH v y XA Hpi d NONG THON VIET NAM HIEN NAY
THL/C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
NGUYEN CHi DUNG"
1 TiNH C A P T H I E T CUA PHAT TRIEN VA
Q U A N L Y P H A T TRIEN D|CH VU XA HQl
O NONG THON VIET NAM HIEN NAY
1.1 Djch vy va djch vy xa hpi
Theo Tw diin bach khoa Viet Nam, "Djch
vu la nhirng hoat dpng phue vu nhim thda
man nhd-ng nhu e l u san xult, kinh doanh
va sinh boat" Day la mpt loai hinh boat
dpng eua con ngudi tuy khdng tryc t i l p tao
ra san phim vat c h i t hoac tinh t h i n song
tao ra nhCrng y i u t l , nhd-ng d i l u kien,
nhd-ng mdi trudng thuan Igi eho eae boat
dpng san xult, kinh doanh va eho ddi s i n g
eda moi ngudi edng nhu eho xa hpi Djch
vu thudng cd nhCrng d i i tugng phyc vy
khae nhau nen ngudi ta thudng chia djch
vu thanh nhiiu loai, song ehd y i u chia
thanh cae loai sau: Djch vy kinh te, djch vy
xa hdi
Djch vu kinh t l , phyc vy cho eae heat dpng
san xult, kinh doanh nhu djch vu ngan
hang, tin dyng; djch vy nha d i t , djch vy
dao tao n g h i , gidi thieu viee lam, djch vu
thuang mai, thdng tin NghTa la, t i t ea
nhirng boat dpng h i trg, tao moi trudng
giup san xult, kinh doanh t i t ban, hieu
qua ban
Djch vy xa hdi la nhCrng loai hinh djch vu
*' Pho Giao su, tiin sT, Vien Xa hpi hpc, Hpc
vien Chinh tri-Hanh chinh Quoc gia Ho Chi
Minh,
gidp eho moi ngudi, mdi nhdm ngudi, m i l
t i n g Idp xa hpi va ea epng ding sing t i t han, doan k i t ban, gan bd han, nhan van ban va phat t r i l n b i n vCrng ban O day, phai k l trude tien d i n djch vy eung elp mdt s l nhu c l u thilt yeu eho ddi sing cen ngudi nhu: djch vy dien, nudc, giao due, cham sdc sire khoe, thdng tin lien lae Sau nd'a la he thong cac djch vy eung c l p
sy trg gidp eho ddi s i n g con ngudi nhu: Djch vu hilu, by, djch vu trg gidp xa hpi eho mpt s l nhdm y i u t h i , djch vu nghf ngai, vui chai, giai tri, t h i thao
Ngoai ra, djch vy xa hpi edn la nhCrng boat ddng xa hpi khac gidp ngudi lao dpng
dwgc dao tao n g h i , cd viee lam va thye
hien nhd'ng nhu e l u an sinh xa hdi nhu: bao hiim xa hpi, ke hoach hda gia dinh Nhu vay, ed t h i coi djch vy xa hdi la mpt nganh, mdt ITnh vyc boat dpng xa hpi dap irng nhu e l u eda ddi s i n g mdi eon ngudi eung nhu ea epng ddng Djch vu xa hdi eung e l p nhCrng d i l u kien, nhd-ng y i u t l gidp con ngudi s i n g tot ban, nhan van han, van minh, hien dai ban
1.2 Phat triln djch vy xa hdi d ndng thdn
-v l n d l c l p bach hien nay Ndng thdn d b i t ky nudc dang phat triln nao tren t h i gidi eung la dja ban sinh sing eda p h i n ldn c u dan lam ndng nghiep Mat
dp dan eu t h i p , s i n g g i n bd vdi mdi trudng t y nhien, eu dan ndng thdn t i l p can
Trang 2NGUYEN CHi DUNG - DjCH VU XA HOI d NdNG THdN 43
vdi thdng tin it, t i l p can va sd- dung cac
djch vu xa hpi t h i p Phong tyc tap quan cd
mat lae hau, quan he d-ng xu- cua eae
thanh vien trong epng dong nang v l tuc le,
truyin thing ban la phap ly dugc quy djnh
bdi nha nude Chinh vi vay, epng d i n g
dan cu nong thdn mang tinh thuin nhit
han, di dpng xa hpi it ban, c l k i t epng
ding eao han, chat che ban so vdi epng
ding cu dan thanh p h i
Nong thdn Viet Nam, ngoai nhd-ng dae
trung tren cdn nhCpng d i l u khac biet Thw
nhit, dan c u ndng thdn Viet Nam ehu y i u
la ndng dan trdng Ida nudc Binh quan
rudng d i t t h i p San xult trong d i l u kien
thien nhien khle nghiet Ndng dan va dan
cu ndng thdn ludn phai d i u tranh khle
phue nhd'ng hau qua thien tai nhu gid bao,
lyt lpi, ban ban, sau benh, m i t mua
Hoan canh nay hun dde cho ngudi nong
dan Viet Nam dd-e tinh e i n ed, ehju khd,
b i n bi, dee dai
Thw hai, Viet Nam la met nudc phai duang
d i u vdi nhiiu cudc ehiln tranh xam lugc
keo dai, tan khle Chinh xa hpi nong thdn
vdi cpng d i n g lang, xa da tao thanh nhu-ng
phao dai khang ehiln b i t kha xam pham,
bao t i n gia tri van hda truyin thong eua xa
hdi Viet Nam Anh hdng, dung cam la
truyen thong quy bau cua ca dan tde Viet
Nam, trudc h i t la eua cdng d i n g dan eu
ndng then Viet Nam
Thw ba, epng d i n g dan tde Viet Nam bao
g i m ca cpng d i n g dan eu ndng thdn la
cpng d i n g da s l e tpc va da tdn giao Song
day la cdng ddng dan eu ed truyin thong
doan kit, tuang trg, gidp dd l l n nhau. SCPC
song trudng t i n eua dan tpc Viet Nam mpt
p h i n Idn phu thupc SCPC s i n g trudng ton
eda cae lang, xa Viet Nam da t i n tai qua hang ngan nam ljch SLP O day, tinh yeu thuang, dum bpc, gan bd "tit Id'a toi den
ed nhau" da trd thanh truyin thing quy bau cua epng d i n g dan tpc Viet Nam, nhit
la cpng d i n g dan eu trong cae lang, xa Viet Nam
Thw tw, xa hpi ndng thdn Viet Nam la xa
hdi cua nhd'ng ngudi tieu ndng, san x u l t nhd, rudng d i t it, t u lieu san xult thu eong, lac hau, nang s u i t t h i p Do vay, t u tudng
it nhiiu bao thd, t l m nhin han c h l L i i
s i n g eua ngudi t i i u ndng vdi khdng it phong tue tap quan lae hau, bao thu edn
t i n tai va tae dpng khdng nhd tdi sy phat triln epng d i n g
Td' sau Caeh mang thang Tam, nhit la td' sau khi ehuyin sang kinh t l thj trudng, m d CLPa, d i i mdi, ndng thdn Viet Nam da b i i n ddi nhiiu Tuy nhien, trinh dp phat trien eda xa hpi ndng thdn Viet Nam ehua cao; muc s i n g cda epng d i n g edn t h i p ; tan d u nhd'ng tap tyc lae hau cdn nang; tinh trang nay c i n dae biet ehd y d nhd'ng vung cao, vdng sau, vung xa, vung khd khan
Thw nam, xa hpi ndng thdn Viet Nam dang
dugc phan chia thanh nhd'ng khu vyc ed dac d i i m phat triln kinh t l xa hpi kha khac nhau (Ble, Trung, Nam; m i i n ndi, trung
du, d i n g b i n g , ven bien; dong bing B l e
Bd, d i n g bang Nam Bd ) O m i i vung nay, trinh dp phat triln v l kinh t l , van hda,
xa hpi dang kha khac nhau, do vay, quan
ly sy phat triln xa hpi phai chd y nhCpng dae d i i m nay
Muc tieu eda Viet Nam d i n nam 2020 la trd thanh mpt nudc edng nghiep Ndng thdn phai duge edng nghiep hda-hien dai hda Xa hpi ndng thdn phai duge cai biin
Trang 344 NGUYEN CHi DUNG - DICH VU XA HOI d NONG T H G N
Nhd'ng yeu kem, lac hau phai duge khle
phuc Nong thdn duge dd thj hda d i n hoae
dugc hien dai hda Cac djch vu xa hpi e i n
phat triln dap irng t i t eho nhCrng nhu c l u
nay Do vay, cham lo cho sy md rpng va
tang cudng ca Iugng va c h i t cda eae loai
hinh djch vu kinh t l xa hpi la yeu e l u t i t
yeu
2 THU'C TRANG M Q T S 6 DjCH VU XA
HOI O NONG THON VIET NAM HIEN
NAY
2.1 Djch vu cung c l p dien
Hien trang eda he thong eung e l p dien
ndng thdn duge the hien qua bang dudi
day (Xem Bang 1)
Nhd'ng nam qua Nha nude da quan tam
nhiiu va ed hieu qua d i n viee cung c l p
dien cho nhan dan ndi chung va ngudi dan
ndng thdn ndi rieng D i n nam 2006, ty le
hd dan dung dien tren pham vi ca nudc da dat 87,77%, tang g i n 10% so vdi nam
2001 N l u tinh theo s l thdn dung dien, eon
s l tang la 25,62% Dd la mpt thanh tyu Idn
va chae c h i n tao d i l u kien thuan lgi eho san xult kinh doanh va cai thien d i l u kien
s i n g cho eu dan ndng thdn
Han c h l cua xay dyng va quan ly he thong djch vy cung Crng dien la he thing dien v l n ehua dap Crng dugc yeu eau v l nguin dien, ludi dien va ty le ton t h i t dien nang cdn eao Mpt s l cdng trinh dien khdng hoan thanh ddng ke beach, gay thiiu dien trong thdi gian eao d i i m va khi ed ban ban hoae Id lyt nghiem trpng
Chinh saeh xay dyng va quan ly k i t c l u
ha t i n g ehua hoan ehinh Nha nude trung
Bang 1 Hien trang cung c l p va su dung dien nong thon
Chung
Dong bang song H6ng
Dong Bae
Tay B§c
B I C Trung Bp
N a m Trung Bp
Tay Nguyen
Dong N a m Bp
D6ng bang song Cicu Long
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
Ty le xa co dien % 89,66 98,90 99,90 100,00 81,56 99,94 62,62 93,42 90,98 99,09 86,75 99,00 75,45 99,47 98,65 100,00 99,02 99,92
Ty le thon co dien % 77,24 92,39 99,77 98,59 65,06 97,93 42,34 73,94 87,30 96,48 80,55 95,99 55,19 89,36 87,30 97,04 83,47 97,92
Ty le thon co dien lu-oi quoc gia % 70,75 87,77 98,08 98,58 52,24 79,10 27,74 58,32 83,58 93,50 77,81 92,90 52,88 88,15 86,53 96,49 78,61 97,36
Ty le ho dung dien % 79,04 87,77 98,08 99,94 52,24 92,18 51,02 76,78 88,42 97,28 85,45 96,99 51,56 87,26 75,48 78,41 61,91 90,15
Trang 4NGUYEN CHi D O N G - DjCH VU XA H Q I d NONG THON 45
uang va ehinh quyin dja phuang edn Idng
tdng trong viee phan e l p d i u t u va quan ly
k i t e l u ha t i n g dien nen hien tugng
dudng dien keo v l d i n tram trung t h i , ha
t h i nhung dien khdng d i n duge vdi thdn
ban eda d i n g bao D i n g thdi ea c h l xay
dyng thdy dien nhd tai thdn ban chua
dugc quan tam ddng mCre nen cd tinh
trang t u nhan hoac cae to chCre phi ehinh
phd d i n xay dyng va e l p dien tai dja ban,
trong khi dd n l u ed ea ehe phd hgp chinh
quyin, nhan dan cd the lam dugc sdm
ban, ddi s i n g dan eu cd ea hpi cai thien
t i t ban
2.2 He thing djch vy eung e l p nude saeh
Nam 1991, tai Dai hpi Dang toan q u i c l l n
thu VII, Viet Nam da nhan ra t i n tai eua
minh trong viee dam bao ddi song sinh
boat cda nhan dan, trong dd ed v l n de
nude saeh Dai hdi da nhan djnh, eung e l p
nude saeh, giai quyit chit thai edng
nghiep, bao ve mdi trudng s i n g la nhCrng
t i n tai Idn Sau dd hang nam va 5 nam,
v l n d l eung e l p nude sach eho nhan dan
ndi chung, cho eu dan ndng thdn ndi rieng,
d i u dugc dua ra ban thao tai eae hpi nghi
quan trpng eua Dang, eae chuang trinh
phat trien kinh t l xa hpi cda d i t nude
Cung c l p nudc saeh la met trong nhCrng
djch vu xa hpi ma eae ea quan chiPC nang
giai quyit chua dwgc nhiiu D i n nam
2001, kiim d i i m lai, "Ty le s l dan d ndng
thdn dugc cung c l p nudc saeh mdi dat
40%, t h i p xa so vdi mye tieu" Do vay,
chuang trinh q u i c gia xac djnh d i n nam
2005, cung e l p nude saeh cbe 60% dan
so ndng thdn
Nhu vay, cung e l p nude saeh cho ndng
thdn cdn khdng it khd khan Nguyen nhan
ehinh do dja ban ndng thdn rdng, k i t c l u
ha t i n g t h i i u d i n g bp, nhan thd-c ve dung nudc saeh cua cpng d i n g chua eao, chua
t h i y h i t y nghTa, t l m quan trpng cda viee eung c l p , SLP dyng nudc sach vdi SLPC khde eda eon ngudi Thu nhap cda ngudi dan ndng thdn cdn t h i p , thiiu kinh phi de trang trai eho viee SLP dyng djch vu cung
c l p nudc saeh
2.3 Djch vy van hda, giao dye
Dich vu van hda
Mpt chd truang r i t dung d i n va tich eye eda Dang va Chinh phu Viet Nam la xay dyng va phat triln cac d i i m buu dien van hda xa Day la ca s d djch vy van hda eho phep t i l p can van minh hien dai d ndng thdn SCr dung hieu qua cae d i i m djch vy van hda xa ed y nghTa tich eye trong viee tan dyng ea hpi cda t i i n bd khoa hpe edng nghe d l phat trien san xult, kinh doanh, thy hudng nhCrng thanh qua eua cdng nghe thdng tin hien dai
Ben canh dd, cdng dang phat huy vai trd cda nd trong eung e l p djch vy van hda cho cdng dong dan cu Day la nai hpi hpp, sinh heat van hda, van nghe, to ehCre dam cudi hay eae sinh boat edng ddng khae O mpt
s l xa, cdn thanh lap cac thu vien edng cdng Dd la nai de eae t i n g Idp eu dan ndng thdn khai thae, trao ddi thdng tin, nang eao k i l n thd-c He thing thu vien edng cpng nudc ta cdn ehua phat triln, nhung nhCrng gi ma eae vung ndng thdn dat dugc trong edng viee nay la met e l
g i n g ldn d l thye hien phat triln van hda
va phat triln kinh t l Cae s l lieu dudi day cho t h i y hien trang cda ba loai hinh djch
vy van hda nay (Xem Bang 2)
Trang 546 NGUYEN CHi DUNG - DICH VU XA Hdi d NdNG THON
Nhu vay la, he thdng djch vy
van hda, thdng tin da hinh
thanh va phat triln d eae xa,
thdn H l u h i t cae thdn ban
d i u ed nha van hda Day la
k i t qua eua nhCrng n l lyc
tap t h i cda chinb quyin,
nhan dan trong nhd'ng c l
g i n g thay ddi bp mat ndng
thdn Day edng la nai sinh
boat tap t h i dudi nhd'ng
hinh thuc mdi, phu hgp, nhu
sinh heat cda cac hpi, doan
t h i , phd biin k i l n thd'C khoa
hpc, dpe saeh bao T h i l t
che van hda ca s d nay gdp
p h i n tao ra n i n n i p sinh
boat mdi d ndng thdn Tuy
nhien, day la loai hinh djch
vu van hda v l n c i n quan
tam phat trien ban nua
trong thdi gian tdi
He thing djch vu buu dien
van hda va he thing djch vu
eong nghe thdng tin d ndng thdn dang
dugc tang eudng nhanh va cd tae dpng
manh me tdi ddi song van hda, tinh t h i n
va san x u l t eua c u dan ndng thdn Hien
tugng giao luu, giao t i l p vugt khoi pham
vi eua dja phuang, dja ban khdng chi vdi
Idp tre ma ea vdi nhieu Idp dan eu khae
Dac biet, nhieu ndng dan da tiep thu kinh
nghiem san xult, k i l n thire khoa hpe va
kiln thuc thj trudng ed lien quan d i n san
xult eda minh nhd he thing cdng nghe
nay Nhiiu ngudi dan ndng thdn b i t d i u
cd thdi quen thu thap thdng tin va k i i m tra
thdng tin qua phuang tien edng nghe
thdng tin d l hpc tap va djnh hudng san
Bang 2 Ty le xa cd diim buu dien van hda, nha van hoa
va thu vien(%)
Chung
D6ng b i n g song H6ng
Dong Bae
Tay Bae
BSc Trung Bp
Nam Trung Bp
Tay Nguyen
Dong Nam Bp
D6ng bang song Cu'u Long
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
Oi§m buu dien van hoa 55,60 85,50 71,20 89,25 48,98 87,01 35,67 86,65 62,43 88,96 54,73 83,71 45,54 85,96 43,34 71,11 53,51 80,78
Nha van hoa 14,94 30,61 30,06 49,27 7,74 21,30 10,63 37,48 19,28 34,57 4,51 17,00 9,70 20,53 13,66 36,51 6,97 17,90
Thu vien 7,74 9,70 11,19 12,68 3,71 7,93 3,61 1,83 7,37 8,72 6,70 6,43 2,57 5,09 11,47 14,92 9,67 13,77
xult Day la he thing djch vy dang cd xu hudng phat trien nhanh, manh ban nCra trong thdi gian tdi
Han c h l eda ITnh vyc nay la sy thiiu d i n g
bp trong d i u t u va phat triln k i t e l u ha
t i n g buu ehinh v i i n thdng a eae vdng ndng thdn O vdng sau, vdng xa, vdng khd khan sdng vien thdng ehua dugc phd khip
va sd' dung chua hieu qua Nhin ehung,
d i u t u ea sd vat chit, edng nghe va tuyen truyin, hudng d i n cho nhd'ng ngudi e i n SU' dung cdng nghe thdng tin d nhiiu vung ndng thdn chua theo kjp nhu e l u Nhiiu
ea sd vat chit, cdng nghe thdng tin chua duac khai thae hieu qua
Trang 6NGUYEN CHi DUNG - DICH VU XA HQI d NONG THON 47
Dich vu giao due
Giae dye trong thdi dai kinh t l tri thCrc cd
vai trd quan trpng Day la mpt trong nhd-ng
ehi bao ea ban danh gia t i i n bd xa hpi O
Viet Nam, giao dye da duge Dang va Nha
nude quan tam phat triln
Cy t h i , hien tai, d h l u h i t cac xa da cd
trudng t i i u hpe (99,26%) Nhiiu xa da ed
trudng trung hpe ea sd Huyen da ed td- 1
d i n 2 trudng trung hpe p h i thdng Ngoai
cac trudng trung elp, eao d i n g va dai hpe
do trung uang quan ly, d h l u h i t eae tfnh
thanh da cd trudng dai hpe va nhiiu
trudng cao d i n g hoac trung e l p nghi Day
la he thong djch vy kha phong phd dap
d-ng nhu c l u hpc tap cda nhan dan
Bang 3 eho t h i y mCre dp kien c l hda eda
he thing trudng t i i u hpe d cae xa,
phudng so sanh nam 2001 va 2006
Trong djch vy giao dye, be thing trudng Idp m l u giao edng la yeu t l quan trpng danh gia mipc hoan thien va dap ung nhu
e l u giao due cda he thong giao due q u i c gia Bang 4 eho thiy, mac dd cd nhiiu co
g i n g nhung sy chenh lech v l ty le ldp hpc
m l u giao giira cae vdng ndng thdn r i t ldn 6/8 vung ed ty le nha tre, m l u giao t h i p ban ty le trung binh ea nude Cd hai vdng
cd ty le cao ban, dae biet vdng d i n g b i n g sdng Hing cao g i p ddi ty le trung binh eua
ea nude
s l Idp m l u giao t h i p nhu vay ed t h i do
hai nguyen nhan Mdt la, do sy quan tam
eda dja phuang va eua cha me cac em
chua dd Hai Id, ehua ed sy phd hgp ve
chinh saeh doi vdi giao vien, ehua thye hien tra luang td' ngan sach nha nudc vi nhiiu dja phuang ehua can ddi duge ngan
Bang 3 Mire dp kien c l hoa trudng tiiu hpc nam 2001 va 2006 (%)
Chung
Dong bang song Hong
Dong Bae
Tay Bae
Bae Trung Bp
Nam Trung bp
Tay Nguyen
Dong Nam bp
Dong bang song CLPU Long
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
Co truang tieu hpc 99,91 99,26 99,90 100,00 99,89 98,70 100,00 99,63 100,00 99,98 99,42 99,57 100,00 95,44 100,00 99,52 100,00 99,46
Tru-ong kien CO 30,83 52,20 60,47 89,22 17,07 53,38 16,51 57,60 33,33 62,21 27,43 40,86 16,29 34,11 25,41 28,96 27,57 34,12
Trudng ban kien CO 63,68 46,26 37,94 10,50 69,74 43,67 61,21 36,61 60,63 36,13 70,52 58,63 82,11 64,55 73,93 70,64 69,98 64,72
Truang tam
5,49 1,54 1,59 0,28 13,17 2,95 22,28 5,79 6,04 1,66 2,05 0,51 1,60 1,34 0,66 0,04 2,55 1,16
Trang 748 N G U Y E N CHi DUNG - DICH VU XA HOI d NdNG THGN
sach va yeu c l u quy md Idp m l u giao
la 20 em/1 ldp, dieu nay khdng phd
hgp vdi r i t nhiiu dja ban ndng thdn,
dan cu s i n g thua thdt, d i l u kien di lai
khd khan
Ben canh dd, nhCpng hd trg eho djch
vy giao dye d mpt s l vdng ndng thdn,
nhit la ndng thdn vdng eao, vdng sau,
vdng xa, vung khd khan ehua d i y du
Nhdm xa hdi ndng thdn v l n la nhdm
y i u t h i trong t i l p can he thing giao
dye Ngay ea khi da t i l p can dugc thi
sau dao tao, nhit la dao tao nghi,
dao tao eao dang, dai hpe, so sinh
vien ra trudng k i i m dugc viec lam la
r i t khd khan
2.4 Djch vu cham sdc va bao ve SCPC
khde nhan dan
Djch vy cham sdc, bao ve SCPC khde
nhan dan gdm he thing eae ea sd
kham, ehCpa benh, phdng benh va t u
vln He thing nay gdm eae benh vien
eae tuyin tir Trung uang xuing ea sd va
mang ludi cac tram y t l ea sd, y t l thdn
ban O Viet Nam, he thing nay dugc nha
nude quan tam, phat triln kha bean chmh,
ea ban thda man nhu c l u kham ehu-a benh
va phdng benh cho nhan dan
O eae vdng ndng thdn, tram y t l xa va
mang ludi y t l thdn ban ed vai trd r i t quan
trpng N l u phat huy t i t , nd se gidp phdng
va giai quyit tdi 80% d i n 90% nhu e l u
cham sdc sire khde cho nhan dan Mang
ludi nay va s l bae sT tren d i u dan s l duge
t h i hien trong Bang 5
Nhu vay la, trung binh mpt xa ed mdt tram
y t l Tinh v l so lugng, cd the thiy, d ndng
thdn da cd mdt mang ludi y t l phd khip
Trong dd Nha nude da dua ra mpt s l
Bang 4 Ty le xa co Idp m l u giao va nha tre nam
2001 va 2006 (%)
Chung
D6ong bling song Hong
Dong Bae
Tay Bae
Bae Trung Bp
Nam Trung bp
Tay Nguyen
Dpng Nam bp
Dong bang song Cu-u Long
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
Lap mau giao 85,07 98,68 99,42
99 89 73,33 99,24 61,29 99,09 97,36 99,76 85,74 98.57 74,85 98,42 77,40 98,89 81,89 94,63
Nha tre
35,17 47,65 85,73 90.11 15.65
38 26 20,49 37.66 45,18 62,80 6,84 21.43 17,43 27,54 22,26 35,08 8,20 13.85
chinb saeh phd hgp d l thdc d i y eae djch
vu xa hdi d ndng thdn phat triln Cu t h i , Nha nude da ed ehd truang c l p miin phi bao bilm y t l cho cac d i i tugng xa hpi nhu cha me Net sT, gia dinh chinh sach, cac hd ngheo, ngudi dan d cac xa dae biet khd khan va dan eu cac dan tde thiiu s l d Tay B l e , Tay Nguyen D i n nam 2006, da
cd 12,17 trieu ngudi, chilm 2 1 % va 1.294 ngan hd (chilm ty le 9,4%) dugc c l p miin phi the bao b i l m y t l
Xet mang ludi phyc vy y t l edn phai tinh
d i n so lugng bae sT tren d i u dan Hien tai
d cae vdng ndng thdn Viet Nam, trung binh 1 bae sT phye vy eho 10.000 dan Duy n h i t ed 2 dja ban, ddng b i n g sdng
H i n g va B l e Trung Bd, ed binh quan s l
Trang 8NGUYEN CHi DUNG - DICH VU XA HOI d NONG THdN 49
Bang 5 Ty le xa co tram y t l va s l lugng bae sT tren 10.000 dan
bae sT cao han trung binh ca nudc
la 1,1 bae sT
D i l u dang phai quan tam la, hien
tai d Viet Nam, s l ea sd kham
ehd'a benh va bae sT dang edn
thiiu song lai phan b l khdng d i u
O ndng thdn vdng eao, vung sau,
vdng xa, ngudi dan phai di 5-6km,
tham chi 10-15km mdi tdi met
trung tam kham, ehCra benh va t u
v l n v l sire khoe Trong khi dd, d
thanh p h i , ngudi dan chi di 0,2km
d i n 0,3km la cd t h i d i n mdt ea sd
djch vy nhu vay Ngoai ra, djch vy
kham ehd'a benh d thanh p h i tap
trung nhiiu t h i y thule gidi ban d
nong thdn D i l u nay cang lam cho
djch vy cham sdc sire khde d cac
vdng nong thdn y i u kem han d
thanh p h i tren nhiiu mat T i l p can
vdi djch vu cham sdc sire khoe
giu-a ndng thdn va thanh thj dang Nguin: Tdng cue thing ke K i t qua ting dilu tra ndng
cd nhiiu b i t binh d i n g e i n phai then, ndng nghiep va thuy san nam 2006; Nxb Thing ehd y giai quyit ke, 2007 Phin kit qua chung, tr 146-148
2.5 He thing djch vy thuang mai
Chung
Song H6ng
Dong B3e
Tay Bae
B§e Trung Bp
Nam Trung Bp
Tay Nguyen
Dong Nam Bp
D6ng bang song Ciru Long
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
2001
2006
Xa CO tram
y t l (%) 99,45 99,34
100 99,34 99,30 99,95
100 99,45 99,69 99,94 99,27 99,43 99,82 99,32 99,33 98,68 99,1 98,68
Bae sT/ 10.000 dan 0,8 1,0 1,0 1,1 0,8 1,3 0,2 0,5 0,8 1,1 0,6 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,7 0,8 0,7 0,8
d ndng thdn
Hien tai, d ndng thdn Viet Nam, he thing
djch vy thuang mai phuc vu ddi s i n g nhan
dan da kha phong phd He thing nay bao
g i m chg, eae cu-a hang ban le t u nhan va
mpt s l sieu thj Rieng sieu thj, chi cd mpt
s l mdi dwgc xay dyng d vdng ven Ndng
dan va eu dan ndng thdn chua t i l p can
nhiiu Do vay, he thing djch vu xa hdi eho
ddi s i n g eu dan ndng thdn, hien tai, chd
y i u v l n la he thing chg va cu-a hang ban
le t u nhan Vdi chg, day la dja d i i m giao
luu kinh t l tCr ngan xua eua eu dan ndng
thdn Khdng mdt vung ndng thon nao
khdng cd chg, mac dd kinh t l hang boa lde
dd ehua phat triln Trong qua trinh doi mdi
va phat triln kinh t l xa hpi hien nay, chg
ndng thdn v l n dwgc eoi la mdt djch vy
thuang mai thilt y i u phyc vy nhu c l u phat triln kinh tl-xa hdi d ndng thdn Hien tai, mdi cd ban nCra s l xa ed chg (2 xa cd 1 chg) O nhd'ng vdng khd khan nhu Tay Nguyen, Tay Ble, Ddng Ble, ty le xa cd chg eon t h i p ban nd'a, ehi khoang 30% O nhd'ng vdng nay, giao luu kinh t l hang hda khd ed d i l u kien phat triln nhanh Cung
c l , phat triln chg ndng thdn, rd rang, dang
la v l n d l e i n quan tam trong ehiln lugc phat triln kinh tl-xa hdi d ndng thdn Viet Nam hien nay
Trang 950 NGUYEN CHi DUNG - DICH VU XA HOI 6 NONG THdN
3 MOT S 6 K H U Y £ N NGHI N H A M TANG
CLfONG HIEU QUA CAC DjCH VU XA HQl
O NONG THON VIET NAM HIEN NAY
Viet Nam dang trong qua trinh edng nghiep
hda-hien dai hda Ndng thdn dang tCrng
bude thay d i i De dap Crng t i t qua trinh
thay ddi nay, e i n tang cudng he thong cac
djch vu xa hpi tren nhCrng ITnh vyc sau day
3.1 Cdng e l , hoan thien va tang eudng he
thing djch vy c l p dien, e l p nude sach eho
cac vung ndng thdn Dam bao d i n nam
2015, 100% s l hd ed dien sd' dung Giam
t i i da viee e l t dien tdy tien d l dam bao
dien eho san x u l t va eho ddi sing Nha
nudc thing nhit quan ly mang ludi dien
va ho trg gia dien eho epng dong dan eu
ndng thdn
Nang eao ty le hp ndng dan SLP dyng nude
saeh, dam bao d i n nam 2015, 80% dan c u
ndng thdn dwgc SLP dung nude saeh D l
lam dwgc d i l u nay, c i n phai cai tao tCpng
budc he thing c l p nude saeh cho cae
vdng ndng thdn, d i n g thdi ching d nhiim
mdi trudng nude, bao g i m ca nude mat,
nude nglm va nude biin
O ndng thdn, d l bao ve cac nguin nudc,
ching d nhiim, c i n chd y SLP dung phan,
thule bao ve thye vat hgp ly, d i n g thdi
kien quyit ching lai viee d l chit thai dpe
hai td- cac khu edng nghiep vao khu vyc
ndng thdn, d i n g thdi thye hien t i t viee thu
gom, xd- ly rac thai sinh hoat td' epng dong
dan eu Tuyen truyen, nang cao y thd'C
ngudi dan d l bao ve mdi trudng, dae biet
la mdi trudng nudc va tham dpng thye vat
3.2 Giao dye trong thdi dai kinh t l tri thCpc
dang la mpt ITnh vyc phai dugc quan tam
dae biet Giao due d ndng thdn hien nay
dang edn khdng it khd khan Trudc m i t
e i n bean thien va kien co hda he thing trudng, ldp hpe d ndng thdn, k l ca ndng thdn vung sau, vung xa, vdng khd khan Dam bao giao due pho cap t i i u hpc Xda Idp hpe tam, Idp hpe lam b i n g tranh tre nCpa la Tang cudng, uu tien xay dyng cac trudng m l u giao, nha tre, d i n g thdi ed chinh sach khuyin khich giao vien len cac vdng cao, vung sau, vdng xa cdng tae, Trg gidp hpe sinh ngheo; phat triln he giao due ban edng, t u thye, Tao ra mdi trudng xa hpi hda giao dye lanh manh; phat triln he thing djch vy cung c l p saeh giao khoa, d l dung giang day ed c h i t lugng, dam bao tieu ehuin, dap Cpng yeu c l u eua ca he thing giao dye,
3.3 Hoan thien va nang eao chit lugng dich vu cham sdc va bao ve SCPC khoe nhan dan
He thong djch vy cham sdc SLPC khde nhan dan d cae vdng ndng thdn ca ban dap ipng yeu c l u Tuy vay, c i n phai hoan thien ban nd'a mang ludi y t l thdn ban Tang eudng
c h i t lugng djch vy eda tram y t l xa Dam bao moi xa ed it nhit mpt bae sT va mdt can bd y t l chuyen khoa sau D i n g thdi dam bao dd trang thilt bj c i n thilt eho mdi tram y t l ; nang eao c h i t lugng kham ehd'a nhCpng benh thdng thudng d ea sd; chuyin kjp thdi cho nhd'ng benh nhan ma tuyin dudi khdng dd d i l u kien giai quyit Cham sdc sire khde sinh san, nang cao
c h i t lugng dan s l , dua djch vu k l hoach hda gia dinh v l g i n dan cdng la giai phap quan trpng d l tang eudng he thong djch
vy y t l , nang eao c h i t lugng sdng cda epng d i n g
3.4 Ph?* triln mang ludi thdng tin, nang eao c h i t lugng djch vu thdng tin che cpng
Trang 10N G U Y E N CHi DUNG - DICH VU XA HOI 6 NONG THON 51
dong dan c u ndng thdn Trude h i t phai
hoan thien he thing truyin thdng, gom ca
truyin thdng dai chung va truyin thdng
tryc t i l p n h i m thda man nhu c l u thong tin
van hda, van nghe, giai tri cua eae nhdm
xa hpi O ndng thdn, dac biet chd y he
thing truyin thanh d xa, thdn, lam eho he
thing nay dap irng yeu c l u thdng tin trong
ea phat triln san x u l t va ddi sing
Treng thdi dai cdng nghe thdng tin phai
edng e l va tang eudng chit lugng mang
thong tin nhit la c h i t lugng boat dpng cae
diim buu dien-van hda Khuyin khieh eae
vdng ndng thdn phat trien djch vy Internet
phuc vy eho nhu c l u san xult, tieu thy
hang hda va cho ddi s i n g eua ngudi dan
Tilp tyc xay dyng, nang c l p , quan ly va
SLP dung cac nha van hda xa, thdn, d l cac
nha van hda nay trd thanh nhd'ng dja d i i m djch vu xa hpi ed c h i t lugng dap Cpng nhu
c l u van hda, van nghe, the thao, vui chai giai tri va djch vu dam eudi cho epng ddng 3.5 T i l p tyc quan tam xay dyng va phat triln he thing djch vy thuang mai phu hgp
d t i t ea cac vung ndng thdn Trude h i t dam bao mdi xa ed mpt chg va cd he thing eung u-ng vat tu, hang hda thuan Igi eho san x u l t va ddi s i n g epng ddng He thing nay phai duge phan b l thuan Igi, phd hgp eho td-ng d i i m dan cu Lam cho
he thong djch vy thuang mai nay gdp p h i n phat triln san xult, luu thdng hang hda, thda man va nang eao ddi sdng nhan dan, dong thdi la e l u noi gidp ndng thdn Viet Nam g i n k i t chat ehe vdi thanh thj d l phat triln b i n vd'ng •
{Tiip theo trang 59)
7 La Thj Ble Ly 2003 Van hgc tre em Ha
Npi: Nxb Dai hpe Su pham
8 Nguyin Kien 1987 Vi swc twdng twgng
cua ding thoai Bae Van nghe, s l 14
9 Ngo Quan Mien 1982 Dong thoai vdi viec
boi dwdng tam hon cac em Trong: Vi tre tha
Ha Npi: Nxb Tac phim mdi
10 Nhiiu tac gia 1960 Kinh nghiem viit
cho cac em Ha Npi: Nxb Van hpc
11 Nhiiu tac gia 1983 Twdien van hgc Ha
Npi: Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hpi
12 Nhiiu tac gia (djch) 1984 Nhi ddng van
hgc thap bat giang Thilm Tay: Nxb Thiiu
nien Nhi ding
13 Nhiiu tac gia 2000 Tw diin thuat ngCr
van hgc Ha Npi: Nxb Giao due
14 Phan Ngpc 2002 Ban sic van hda Viet
Nam Ha Npi: Nxb Van hoc
15 Pham Thj Hao 2008 Khdi niem vd thudt ngw ly luan van hgc Trung Qudc Ha Npi:
Nxb Van hpc
16 Td Hoai 1968 Tdi viet ding thoai: De Men, Chim Gay, Bd Ndng Tap chi Van hpc,
s l 10
17 Tudng Phong 1982 Nhi dong van hgc khai luan H i Nam: Nxb Thiiu nien Nhi
ding
18 Van Thanh 1982 Truyen viit cho thiiu nhi dwdi chi do mdi Ha Npi: Nxb Khoa hpc
Xa hpi ' '
19 Van Hing 1997 Mwcri nam ghi nhan Ha
Npi: Nxb Kim Ding
20 Vd Quang 1982 Lai ndi vi truyen dong thoai cho thiiu nhi Tap chi Van hpc s l 1
21 Vu Ngpc Binh 1985 Ddi diiu tam dac
Ha Npi: Nxb Kim Ding