Nho gido ban nMeu dd^n van de dao dfle, song trong pham vi cua bai vidt nay, chung tdi chi tap trung de cap den anh hfldng cua quan Mem ve Td ddc Cdng, Dung, Ngdn, Hanh ddi vdi ngfldi p
Trang 146 TAP CHf P H A T T R I ^ N N H A N L U C , S(5 3 ( 1 9 ) - 2 0 1 0
CON69 DUNG, NCON, HANH
N G U Y I N THI VAN •>
ma lodi ngfldi dang xich lai gan nhau
vd sfl giao lflu van hda dang dien ra Hen
the gidi nhfl mdt xu hfldng ta't ydu Khdng mdt
dan toe ndo tdn tai va phdt hien dfldc ndu khdng
dat minh Hong sii Hen bd chung, ndu khdng Hep
Mu nhuiig thdnh tflu van hda, van minh cua nhan
loai Do vay, viec danh gid vai Hd eua Nho gido
trong lich sfl M Mdng vd anh hfldng eua nd Hong
xa hpi ngdy nay ludn mang mdt 5' ngMa khdng
nhd Nho gido ban nMeu dd^n van de dao dfle,
song trong pham vi cua bai vidt nay, chung tdi
chi tap trung de cap den anh hfldng cua quan
Mem ve Td ddc (Cdng, Dung, Ngdn, Hanh) ddi
vdi ngfldi phu nff Viet Nam Men nay
Chung ta deu biet, Khdng Tfl - ngfldi sdng lap
hpc thuyet Nho gido, ludn nudi hodi bao xay
diing mdt xa hdi ed ky cfldng, nen ndp theo Mnh
mau nhd Tay Chu De hpe thuydt cua minh trd
Manh Men Mflc, dng da tap trung xay dflng miu
ngfldi quan tfl vdi ehu trfldng "dfle tri" Song,
dd'i vdi phu nfl, do quan Mem bat binh dang thdi
dd, nen hau nhfl dng khdng chfl trpng vao viec
xay dflng mpt mau ngtfdi phu nff cu the cho xa
hpi dtfdng Mdi "Ttf dtfc" dtfde coi la quan Mem
cd ban nha't cua dng ve ngtfdi phu nff "Tfl dfle"
la 4 dfle tinh tdt ma ngfldi phu nff can phai cd
-(•) Thac sT, Tradng Dai hpc Su pham Ha N6I
do la "Cdng, Dung, Ngdn, Hanh" Cong ehi sif kheo leo trong viee ldm Dung cM sii hda nha Hong sac dien Ngdn cM stf mem mai Hong ldi ndi Hanh ehi sii nhu mi trong tinh net Trong quan Mem cua Nho gido sd ky, Cdng la nff cong gia chdnh, te gia ndi trd Dung Id ve dep hinh
thtfc, la stf ket hdp giffa ve dep ttf nhien vdi
Hang phuc, tao nen stf doan Hang thuy my Ngon
la ldi an tieng ndi, ngdn ngff te nhi, kin dao
Hgnh Id dtfe hanh, long nhan di, la stf Man theo
le ngMa, Meu de
Nho giao M kM dtfde du nhap vao Viet Nam ludn cd nhiing btfdc thdng Ham Hong lich sfl tif Mdng dan tpc, vi Me, pham Hu "Tfl dfle" cung khdng nam ngoai sii thdng Ham dd, cd lflc no
cM phdi van menh ngtfdi phu nff, ed lflc lai to ra
md nhat Nd cd mat deh cffc vd cung cd nhiftig
han che Nhflhg, du d Mdi ^ ndo tM sfl Hep thu
pham Hu nay eua ngfldi phu nff Viet Nam ciing khdng bao gid la nguyen ngMa, ma ludn cd sif bien ta'u, Unh hoat Hong ddi Mtfdng
"Tfl dtfc" ludn dtfde coi la chuan miie dao dfle
ed ban de xay diing Mnh mau ngtfdi phu nff phong kien Trong xa hpi eu, pham Hu nay dfldc giai ca'p Mdng Hi sfl dung Hiet de nhtf mdt cdng
cu hull Meu cho viec gido hda ngtfdi phu nff vdi mue dich dn dmh xa hdi, bao ve quyen ldi ciia giai ca'p thdng tri Ngay nay, ed sd tdn tai ctia Nho gido ndi chung "Tfl dtfc" ndi rieng khong
Trang 2NGUYEN TH! V A N - C 6 N G , DUNG, N G 6 N , HANH 47
edn vffng chac nhtf trtfdc day, song nd v i n cd
nhiing tde ddng nha't dinh tdi viee xay dtfng dao
dfle eua ngfldi phu nff mdi Bdi le:
Thd nhdt, " C d n g " , theo quan Mem eua Nho
giao, la:
Vd may giQ nep ddn bd
MQi kim nhd nhdt mdi Id nit cdng
(Gia huan ca - Nguyen Trai)
Theo dd, gidi han ve ndi dung, ve pham vi
cdng viee ma ngfldi phu nff dfldc quyen tham
gia cM bd hep Hong gia dinh Mdt ngfldi phu nff
man mflc la ngfldi phu nff cham cM, Men thuc,
Met lo toan thu ven viee nhd; la ngfldi "nang
khdn, sfla Mi" cho dan dng Cdng viec ngoai xa
hpi khdng thude quyen va Hach nMem eua hp
Ngfldi phu nff trong xa hdi Men dai khdng ehi
"te gia, ndi trd", ma edn ed nhffng hoat ddng
vdi nhffng mtfc dp khde nhau Hong Hnh vtfc xa
hdi, trong san xua't vat chat, trong da'u tranh
chd'ng gidc ngoai xam Chflc nang kinh td eua
gia dinh van la mpt trong nhffng chflc ndng rat
quan trpng cua phu nff Gia dinh khdng nhffng
la ddn vi tieu dung, ma edn la ddn vi san xua't ra
cua cai vat chat de thda man nhu cau eua cae
thanh vien Hong gia dinh va gdp phan ldm giau
cho xa hdi Vdi M each la ngfldi tham gia, la chu
Me cae hoat ddng lao dpng san xua't, ngay nay,
phu nff trd thanh life Ifldng lao ddng ed ban cua
xa hpi vd gia dinh Trong san xua't vat chat, ngfldi
phu nff ddng gdp rat nhieu cdng sfle vdi mdt
muc dich cao ea, khdng quan khd khan, khdng
Hec sfle minh:
Vi chdng nen phdi gdng cdng
Ndo ai xUang sat da dong chi day
(Ca dao)
Phu nfl la ngfldi tao dflng (eua ehdng cdng
vd), la ngfldi "tay hdm, cMa khda", la ngfldi giff
gin, bao ve tai san gia dinh (ehdng nhfl cai gid,
vd nhfl edi hom) Ve tinh chat trfle tid^p, ngfldi
phu nff tao Meu qua kinh te khdng kem so vdi
nam gidi Ngay nay, phu nff da khang dinh dfldc
vai trd vd vi tri cfla minh trong ta't ea cdc linh
vfle: kinh td, cMnh tri, vdn hda, ngoai giao, du
lich, cdc hoat dpng khoa hpe, nghe thuat, cdng
nghe thdng tm, thdm Mem, khdm phd cdc hdnh
Hnh, ddc biet Id Knh vfle kinh td vdi tam cd
qudc gia, khu vfle va tren the gidi Vi vay, ranh gidi phan biet Hnh vfle hoat ddng eua phu nff vdi nam gidi khdng cdn rach rdi, eflng nhae nhfl trflde day Nen van minh cdng nghiep ra ddi eung vdi sif phat trien cua cac nganh cdng ngMep, kj' thuat, nhffng dd tbi ldn da tao dieu kien eho phu nff tham gia trfle tiep vao eae nganh nghe ddi hdi ham Ifldng tri tue eao Da cd nhffng phu nff thanh dat trong quan ly eac doanh ngMep ldn, nMeu phu nff la ngfldi lam kinh te ehinh, la tru cdt, la ngfldi ed quyen quyet dinh nhffng viee ldn trong gia dinh Ben canh dd, trong so' cac boat dpng lao ddng mang tinh gian Hep tao ra kiiM te, nhtf quet dpn, na'u an, dpn dep, giat giu, eham sdc ngtfdi gia, tre em do ngtfdi phu nff thtfc Men ludn cMem da sd Theo ban tm thdi stf cfla VTV3 Dai truyen Mnh Viet Nam phat ngay 9-3-2005, thdi gian thflc Men cdng viee gia dinh cfla ngfldi phu nff len tdi 3 gid 30 phut/ngay (trong kM nam gidi la 1 gid 30 phflt) va ngfldi phu nff lam tdi 70% sd Ifldng cdng viee trong gia dinh Dieu ddng ndi la, trflde day, trong quan Mem eua xa hpi eu, cdng viee gia dinh la "nhd nhat" - cdng viee cua dan ba Tren ea hai phfldng dien: 5' ngMa kinh te va cfldng dp lao ddng tW day la mpt quan mem rat sai lam Vi thtfc chat,
do la lao ddng nham tdi san xua't ra sfle lao dpng eho mpi thanh vien trong gia dinh Day la cdng viee ddi hdi cfldng dp lao dpng eao va ton nMeu thdi gian, sfle life eua phu nff Vdi y ngMa nhfl vay, hoat dpng nay vfla ed y ngMa idnh te, vfla
cd f ngMa xa hdi Tuy nMen, khdi Ifldng cdng
viee gia dinh ma ngfldi phu nfl ngay nay phai dam nhan da dfldc giam bdt bdi bd'n ydu td ed ban: sfl xua't Men eua nhieu do dung tien ich; dich vu xa bdi phuc vu eho ddi sd'ng phdt trien;
ngfldi ehdng cd f ihdc ehia se cdng viee nha
eung vdi vd; trao lflu sfl dung ngtfdi giup viee
da va dang trd thanh phd bidn
Nhtf vay, tfl sii rang bupc bdi nhffng ehua'n mflc "nff cdng gia chanh", "te gia ndi Hd", "nang khan sfla tui" , tfl dia vi an theo, phu thudc, ngdy nay, ngfldi phu nff da va dang trd thanh lflc Ifldng lao ddng chinh, cd nhffng ddng gdp ldn eho gia dinh va xa hpi, dfldc xa hpi thfla nhan
Trang 3NGUYEN THI V A N - C 6 N G , DUNG, N G C N , HANH
Ddi sdng xa hdi dang cd nhuhg bflde phdt trien
manh, dieu dd anh hfldng tnic Hep den moi con
ngtfdi, mdi gia dinh Hien nay, d ntfdc ta, kieu
gia dinh hat nhan van cMem ty le cao; van hda,
ddi sdng tam 1^ truyen thd'ng van cdn Mu keo
va bao ve cae gia dinh cd truyen Nhtfng, Hong
Mdng lai, cflng vdi Hen trinh cdng ngMep hda,
Men dai hda, eflng vdi xu Md toan cau hda Men
dai hda ddi sd'ng xa hdi , ddi sdng gia dinh ngtfdi
Viet Nam chdc chan se cd stf dao ldn it nMeu
Do vay, trdch nhiem vdi cdng viee eua ngtfdi
phu nff lai cdng ldn Hp khdng cM duy hi sff tdn
tai cua gia dinh, ma cdn phai sap xep cdng viec
xa hdi mdt cdch khoa hpe; gia dinh vd xa hdi
deu rat can stf toan tam todn f cua hp Pham vi
cdng viec ngdy cdng md rdng, chat Itfdng cdng
viec ngay mdt cao va do vay, de dam nhan dtfde
khd'i Itfdng cdng viec tren, ngtfdi phu nff hien
dai khdng cM can man, kheo leo hay ddn Muan
dflng sfle manh ed bap la du, ma cdn ludn phai
pha'n da'u khdng ngffng ve tri tue, tai nang,
chuyen mdn, hpc van Cudc sd'ng Men dai vd
cflng phtfc tap, thi trfldng bie'n ddi ehdng mat
dan den nhffng rui ro khdn Ifldng, vi vay, phu
nff Men dai cdn can phai cd mpt nghi life pM
thtfdng, mpt tam nMn xa trdng rpng, mdt tinh
than vffng vang va lae quan trtfdc nhffng bie'n
dpng cua eude sd'ng
Trong thdi dai ngdy nay, ngtfdi phu nff hien
dai phan ldn edn tich ctfc Mam gia vao cae hoat
ddng cdng ddng nham xay dtfng mpt mdi trtfdng
xa hdi ldnh manh, nhtf bao ve mdi trtfdng sdng,
phdng chdng te nan xa hpi, da'u tranh vi hda
binh, Day Id mpt chuan miic mdi vd rat can
ddi vdi ngtfdi phu nff Men dai; nd chinh la cMec
rdo chan nhffng mat trdi eua ed che thi trtfdng
tde dpng den van hda, xa hpi, Id edi ngtfdng an
toan bao ve hanh phfle gia dinh Dd la khd'i Ifldng
cdng viee khdng id ddt len ddi vai nhd be eua
ngtfdi phu nff Men dai vd ban than hp cung da
Miic Men nhffng cdng viee nay khdng he thua
kem bat ctf ai Day cMnh la stf ddng gdp cdng
stfe vd bd ben eua ngtfdi phu nff vdo sii phdt
trien ehung cua da't ntfdc va cung la stf cd gang
gin giff net dep, mat Hch ctfc cua chff Cong truyen
Mdng, la sff hda nhap, vtfdn len cua ngtfdi phu
nff de dat tdi tam cao mdi cua Mdi dai
Tuy nMen, chung ta cung tha'y, trong xa hoi Men nay da cd khdng it phu nff mai me vdi cdng viec xa hpi, nhtf ngMen ciiu khoa hpc, Mam gia cdc hoat ddng cdng ddng, cdng tac quan 1^, say
me lam kinh td ma xao nhang viec nha Ciing
da cd nhMig ngfldi phu nff do sa vdo cdc te nan
xa hpi ma bd be hoan toan cdng viec gia dinh, khdng quan tam chdm sdc chdng con, day bao con cdi, chia se mem vui noi budn vdi ngfldi Man Hong gia dinh Dieu nay la mpt Hong nhOlig nguyen nhan chu yeu dan den stf tan vd, ran ntft hanh phue Hong nMeu gia dinh Men dai
Thd hai, "Dung", trong quan mem eua Nho
giao, Id chuan miic ve ve dep cua ngtfdi phu nff Dd Id ve dep Mfly mi, km dao, duyen ddng,
"lieu yeu, dao td" Dieu nay cho thay, ngay Hong quan mem ve Mnh thtfc cua ngtfdi phu nff eung da Me Men vi tri kMem nhtfdng Hong gia dinh vd xa hpi Cdi dep eua ngtfdi phu nff theo quan mem Nho gido cung phai la cdi dep dem lai dieu tdt ldnh, cd ich ldi cho chdng, cho con
("vuang phu ich td"):
Nhitng ngudi thdt ddy lUng ong Vda kheo chiiu chong vtfa kheo nudi con
(Ca dao) Trong quan Mem cua Nho gido, ngtfdi phu nff vdi Man phan phu Mupc eua minh ludn phai chiu nhan nhuc tdi mtfc chdng qudt, chdng mang dau cd Me sai ma van ciii dau, cam chiu:
Chong gidn thi va ldm ldnh Mieng cUdi hdn hd rdng anh gidn gl
(Ca dao)
Va, dfl the ndo, ngtfdi phu nff ch! la thfl ma ngtfdi ta cd Me mua, bdn dtfde:
Ddn bd thdt ddy lung ong Gdt chdn thon nho ddng trdm quan tiin
Ba trdm mpt mil ddn bd Dem vi md trdi chieu hoa cho ngoi
(Ca dao) Ngay nay, dat ntfdc ddi mdi, kinh te phdt triin, day Id dieu kien cd ban kMen cho npi ham ciia
pham Hfl "Dung" cung cd nMeu thay ddi Quan
niem ve ve dep Mnh thtfc cua ngtfdi phu nff Men dai cd them nhieu tieu chi, nhtfng nhin
Trang 4NGUYEN THI V A N - C 6 N G , DUNG, N G 6 N , HANH 49
chung, net dep duyen ddng, thfly mi, nff dnh
cua ngtfdi phu nff truyen Mdng van dtfde de cao
Ldm dep la nhu eau cua ta't ca mpi ngtfdi, ddc
biSt la phu nff Moi thdi cd mdt cdi nMn khde
nhau ve ve dep cua ngtfdi phu nff, nhflhg bao
gid cung vay, cdi dep dd ludn gan vdi vai Hd, vi
tri cua ngfldi phu nff Ngdy nay, ngfldi phu nff
da khing dinh dfldc ban Man Hong gia dinh va
xa hpi, ndng dpng Hdn nMeu Knh vtfc Nhu can
ldm dep cua hp vd yeu cau cfla xa hpi ve edi
dep cung rat eao, khdng mang tinh chat gian
ddn nhtf trtfdc day Ban Man ngtfdi phu nff cung
khdng ngffng phan da'u de ed ve dep toan dien
vl hinh Mflc, tam hdn vd nhan each Xa hpi cung
tao dilu kiSn cho hp ldm dep Cdc trung tam,
edu lac bd, cdc budi tpa ddm, M van ve giff gin
s£c dep vd Mdi thanh xuan, Uen tuc dfldc md
rdng Phu nff ngdy nay f Mtfc rat rd mdt dieu Id
khdng cd ngUdi phu nQ xdu, chi cd ngUdi phu
nQ khdng bie't ldm dep
Dan gian Mtfdng ndi "cdi net danh chet cdi
dep" hay "tdt gd hdn tdt ntfdc sdn", Vdi ngtfdi
phu nff Men nay, cdi net khdng "danh chet edi
dep" Cai net vd cdi dep cflng "cdng hfldng",
giflp cho ngfldi phu nff ngay mpt dep hdn, todn
dien hdn Ngdy nay, npi ham cfla cdi Dep dfldc
quan Mem khdng cM la ve dep ben ngodi, la
Unh thflc md cdn Id tdi nang tri tue, hpc van,
phong cdch tfng xijf Phu nff ngdy nay khdng
cM bidt lam dep cho ban Man, md edn bidt ldm
dep cho gia dinh, cho xa hdi, biet xay dtfng ddi
sd'ng vdn hda mdi cua lang xdm, khu phd', ndi
cdng cdng
Tuy nhien, ngdy nay cung van cdn mdt so'
ngtfdi do qud de cao, Myet ddi hda ve dep Mnh
Mflc, chay Meo nd bang mpi gid mdt cdch mfl
qudng md qudn di ve dep tam hdn vd nhan cdch
Day la mpt quan diem sai lam, gid'ng nhfl lodi
hoa cd s^c ma khdng cd hfldng
Cd dd md khdng cd tham
Nhu hoa ddm but nen cam chdo gi
(Ca dao)
ThQba, "Ngdn ", nhtf Hong "Gia hud'n ca" Mng
viet:
Khi ndi ndng phdi ky kieng khem
Diu ddng tieng thudn ldi mem
CQ ldi chong day mdi nen cda nhd
Trong pham tru Ngon, theo quan niem Nho
gido, ludn ed stf gan ket gifla "tdng" va "dfle"
ma Meo dd, mpt ngfldi phu nff chuan mflc phai Met nghe, lam Meo, Man thu vd dieu kien nhuiig ldi chdng day bao:
Dgy con tQ thud cdn tha Dgy vg tQ thud ba va mdi vi
(Ca dao) Dfldi ehe dp phong kidn, ngfldi vd dfldng nhfl mat het quyen tfl ehu, ddi kM hp cdn ddnh ma't ludn ea ehinh con ngfldi cua minh Theo mpt ngMa nha't dinh, hp la nd le ve gidi Vdi ngfldi phu nff, ngdn M dflng de giao Hep Hong xa hdi phong kien ludn ed nhiMg khudn mau khat khe: lanh, trinh, thfla, vang, da
Ngdn la lay, trinh, thfla, vang, da
(Gia huan ca) Khi ngfldi dan dng ban chinh sfl, ngfldi phu nff ludn ddng vai trd ngfldi phue vu chfl khdng dfldc phep Mam gia, ddc biet Id khdng dfldc nghe
"ldm", khdng ndi chen ngang, ndi leo Dan ba mau mdm ban vao viec ldn hay chinh sfl se bi
che trdch la "nhd cd gd mdi gdy" - f ira chi
dieu ddc, dieu gd Phep tae, quy dinh Hong ngdn ngff giao Hep ludn la dieu can tMet vdi mpi ngfldi
d mpi thdi dai, bdi nd chinh la phfldng tien the Men tnnh dp M duy, the Men net dep vdn hda M duy cua mdi ed nhan, dan tpc, qudc gia Nhflng
nMn chung, quan mem Ngdn Hong xa hdi phong
kidn ndng ve khudn mau, cilng nhic, khdt khe
An sau trong quan Mem ve ngdn ngfl giao Hep dd'i vdi ngfldi phu nff la sfl phan biet ve gidi vd dang cap Hong xa hdi
Ngdy nay, do nhu eau phdt trien eua xa hdi,
do khdi Ifldng cdng viee khdng lo phai giai quyet trong khoang thdi gian eo hep, ngdn ngfl dang dan dfldc tri Me hda, khoa hpe hda Nd dfldc bieu dat ngan gpn, sue Hch, chuyen tdi hdm Ifldng Mdng tm eao Day la mdt yeu cau, nhflhg cung
la mdt flu Me cfla Mdi dai cdng ngMep hda Men dai hda Mdt khde, chflng ta cung phai nMn Ma'y mat Hdi eua ngdn ngff thi trfldng Trong ddi sd'ng
xd hdi, ngdn M chd bfla, Heng ldng, tidng nghe ngMep, ngdy mdt xua't Men nMeu hdn d mdt
bp phan ehi em phu nff, dde biet Id d nhffng
Trang 550 NGUYEN THI V A N - C O N G , DUNG, NGON, HANH
ngtfdi lam nghe ttf do NMeu nff thanh tMeu Men
dang mac do trang hpc trd ma an ndi tMeu van
hda, ludn vdng tuc, ehfli the Cdn ve thi Meu
van hda, do chiu anh hfldng cua cdn ldc nhae
Tay, Hen thi trfldng da xua't Men nMeu bai hat
ed ngdn M khdng trong sdng, tMeu vdn hda; Hao
lflu nhae tre sfldt mfldt, fly mi, cMm dam trong
yeu dfldng bi My xuat Men ngay mdt nhieu
Trong bdi canh ma thdi gian, sfle liie, tri Me ludn
dfldc huy ddng den tdi da, dieu kien sinh boat
dfldc Men dai hda eao, sfl quan tam, gan gui eua
ngfldi me, ngfldi ba dd'i vdi con cdi cung cd xu
hfldng "cdng ngMep hda" Nhflng ldi ru eua ngfldi
phu nfl vdi eon chau ed phan Mem hoi, thay vao
do la nhffng bang dia phim Tay, phim Tau, nhiMg
dd chdi dat Hen, vi tinh, dien M Ba't ky' ai Hong
Mdi thd au dfldc ldn len Hong tidng ru ngpt ngao
cua ba, cua me, cua chi mai se la mdt k^ fle
Myet vdi Nhffng ldi ru ay dffdc chat cMu M cupc
sdng lao ddng, Hanh da'u va bao gid eung Mam
dam ngMa Hnh, dao ly gia tpc, que hfldng To
qud'e
Vdi y ngMa nhfl vay, nguyen tae xfla "hgc dn,
hgc ndi, hgc gdi, hgc md" ma theo do, ldi ndi
cua ngfldi phu nff phai ludn cd phep tae, nha
nhan, km ddo, cd trat tfl tren dfldi vin ludn la
mdt nguyen tac can phai cd dd'i vdi ngfldi phu
nff Men dai Tuy nMen, gid day, nguyen tae ndy
phai gan Uen vdi tri Me, sfl am Meu, phep Uch
sfl chfl khdng phai la thdi dp tuf H Hong giao tidp
nhtf nhflng ngfldi phu nff xffa
Phu nff thdi nay "ndi nhfl the nao"? Tra ldi
dfldc cau hdi ttfdng chflng nhfl ddn gian nay la
ea mdt bi quyet dan tdi thdnh cdng Hong xa hpi
va giff lfla hanh phuc trong gia dinh Nhuiig ldi
day cua cha dng ta trong Mdi dai mdi vin Ma'u
finh dat ly:
Ech chet tgi mieng
(Tuc ngff)
Biet thi thUa thi thdt
Khdng biet dUa cpt md nghe
NgUdi khon dn ndi nda chQng
De cho ngQdi dgi nda mting nda lo
(Ca dao)
Ldi ndi chang mdt tien mua
Lixa ldi md ndi cho vQa long nhau
(Ca dao) Ren giua ldi an Heng ndi cho eac thanh vien trong gia dinh la mdt dieu vd cung quan Hpng, ddc biet la dd'i vdi phu nff Mdt phu nff biet each
"dn", biet cdch "ndi", biet "gdi", biet "md" la bie't ke thffa vd phdt huy nhffng gid hi quy bau trong giao tiep truyen thdng
Thd tQ, "Hanh", trong M Mdng Nho giao, kha
ndng eon ngtfdi thtfdng dtfde danh gid bang luan 15', dao dtfe NgMa Id nha'n manh tinh dang cap, coi nhe ban tinh Hi nMen eua con ngtfdi De fim edn efl 15' Man tfl the gidi quan, ngfldi ta dem
Man thfldng, dao If eua eon ngfldi gdn cho Hdi,
da't vd van vat; bien "tam tdng, M dfle" thanh hda than cua dao dtfe, lay dao Hdi chtfng minh cho dao con ngtfdi Hong Han the Chinh vi le do,
kM giai cap phong kien Viet Nam sfl dung "tff dfle" cua Nho gido lam cdng eu gido hda ddi
vdi ngtfdi phu nff tM nd da ddt dtfc Hgnh vdo vi tri quan trpng bac nha't trong bd'n dfle Hgnh la
cdi can ed, la tam diem, la muc dich de ngtfdi
phu nff vtfdn tdi Hgnh cM hanh kiem, dao dffc,
long nhan di, la stf pha'n da'u Meo nhuiig ehuan miie cua xa hdi Dtfc hanh cua ngtfdi phu nff dtfde Me Men thdng qua cdc mdi quan he xa hoi
va gia dinh: vd ehdng, con edi, eha me, vua t6i, quan than,
Trong xa hpi phong kien, viec gido due Hong gia dinh ludn chfl Hpng viec rdn day ngfldi phu nff phai hien thuc, dffc dp; khdng tan thanh phfldng thflc dd'i khdng manh me, chu trfldng xfl ly uyen chuyen, nhan nhin cdc mdi quan he gia dinh va xa hdi Ngtfdi phu nff khdng cM bilt chu todn mpi viec Hong gia dinh, ma cdn phai biet ddi nhan xfl Me sao cho nhan hau; giff gin danh tieng cho chdng con, eho gia dinh, ddng
tpc Hp phai bidt "ngdm ddng nudt cay", bao ve
Me dien cho chdng, con vd Htfdc ngtfdi Man, be
ban cua chdng, con phai iing xfl sao eho "giau
vi bgn, sang vi vg" Ngtfdi phu nff phai biet chiu
Mtfdng, chiu khd, gdnh vdc cdng viec Hong gia
dinh, thuy chung vd dieu kien, du "trai ndm the
bdy thiep, gdi chinh chuyen mpt chong" Ngfldi
phu nff phai lam Hdn bdn phan "tdng phu", nuoi con, sudt ddi gin giff pham gid Dtfe hanh chinh
la sdi day Mat chat mdi quan he giffa "tam tdng"
Trang 6NGUYEN THI V A N - C 6 N G , DUNG, NGON, HANH 51
va "Mdflc"; lam Hpn "Mdtfc" de Hpn "dao tdng"
Ngay nay, pham hanh cua ngtfdi phu nff v i n
ludn dtfde xem trpng vd ve cd ban, van dtfde
ddnh gid Hen cdc phtfdng dien: Vai Hd ldm con,
vai Hd lam vd, vai Hd ldm me, vai Hd ngtfdi cdng
dan trong xa hpi vd dao dfle nghe ngMep Trong
xa hdi hien dai, ngfldi vd khdng ddn thuan la
ngfldi "nang khdn sfla Mi" eho ehdng, ma cdn Id
ngfldi ban ddi cfla chdng Id ngfldi cflng chung
vai gdnh vdc, thfle Men ta't ea eac chflc ndng cua
gia dinh: chtfe nang sinh san, ehtfc ndng lam kinh
te, chflc nang gido due, chtfe nang thda man nhu
cau tam 1^, finh cam, Vd la ngfldi ban tam giao,
ludn cMa se ngpt bui, cay dang cua cudc ddi, la
ngfldi nang dd, ddng vien, an ui, gidnh Hpn Hnh
yen thfldng cho chdng:
Chong em do rdch em thuang
Chong ngudi do gdm xong huang mgc ngUdi
(Ca dao)
Cdng viee, stf ngMep cua ngtfdi dan dng Hong
Mdi k)' kinh te thi trtfdng cd rat nMeu bien ddng,
may rfli Hdn ai het, ngfldi vd ludn la chd dfla
viing chac eho ngfldi ehdng trong mpi Mem vui,
noi buon Hong dau khd vd ea trong nhffng vap
nga cua cupe ddi Dang sau sii thanh dat cua
ngfldi dan dng la cdng lao to ldn, la sfl hy sinh
cua ngfldi ddn bd Phu nff thdi nay da gdnh vac
trach nMem vdi mpi Mdnh vien trong gia dinh
vdi "mpt tam ldng rdng ldn md ta ed suy ngM
cho sau mdi Meu dfldc" (Xuan Dieu) Nhfl vay,
vai Hd lam vd eua ngfldi phu nff Hong gia dinh
Men dai cung ed nhuiig bidn ddi theo Mdi cupe,
nhflhg nMn chung, v i n dtfa Hen nen tang quan
mem truyen Mdng quy' bdu eua dan tpc
Vai trd lam vd, lam me la tMen chtfe eao ca
cua ngtfdi phu nff d ba't ky' Mdi dai nao, nhtfng
trong xa hdi phong kien, tMdn chflc do kMen
ngfldi phu nff phai ehiu diing, hy sinh qua nMeu
Ngdy nay, mdt phan trdch nhiem do da dfldc
san se eho cdc Mdnh vien Hong gia dinh va xa
hpi, dac biet la sfl cam Mdng, cMa se cua ngfldi
chong Hong cudc sdng Dfl d Mdi diem ndo eua
lich sfl tM Mnh m i u ngfldi me v i n ludn la bieu
Mdng eho sfl Hong sdng, long vi Ma, cao ca, diu
Men Vai Hd lam me Hong xa hdi Men dai khdng
cM ddn thuan Id Mflc Men chflc nang sMh san
"mang ndng de dau", ma chfl yen la ddnh gid
ve viee nudi day con cdi nhfl the ndo Ngay M nhffng giay phflt dau Hen Mnh thanh Hong bung
me, bao thai da cd sfl gan kdt chat che, da sdng bang sfl nudi dfldng cua ngfldi me Khi ehao ddi, quan he dau tien vdi xa hpi eua dfla tre cung ehinh la me Me la Mnh miu dau Hen va sud't ca cupe ddi dfla tre noi theo Me la ngfldi May dau tien va mai la ngfldi nudi day eho con cdch lam ngfldi Ngfldi me ddng vai Hd rat quan trpng trong viec day cho con eai biet dn da'ng sinh thdnh
Cdng cha nhU niii Thdi San NghTa me nhu nUdc trong ngudn chdy ra Mpt long thd me kinh cha
Cho trdn chQ hieu mdi Id dgo con
(Ca dao)
Bie't yeu thuang anh chi em:
Mpt gigt mdu ddo han ao nUdc la; (Tuc ngQ) Mpt con ngiXa dau cd tdu bo co; (Tuc ngQ) Khdn ngoan ddi ddp ngUdi ngodi
Gd Cling mgt me chd hodi dd nhau
(Ca dao)
Biet trpng ban be (Dau dugm bdc ddi); biet cMa se vdi mpi ngfldi (Hdng xdm tat Ida tdi den
cd nhau); biet kinh thay (Khdng thdy do mdy ldm nen); biet yeu Td qude, yen ddng bdo, yen
epi ngudn dan tde:
Bau ai thuang lay bi cimg Tuy rdng khac gidng nhung chung mpt gidn (Ca dao)
Me cdn la ngtfdi ren luyen y Mflc say me lao dpng cho eon:
Ai ai bung bdt cam day Deo tham mpt hgt ddng cay mudn phdn;
Cd ldm thi mdi cd dn Khdng dung ai de dem phdn de'n cho
(Ca dao)
Vd, day cung la qud trinh ngfldi phu nff tfl nMn nhan, M dfldng, hoan tMen ban than, trd thanh ta'm gfldng sang cho con:
Cdy xanh thi Id cung xanh Cha me hiin ldnh de phuc cho con
(Ca dew)
Cd the ndi, lich sfl dan tde ta da bflde sang mdt Hang mdi, nhflng quan Mem ve cdng, dung,
Trang 752 NGUYEN TH| V A N - C O N G , DUNG, N G 6 N , HANH
ngdn, hanh cua Nho giao vin cdn ed nhiMg anh
hfldng nha't dinh de'n ngfldi phu nff trong thdi
dai ngdy nay De phdt huy gid tri tich efle, ddng
Mdi ban che nhuiig anh hfldng Heu efle cfla "Ttf
dtfc" vdi ngtfdi phu nff Viet Nam ngay nay, ddi
hdi chflng ta phai thflc Men ddng bd cac giai
phdp cd ban Trflde bet, phai ddi mdi nhan thflc
ve pham trfl cdng, dung, ngdn, hanh eho phfl
hdp vdi xa hpi Men dai vdi nMeu bien ddi nhfl
vu bao Ben canh do, phai ddi mdi ehe dp, ehinh
sdch xa hpi ddi vdi phu nff vd gia dinh Dang,
Nhd nflde va cdc doan the quan chung khi dfla
ra bat ky' mpt quydt sdch ndo deu phai tinh tdi
ddc thu ve gidi, ve sfle khde, ve tMen ehtfc cua
ngtfdi phu nff de ed nhuhg chinh sdch phfl hdp,
dam bao stf cdng bang Hong xa hdi NhiMg ehinh
sdch hd trd phu nff phat trien phai dtfde thiic
Men tren mpi Knh vtfc, mpi nganh nghe, mpi
Iffa Mdi, dia vi Stf quan tam cua cae cap ehinh
quyen den nff gidi phai dam bao tinh todn dien,
khdng ehi ehu Hpng ve ddi sdng vat cha't, ma
edn xem Hpng ea ddi sdng tuih Man, stfe khde,
tri Me, van hda, van nghe, the thao Day Mtfc
chat la qud trinh dau M cMeu sau cho Mdng lai,
dau M ed ban eua Dang vd Nha ntfdc nham Muc
day xa hdi phdt trien theo dinh htfdng xa hdi
ehu ngMa Mat khde Men nay d Viet Nam cdn
tdn tai nhieu Men ttfdng bat binh dang gidi,
khdng cM cd nff gidi ma ddi khi, cd ca nam gidi
cung chiu stf bat binh dang, eung chiu nMeu dp
llic tff phu nff De thife hien dtfde quyen binh
dang nam, nff Hong xa hdi, can phai ed nMeu
yeu td, nhtf quan diem dung dan eua Dang vd
chinh sach phfl hdp cua Nhd nflde, sii flng hd
cua dfl Man xa hdi, sfl Meu biet, ddng finh cua
nam gidi, dde biet Id sfl nd life het minh nhkm
khang dinh ban Man Hen mpi Knh vtfc cua phu
nff, stf kien quyet da'u tranh chd'ng lai bao Iiic
gia dinh, xda bd quan Mem cd hu, lae hau "trgng
nam khinh nQ", "dong con ddng cua", "trdi sinh voi, trdi sinh co" Cung vdi stf da'u tranh doi
quyen binh dang Hong xa hdi, ngtfdi phu nff Men dai eung phai bidt Han Hpng, ke Mffa mdt cdch sdng tao nhffng pham chat cao qu5' cua ngtfdi phu nff Viet Nam truyen thdng, nhtf dam dang, chung thuy, ehiu thtfdng chiu khd, giau long nhan ai, nhan nai hy sinh
Tim Meu dao xtfa cua cha dng la can tMet dl hpc vd phdt huy cdi hay, cdi dep cua dtfdng ldi gido due xtfa, duy tri dao 1^ truyen thd'ng cda dan tde Thtfc te lich sfl da chflng minh, ngfldi phu nff chiu anh htfdng eua Nho gido tM Mfly
mu, net na, dtfe hanh Tuy nMen, mat Hdi ciia hpc thuye "Tam tdng, M dtfc" da gieo vdo con ngtfdi dau dc dia vi, M Mdng gia trtfdng, stf phan biet dang cap; ngtfdi phu nff qud le thupc vao ngtfdi ddn dng, hp bi cpt chat vdo Knh viic gia dinh ma khdng cd dieu kien phdt huy tai ndng cung nhtf thtfc Men nhiing khao khdt chinh dang cua minh Ngtfdi phu nff d the ky XXI da c6 dieu kien xa hpi, gia dinh, ed quyen vd cd Hdch nMem de phdt huy tdi ndng, dtfc hanh cua minh Nhtfhg day cung Id thdi didm khae ngMet ciia kinh td thi Htfdng, dao dffc, pham hanh cua phu nff bi thfl Mdeh gay gat Day Mifc sfl la mpt cuoc da'u Hanh day phtfc tap giffa nhiftig didu tdt dep
va nhuiig edi xa'u xa Trong eude da'u Hanh nay, ddi hdi ngtfdi phu nff phai giff gin dtfde nhiing dtfc tinh qu5' bdu cua dan tde, ddng thdi phat trien trinh dp, kien thtfc, chuan mtfc Men dai Trong dd, nhffng gid Hi tich ciic cua pham trii
"Ttf dtfc" se gdp phan giup ngtfdi phu nff Viet Nam Men nay vtfdn tdi ve dep hoan tMen, phil hdp vdi thdi dai, xulig ddng vdi tdm chff vang
ma Chu tich Ho CM Mmh tdng: "Anh hflng -Ba't khua't - Trung hau - Dam dang"
MM
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