THOMC TIM VAN HOA NGHE THUAT VAN HOA NGHE THUAT VI SU PHAT TDIEN CONG DONG 6 VIET NAM NGUYfiN PHUONG ANH Viet Nam la nudc dang phat trien vdi ddy du CO hdi va thach thtfc, mang de'n n
Trang 1THOMC TIM VAN HOA NGHE THUAT
VAN HOA NGHE THUAT
VI SU PHAT TDIEN CONG DONG 6 VIET NAM
NGUYfiN PHUONG ANH
Viet Nam la nudc dang phat trien vdi
ddy du CO hdi va thach thtfc, mang
de'n nhidu didu kien thuan lgi cho sir
phdt trien eua van hda va nghe thuat vi sir phat
tridn cdng ddng, dac biet la khi cdc nghe si vd
cac nha thuc hdnh Viet Nam cd nhidu ca hdi
giao luu hon vdi ben ngodi
Cd the ndi nghe si Trdn Luang la mdt ngudi
di tien phong trong linh vuc ndy tu nhung nam
90 ciia the ky trudc Trdn Luang vd nhung
ngudi ban cua anh ltic ban ddu khdng cd muc
dich tie'p can van hda phat
tridn cdng ddng theo kidu
gido khoa Chinh qua qud
trinh ldm nghe thuat, hg
tha'y rdng mat bdng dan trf
vd CO hdi tiep can nghe
thuat cua ngudi dan cdn
thdp Hon nQa la nghe sl hg
cdn cd cdng chiing, hg cdn
ngudi hieu tieng ndi xa hdi,
tieng ndi nhan van, cac gid
tri vd con ngudi, vd dan tgc,
vd cdi dep md tae pham eua
minh dem lai Chi'nh vi vay budc dau tien hg da
cd nhung didu chinh dd tae pham de'n gdn cdng
chting vd cd sir tuong tac vdi cdng chting Tfnh
dd'i thoai nay duge thd hien qua eac dtr an ndi
bat cita thdi ky ay nhu: Md than Mgo Khe nam
2001, Ben bdsong Hdng n&mlOOl,Tdi hda tan
nam 2004 Trong dtr an Md than Mgo Khe, 11
nghe Sl da sd'ng d khu md trong 2 tudn, cting
lam viec vdi cdng nhan md, xud'ng hdm Id, vdo
nhung vung nguy hidm Sau dd hg xay dung y
tudng tac pham, cd sir trao ddi qua lai vd y
tudng vdi cdng nhan ham Id, lam tac phdm vd
cd trien lam d chfnh dia phuong, mdi dan dia
phuang de'n xem tac phdm 4 thdng sau, tridn
Lmh vuc van hda phat triin cong dong la mot khai niem todn cau, tuong floi mdfi, vdfi khoang mot vdi thap ky thoc nghiem, hoc hdi vd tac dong CO the thay van hoa nghf thuat vi sir phat triin Gdng dong cd mfit sufc manh vd cung ldn, ily van hoa iam phirong tien de phdn anh va gop phin giii quylt cac van d l Idfn cua sir phdt triin xa hOi
lam dugc lam lai tai Ha Ndi Video cua dtr an nay da dugc mang di trinh chie'u d nhidu nudc nhu Trung Qudc, Anh, My, Australia, Dtfc Chinh nhu'ng ngudi cdng nhan ham Id da phat bidu: "40 nam nay chua cd nhung ngudi nghe si nao ldm thay ddi chting tdi nhidu nhu the nay, eac nghe si da lam thay ddi ddi sd'ng cua mo
Mao Khe" Hay nhu trong du an Ben bd sdng Hdng, cac nghe si da tie'p can vdi nhung nhdm
ngoai Id xa hdi, lam cdc cdng viec thu mua phe lieu Hg dd'i thoai vdi ngudi dan dia phuang,
dting cac vat phe thai lam vat lieu cho tde pham sdp dat ciia minh vd tridn lam cud'i cting cQng dugc dung
d ngay bai rdc thai tren bd sdng Hdng Ngudi dan dia phuong da hodn todn bi bai ngd khi nhung vat thai vd'n
la de muu sinh, nhu cdn ac mdng trong ddi sdng hang ngdy da trd thdnh hinh anh khde han, la vat lieu tao nen cdc tac phdm nghe thuat, co phdn hdn Hai dtr an nay la nhung vi dtr dien hinh cita cac du dn nghe thuat mang tinh ddi thoai vd tie'p xiic vdi cdc tdng ldp xa hdi
Qua giai doan dau may md tiep can vdi van hda phdt trien cdng ddng, cac nghe si Viet Nam nhan ra rdng phai cd nghien cun ve phat trien cdng ddng, phai hgc hdi them va thay ddi hinh thuc nghe thuat ciia minh Ne'u muc dich d thdi
ky ddu la cd gdng dua ye'u td dd'i thoai vao nghe thuat han lam, nghe thuat duong dai thi d giai doiin s lu lai nha'n manh den viec trao phuang ti^n nghe thuat vdo tay ngudi dan, tao didu kien
de ngudi dan phdn anh nhung van de cua chfnh
hg Khi dd vai trd cua ngudi nghe si chi cdn la
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ngudi ddn ddt, la facilitator Trdn Luong da cd
mdt loat du an nghe thuat vi cdng ddng vdi Hdi
ddng Anh, vdi UNDR UNICEF, BCC Du an
Nhifng gigt ntfdc anh lam vdi Chuang trinh Thuy
sdn ciia DSQ Dan Maeh Id mdt vf du didn hinh
Chfnh Trdn Luong da phat bieu ve qua trinh
tidp can vd lam nghe thuat vi cdng ddng: "Xa
hdi cdn vd minh thay trdch nhiem nen lam, ne'u
khdng thi khdng bie't bao nhieu lau nua nhung
vung ngheo dd va nhQng con ngudi dd mdi thay
dugc nhan quan vd gid trj van hda vd gid tri ciia
chfnh hg Hg klidng bidt Id hg cd gia tri, chi sau
khi hg tham gia hg bidt rdng hg cd kha nang, cd
tieng ndi va cat len tie'ng ndi ay vd cdc phuong
tien nghe thuat cd kha nang gitip hg ndi len
chfnh kie'n ciia minh"
Phan Y Ly la mdt guong mat hoat ddng ndi
bat khde Cd cd may mdn la duge ddo tao bdi ban
cap hgc thiic sl d Anh cho chuyen ngdnh Sdn
khdu vd truyen thdng cho phdt trien cpng ddng
Budc khdi ddu, ed da cd ca hdi ldm viec vd hgc
hdi vdi nhd hat David Glass (Anh) vd sdn khdu
dien ddn - sir dtrng san khau cho dd'i thoai 2
chidu: didn vien dd ra van dd chua dugc giai
quyei tren san khau vd khan gia gdp phan giai
quyet van dd Cd nhidu vdn dd ciia cdng ddng
khd nhay cam khdng dugc thao luan vd khdng
dugc chia se giua cdc thanh vien, vi vay nen
khdng cd each giai quyet, khdng hgc hdi ttr
nhau, khdng phan bien duge Nhung neu sir dung
hinh thtfc san khau didn ddn thi khan gia khdng
chi cd the tie'p nhan md cdn cd kha nang cdt len
tieng ndi vd chi'nh kie'n cua minh Tiep theo nam
2007 Ly doat giai cudc thi Ngdy sdng tgo Viet
Nam cua Ngan hang The gidi cho y tudng dir an
Cupc ddi cua tdi, cdi nhin cita tdi Dd la cau
chuyen eiia cac em d bai giua sdng Hdng, cac
em dugc trao mdy quay phim de tu lam phim vd
cudc sdng cua chfnh cac em Bd phim Thdo
nguyen xanh tuai la qua trinh tu nhan thtic ban
than, ttJ dat cau hdi vd tu tra ldi, suy nghT vd udc
ma, tuong lai, nguyen nhan va kei qua trong
cudc sd'ng cua chinh minh Tai sao cha me tdi
lai d day, lam sao de cudc sd'ng ciia minh dugc
td't hon, ngodi minh ra cd ai gid'ng minh khdng,
minh ed the lam gi, minh nen lam gi Ldn ddu
tien cac em lam mdt bd phim tai lieu vd cdc van
dd ma eac em mud'n ngudi khde quan tam, va khdng cd sir can thiep vd thdng tin vd hinh anh ttr ngudi ldn Cae em dugc dat ten cho the gidi theo con mdt ciia minh bdng viec tu chgn chii dd, ttr quay va bien tap phim
Dugc thanh lap nam 2008, Trung tam Phat tridn Cdng ddng vd Hd trg Nghe thuat Lae Viet vdi eac thdnh vien la cac nghe si va nhd hoat ddng van hda tre dang ttmg budc khdng dinh sir ddng gdp cua minh cho nghe thuat vi sir phat tridn cdng ddng d Viet Nam Trung tam trong 2 nam lien tie'p 2008 vd 2009 da ehien thdng trong cudc thi Ngdy sang tao Viet Nam do Ngan hdng the gidi td chtfe Hai du an ciia Trung tam Lac Viet ddu hudng tdi ddi tugng Id gidi tre trong sir phdt trien xa hdi Trong du an thtf nhat, cdc em hgc sinh PTTH d Ha Ndi da tham gia vdo cudc thi viei kich ban quang cao truydn hinh vd dd tdi
ve sinh an todn thirc phdm Sau dd 3 nhdm cd kich ban xuat sdc nhdt da duoc ddo tao de tu quay phim va xay dimg clip quang cdo cua minh Qudng cdo ndy da dugc phdt sdng midn phi tren VTV6 - kenh truyen hinh ddnh eho thanh nien O du an thir hai, dd tai ehdng tham nhung, mdt dd tai tudng nhu khd cung vd khd lam da dugc eac sinh vien 4 trudng dai hgc ldn
d Ha Ndi hudng ung thdng qua hinh thtfc san khdu cgng ddng Cdc em xay dinig kich ban, tu dan dung vdi sir trg giup eua dao didn chuyen nghiep vd cdng didn cho cdc ban hgc sinh ddng khda cita minh Vdi hai dtr dn tren, gidi tre da duge trirc tie'p tham gia vdo qua trinh sdng tao vd gdp phdn dua tie'ng ndi cua minh dd nang cao nhan thirc vd tham gia vdo qud trinh gidi quyet cdc van dd ndng cua xa hdi
Vdy nhung khd khdn vd ca hpi cho vdn hda, nghe thudt vi sU phdt trien cpng ddng a Viet Nam Id gi?
Dinh nghia ve van hda vd phdt tridn cdng ddng Id khai niem tuong dd'i mdi nen nhan thue
xa hdi vd nd tai Viet Nam cdn han che
Chua cd cac nghien ctJu vd ddo tao bai ban tai Viet Nam
Lire lugng lam viec cdn mdng, nhidu nghe sl
cd ky nang nghe thuat nhung lai e ngai di theo con dudng phdt tridn cdng ddng
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Trang 3THOMC TIM VAN HOA NGHE THUAT
V A ] \ HOA K 1 \ H DOAXH
TRONG CAC DOANH NGHIEP
I
NHO VA V D A 6 VIET NAM
PHUNG Q U 6 C H l £ U
Vai net ve van hda va
van hda kinh doanh
Da cd rat nhidu each
danh gia, nhan dinh vd van
hda theo cac gdc do khae
nhau Tir viec dinh nghia
van hda theo hinh thiic
bidu hien nhu van hda vat
cha't va van hda tinh than
(van hda vat the vd van
hda phi vat the), theo
nghia gd'c cua ttr d phuang
Tay (vdn hoa: vun trdng),
hay phuang Ddng vdi tu
tudng vdn tri gido hda
(gido due ve dep cua con
ngudi trong ddi sd'ng),
ehirng ta cd the thay mgi cdch nhan dinh ddu di
de'n mdt diem chung vd van hda dd Id sir gido
dire, vun trdng cho nhan each con ngudi ngdy
cang hoan thien Xuat phdt ttr nhung nhan thtfc
neu tren ta thay ndi de'n van hda la ndi de'n con
ngudi, chit the ctia mgi sir sdng tao Con ngudi
vdi nhirng dac trung rieng biet de dd ddng phan
biet vdi bat cti sinh vat ndo khac, con ngudi vdi
nhung tinh cdch vd khdt vgng vuon tdi nhung
gid tri trudng tdn chan - thien - my
Nhu vay, khdi niem van hda cd ndi ham rdt
rdng vdi nhiing gia tri vat chat va tinh thdn, gdp
phan lam ndn tang dinh hudng cho hdnh ddng
va ldi sd'ng cita mgi hoat ddng ed nhan vd cdng
ddng, dd vuon tdi nhung gia tri thdm my cao
dep trong md'i quan he hai hda giua ttr nhien, xa
hdi, con ngudi Vd qua dd chirng ta cd the nhan
Van hoa la mot iinh voc da dang va phufc tap, CO tac dong va anh hudng toi nhieu mat cua nen kinh te, xa hoi Oac biet trong lmh vuc kinh te thuong mai, van hoa da va dang trd thanh mot nhan
to CO tac dong toi moi khia canh cua hoat dong kinh doanh nhu tliiet lap moi trudng kinh doanh, to chuc quan ly kinh doanh, cac quan he ung xuf trong moi trudng kinh doanh, tao lap phong each va ban sac van hda trong kinh doanh Khong nhung the, van hda cdn ddng vai trd dac biet quan trong gdp phan djnh hudng gia trj - quyet djnh xu the phat trien dung hudng va ben vung cho mdi doanh nghiep
dinh: "Van hda la toan bo nhung gia tri vat chat va tinh thdn ma lodi ngudi da sang tao ralrong qua trinh lich sir"(I)
Van hda' ddng vai tro didu tie't va ddn ddt sir phat tridn eiia toan xa hdi, sir tham gia dd ngay cang dugc the hien mdt each ro net va tao nen nhung linh virc van hda dac thu nhu van hda chinh tri, van hoa phdp luat, van hda ton giao, van hda giao due, van hda gia dinh hay van hda kinh doanh
Kinh doanh Id viec cdc td chdc hodc cd nhdn tham gia vdo mpt hay nhieu cdng dogn cita qud trinh ddu tu td sdn xud't de'n luu thdng, tieu thu hodc cung dng cdc dich vu tren tlii trudng Kinh doanh la mdt hoat ddng ca ban
eua ndn kinh te, ludn gdn vdi hang hda vd thi trudng, muc dich chinh Id dem lai lgi nhuan eho chu thd kinh doanh, kinh doanh ngay nay da trd thanh mdt nghd dugc tdn vinh trong xa hdi qua
dd tao ra mgt bd phan cdng ddng vdi ten goi
doanh nhdn Tuy nhien, kinh doanh khdng chi
hudng tdi mdt mite tieu duy nhat la lgi nhuan, tao ra that nhieu gia tri thang du ma ddi hoi phai dam bao dap ung dugc cac gia tri va chuan muc vd van hda Dieu nay chfnh la ndi dung cua van hda kinh doanh Nd tdn them gia tri va
y nghia cho nghd kinh doanh va mat khac cQng
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Trang 4THOMC TIM VAN HCIA NGHE THUAT
than, trong hdnh trinh di de'n nhan thtfc vd hu
vd, Nguydn Gia Thidu ddu da cd don tdt dinh
vdn mong dugc phan than thanh ngudi khac dd
tu quan sat liii minh, dd cdt nghia vd cai cd ly
va phi ly, cai cd the va khdng thd trudc menh
mang bd khd cdi ddi, tu dd cd mdt sir tfng xtr
dung ddn vdi nd Thi ra trong thdm sau tidm
thtfc ctia thi nhan tai ttr bac nhat nay, nggn lira
cua linh yeu ddi, yeu cuge sdng va khat vgng
dugc sd'ng y nghia ludn chay sang Vd cd phdi
vay chang nen chiec bdng cua Nguydn Gia
Thidu da trd thanh bat tir mac du hinh ciia nd da
tan bien vao cdi hu vd?
Mdng tudng, suy ngdm cting nhQng ddng
phe binh mdi lii, nhung trang viei dat den gid tri
vua la khoa hgc vua la nghe thuat ciia Dd Lai
Thtiy, ngudi dgc khdng thd khdng nhan thay
thanh cdng dang kd trong ung dung ly thuyet
phan tam hgc: vua ly giai van ban, vtra sang tao
van ban, vtra la nha khoa hgc, vua la mdt nghe
Sl Dd Lai Thuy vdi nhung trang van tinh te, tai
hoa, khtic chiet, phdng tting, linh hoat da vugt
qua ldi phe binh dan dieu, eu ky chi dap tfng ldi
doc truydn thd'ng theo cam tfnh, thti dgng, nha
phe binh da trd thdnh ngudi dgc tfch cue, dd'i
sanh kinh nghiem ctia ban than vdi kinh
nghiem ctia tac gia tu dd khdng nhQng tu tim
thay ma cdn giup ngu'di dgc tfm thdy y nghia
ddi them cua tde phdm Nguyen Gia Thieu ddi
thoai vdi bdng chi la mdt minh chung nhd
trong sir ddng gdp ddy trf tue va tam huyet cita
Dd Lai TTitiy: Lam hdi sinh d Viet Nam mdt
phuang phap giau tidm nang tfng dung nghien
ctfu van hoc nghe thuat ndi rieng va cac ngdnh
thudc khoa hgc xa hgi ndi chung: phuang phdp
nghien ctfu phan tam hgc •
CTH
1 Dpc D6 Lai Tliijy, Nguyen Gia Thieu ddi Ihogi vdi
bong trong But phdp cua ham mudn, N.xb Tri thuc Ha
Npi, 2009
2 Nhieu tiic giii, Nghien cuu vdn hgc Viet Nam
nhung khd ndng vd thdch thuc N.xb Tlie gidi Ha Npi,
2009 tr 176
3,4 5,6, 7 8.9 D 6 Lai Thiiy But phdp cua ham mudn
N.xb 7// thitc Ha Noi 2(X)9, tr.95 97, 100 112, 118, 115
VAN HOA NGHE THUAT
(Tiep theo trang 101) Cac nghe si lam phat trien cdng ddng nhidu khi chiu stfc ep vi cac dan vi chu quan va nha tdi trg dp dat tieu chf eua td ehtfc minh vd cac tieu ehi vd phat trien vao cdng viec sang tao nghe thuat, nhan manh ket qua hon la qua trinh, bdi toan ddu ra da dugc an dinh sdn
Ddi tugng tie'p can va hudng lgi ttr eac du an cdn hiin hep, cdc hinh thuc cdn han che
Ben cgiili do, vdn hda vd nghe thudt vi sit phdt trien cpng ddng cung cd nhieu ca hpi va dpng life
Trong gidi hoat ddng phdt trien xa hdi da bdt ddu hidu rdng de thay ddi cdng ddng mdt each ben vQng phai bdt ngudn ttr van hda eua cdng ddng dd chu khdng phai dp dat mdt ndn van hda khac Didu nay ddng nghia vdi viec coi trgng sang tao cua ngudi dan dia phuang, kien thtfc ban dia, phdt tridn va luu tam den van hda ban dia Vai trd cua cdng viec sang tao trong phat tridn xa hdi ngdy cdng dugc khdng dinh: sir dung eac loai hinh nghe thuat khac nhau dd ddn de'n ddi thoai, ttr dd'i thoai ra hdnh ddng, tif hanh dgng ra thay ddi
Tinh hieu qua cao cua nghe thuat vi phat tridn cdng ddng nhu mdt hinh thuc mdi de phan dnh va giai quyet eac van dd eua sir phat tridn Tinh dd tiep can cua van hda nghe thuat vi sir phat trien cgng ddng Mgi ddi tucmg, mgi dja phuong, mgi ldng nghd ddu ed the la dd'i tugng ctia loai du an nay Ngay ca cac dd'i tugng thiet thdi hoac ngoai Id xa hdi cung cd the dugc khuye'n khich de the hien chfnh kien cua minh
Nhidu nghe si tre ngodi lam nghe thuat vi cdi tdi, da bat ddu cd sir y thuc va didu chinh dd cdng
viec sang tao nghe thuat ctia minh de'n gdn hem vdi cdng chung va phuc vu sir phat tridn xa hdi Chung ta cd quydn hy vgng vao su phdt tridn
va ddng gdp cua van hda nghe thuat vi cdng ddng d Viet Nam Chfnh quyen, cac td ehtfc xa hdi, cdc nghe si va ngudi dan cdn hidu them vd khai niem nay va gdp sue vdo sir thuc hanh, vao ddi thoai dd van hda nghe thuat vi sir phat tridn cdng ddng thirc sir mang lai lgi ich cho ngudi dan va da't nudc •
N.RA
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