Ke thfla va phat trien tinh than khoan dung Hd Chi Minh la dieu kien quan trgng, la nhan td ed ban de xay dflng ddng thuan xa hgi va dai doan ke't dan tde d Viet Nam hien nay.. Dd'i vdi
Trang 1KE THUTA VA PHAT HUY TINH THAN KHOAN DUNG HO CHI IVIINH TRONG XAY DUNG DONG THUAN XA HOI VA DAI DOAN KET DAN TOC
N G U Y £ N T A N H U N G (*)
Khoan dung, nhdn di Id truyen thong tdt dep cua ddn tgc Viet Nam Tren cC sd ke thda truyin thdng khoan dung ciia ddn tgc ket hgp vdi chgn lgc vd tiep thu tinh hoa vdn hoa nhdn loqi, ddc biet Id tinh thdn nhdn vdn cgng sdn cua chu nghla Mdc - Lenin ChU tich Ho Chi Minh
dd ldm phong phu them tit tUdng khoan dung truyin thdng, ndng tU tiidng dy len mgt tdm cao mdi - vdn hoa khoan dung Ho Chi Minh Tit tttdng khoan dung Ho Chi Minh Id bdi hgc ldn do'i vdi nhdn ddn ta trong qud trinh ddi mdi, thiic Men cong nghiep hoa, hien dqi hoa dd't niidc, hoa nhdp vdo xu the phdt trien chung cua nhdn loqi Kethtia vd phdt trien tinh thdn khoan dung
Ho Chi Minh Id diiu kien quan trgng, Idnhdn tdccf bdn di xdy dUng dong thudn xd hgi vd dqi dodn ket ddn tgc d Viet Nam hien nay
Vno^ h e ky XX - mdt t h e ky day bien ddng
vdi cac cugc each m a n g r u n g c h u y e n
IS t h e gidi, l a m t h a y dd'i sd' p h a n eac
dan tdc T h e ky XX cung la t h e ky cua
h a n g t r a m cugc chien t r a n h ldn nhd m a
tieu bieu la h a i cugc dai chien t h e gidi
k h u n g khiep, t r o n g dd l i n d a u tien bom
nguyen tfl dfldc dfla r a sfl d u n g de h u y
diet loai ngfldi Cdn h a i hflng trfldc vu k h i
giet ngfldi h a n g loat cdn chfla q u a khdi
thi loai ngfldi lai d a n g p h a i dd'i phd vdi
mgt de dga mdi: sfl kich ddng va trdi day
cua nhflng tfl tfldng cflc doan, p h a t xit,
chu n g h i a k h u n g bd', ehien t r a n h sac tdc,
tdn giao, n a n ky t h i c h u n g tgc, cd nguy
cd keo loai ngfldi vao vdng xoay eua mdt
cdn Id'c bao lflc mdi
Trong bd'i c a n h ay, bfldc vao t h e ky
XXI, n h a n loai k h d n g ed k h a t vgng n a o
k h a c hdn, ldn h d n la dfldc sd'ng t r o n g hda
binh, hflu nghi, h i e u biet v a t h d n g cam
l i n n h a u , c h a p n h a n sfl k h a c biet de e u n g
hdp tac va p h a t t r i e n Vi v^y, n a n g eao
h d n nfla ldng k h o a n d u n g la n h i e m vu
eua t o a n n h a n loai
Viet N a m la mgt d a n tdc yeu chugng hda binh, cd t r u y e n thd'ng k h o a n dung,
n h a n nghia, hda hieu C h u tich Hd Chi
M i n h da tflng ndi: "Dan tdc t a la mdt d a n tdc giau ldng ddng t i n h v a bae ai"(l) va chinh Ngfldi la d i n h cao, la t i n h hoa ciia
t i n h t h i n k h o a n dung, n h a n ai Viet N a m Tfl tfldng k h o a n d u n g Hd Chi M i n h la s a n
p h a m eua sfl k e t hdp n h u i n n h u y e n nhflng gia t r i t r u y e n thd'ng Viet N a m vdi
t i n h hoa v a n hda n h a n loai Hd Chi M i n h
k h d n g nhflng d a k e thfla t r u y e n thd'ng
k h o a n dung, n h a n ai eua d a n tde Viet
N a m , m a cdn n a n g t r u y e n thd'ng ay len
t a m cao mdi b a n g viec k e t hdp nd vdi ehu
n g h i a n h a n v a n edng s a n eua ehu n g h i a Mac - Lenin C h i n h chu n g h i a n h a n v a n
ay la n h a n to' t a o n e n bfldc n g o a t ve c h a t
t r o n g q u a t r i n h h i n h t h a n h va p h a t t r i e n
(*) Tien si, TrUdng Dai hpc Su pham The due the thao, Tp Hd Chi Minh
(1) Hd Chi Minh Todn tap, t.4 Nxb Chinh tri
Qudc gia, Ha Npi, 2000, tr 160
Trang 2NGUYEN TAN HUNG
tu tudng Hd Chi Minh Khoan dung chinh
la diem ndi bat nhat trong tU tudng nhan
van Hd Chi Minh Cd the khang dinh, tU
tudng khoan dung Hd Chi Minh la bai
hgc ldn ddi vdi nhan dan ta trong qua
trinh ddi mdi dat nUdc, hda nhap vao xu
the phat trien chung ciia nhan loai Ke
thfla va phat trien tinh than khoan dung
Hd Chi Minh la dieu kien quan trgng, la
nhan td ed ban de xay dflng ddng thuan
xa hgi va dai doan ke't dan tde d Viet Nam
hien nay
1 Dac trifng cd ban cua tvt tt^d^ng
khoan dung Ho Chi Minh
Khoan dung khdng phai la net rieng
ciia dan tdc nay hay dan tdc khac, ma
dfldc hinh thanh tfl lich sfl eua nhieu dan
tde trong cude mflu sinh va bao ve pham
gia cua minh Dd'i vdi dan tdc Viet Nam,
tinh t h i n va thai do khoan dung da hinh
thanh tfl rat sdm va the hien trong sinh
hoat cdng ddng, trong each flng xfl, trong
quan he bang giao vdi cac nfldc, trong
viee tiep thu nhflng tinh hoa van hda cua
cae dan tde khac O phfldng dien dao dflc
hay sinh hoat tdn giao, q u i n chung nhan
dan ddi khi chu ddng ddn nhan eai mdi
(chfl khdng chi thu ddng chd ddi tin hieu
tfl nha c i m quyen), sang lgc va cai bien
cho phu hdp vdi dao dflc, ld'i sd'ng, phong
tuc tap quan cua minh; ddng thdi, san
sang, bang each nay hay each khac, phan
flng cac ehuan mflc dao dflc, cac tieu chi
chinh tri cd tinh ap dat, cflng n h i c cua
ngoai bang Cd the tim thay bang chflng
sinh ddng cua thai do khoan dung nay
trong qua trinh ngfldi Viet tiep can Nho
giao va Phat giao Nho giao du nhap vao
Viet Nam thoat d i u theo chan quan xam
Ifldc phfldng Bac, nhflng vdi thdi gian,
chiu sfl tham dinh ciia sinh hoat cdng
ddng, mgt mat, nd dfldc t i n g ldp tri thflc
nfldc ta sfl dung d binh dien dao dflc, ld'i sdng, due ket thanh nhflng bai hge phd quat ve ren luyen nhan each va tri thflc;
mat khdc, nd dfldc cac trieu dai phong
kien Viet Nam van dung vao viec cung ed' cae dinh che phap luat, bao dam d'n dinh
xa hdi Cflng vdi Nho giao, cac thanh tflu khae eua van hda Trung Qud'c cung de lai dau an dam net trong phong each sang tae, tfl duy, bd sung vao he thd'ng flng xfl ciia ngfldi Viet Nam trong sud't nhieu the
ky Phat giao vdi he thd'ng ly luan kha chat che va mdt triet ly nhan sinh giau tinh vi tha, bac ai da dfldc eac t i n g ldp nhan dan ddn nhan, lam phong phu them van hda tam linh cua minh
Nhfl vay, ed the ndi rang hdi nhap cd ehgn lgc cac gia tri tfl ben ngoai vao ddi sd'ng eua ngfldi Viet Nam la dflc tinh cd hflu eua ngfldi Viet Nam, trai qua thfl thach trong qua trinh dflng nfldc va gifl nfldc (j dan tde ta, rat hiem thay cd thai
do cflc doan, chd'i bd theo kieu "vd dua ca nim", hay xua't phat tfl mac cam cua dan nhfldc tieu ma cui minh trfldc cac dai qud'c
de dfldc yen than Dd cd the ggi la truyen thd'ng khoan dung Viet Nam Trong thdi trung dai, tinh than dd the hien d tU tudng nhan nghia cua Nguyen Trai va ve sau, trong thdi ky khang ehien chd'ng thUe dan Phap va de qud'c My, tinh t h i n ay dUdc the hien, phat huy va nang len mdt chat lUdng mdi d tU tudng nhan van Hd Chi Minh Ngay nay Dang ta da tiep tue phat huy truyen thd'ng khoan dung Viet Nam
ma dinh eao la tU tudng khoan dung Hd Chi Minh trong cdng eudc ddi mdi, thUe hien cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nUdc vi muc tieu dan giau, nUde manh, xa hdi cdng bing, dan chu, van minh
Trang 3Khoan dung, trUde het la thfla nhan va
tdn trgng sfl khac nhau ve thien hfldng,
nhan each, niem tin cua nhflng ngfldi
trong mgt cdng ddng dan tgc; la chap
nhan sfl khac biet ve van hda, tdn giao,
tin ngfldng, gifla eac dan tgc khae nhau
de eung tdn tai va phat trien trong hda
binh Khoan dung la hai hda trong khac
biet, la hge each nghe, each thdng tin,
each hieu ngfldi khae de chia se, cam
thdng, miin la nhflng khae nhau do
khdng ed hai gi eho ldi ich ehung eua cdng
ddng Khoan dung ddi hdi phai dUdc xay
dUng tren cac nguyen tic: edng ly, ehinh
nghia, tU do, binh dang, tien bg, nd
chd'ng lai mgi thai do ky thi, cudng tin,
giao dieu eung nhU mgi thda hiep, nhan
nhUdng vd nguyen t i e vdi tdi ac, bat cdng,
vdi tat ea eai gi cha dap len eae quyen ed
ban cua mdi con ngUdi, mdi dan tgc
Khoan dung Hd Chi Minh la sU tiep
thu cd ehgn lgc cae gia tri eua nhan loai va
dan tde, ddng thdi la sU cai bien va phat
trien cae gia tri dd len mdt chat lUdng mdi,
he thd'ng va hoan chinh dUdi anh sang cua
chii nghia Mae - Lenin Cd the khai quat
tu tudng khoan dung Hd Chi Minh trong
may dac trUng cd ban sau day:
Thff nhdt, khoan dung Hd Chi Minh
da ket hdp dUdc lUdng tri eua ea nhan
minh vdi lUdng tri dan tdc va lUdng tri
thdi dai de dat tdi sU hai hda gifla ca
nhan, dan tde va nhan loai Ngfldi da
thflc hien sfl ket hdp gifla dau tranh giai
phdng dan tde minh vdi dau tranh giai
phdng eac dan tdc khac khdi cae the life
thd'ng tri, bde lot, thflc hien tinh yeu
thfldng va bac ai Vi vay, loai ngfldi tien
bd da tim thay d Hd Chi Minh bieu tfldng
eao dep eua Ifldng tri thdi dai
Thff hai, khoan dung Hd Chi Minh da
ket hdp chat ehe tinh cam ndng nan va ly tri sang sud't, do dd da vfldt qua dfldc nhflng nhfldc diem va han ehe eua tinh
t h i n khoan dung truyen thd'ng, nhfl thien
ve tinh cam kieu "yeu nen td't, ghet nen xau", mau sac dang cap eua khoan dung Nho giao, ld'i an phan, nhan nhuc cua khoan dung Phat giao nguyen thuy
Thff ba, khoan dung Hd Chi Minh la
sU the hien niem tin vao p h i n td't dep,
p h i n thien trong mdi ngUdi NgUdi da truyen cho chung ta cai nhin lac quan ve con ngUdi: "Mdi con ngUdi deu ed thien va
ac d trong long Ta phai biet lam eho
p h i n td't trong mdi con ngUdi nay nd nhU hoa mua xuan va p h i n xau bi mat d i n di,
dd la thai do cua ngUdi each mang Dd'i vdi nhflng ngUdi cd thdi hU tat xau, trfl hang ngfldi phan lai Td qud'c va nhan dan, ta cung phai giup hg tien bd b i n g each lam cho eai p h i n thien trong con ngfldi nay nd de day lui p h i n ac, chfl khdng phai dap eho tdi bdi"(2) NgUdi tin
r i n g , vdi sflc manh cam hda cua each mang va cua giao due, nhflng con ngfldi nhat thdi l i m dfldng, lac ld'i van cd the cai tao, vfldn len va trd thanh ed ich cho xa hdi, bdi "hien, dfl phai dau la tinh san,
p h i n nhieu do giao due ma nen"
Thff tu, khoan dung Hd Chi Minh la sfl
tdn trgng dd'i vdi mgi gia tri khae biet trong van hda nhan loai, la khdng ngflng md rdng
de thau hda nhflng yeu td' tich cflc, tie'n bd
va nhan van eua the gidi de lam giau eho van hda Viet Nam; ddng thdi, chap nhan giao lflu va dd'i thoai binh dang de dat den sfl ddng thuan, cung phat trien Trong mdt the gidi ed giao lUu, tdn tai gifla cai ehung
va cai rieng, gifla cai ddng nhat va di biet,
(2) Hd Chi Minh Sdd., t.l2, tr.558
Trang 4NGUYEN TAN HUNG
Hd Chi Minh chap nhan dd'i thoai ve gia tri
de tim ra cai chung, cai nhan loai Ngfldi
ndi: "Tuy phong tue mdi dan mdi khac,
nhflng cd mdt dieu thi dan nao cung gid'ng
nhau Ay la dan nao cung fla sfl lanh, ghet
sfldfl"(3)
Thff ndm, khoan dung Hd Chi Minh
dfldc xay dflng tren nguyen tie cdng ly,
chinh nghia, til do, binh ding, khdng chap
nhan thda hiep vd nguyen t i e vdi tdi ac va
bat cdng xa hdi hoac vdi nhflng gi cha dap
len quyen sd'ng, quyen tfl do va quyen
mflu ciu hanh phuc eua mdi ngfldi va mdi
dan tdc Khi chu nghia thflc dan dung bao
life de dan ap thi khdng cd each nao khae
la phai dung bao life each mang de gianh
va gifl chinh quyen Ngfldi ndi: "Nhan la
that tha yeu thfldng, he't ldng giup dd ddng
chi, ddng bao Vi the ma kien quye't chd'ng
lai nhflng ngfldi, nhflng viee cd hai de'n
Dang, den nhan dan"(4) Trong bflc thfl
Giti ddng bdo mien Nam, ngUdi Phdp vd
the gidi, Ngfldi viet: "Chinh phu va nhan
dan Viet Nam kien quyet cdng tac that
tha vdi ngfldi Phap Song khi phai gifl chii
quyen cua Td qud'c, cin hy sinh thi cung
phai kien quyet hy sinh"(5)
Tdm lai, khoan dung Hd Chi Minh la
sfl thdng nhat gifla Tam - Dflc - Tri Dd la
mgt tinh than khoan dung dfldc xay dflng
tren t i m van hda eao, ket hdp dfldc tinh
cam vdi ly tri, nhan thflc va hanh ddng,
yeu thfldng vdi dau tranh Sfl khoan dung
nhfl vay da trd thanh vdn hoa khoan
dung Hd Chi Minh - mgt bfldc phat trien
mdi cua tinh t h i n khoan dung Viet Nam
2 Xay di^ng dong thuan xa hoi va
dai doan ke't dan toe tren tinh t h a n
khoan dung Ho Chi Minh
Ngay nay, ehung ta cin ke thfla va phat
huy vdn hoa khoan dung Hd Chi Minh nhfl
the nao? Trong bd'i canh toan ciu hda vdi nhieu cd hdi md ra nhflng cung diy thach thflc va ca nhflng nguy cd, van hda khoan dung Hd Chi Minh la ngudn nudi dfldng,
d i n dat, thuc day sfl phat trien cua tinh
t h i n khoan dung Viet Nam - mdt nhan to'
cd ban gdp p h i n vao xay dflng ddng thuan
xa hdi va dai doan ket dan tde Ngfldi da day nhan dan ta phai doan ket rdng rai va chat che: "Nam ngdn tay cung ed ngdn v i n ngdn dai Trong may trieu ngUdi cung cd ngUdi the nay the khac, nhUng the nay hay the khac deu ddng ddi cua td tien ta Vay nen ta phai khoan hdng dai do Ta phai nhan ring
da la con Lac chau Hdng thi ai cung cd it hay nhieu ldng ai qud'c Ddi vdi nhflng ddng bao lac ld'i l i m dfldng, ta phai lay tinh than
ai ma cam hda hg Cd nhU the mdi thanh dai doan ket, cd dai doan ket thi tUdng lai chae se ve vang"(6) Tren tinh t h i n dd, ddi vdi nhflng quan lai cu, Ngfldi eho ring,
"ehung ta khdng nen dao bdi nhflng chuyen
cu ra lam an mdi Ddi vdi nhflng ngfldi khdng nguy hiem lam, thi nen dung chinh sach cam hda, khoan dung, khdng nen bit
bd lung tung, khdng nen tich thu vd ly, lam cho dan kinh khung"(7) Ngay ca vdi nhflng ngfldi tflng ed nd mau vdi each mang, vi ldi ich cua doan ke't qud'c gia, Ngfldi van td ro mdt tinh t h i n khoan dung dai Ifldng Ngfldi nhac nhd chung ta cin phai vfldt qua nhflng thien kie'n hep hdi: "Sdng to, bien rdng, thi bao nhieu nfldc cung chfla dfldc vi do Ifldng cua nd rdng va sau Cai chen nhd, cai dia can thi mgt chut nfldc cung diy tran, vi do Ifldng cua nd hep va nhd"(8)
(3) Hd Chi Minh Sdd., t.4, tr.350
(4) Hd Chi Minh Sdd., t.5, tr.251-252
(5) Hd Chi Minh Sdd., t.4, tr.458
(6) Hd Chi Minh Sdd., t.4, tr.246
(7) Hd Chi Minh Sdd., t.4, tr.20
(8) Hd Chi Minh Sdd., t.S, tr.644
Trang 5Cd the ndi, chinh sach dai doan ket
dan tgc va tam long khoan dung, do Ifldng
cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da lam that
bai mgi am mflu chia re eua ke thu, da
cam hda dfldc nhieu nhan si, tri thflc ed
ten tudi, ke ea eac quan lai eao cap cua
che do cu, mdt ldng, mdt da di theo each
mang de'n cung, khdng quan ngai gian
khd, hy sinh nhfl Kham sai dai than
Phan Ke Toai, Thfldng thfl Bui Bing
Doan, Ddc ly Ha Ndi T r i n Van Lai va
nhieu ngfldi khac Qua that, d Hd Chi
Minh ludn toat len mgt tam ldng nhan ai
bao la, mdt sfl khoan dung van hda eao
ca, tran trgng eai p h i n thien dfl nhd nhat
d mdi ngfldi
Tinh t h i n khoan dung ciia Hd Chi
Minh la sU ke tuc va phat trien truyen
thd'ng nhan ai, bao dung ciia dan tgc qua
hang ngan nam lieh sfl Tu tudng dd dUdc
bieu hien nhat quan trong dUdng ld'i cua
Dang va chinh saeh, phap l u i t cua Nha
nUde; qua thai do flng xfl eua Ngfldi dd'i vdi
nhflng ngfldi lam viec vdi ehe do cu, nhflng
ngfldi lim lae, bang ta't ca sfl chan thanh
vi nghia ldn cua dan tdc Dd'i vdi Hd Chi
Minh, khoan dung ehinh la mgt bieu hien
sflc manh cua each mang, chi cd nhflng
cugc each mang chan ehinh, dfldc ldng dan
mdi ed sflc thuyet phue, cam hda trai tim
va khd'i dc ciia q u i n chung, bao gdm ca
nhflng ngfldi l i m lac, chd'ng dd'i Tinh t h i n
dd dfldc bieu hien trong bai phat bieu tai
Hgi nghi dai bieu Mat tran Lien Viet toan
qud'c, thang 1-1955: "Bat ky ai ma that
tha tan thanh hda binh, thd'ng nhat dde
lap, dan chu thi du ngfldi dd trfldc day
chd'ng chung ta, bay gid chung ta cung
that tha, doan ket vdi hg"(9)
Tinh t h i n khoan dung Hd Chi Minh
dang dfldc Dang ta ke thfla va phat trien
trong tinh hinh mdi cua dat nfldc Sfl
nghiep edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda ddi hdi phai t^p hdp va ldi eud'n dfldc ddng dao cac t i n g ldp nhan dan tham gia, de lam cho dat nfldc giau manh, "sanh vai cflng vdi eac cfldng qud'c nam chau" trong the ky XXI Hien nay, nhfl Dang ta da nhan dinh, khd'i dai doan ket toan dan tdc, mdi quan he gifla Dang, Nha nUde va nhan dan ehUa that ben chat va dang dflng trfldc nhflng thaeh thflc mdi Do dd,
de tao ra sfl ddng thuan xa hdi, ehung ta ein ra sflc hgc tap, bdi dfldng va phat trien tinh t h i n khoan dung Hd Chi Minh, coi day la nhan td' cd ban de xay dUng ddng thuan xa hdi va thUe hien dai doan ket dan tde
Trong thdi ky qua ddj khi dang edn tdn tai nhieu hinh thflc sd hflu, nhieu thanh
p h i n kinh te, nhieu giai cap, t i n g ldp xa hdi khae nhau, thi cd' nhien ben eanh sfl thd'ng nhat ve muc tieu chung, van edn sfl khae nhau ve nhflng muc tieu cu the va
dd cung la dieu de hieu Do vay, khdng the de ra yeu c i u eao la phai dat tdi sfl nha't tri tuyet dd'i ve chinh tri va tinh
t h i n cua toan xa hdi Nghi quyet Dai hdi Dang toan qud'c l i n thfl IX da khang dinh rd: "lay muc tieu gifl vflng dde lap, thd'ng nhat, vi dan giau, nfldc manh, xa hgi cdng bang, dan ehu, van minh lam diem tfldng ddng; tdn trgng nhflng y kien khae nhau khdng trai vdi ldi ieh chung ciia dan tgc"(10) Tuy nhien, nhfl ddng chi Tdng Bi thfl Ndng Dflc Manh da phat bieu, "chung
ta phai lam va se lam tat ca nhflng gi cin thie't de cac diem tfldng ddng ngay cang dfldc phat huy va nhan len, nhflng diem
(9) Hd Chi Minh Sdd, t.7, tr.487
(10) Dang Cong san Viet Nam Van kien Dqi hgi
dqi bieu todn quo'c ldn thd IX Nxb Chinh tri Qudc
gia, Ha Npi, 2001, tr.123-124
Trang 6NGUYEN TAN HUNG
khae nhau cang giam thieu"(ll), phai
tang cfldng cdng tae chinh tri, tfl tfldng,
nang cao trach nhiem cdng dan, xay dflng
"sU ddng thugn xd hgi"{12)
Hieu mdt each chung nhat, ddng thuan
la ket qua eua sfl tfl giac, tfl nguyen ddng
y cua mgi ngfldi vdi nhau chfl khdng phai
la ket qua cua sfl cfldng bflc Sif cfldng
bflc hay ap dat du dfldi hinh thflc nao
eung khdng tao ra dfldc sfl ddng thuan
dieh thflc, hoac neu ed cung la trang thai
ddng thuan gia tao vi nd khdng dfla tren
ed sd tdn trgng quyen tfl do cua mdi ea
nhan Con ngfldi trong mgi thdi dai du d
eac che do xa hdi khac nhau deu ludn tim
kiem va hfldng tdi sfl ddng thuan Theo
quan diem triet hge, ddng thuan chinh la
ket qua cua da'u tranh, khdng cd dau
tranh thi khdng the cd ddng thuan Do
vay, ddng thugn chfla phai la hoan toan
nhat tri, nghia la van cdn sfl khae nhau,
nhflng cflng thda thu^n tam gac lai de
thfle hien cai ehung Ddng thuan cung
khdng loai bd dau tranh gifla cac y kien
khae nhau, quan diem, xu hfldng edn
khac nhau, ddng thdi cung chd'ng lai
nhflng gi cd the d i n tdi sfl phan ra eua xa
hgi Ndi each khac, ddng thuan chap
nhan cdn mau thuan, khac biet, nhflng
ddi hdi phai giai quyet nd bang thfldng
Ifldng Tren y nghia dd, ddng thuan dfldc
coi la mdt gia tri chinh tri cd ban trong
mgt ehe do dan ehu, la nen tang duy tri
sfl dn dinh va phat trien xa hdi
Dang ta quan niem md'i quan he gifla
cac giai cap, t i n g ldp trong xa hgi d thdi
ky qua do la quan he hdp tac va dau
tranh trong ndi bd nhan dan, do dd
"khuyen khich trao ddi, tranh luan vdi
tinh t h i n xay dflng ve nhflng van de cd y
kidn khae nhau, tranh chup mu, ap dat",
ddng thdi ehu trUdng "ket hdp thUe hien
che do tap trung dan chu trong Dang vdi che do hiep thUdng dan chu trong td ehflc Mat tran de lam phong phu them nen dan chu d nfldc ta"(13)
Neu hieu ddng thuan la cung thda thuan ve cai chung, cai cd ban nhat ddng thdi v i n chap nhan sfl khac biet nha't dinh ve dan tgc, tdn giao, ngdn ngfl, van hda, ldi ieh gifla nhflng ngfldi Viet Nam, miin la ehung khdng hai gi cho ldi ieh ehung cua toan dan tdc thi ehung ta thay ddng thuan cung rat g i n vdi tinh t h i n khoan dung, la mdt bieu hien khac eua khoan dung Khi Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ndi "Dan tdc ta la mdt dan tde giau ldng ddng tinh va bac ai" thi eung cd nghia ddng thuan va khoan dung nhfl la nhflng nhan td' cd ban de thflc hien dai doan ket dan tgc
Theo dd, bdi dfldng va phat trien tinh
t h i n khoan dung la bien phap hflu hieu
de k h i c phue thai do cd' chap, bat khoan dung, de thflc hien ddng thuan xa hdi va dai doan ke't dan tdc Bdi dfldng va phat trien tinh t h i n khoan dung la day eho the he tre biet tdn trgng sfl khae nhau ve thien hfldng, nhan each, niem tin tdn giao, tin ngfldng cua nhflng ngfldi khae nhau trong cdng ddng dan tdc Mdi eon ngfldi dfldc sinh ra trong mgt hoan eanh tfl nhien va xa hdi nha't dinh, la san pham eua mgt truyen thd'ng lieh sif va van hda nha't dinh, ed tam ly, tinh each,
sd thieh khac nhau, theo dudi nhflng gia
(11) Bdt phdt bieu cua Tdng Bi thU Nong Ddc
Mqnh tqi Hqi nghi ldn thd 5 Uy ban Mat trdn To qudc Viet Nam Bao Nhan dan, ngay 27-02-2003
(12) Phdt bieu bemqc Hqi nghi Trung uang 7 khoa
IX Bao Nhan dan, ngay 22-01-2003
(13) Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Nghi quyet Hqi
nghi Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang 7 khoa IX Bao
Nhan dan, ngay 20-3-2003
Trang 7tri khdng gid'ng nhau; nhflng tat ea deu
cd quyen dfldc sd'ng dung nhfl ban cha't
vd'n cd cua hg Trong khi khang dinh va
cung cd' cai thien hfldng va ban sac rieng
cua minh, mdi dan tdc va mdi ngfldi can
phai biet tdn trgng va chap nhan quyen
cua ngfldi khac, dan tdc khac; khdng dfldc
ap dat sfl Ifla chgn ciia minh, dan tgc
minh cho ngfldi khae, dan tgc khae NhU
vay, khoan dung ehinh la mdt bieu hien
eua dan chii, nd bac bd chuyen ehe va mgi
vi pham den nhflng quyen ed ban eua con
ngfldi va quyen cua eac dan tde
0 nfldc ta, mdt trong nhflng thanh tflu
quan trgng cua cdng cude ddi mdi la dem
lai sfl da dang, phong phu hdn ve «dinh
hfldng gia tri eho mdi ca nhan Khoan
dung ehinh la biet tdn trgng dinh hfldng
gia tri cung nhfl sfl theo dudi eac ldi ieh
rieng cua mdi ca nhan Cude sd'ng cd
nhieu loai gia tri: gia tri dao dflc, gia tri
van hda, gia tri kinh te, gia tri phap ly; cd
quan niem da dang, phong phu ve cai
dep, ve hanh phue, ve nhan each, ve tap
quan, tin ngfldng va ldi ieh, Mgi ngfldi
deu ed the theo dudi nhflng gia tri khac
nhau dd mien la khdng lam hai den muc
tieu ehung la "dan giau, nfldc manh, xa
hdi edng bing, dan ehu, van minh" Dd
eung la dieu kien cd ban de xay dUng
ddng thuan, thUc hien dai doan ket dan
tgc d nUde ta hien nay
*
Ngay nay, tren the gidi, ehien tranh
lanh da qua di, nhflng loai ngfldi v i n
dang phai sd'ng trong "nen hda binh
ndng" (ne'u khdng ndi la mdng manh)
Nhieu ndi van dang dien ra nhflng cude
chien tranh, xung dot dam mau ve lanh
thd, sac tgc, tdn giao Do thieu mgt thai
do khoan dung, ngfldi ta tfl cho minh la
ddc tdn, di tdi di hda, ky thi vdi tat ca cai
gi khdng phai la minh Ngfldc lai, eung dang ed nhflng the life mflu toan ldi dung cai ggi la "ban cha't ehung eua con ngfldi"
de ap dat cho cac dan tdc khac nhflng gia tri xa la vdi truyen thd'ng van hda cua hg Khi khdng ap dat dfldc, hg san sang dung sflc manh quan sfl, sflc manh kinh te de hdng khuat phuc y chi ciia dan tdc ed ehii quyen Tfl tfldng dan tdc vi ky, hep hdi, sdvanh nfldc ldn van hien dien trong y thflc cua gidi c i m quyen mdt so' nfldc phfldng Tay Chu nghia khung bd' qud'c te dang de dga nhflng quyen ed ban cua eon ngfldi va cae dan tgc, dd la quyen dfldc sd'ng, quyen mflu c i u hanh phuc trong hda binh, dde lap, tfl do va quyen dfldc Ifla chgn con dfldng phat trien rieng theo
ly tudng va truyen thd'ng van hda, dieu kien dia ly, lich sfl eua mdi dan tde Dd'i vdi dan tdc Viet Nam, trong bd'i eanh dd, tren ed sd ke thfla va phat huy tinh t h i n khoan dung Hd Chi Minh, chung ta ludn
neu cao tinh t h i n "sdn sdng ldm ban vdi tdt cd cdc nUdc, khong phdn biet che do chinh tri" va chu trUdng "hba nhdp nhUng khong hba tan", md cfla, giao lUu tiep thu
tinh hoa eua cac dan tde khac nhUng kien quye't chd'ng lai nhflng gi khdng phu hdp vdi phong tuc, tap quan, truyen thd'ng td't dep cua dan tdc; ludn trau ddi ban linh, gifl vflng ban sac, chu ddng hdi nhap vao trao lflu chung eua the gidi The gidi ludn dd'i thay, nhflng chu nghia nhan van cgng san, tfl tfldng nhan van Hd Chi Minh (trong dd khoan dung la diem nd'i bat nha't) se sd'ng mai, tiep tuc la anh sang soi dfldng cho Dang va nhan dan ta xay dflng ddng thuan xa hdi va dai doan ket dan tgc - mdt trong nhflng cd sd vflng chae de xay dflng thanh cdng chu nghia
xa hdi d Viet Nam •