Thd nhdt, la vung ed nhieu tiem nang phat trien kinh te ndng - lam nghiep, du lich, dich vu, Tay Nguyen ed ngudn dat dai rdng Idn, mau md vdi mffe binh quan cao nhat nffdc l,5ha/hp, ed
Trang 1TAP CHI PHAT TRIEN N H A N LUC, SO 6(l6)-2009 21
NGHIEN cufu - TRAO DOI
MOT SO VAN DE CCi BAN VA CAP BACH
•
TRONG PHAT TRIEN KINH TE, XA HOI, VAN HOA 6 TAY NGUYEN
Tay Nguyen bao gdm 5 tinh (Dac Lae,
Dae Ndng, Gia Lai, Kon Tum, Lam
Ddng) cd dien tich khoang 55.000km'
vdi sd dan gan 5 trieu ngffdi (chiem hdn 16%
dien tieh va 5% dan sd ea nffdc) Nam tren cao
nguyen trung tam cua ban dao Ddng Dffdng, Tay
Nguyen cd dffdng b i e n gidi giap L a o va
Campuchia va cd mdi hen he toan dien, mat thiet
hifu cd vdi eae vung cua daft nffdc ma ti'ffc tiep la
viing Ddng Nam Bd va duyen hai Nam Trung
Bp Trong lich sff, nhffng yeu td dia ly, heh sff,
kinh te, ehinh tri, van hda, dan tdc, tdn giao da
tao nen mot Tay Nguyen cd vi tri ehien Iffdc
quan trpng hong phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, an
ninh va qudc phdng
Thd nhdt, la vung ed nhieu tiem nang phat trien
kinh te ndng - lam nghiep, du lich, dich vu, Tay
Nguyen ed ngudn dat dai rdng Idn, mau md vdi
mffe binh quan cao nhat nffdc (l,5ha/hp), ed 1,5
trieu ha daft dd bazan (chiem 66% dat dd bazan
ca nffdc) Nam d dau ngudn sinh thiiy va giff vai
trd can bang sinh thai eho ea viing Nam Bd va
Trung Bd, Tay Nguyen ed trff Iffdng thiiy nang
Idn, chiem hdn 22% ngudn thuy nang ca nffdc,
ed the san xua't 15 ty Kw dien mdi nam Vdi dp
che phii 56%, riftig Tay Nguyen chiem 36% dien
tich rifng ca nffdc vdi trff Iffdng gd hdn 286 trieu
m\ trong dd, ed nhieu loai gd quy hiem Ben
canh Idi the ve da't, nffdc, rffng ndi tren, Tay
Nguyen edn cd trff Iffdng quang bauxit tdi 4,5 ty
tan, chiem 9 1 % Iffdng bauxit ea nffdc va nhieu
loai khoang san khac (vang sa khoang, tluee, da
vdi, da qu^, than nau, than bun )'"
Tay Nguyen giau tiem nang va ed nhieu ngudn
(*) PGS.TS Triet hpc, Dai hoc Khoa hoc Xa hdi va
Nhan van - Dai hoc Qud'c gia TP Hd Chi Minh
(1) Xem: Bao Thanh Nidn, ngay 06/9/2009, tr.4
NGUYEN VIET NGA"
life de phat trien Idnh te - xa hpi, song tiec rang , nhffng nam qua phan Idn chiing van ton tai dffdi dang tiem nang Mudn bien tiem nang nay thanh ddng life phat trien thi can cd nhan td eon ngffdi ket hdp vdi nguon vdn ciing nhffng tien
bd khoa hpc ky thuat
Thd hai, la vung da dan tdc va nhieu tdn giao
dan xen nhau, Tay Nguyen cd nhffng thuan Idi can ban va eung rat nhieu khd khan trong qua trinh phat trien Chinh yeu td da dan tdc da gdp phan tao ra nhffng tien dc can thiet cho viec tap tiling nguon vdn, life Iffdng lao ddng ddi dao va phat huy nang life sang tao ciia nhieu dan tdc Dong thdi, nd ciing tao ra ,sff khac biet, tinh phan tan, cue bp va ludn ed nhffng mau thuan tiem
an Trong lieh sff, chii nghia thffc dan, de' qudc
da Idi dung chinh dae diem nay de thffc hien ehinh sach ngu dan, chia re dan tpc, tdn giao nham ap dat ach thdng tri; va hien nay, cac the life thil dich eung dang khai thac tdi da dac diem ndi tren de thffc hien am mffu "dien bie'n hda binh"
Thd bo, vung da't eao nguyen phi nhieu, ddi
mil bat ngan, khi hau can nhiet ddi ciing vdi each thffc san xua't nffdng ray da gdp phan tao nen con ngffdi va van hda mang dam sac thai Tay Nguyen Dd la nhffng con ngffdi trung thffc, chat phae trong sinh boat, khoan dung nhan ai trong giao tiep, can cu sang tao trong lao ddng, diing cam linh boat trong dafu tranh chd'ng giac ngoai xam, doan ket trong cdng ddng va sd'ng hda nunh vdi thien nhien Nhffng con ngffdi vdi nhffng pham chat nhff vay ta't yeu da tao ra nen van hda da dang va dac sac Ndi each khac, van hda Tay Nguyen chinh la tam hdn ngffdi Tay Nguyen dffdc the hien mot each sinh ddng phong phii thdng qua ngdn ngff (tieng ndi, chff viet)
Trang 222 NGUYEN VIET NGA - MOT SO VAN DE CO BAN., hanh vi giao tiep, boat ddng va dffdc ket tinh
trong cac truyen thuyet, sii" thi, phong tue, tap
quan va cac loai hinh nghe thuat
Trong the ky XX, con ngffdi Tay Nguyen da
phat huy gia tri truyen thd'ng doan ket mdt long,
neu eao tinh than thffdng vd, hang hai tien len
dffdi ngpn cd ve vang eua Dang, eung ea nffdc
danh dudi giac ngoai xam, thffc hien trpn ven
Idi can dan eua Ho Chu tich: "Ddng bao va ehien
SI Tay Nguyen da doan ket cang phai doan ket
chat che hdn nffa, cd' gang khdng ngffng, phat
huy manh me thang Idi da danh dffdc, ludn neu
cao canh giac, san sang dap tan mpi am mffu
cua dich, ra sffc eung cd va phat hien vung giai
phdng va phuc vii tien myen Tdi tin chac rang
Tay Nguyen cung ca nffdc tien len danh thang
hoan toan giac My xam Iffdc "'^'
Sau ngay mien Nam giai phdng, da't nffdc thdng
nhat, nhan dan Tay Nguyen lai bffde vao cudc
thff thach gay go, phai dd'i mat vdi cudc khung
hoang kinh te - xa hpi va cuoc ehie'n chd'ng
Fuho Chinh trong hoan canh ngat ngheo dd, Tay
Nguyen da ciing ca nffdc danh bai mpi am muff
cua cac the life thu dieh, vffdt qua eude khiing
hoang kinh te - xa hpi va vffng bffde thffc hien
cdng cudc ddi mdi daft nffdc
Sau hdn 20 nam ddi mdi, Tay Nguyen da dat
dffdc nhffng thanh tffu bffde dau raft quan trpng
ve nhieu mat, nhff xay dffng cd sd vat chat - ky
thuat, nang cao tang trffdng kinh te, dn dinh va
tffng bffde nang eao ddi sdng vat cha't va tinh
than eua nhan dan Dd la nhuhg tien de raft quan
trpng va can thiet cho viec day manh edng
nghiep hda, hien dai hda Tuy nhien, cd mdt
thffc te la, eho den nay, vffng da't eao nguyen
day tiem nang nay van chffa dffdc dau tff dung
mffe, chffa dffdc khai thac, sff dung mdt each khoa
hpc, hdp ly va cd hieu qua Hien nay, tren cac
linh vffc kinh te - xa hpi, van hda, dan tpc va
tdn giao dang ed nhffng khd khan, thach thffc
can dffdc nhan thffc va giai quye't mdt each khoa
hpc, hdp ly va kip thdi
Mot Id, trong hnh vffc kinh te - xa hdi da va
dang tdn tai tinh trang tranh cha'p, mua ban
chuyen nhffdng khdng hdp ly ve daft dai; mot
bp phan dan cff thieu da't canh tac va ca daft d;
cham chuyen dieh cd cau kinh te theo hffdng
cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda; nhieu budn lang, thdn, xa d vung eao, vung sau, vung xa edn thieu
"Dien - Dffdng - Trffdng - T r a m " va nhffng cdng trinh phuc Idi cdng cdng khac Ty le ho ngheo dffng vao loai eao nhat nffdc (khoang 20%), ty le nay trong vung ddng bao dan tpc thieu so cdn eao hdn nhieu, khoang each giau -ngheo ngay mdt tang; ed sff khac biet va baft binh dang ve thu nhap va mffe sd'ng giffa dong bao eae dan tdc"'; trinh dp dan tri chffa eao, nguon nhan life (nhat la life Iffdng lao ddng cd ky thuat) edn thieu ve sd Iffdng, non ve chat Iffdng va baft hdp ly ve cd can nganh nghe; tinh trang di dan tff do lam phffe tap them cac van de kinh te - xa hdi; qua trinh dd thi hda cham chap, nhd le, phan tan vdi chat Iffdng khdng cao Tat ca nhufng van
de tren khdng chi lam anh hffdng den viec tap trung eae ngudn life de thuc day cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda; ma edn gdp phan lam phffe tap them eae vafn de xa hdi, dan tdc va tdn giao
Hai Id, hong nhuhg nam qua, sff phat trien cua
eae dan tpc va tdn giao d Tay Nguyen dien ra
cd phan phffe tap va ludn tiem an nhffng mau thuan Hien cd khoang gan 5 trieu ngffdi sdng cl Tay Nguyen thupe 45 dan tdc khac nhau, trong
dd ddng bao eae dan toe thieu sd chiem khoang 33% Sff khac nhau ve ngudn gdc xua't xff, dac diem tam ly, each thffc san xua't, sd thich thoi quen, phong tue tap quan, Id'i sd'ng da tao nen nhffng khac biet nhaft dinh, lam nay sinh mau thuin va ea nhffng xung dot
Cung vdi van de dan tpc, tin ngffdng va ton giao da va dang trd thanh van de te nhi, phiJc tap Trong heh sff, cac eff dan ban dia Tay Nguyen thffdng theo ba loai tin ngffdng ehu yeu: da than, phdn thffc va thd cung td tien Tren cd sd ba loai tin ngffdng nay ma eae tdn giao tac ddng, xam nhap, pha trdn lam cho tin ngffdng va ca tdn giao trd nen da dang, phffe tap Hien nay, tren dja ban Tay Nguyen ed 4 tdn giao chu yeu vdi nhieu tin dd khac nhau Theo thd'ng ke chffa day dii, Phat giao ed hdn 500.000 tin dd, Cdng giao c6 gan 700.000 tin dd, dao Cao dai ed khoang 20.000 tin do va Tui lanh cd gan 300.000 tin do Nhin chung, cac tdn giao phat trien ngay cang nhanh ve tdc dp, rdng ve quy md va tang ve so Iffdng
(2) Ho Chf Minh Cac dan tdc doan ket, binh dang
giup dd nhau cung tien bd Nxb ST, Ha Ndi, 1977,
tr.144-145
(3) Xem: TS Bui Minh Dao (chu bien) Mdt so vin
de giam ngheo d cac dan tdc thieu so Viet Nam Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hdi, Ha Ndi, 2003, tr.48
Trang 3NGUYEN VIET NGA - MOT SO VAN DE CO BAN 23
Van de dan tdc va tdn giao d Tay Nguyen cd
dien bien phffe tap, nhat la trong bdi canh the
gidi cdn "xung dot vii trang, xung dot dan tdc
tdn giao, chay dua vu trang, boat ddng can thiep
lat dd, khung bd edn xay ra d nhieu ndi vdi tinh
chat phffe tap ngay cang gia tang""" Tren thffc
te, trong nhi?ng nam qua, cac the life thu dich da
Idi dung van de dan tdc va tdn giao d Tay
Nguyen de thffc hien am mffu "dien bien hda
binh" va khi cd dieu kien thi gay bao loan; chung
thanh lap cac td chffc phan ddng d nffdc ngoai
vdi nhffng ten gpi khac nhau de mdc nd'i vdi
bpn phan ddng trong nffdc td chffc cac boat ddng
kich ddng, bao loan nham pha hoai cdng cudc
ddi mdi va tao "dien bien hda binh"
Ba Id, nhff da nhan xet, van hda Tay Nguyen
chinh la nhffng pham chat eiia con ngffdi Tay
Nguyen dffdc the hien thdng qua ngdn ngff, tieng
ndi, chff viet, hanh vi giao tiep, boat ddng, Id'i
sd'ng va dffdc ket tinh trong cac truyen thuyet,
sff thi, phong tue, tap quan va eae loai hinh nghe
thuat Kho tang van hda nay la phong phu, da
dang va dac sac; trong do cd nhieu yeu td mang
gia tri raft dang qu^ can dffdc giff gin, phat trien
nhff truyen thuyet, sff thi, van hpc dan gian va
cac loai hinh nghe thuat (am nhac, ea mua, dieu
khac ) Dong thdi, cung ed nhieu yeu td phan
gia hi, loi thdi can loai bd nhff eae hu hie, me tin
di doan v.v O day, cai mdi va cai cu, gia tri va
phan gia tri, tien bd va lae hau, tich cifc va tieu
effc tdn tai va thffdng dan xen, tac ddng anh
hffdng lan nhau
Nhff vay, bffde vao thdi ky day manh edng
nghiep hda, hien dai hda, Tay Nguyen ed nhiihg
thuan Idi ra't can ban; song cung dffng trffdc
nhu^ig khd khan phffe tap va ea nhiihg nguy cd,
thach thffc to Idn trong phat hien O day, tdn tai
ca nguy cd "dien bien hda binh", "tut hau xa
hdn ve kinh t e " va ca nguy cd "tut hau ve khoa
hpc - cdng nghe" Nhan thffc mdt each sau sac
va toan dien ve tinh hinh qud'c te va hong nffdc
vai thap nien dau the ky XXI, nha't la tinh hinh
phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, van hda d Tay Nguyen,
Nghi quyet X cua Trung ffdng (Sd 10-NQ/TW
ngay 18/01/2002), Dang ta da nha'n manh: "Tay
Nguyen la dia ban chien Iffdc dac biet quan trpng
ve kinh te - xa hdi va qudc phdng, an ninh cua
ca nffdc; la vffng giau tiem nang, Idi the de phat trien kinh te - xa hpi" "Dong bao cac dan tdc Tay Nguyen doan ket mdt long eung vdi ea nffdc xay dffng Tay Nguyen giau ve kinh te, viihg ve chinh tri, phat trien nhanh ve van hda - xa hdi, manh ve qud'c phdng, an ninh, tien tdi xay dffng Tay Nguyen thanh vung kinh te ddng life" Van de quan trpng ndi bat d day la: lam gi va bang each nao de dffa Nghi quyet vao cudc sd'ng
va bie'n ndi dung cua Nghi quyet thanh hien thifc, xay dffng dffdc mdt Tay Nguyen "giau ve kinh
te, vffng ve ehinh tri, phat trien nhanh ve van hda - xa hdi; manh ve qud'c phdng, an ninh", nhff Nghi quyet cua Dang da khang dinh? Giai quyet va'n de nay ddi hdi sffc life va hi me cua nhieu cap, nhieu nganh va can ed thdi gian, dieu kien nha't dinh Dffdi gdc dp khoa hpc xa hdi, ehung tdi xin neu mdt sd giai phap mang tinh dinh hffdng nham gdp phan thiie day sff nghiep edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda d Tay Nguyen
- Trudc het, can xac dinh nhdm giai phap ve
ehinh tri - tff tffdng, van hda dan tpc va tdn giao
de gdp phan xda ddi giam ngheo, nang cao dan tri, dn dinh chinh tri xa hdi, tap trung cac ngudn life thiic day edng nghiep hda,hien dai hda
- Thd hai, xay dffng va thffc hien eae giai phap
ve Cling ed va tang effdng khd'i doan ket toan dan, doan ket dan tdc, doan ket tdn giao
- Thd ba, can xay dffng ehffdng trinh nghien
eu\i tdng the ve Tay Nguyen Trong dd, chu trpng cac van de: xac dinh cac ngudn life phat trien ben viTng; nhiihg van de cd ban ve kinh te - xa hdi, van hda, dan tdc va tdn giao; van de eon ngffdi va phat hien ngudn nhan life; va'n de bao
ve va nudi dffdng mdi trffdng v.v.,,
- Thd tu, ed chinh sach thich hdp huy ddng cac
ngudn life, dac biet la ngudn kinh phi va ngudn nhan life khoa hpc phuc vu cho nghien ciiu va ffng dung khoa hpc - ky thuat d Tay Nguyen Cac tinh Tay Nguyen can cd chinh sach "chieu hien dai si" dd'i vdi khoa hpc de tap trung kinh phi, thu hut ngffdi tai
(4) 04ng Cdng san Vidt Nam Van kidn D?ii hdi Dai
bilu toan qu6c iSn thil IX Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia,
Hk Ndi, 2001, t r i 4