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This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.. Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs doi:

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Procedia Computer Science 94 ( 2016 ) 121 – 128

1877-0509 © 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).

Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs

doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2016.08.020

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© 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).

Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs

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Ngày đăng: 08/11/2022, 15:02