\j V6n xa hoi trong phat trien nganh ngh§ phi nong nghiep 6* khu vwc nong thon Nguyen Thi Anh Tuyet Tdm tdi: Bai viet phan tich vai tro cua von xa hpi nhu mot giai phap quan trpng doi
Trang 1\j V6n xa hoi trong phat trien nganh ngh§
phi nong nghiep 6* khu vwc nong thon
Nguyen Thi Anh Tuyet
Tdm tdi: Bai viet phan tich vai tro cua von xa hpi nhu mot giai phap quan trpng
doi vai phat trifin kinh tk d khu vuc nong thon Viet Nam thong qua mpt nghien cuu
difin hinh vfi v6n xa hpi trong phat triln nganh nghfi phi nong nghidp Cac ket qua nghien ciiu da chi ra rang, von xa hoi da va dang ton tai va dong gop nhat dinh cho sir phat trien nganh nghe phi nong nghiep, chuyen doi co cau nganh nghfi d nong thon thong qua viec huy dpng nguon Iuc (von, tu lieu san xuat ), hpp tac, lien ket san xuat, md rong thi trudng, ca hpi viec lam phi nong nghiep Tren ca sd do, bai viet de xuat cac giai phap v6 khai thac, sii dung hieu qua ngudn vfin xa hpi cung nhu giai phap kiem soat cac tac dgng tieu cyc ciia vfin x5 h^i dfii vdi phat trien nganh nghe phi nong nghiep d nong thon
Tukhda: Vfin xd hpi; nganh nghe phi nong nghidp; nong nghiep; nong thon
1 Von xa hoi: mot giai phap h§ trff chinh: von xa hgi va nhan lyc, vfin tai cho phat trien kinh te nong thfin cbinh, vfin sin xuit, vfin ty nhien Vfin xa
Cac nghifin ciiu da chi ra ring, cd 4 loai hpi nhdn manh la cac quan hp dfli tac, cac hinh vfln la co sd dfi xac dinh dugc mflt thfi chfi va raang ludi xa hpi, sy tin tudng nfin kinh tfi dang boat dflng Vfln dupc hifiu trong xd hfli, mfli trudng difiu phfli, hpp tac
la rapt thli cd thfi mang ra ddu tu, trao dfii nhim hudng dfin lgi Ich chung ciing nhu
vd chuyfin dfii thanh cic hinh thiic khac cic mfli quan hp kinh doanh
Ddy chinh Id co sd dfi van dung ngufln vfln Quay trd Igi vdi tinh chit cua mot loai
xa hpi yong phat trifin kinh tfi d khu vuc "vfln", thi vfln xa bpi cd kha nang chuyen nflng thfin ndi chung vd nganh nghfi phi hda thanh nhiing ngufln lyc hay lpi ich nflng nghiep ndi rifing V i n dfi d day la: Dudi day la mfl hinh v i kfit qua chuyfin hoa
mang tfnh mfl phdng
lam thfi nao dfi xac dinh dugc vfin xa hfii
dang d trgng thai nio va lim thfi nao dfi sii
dyng logi hinh vfin xd hfli cho phit trifin
kinh tfi?
Trudc hfit, dfi x i c dinh mpt nfin kinh tfi ^' ^^^^ ^'' ^ ' ? " *^oa hpc Thiiy lai Vi|t Nam, 1 4„„„ , ^- *i.' J - \ X i Nflng nghi?p va Phil triin Nflng thon
dang host dong thi dua vao 4 nguon von DT: 0973689689 Email: sno«xhh@gmail.com.j
Trang 2Bang 1: Cach thuc chuyen bda von xa hpi Logi binh diu tu
Vfin Vgt chdt
Tifin - Hang - Tifin
Vfln Xa hpi
Cflng siic, thdi gian
Quan he - Quan he
Cich thirc chuyfin hda Luu thflng hdng
hda
Tuomg tic xa hpi
cua cac ca nhin,
nhdm, c^ng dflng
Kfit qua Tifin ldn ban Vit chit ldn ban Quan be xa hpi phu hgp Cfl kfit/Gin kfit Lien kfit/Vuan ra Kfit nfii/Vuon lfin Cac lpi ich dat dugc Chuin myc, quy udc
Sudung Tifip tuc ddu tu Hop tic Phit trifin kinh tfi Giai quyet khd khan/riiiro Hii ldng hon
Nguon: Tai lieu tong hgp ve vfln xa hpi Ha Npi, 2009
Trong hogt dpng sin xuit, kinh doanh
ndi chung vi nginh nghe ndi rifing, cac
khiu/chuoi quan trpng (sin xuit, tifip thi,
ban bang) dfiu cd moi lifin he den yeu tfl
vfln xa hpi
CJ khiu sin xuat, ddi hdi vfln xd hfli giua
cac ca nhan phat trifin dfi phfli hgp san xuit
hifiu qui, dim bao chit lugng sin phdm O
khiu tifip thi, cin phii xiy dyng mflt
thuong hipu mgnh Dfli vdi cac sin phdm
fruyfin th6ng d nflng thfln cua Vipt Nam ma
nghifin cuu de c$p den nhu che, go, tuang,
det thi phdn ldn la "thuong hieu tip
thfi"'" Theo dd, cac thanh vifin cimg thara
gia sin xuit, kinh doanh san pham cd chung
thuang hifiu phai cd sy cam kfit, dim bio
khflng giy anb huomg dfin thuang hifiu
chung Tit ca cic ca nhan, tfl churc thanh
vifin dfiu cd chung trich nhiera bio v§ va
phat trifin thuang hipu Day chinb li bifiu
hipn cua duy tri va phit huy vfln xa bpi cao
trong cpng dflng CJ khau ban hang, ddi hfli
ca sd sdn xuit, kinh doanh phai thifit lap
mgng ludi cac bgn hang, dfli tic, thi trudng
dfi tieu thy cac san phim
Nhu vdy, vdn xd hfli cd the dugc sii dung de chuyfin hda thanh cdc ngufln lyc khac ciing nhu tim kiem dugc cac lpi fch Trong cic khiu quan trpng ciia phit trifin ngdnh nghfi d nflng thon ciing nhu cac yfiu tfl inh huomg den nganh ngh^, yeu tfl vfln
xi hfli dfiu cd y nghia nfiu dugc khai thic, sii dyng va pbat buy mot each cd hipu qui Vfin xa hpi la mpt nguon lyc quan trpng trong phat trifin kinh te, ngufln lyc iy dd vd dang tfin tgi khi da dang trong cpng dflng
xd hfli nudc ta, nhit li d khu vuc nflng thon nhung chua dugc nhin dipn va khai thdc, phit huy tfli da vai trd cua nd Trong npi dung tifip theo cua bii vifit nay, tac gii dua
ra rapt bdng chiing thuc te trfin co sd van dyng cac ly thuyfit, quan difim nghifin ctiu
*'' Thuang hi^u t$p thi (cdn ggi Id thuang hieu
nhdm) la thuong hi^u ciia mflt nhom, hay mot so
chung lo^i h^ng hoa nao do, cfl the do mpt ca sd
xuat va kinh doanh a trong ciing mot khu v\rc dja
ly, gan vdi cdc yeu t6 xudt xii dja ly nhk dinh Thuong hi|u t^p thi dirge xky dyng tr^n co sd chi
din xudt xii dia ly
Trang 3vfi vfln xd hpi v i o mpt nghifin ciiu difin hinh
vfi ITnh vyc phit trifin nganh nghfi phi nflng
nghifip d khu vyc nflng thon*^' Kfit qua
nghifin ciiu cho thiy nhiing vai trd, tdc dpng
tfch cue va quan trpng cua vfln xd hpi trong
phat trifin kinh tfi d khu vyc nflng thfln nudc
ta, qua dd chi ra nhihig trifin vpng va ggi y
cac giai phdp dfi khai thac, phdt huy tfii da
nguon lyc quan trpng nay
2 Von xa hoi trong pfaat t r i i n kinh tk
nong thon: t n r d n g hgrp pfaat trien nganfa
nghe phi nong nghipp
2.1 Huy dgng cdc ngudn v6n cho phdt
triin sdn xuSt, kinh doanh nganh nghe
phi ndng nghiep
- Huy dgng "vdn khdi nghiep"
Kfit qud khdo sat ve ngufln gfic co
sd/hogt dpng s i n xuit kinh doanh nganh
nghfi phi nfing nghipp ciia gia dinh, ngudi
trd ldi cho ring "ty d i u t u " chiem 93,2%;
dugc thira kfi tu gia dinh chifim 5,7%;
dugc cbo, sang nhugng tir ngudi khic
chifim 1,1%
Vfi ngufln vfln cho hogt dpng san xuit
kinh doanh phi nflng nghiep, phdn "vfin ty
cd" chi chiem 45,9%, sfl cdn lai Id di vay dfi
dau tu, trong do vay mpt phan chifim 47,0%
va vay toin bp 7,2%
Nhu vgy, phdn ddu tu ban diu chu yeu
cua CO sd san xuit kinh doanh l i co sd vat
chit, nha xuomg; dit dai la "tu diu tu",
nhung vfi ngufin tai chinh phuc vy cho hogt
dfing san xuit kinh doanh thi phu thuflc
chinh vao ngufln vfln vay tir bfin ngoii
Difiu ndy it nhifiu dupc thfi hipn d vai trd
cua vfin xd hpi trong huy dflng ngufln "vfln
khdi nghipp" cua cdc ho kinh doanh, doanh
nghifip d nflng thfln
- Vdn cho duy tri vd phdt trien sdn xu&,
kinh doanh: tiep can vdi hi thdng tin dgng chinh thuc co dieu kiin va tdm quan trgng ciia cdc mdi quan he hg hdng, bgn be
Cd 58,8% hfl gia dinh dupc hdi co vay cho boat dgng s i n x u i t kinh doanh, chi co 41,2% khflng vay Cdc khoan vay cua hp chifim ty lfi cao n h i t danh cho raua nguyen vat lipu cho s i n xuit 61,2%, tifip din 15,7% mua sdm may mdc Ngoii ra cac nguon vfln vay sur dung cho cac boat dpng khic nhu s i n xuat nong, lim, ngu nghiep 7,6%, khdc 6,6%
Ngufln vfin chu yfiu m i cic hp gia dinh vay tii he thong c i c Ngan hang Nong nghipp vd Phit trien nflng thfln 45,5% Dieu niy kha bgp ly bdi tren dia ban nflng thon d Viet Nam h i u nhu da phii kin hp thflng co
sd giao dicb cua Ngdn hing Nflng nghidp
v i Phat trien nong thfln (dfin cic trung tam huyfin v i nhifiu noi dfin dia b i n xa) Nguon vay tir bgn be, hp bang 13,9% Ddy la nguon vfln thudng dugc buy dpng ttong trudng hgp dot xuat b o ^ khd tifip can voi cac ngufln khdc vdi uu difira la it khi ph^
t r i ldi Vay tir Ngan hdng Cbinh sach xd hoi 12,9% Ngufln vay nay chii yfiu gidi quyfit nhu cau cho cac hg gia dinh thii$c dien ngheo, can ngheo v i dien gia dmh chinli sich xd hfli
^' Di t^i "Nghiin cuu gidi phdp huy dgng von xa hgi trong phdt trien ngdnh nghi phi ndng ngld$p phuc vv xdy dgng ndng thon mdi" (2013) ftu^c
Chuong trinh Khoa hpc vd Cflng ngh^ phye vy ) ^ dung nong thfln mdi giai do^n 2011 - 2015 do TK sdt tren 700 ho gia dmh ldm ngdnh n ^ i phi n&ig nghi?p thufic 7 tinh Thdi Nguyen, Nam Djnh, N ^
An, Quang Nam, Ldm Ddng, Ddng Nai vi Cin Tho
Trang 4Don vi: %
N g d n hdng ChFnh s&ci\ x a hQi
S O D
-rrn dung phi chinh thiic (hgi hp y^ y< \ 3 0
fV-phLrfrng ) / ^ - ^ / y C ^ " ^
/ / / /MoV-i
Bgn ijft, hg hfing ( — — - / _ _ _ / / ^ C \ J
^ — 7 ^ ^ "^"Q NNBFTMT
- ^ ^ y X , \ ^ Ngan hfing nHnmg m^
^ ^ v - ^ \ \ _ \ _ _ _ ^ Vig^n hfing Tir nhfin
TwnhflnV"'^ \ \ / ^''-v.'' V -'''""^ \ / / ^ • ^ ' H 6 1 NOng dSn
uac quy tin dung nhan dan H^ Ph^ nCr
Hinh 1: Cac nguon huy dong von cho hoat dpng san xuat, kinh doanh phi nong nghiep
NguSn: Khao sat thirc te cua De tai - 2013
Vi$c huy d^ng tit quj* tin dimg nhan dan
chidm 6,8% Nguon vay tir Hpi Ph\i niJ
chiSm 3,9%, tuong duong voi ty le vay tit
tu nhan (nhung khong phai ttr nguoi cho vay
lai) Nhin chung, trong co ciu cac ngu6n
vay thi ty le cua cac tb chile chinh tri - xS
hoi 6 cac dia phucmg khong cao
2.2 Lien ket, hd trgt hoft dong sin
xuat, kinh doanh nganh nghS
Day la mot trong nhQng chl bao quan
trong di danh gia nguin v6n xa hoi cung
nhu vi?c van dving von xa hpi trong phat
triln san xu4t, kirih doanh trong cac ho gia
dinh d khu vuc nong thon Co khoang 20%
s6 hp duprc hoi cho rjng co hpp tac vcri
ngudi khac Kk qua nay cho thay su hprp
tac trong san xuit ngtah nghS phi n6ng
nghidp a nong thon van duoc duy tri nhung
chua m?nh so vol hpp tac, ho trp trong linh
v\ic san xuit nong nghipp Day cung phin
nao phSn anh tinh "co cvim" cua v6n xi hpi
a khu v\rc nong thdn khi ma nhieu nguoi
con tam ly e ngai mcr rpng cac quan he x3 hpi, lien kSt, hpp tac san xuat, kinh doanh voi ben ngoai Phan lon cac giao dich, trao d6i, hop tac trong ph^im vi nho lang xa, dua tren cac moi quan he xa h$i than thiet nhu anh em, hang xom, lang gieng
Bang 2: Cac ITnh vuc hpp tac trong san xuit, kinh doanh LTnh virc hpp tac Chung nhau xucmg, kho bai Chung phucmg ti$n san xuit Chung thi tnrcmg tieu thu san pham NguSn cung cip nguyen li?u Trao d6i thong tin san phim, gia ca Chia se kinh nghiem san xuit
Tyle
(%)
8,7 19,0 31,0 25,4 57,1 52,4
Ngudn: Khao sat thirc te cua De tai - 2013
Trang 5Cic vh qui phin tich tii phdng van,
thao luin vdi cac hfl sin xuit nganh nghe
phi nflng nghiep cho thiy, thflng qua cic
ho?it dpng hgp tic ndi tren, lpi ich thu
nhin dupc cua ngudi dan bieu hien tren
nhigu phuong dien Dd la su fln dinh cua
ngufln nguyen lieu phuc vu sdn xuat, tbi
trudng tieu thu sin phim dupc dim bao,
hang hda khflng bi ii dpng, g i ^ thieu
dupc nhiing hii ro trong kinh doanh bufln
ban Va, quan trpng ban la ngudi din
dupc trao ddi, chia se kinh nghiem, cdc
thflng tin ve gia ca, thi trudng
2.3 Tim kiem thj trudng tieu thu
Khi tira hieu ve khi nang tieu thu cac
sdn phdm nganh nghe phi ndng nghiep, ket
qua khao sat cac hp gia dmh cho thiy, chi
cd 14,7% tri Idi cd don vi dung ra bao tieu san phim, 80,3% cho ring khdng Nhu vay, boat dflng sin xuit phi nfli^ nghiep ph^ doi mat vdi khd khan ve thi trudng tieu liu sin phim De kiem chumg d i ^ nay, khi duoc hdi "6ng/ba cd dupc thi trudng tieu
thu sin phim bang each nio", kh qui cho
thiy, cd 41,5% cho rang tu tim kilm Ben canh dd, cd 7,4% duoc anh em hp hang gioi thieu, 12,1% dupc ban be gjdi thieu, 2,5% dupc hpp tac xa, hiep hfli nganh ngh6 gjoi thieu, 15% ban hang truyen thflng, 0,6%
thong qua quang ba, quang cio, gidi tiaea
sin phim Dang luu y la, cd den 68,1% cho rang tu khich hang tim den
Dcmvi:%
Anh em h^ B^n be giai
hdng gi^i thieu
thi$u
H<7P t ^ Thj tnrirng QuSng bA Khach
la, hiep h ^ tnjy6n quiuig c ^ , h^ng tv tim
gidi thi$u th6ng gid'i thieu d ^
sSn phSm
Hinh 2: Hinh thiic tim kiem thi trudng tieu thu san phim
Nguon: Khio sat thuc ti cua D^ tai - 2013
Hinh 2 cho thiy, mic dii cd su ho tra,
giup dd cua cic mang ludi quan he trong
v i ^ ho trp tira kilm thi trudng tieu thu nhu
qua ngudi than, b?ui be nhimg chua nhiflu
Vai trd cua cic tfl chuc hop tic xa, hiep hpi
cdn rit md nhgt Ben canh dd, cong tic
quang ba, gidi thipu sdn phdm khfli^ dang
ke Chinh vi vgly, vipc ngudi sin xuit tu tim
kiem ciing nhu khach hang tu tim din, kl
thira thj trudng tmyln thdng quen thuflc va
sin cd van la phuong thiic dua sin phim la thi trudng pho bien hien nay
Khi tira hilu ve viec khach tu tim den, phin Ion ngudi sdn xuit vi can bo quan IJ cflng dflng cho ring do ten tufli, danh tiing ciia dia phucmg san xuat cic sdn phim dupc nhilu ngudi bilt din
Nhu viy, trong bfli cinh cdn thilu cac
CO quan, tfl chiic dung ra bao tieu saa phim tiT san xuit phi nong nghipp thi
Trang 6ngudi dan phii tu giai quylt cic khd
kban (tu tim kilm thi trudng), nhilu khi
trong yao su "may riii" (khich hing tu
tim den), dua vio tbi trudng truyen
tbflng Vipc van dung cac mfli quan he,
mang ludi xa hpi cua ci nhin cung dupc
coi nhu li mpt gii do dl giim di nhirng
rui ro, khd khan neu trSn
2.4 Chuyin dot nghi nghiep, vi^c ldm
2.4.1 Chuyen ddi ngdnh nghe nong
nghiep sang phi ndng nghiep: dita tren
Bang 3: Cbuyen ddi nghi
qitan he gia dtnh, bgn be, su hd trg cua cdc
td chuc a dia phuang
Nghien ciiu quan tim den viec chuy6n dfli ngdnh nghe ciia ngudi lao dflng, ket qua khao sat cho thay cd 2 hudng chuyin dfli Hudng thli nhat Ii tir nflng nghiep sang phi nflng nghiep (90,7%), trong do: trflng trpt: 68,8%, ehan nufli: 19,0%, danh bit, nufli trflng thuy san: 2,9% Hudng thii hai la tir rapt nghe phi nflng nghiep cu sang rapt nghe phi nflng nghiep mdi (9,3%) nghiep ciia ngudi lao dflng Nganh ngh^ chinh
Trong trpt
Chan nuoi
Danh bit, nuoi trong thuy san
Che bien, bao quan nong lam thiiy san
San xuat v^t lieu xSy dimg
Xii ly, che bien nguyen lieu phuc vu nganh
nghg n6ng thon
San xuat hang thu c6ng my nghe
Cay tr^ng va kinh doanh sinh vat canh
Xay dimg, vjn tai trong npi bp xa, lien xa
T6 chiic dao tao nghe, truyen nghd, tu van san
xuit kinh doanh
Buon ban, kinh doanh nho, tap hoa
Tong s6
Nganh nghe truoc khi chuyin 68,8 19,0 2,9 0,5 1,5 0,0 1,5 4,8 0,5 0,5
100
Nganh nghe hien tai 24,6 7,7 3,2 2,0 17,1 1,0 3,0 0,2 21,1 2,7 17,4
100
Nguon: Khao sat
Cac moi quan hS xa hpi co vai tro gi
trong vi$c giiip ngucri lao dSng chuyin doi
nghe nghiSp, viec lam Ket qua khao sat
cho thiy co 60,2% trd lori "co nhan duoc su
ho trp, giiip d5 ciia nguoi khac" khi chuyen
d6i Cv thS, nhilu nhit tit "nguoi than", co
38,2% ngufiri tra Icri, tiip d6n la "ban be" co
17,7% Co 3,8% nguiri cho rang c6 nhan
dupc s\r giiip ds tir phia hp hang va chi
0,8% tCr phia hang xom lang gilng
thtrc teDe tai-2013 D6i voi cac td chiic doan thl, chinh trj
-xa hpi a dia phuang, c6 7,7% ngucri tra
loi cho ring hp nhan dupc su ho trp gioi thieu vice lam tir phia chinh quyln dia phuong, tilp din la hai to chuc co anh huong kha lon v4 co s6 hpi vien tham gia nhilu nhit 6 nong thon la Hpi Phu nii va H6i Nong dan Cac t l churc chinh tri - xa
hpi a dia phuong da to chiic hieu qua cac
hinh thlic ho tro cho hpi vien cua minh
Trang 7chuyin dfli nghi nghiep sang ITnh vuc phi
nflng nghiep
2.4.2 Su hinh thdnh mgng luai xd hdi
cua ngudi lao ddng co vai trd quan trgng
trong hd tra ngudi di cu ttm kiem viic ldm
vdphdt trien sdn xudt
Nhdm nghien ciiu nhan thdy nhting
ngudi lao dflng tii bd cac cflng viec thuan
nong de di lira cflng nhin tai cac khu, cura
cong nghiep (tai dia phuong), ngudi lao
dflng di lam an xa (dia pbuong khic) phdn
ldn do tic dpng bdi nhung ngudi cd moi
quan hp d gdc dp ban be, gia dinh, hang
xdm va quan he dflng huong Da so nbung
trudng hpp nay deu Id ngudi tre radi hoan
thdnh cflng viec hpc tap tai cic trudng phfl
thflng vd thara gia thi trudng iao dpng Hinh
thiic ho trp ciia mang ludi ndy cd the mfl td
nhu sau: nbung ngudi da timg di cu, lao
dpng di cung cap thong tin ve cong viec,
thu nhdp cho nhiing ngudi d dia phucmg
biet Trong rapt vai trudng hpp ho trp chi
phi di lai, ho trp chi phi sinh boat ban dau
de ngudi d dia phucmg di chuyen den ncri
Idra vipc radi
M^ng ludi xd hpi giQa nhthig ngudi cd
cimg die tnmg nhu: ciing que huang, tfln
giao ddng vai trd quan trpng trong viec ho
trp, giiip do lan nhau trong gidi thieu viec
lam, phat trien sdn xuit
Voi nhiing bieu hien ndi tren, cd the thdy
vai trd ciia vfln xd hfli trong vipc thuc hien
chiic nang lien ket, bfl tra dua tren nhung
mfli quan he truyen thflng cua nguoi dan d
nflng thfln (tinh cim, ban be, quS huang)
2.4.3 Gdy dtmg hdnh ddng tap the mang
lgi lgi ich chung
- Ddi cdng - md hinh trao ddi lao dgng
vdn cdn dugc duy tri
Dfli cong d nong thon Viet Nam la mflt
hipn tupng khd phfl biln khi ma lao dflng
nflng nghipp trao dfli ldn nhau khi miia vy
chua tdi, cd ngbia la giua cic hfl gia dinh co the huy dpng sir hfl trp ve lao dpng ciia nhiing bfl khac khi cac bp chua cd nhu cdu sii dung vao thai diem dd, vi sau dd, cac hp nay se hfl tro trd lai khi cac hfl gia dinh kia
cd nhu cau
Qua khio sat cho thay, cd 28% ngucri dupe hdi cho rdng trong 12 thang qua co boat dflng "doi cdng lao dflng" trong hoat dpng sin xuat kinh doanh nginh nghe phi nong nghiep Hien tupng doi cong la mot ddc trung kha pho bien d khu vitc nong thon Miln Bdc Chinh vi v|.y, ty lp ngudi tra ldi cd dfli cong kha cao d cic tinh nhu Thii Nguyen 61,1%, Nam Dinh 47,5%
Ty le niy thip ban d cac tinh phia Nam nhu Dong Nai 10,1%, Cin Tba 12,2%
Dac biet dfli vdi cac loai hinh nganh nghe truyen thflng nhu sin xuat che d Thai Nguyen, cac hfl gia dinh den thdi di€m phdi hii cbe (du tufli) tbi muon lao dpng ciia cac
hp gia dinh trong hp hoie hang xdm dang ranh roi 6 Quang Nara, khi cdc hp cd don ddt bang thi chia se dan hang cho gia dinh khac hodc huy dflng lao dpng sang lam
Tuong tu, trong boat dflng san xudt thii cdng my nghp dfl go d Nam Dinh, viec luan chuyen lao dpng giDa cic hp gia dinh kha phfl bien nham chia se khd kban ve lao dpng, dong thdi cimg thS bien tinh than ho b-p ldn nhau giii quylt cflng an, vipc ldm ddi vdi lao dpng doi du
Hinh thlic dfli cdng la bilu bien ciia hanh dpng t^p the, cimg nbau tbuc hien cic cong viec cd chung loi ich tren co sd su tin tudng lan nhau, thudng xuit hipn d cic mang ludi
xd hpi dua tren tlnh cam, ddng hp, quan h^
gin gui vl dja ban cu tni '
- Phdt trien thuang hiiu tap the Id bieu
hien cao ciia stf cam kit, tin tuang ldn nhau, thuc hien cdc chudn muc chung trong cgng ddng
Trang 8Diy li mflt trong nhirng ddc dilm vi thl
hi6n chuc ndng quan trpng ciia vfln xa hfli
Nhieu ling ngbi, nganh nghi tmyln thflng
di t^o dung dupc tiiuong hieu nhu che Thii
Nguyen, tuong Nam Dan, dd go La Xuyen,
s ^ phim det d Duy XuySn, boa d Lim
Dong Phin tich cac trudng hop cu thl cd
the nhdn thiy ring, ngudi ddn trong cflng
dflng tham gia cac boat dflng sdn xuit, kinh
doanh cd su tin ciy lin nbau, ciing bo trp,
phfli hpp de xiy dung va bao ve thuang
hipu chung Chinh thuang hi^u chung do
khi da dupc xa hfli, thi trudng thira nhan se
giiip cho cac san phim dupc tieu thu, cung
tir dd thu nhip ciing cac loi ich mang lai
cho ngudi lao dpng duoc tang len Dilu dd
cd nghla la, mfli ca nhin, ngudi Iao dpng
trong cpng dflng ling, xa hay don vi sin
xuat deu cd "trich nhiem, nghia vu" de bio
V? tai sin cbung cua minh
Vipc kilra soit, giam sit cac thanh vien
trong cpng dflng thuc hien ddy du cic quy
trinh, quy d ^ cua qua trinh sin xuit kinh
doanh la de thucmg bieu tap the khflng bi anh
hirong Cac quy dinh, chuan rayc duac xiy
d\mg chinh la ket qui phai sinh ciia nh&ig
cara ket, sir tin tudng lan nhau trong cflng
dflng va trd thdnh ngufln vfln xa hfli quan
trpng de bdo ve lpi ich chung cua tip the
- Lien kit, hgp tdc gap phdn tdng tinh
cgnh tranh sdn phdm ngdnh nghe phi ndng
nghiip d nong thdn
Ngoai gdp phin hinh thanh, xay dung
thuang hieu tap the cua cic san phira ndi
tr6n, thflng qua vfln xa hfli cdn giiip cho
ting tinh canh tranh cua cac sin phim
thflng qua hoat dflng lien ket, hpp tic
Nghien ciiu cho thdy, d nhimg nai ndo cd
sir hap tic, ho trp lan nhau ciia cic hp gia
dinh hay cdc don vi sin xuit, kinh doanh
hay giira cac ca quan, tfl chiic, khiu cd lien
quan den chuoi san xuit tbi sire canh tranh cua san phdm dupc tang len rit nbilu Dilu nay da dupc nhieu can bp quan ly, chu doanh nghiep, dai dien hpp tic xa khdng dinh trong cic nghien ciiu dinh tinb Cu thl,
cd cac dang liSn ket hudng tdi viec tang tinh canh tranh cho sin phim nhu sau: (1) Lien ket giua sin xuit - tieu thu sin phdm: lien ket niy giup cbo viec sin xuit trinh duoc cic nii ro khi hang hda sdn xuit khong cd noi tieu thu, phii ban le tren thi trudng va de bi ep gia, mit gii Chdng ban nhu dfli vdi sin phara det tai Duy Xuyen -Qudng Nam
(2) Lien ket giiia nbung nguoi sdn xuit vdi nbau: dl hinh thanh thucmg hieu manh,
ho tro nbau ve thi trudng tieu tbu, cdc ylu tfl diu vao qui trinh san xuit Diy li mo hinh lien ket thflng qua cac tfl hop tdc sdn xuit, bop tic xa san xuit, hpp tie xa dich vu Dilu niy thiy ro trong khiu ddu tu, quan tam den boat dflng tilp thi sin phim tuong Nam Dan ctia tfl hop tdc xa da mang Iai nhieu don dat hang ciia dfli tdc, sdn phim ban gia cao tren tiu trudng so vdi cac sin phim tuong tu
(3) Lien ket giira san xuit - dich vu ctmg ling cdc dieu kien phuc vu sdn xuit - ca sd/mang ludi tieu thu sin pham Nghien Cliu trudng hpp Hpp tic xi Duy Son 2 d Quing Nam cho thiy, cd sir lien ket chdt che vi hieu qua giiia hoat dong sin xuit vdi quing bd, tiep thi va tieu tbu san phim mang lai hieu qui san xuat kinh doanh cao Cic nghien cihi khic ciing chi ra rang,
dh tang thl manh san xuat d nflng thon thi
viec tang cudng cac lien ket trong cic khau cua qua trinb sin xuit, tieu thu sin phdm ddng vai trd quan trpng de duy tri, phit trien, ting kha nang canb tranh san phim tren thi trudng
Trang 9Tgp chi Khoa hue xa hgi Vifl Nam, so 6(91) - 2015 Phdn tich vai trd, tic dpng cua von xa I
hpi trong phat trien nganh nghe phi nflng
nghiep cho thdy: sir tin tudng ldn nhau
trong cpng dflng nflng thfln thl hien tin
tudng ndi chung, tin tudng trong vay mupn
tien bac, tin tuomg tiong giiip dd, bo trp kho
khdn, h5 trp phit trien kinh te; cd sir lien
ket, hpp tic trong sdn xuit kinh doanh
ngdnh nghe phi nflng nghiep nbung dua
tren cac quan be tinh cdra, quen biet, gin
giii ve dia ban cu tni, ma cbua phat trien
thanh quan hp rpng rad ban ben ngoii Diy
la d ^ trung vdn xa hpi cua cpng dong phu
thuflc vao boat dpng sin xuit nflng nghiep,
nhd Ie, t\r cung tv cip Dilu ndy thl bien
m§t "tieu c^rc" nhieu ban li ttch c\rc trong
bo^t dpng sin xuit kinh doanh Hp qua dan
den li thigu lien ket trong sin xuit vi tieu
thp sin phim, khflng dli mdi cflng nghe,
trao doi chia se thj trudng; cac mang ludi
xa hpi md ngudi din tham gia da phat huy
nhQng ylu to tich c\rc nhu b5 tip nhau tim
kilm vipc lam, chuyin dfli nghi nghiep, ho
tip khd khdn trong ddi song vi nhiing rCii ro
g5p phdi Tuy nhien, cic m?ng ludi xa hpi
chii yeu vln la d\ra tien quan h? tinh cam,
gin gui nhu gia dinh, hp hing, ban be rai
chua thara gia nhieu/chua phat triln mang
ludi xi hpi dua tien quan he chirc nang
(nghi nghidp, chuyen mfln, thii bic, theo
hpp dflng) Dieu niy dan din cac boat dpng
sin xuit cdn bd hpp, khong chii dflng vl thi
trudng ti6u thy sdn pham, phin ldn vdn phu
thupc vio thj tiudng truyin thflng Ben
cgnh dd, vai trd vfln xa hpi thflng qua cac t6
chiic chinh quyln, raang ludi xd hfli chinh
tilde d dja phuong tiong vi6c ho tip, thiic
ddy s\r tham gia ciia ngudi din tiong boat
dpng phi nflng nghidp cdn md nhat, chu ylu
s\r ho trp, giiip dd mang tinh tinh cdra
Ngudi ddn cdn khd khdn trong tilp can cac
nguon von tin dyng chinh thirc (hiu hit cac
ngufln vfln cd diflu kipn: the chip tdi san)
3 Mpt vai giai phap thuc diy dong gop cua von xi h$i trong phit triln kinh
tl nong thon
Thu nhdt, ning cao nl^ln thiic cac cip,
cflng dflng nhdm hieu, nhin thiic diy du vl tam quan trpng ngufln vfln xa hpi dl cd y thirc khai thac, sii dung vi phit huy thflng qua boat dpng xay dung, hoach dinh chinh sich, tao dieu kipn cho vfln xa hfli cd dilu kien phit triSn
Thu hai the chl hda ylu tfl, ngufln lyc
"vfln xa hpi" trong cac chii trucmg, dudng Ifli, chinh sdch phdt triln kinh tl d nong thon tao budc dpt phi tiong nhin thiic va hdnh dpng cua cong tie quin ly trong vi^
khai thac, sii dung vi phit huy lpi ich cua loai hinh vfln nay Dd li viec cu thl trong cic chii truang, chinb sach, van bdn, nghj quyet cua timg dia phuong tiong viec tao dieu ki^n cho cic mfl hinh, cdc nhdm, hpp tdc, tu quin trong cflng dflng
Thu ba, xiy d\mg rafli trudng phu hpp
cbo pbat tiiln von xi hfli, gom: (1) mfli trudng vl vdn hda, xi hpi (cdn xdy dimg mfli tiudng vin hda, vdn minh; phat huy nhihig tiuyin thflng vin hda lanh manh, tflt dep cua c^ng dflng nflng thfln nhu truyen thflng doan kit, tin tuomg, giiip dd lin nhau, tmh thin tuang than, tucmg ai ); (2) moi trudng chinh tri/thi chl (xiy dvmg xa hpi dan chii, cflng bdng, ton trpng phdp lugt qua
do tgo niem tin va sir hop tic lan nhau hong cpng dong; khuyen khich cac tfl chiic chinh
tij - xi hpi, cac th chiic, bfli, nhdra phat
triln vd hogt dpng theo phip Iugt nhdm tao di6u kipn dl cac bpi vifln, thanh vi6n flam' gia hop tic, chia se); (3) rafli tiudng kmh t i (xay dung vi duy tri mfli trudng canh tranh linh raanh, thiic diy hpp tic gitta cac co sd san xudt vdi thj trudng, giiia ngudi lao dpng vdi ngudi lao dpng, gitia cac bdn trong
Trang 10chudi san xuit) Moi tnroi^ canh tranh ldnh
mgnh gitip tao nilm tin, dpng Iuc cho phit
trien kinh tl
Thu lu kiem soat vi Ioai bd cic yeu to
cd anh hudng tieu cue din phit huy vai
tid/tiedflng cua vdn xa hfli tiong phit triln
kinh t§, nganh nghi phi nflng nghiep, nhit
la trong qui trinb chuyin dfli xd hfli nong
thfln Trong qua trinh nay cdn nhieu yen tfl
cua xa hfli nflng ngbiep dang ton tai nbu cfl
ket nhdm nhd dua tien tirih cim, than tpc
(thay vi cfl ket dua tren lpi ich, die tnmg
nghe nghipp, tim tudng lin nhau , cic hinh
tiitic cfl ket nay phii hop vdi yeu ciu phit
trien sin xuit kinh doanh)
ThU ndm, thiic diy, tgo dilu kipn lien kit
phat triln san xuit kinh doanh: vai trd cua
cic doi tac/cbii the trong phat trien kinh te
nhu la cac tic nhan trong moi quan hp sin
xuat gom: nha nudc, nha san xuit (hfl gia
dmh, doanh nghiep), nha doanh nghiep
(tieu thu san pham, nguyen lipu ), nha
khoa hpc (phit trien ky ndng, kien thiic, tri
thlic ), nha "bang" (von, tin dung ) Giai
p h ^ nay nhdra tao £eu kien phat trien vdn
xa hpi qua do gidi quyet cac giii pha^ ve thi
tnrdng, cflng ngbe/ky thuit
TTiie sdu, phit huy vai tid chti thd, ndng
cflt ciia cac tfl chiic cbinh tri-xa hpi d dia
phuang trong phat trien kinh t% ndi chung
va xiy dung nong thfln mdi ndi rieng, dgc
biet Ii cac tfl chiic hien dang thu hiit su
tham gia sinh boat dflng dio cua ngudi dan
nhu Hpi Nflng dan, Hfli Ph\i nu; phat triln,
khuyin khich cac tfl chtic xi hpi nghi
nghiep, cac tfl chiic theo die trung vl sd
thich, chuydn mfln, hop tie tiong viec tip
hop, ho trp cic thanh vien thara gia theo
hudng thvrc chit, mang Iai Igi ich khi tham
gia, tranh hinh thiic din den ngudi tham gia
khflng cdn tin tuomg va khdng cd nhu ciu
tilp tyc tham gia
Tai lieu tham khao
i Bui Quang Diing va Dang Vi^t Phutmg
(2011), Bdo cdo kit qud nghien cuu trong khuon khd
chuang trinh nghiin cuu vi "mgng lu&i xd hgi vd van dung mgng ludi trong nen kinh ti chuyin ddi",
(Du an hgp tac giira Vien Xa hpi h^c va Vi§n Nghien cihi D6ng Nam A, Cdng h6a Phip giai doan 2006-2009), Ha Npi
2 Christiaan Grootaert (1998), Social Capital:
The Missing Link? Worldbank
3 DELTA Barenz (2011), Tdi liiu hudng ddn
ve Phdt triin Kinh ti dia phuang (Ban t6m
taO-4 D 5 van Quan (2014), "Phit huy vai trt cua von xa hpi trong xay dung n6ng th5n m(H", T^p chi
Ly lugn chinh tri, so thang 8
5 Hoii^ Ba Thinh ^009), "Vdn xa h$i, mang
luoi xa hpi va nhftng phi ton", Teqj dii Xa hgi hgc, s6 1
6 Joseph Stiglitz (2002), "Tham gia va irfiat triln: quan di€m tir md hinh phdt trien toan difn",
Farrukh Iqbal vd Jong-II You, Ddn chu, kinh li thf • tntdng vd phdt triin: tir gdc nhin Chdu A, Ngan
hang the gidi, Nxb The ^oi Ha Noi
7 Mai van Hai va cong su (2007), Mgng ludi
quan hi hg hdng lay cd nhdn ldm tnmg tdm va vai trd cda nd trong hogt dgng kinh ti d ndrtg thdn, Bao
cao kit qua nghien ciiu de tai cap Vifn XS bpi hpc, HaNpi
8 Uax'^theT^ltXiZ), Nin dgo due Tin Ldnh vd
linh than cda dm nghid tu ban, Nxb Tri diiic Ha Npi
9 Nguyen Thi Anh Tuyet (2013), Bdo cdo ket
qud sa bd kit qud khdo sdt cua di tdi tgi Hgi thdo
"Von xd hdi trong phdi triin ngdnh nghe phi ndng nghiep phye vu xdy dftng ndng thdn mdi", Hk Npi
10 Nguyen Thj Anh Ti^et (2012), ''V6n xa hpi
trong quan IJ va phit triln nong thon", T?p chi Xd
hdihgcs62iUi)
11 Nhieu tic gia (2013), Ldng tin vd vdn xd hgi,
Nxb Tri tiiiic, Ha Npi
12 Nguyen Qu^ Thanh (2005), "S^ giao thoa gifta v6n xa hpi v6i cac giao djch kinh tl trong gia
^nh: so sdnh gja dinh Viet Nam vd Han Quoc", T ^ chiJroAp/A<)cs6 2(90)