j Phap luat va hirong irffc trong quan ly xa hoi nong thon: danh gia tir phia ngiroi dan T n n m g Thi Hien * Tom tat: Tren cor sd phan tich thuc trang ngudi dan d nong thon thuc hifn q
Trang 1j Phap luat va hirong irffc trong quan ly xa hoi nong thon:
danh gia tir phia ngiroi dan
T n n m g Thi Hien *
Tom tat: Tren cor sd phan tich thuc trang ngudi dan d nong thon thuc hifn quyln
dupc ban bac, quyen dupc giam sat, dflng thdi phan tich su tin tgi ciia hucmg udc xet tir cai nhin ciia ngudi dan va khong gian phap lugt d viing nong thon, bai vilt chi ro sy cin thiet tao ra nhimg ca hpi de cd them su tuong tac, bo frp giiia hf thdng phap lu$t
va huong udc cung nhu can nhan difn co che dich thuc, con ngudi cu the ttr cpng ding ddng vai frd chii chot trong quan ly xa hoi
Tir khda: Phap luat; huong udc; quan ly xa hpi; ndng thon; ngudi dan
1 Mfrdau
Trong quan ly xi bfli nong thfln hipn nay,
phip luit va huong udc dang cimg tfln tgi
nhu la nhihig chuin myc xa hpi Viy, nguoi
dan tilp nhin hai he thflng chuan myc niy
nhu thl nio? Trong nhiing truong hpp nao
thi ngudi dan cd xu hudng lya chpn phip
lugt, nhiing trudng hpp nao lya chpn bucmg
udc khi giii quylt cic cflng vifc lifin quan?
Lifu cd sy khic bifit giiia cic nhdm xa hfli
trong vific lua chpn phip luit hay huang udc
ttung vific thyc hifin cic quyfin?
Bai vilt nhim tra Idi cho nhiing ciu hdi
tren, dflng thoi cimg hudng tdi myc tifiu
nhan difin nhfing dinh gia cua ngudi din vfi
thyc trgng phip luat va huang udc trong
quin ly xa hpi nflng thfln hifn nay Ve dfi
lifu dinh Iupng, chung tfli da thyc hifin
khao sit 1.000 philu bing phuong phap
chpn miu nbilu giai doan Dia bin tinb
dirpc chpn thupc khu vyc nflng thfln, cd thfi
dai dien cho cic vung d Vift Nam Cu the,
dl tai dupc tiln hanh khio sit tai, 5 tinh:
Thai Bmh, Hda Binh, Quang Ngai, Dik
Lik vi Tra Vmh Chiing tfli chpn ngau
nhien moi tinh 2 huyfin, moi huypn mpt xa
lim dia ban khio sat Tai moi xa, chpn ngau nhien bai hoac ba thfln Tifip dd, lap danh sich mlu cac hfl gia dinh d moi thon theo phuang phip chpn mlu ngau nhien he tbflng Ngudi tryc tilp tia Idi bang hdi la chu hfl hogc vp/chflng chu hp, nhfing nguoi nim dupc thflng tin ro nhat vfi hp gia dinh minh ciing nhu li ngudl cd vai tid chinh ttong viec tham gia cic hogt dpng tgi thfln/xa Cac dfi lieu dinh tinh dupc tiiu thap chft ylu tft phuang phip phflng vln sau cic cin bp chinb quyfin dia phucmg Tflng sfl eupc phdng vin sau da dupc thyc hifn li
61 Ngoii ra, phuong phip thao luin nhdm ciing di dupc thyc hifn trong de tii nay Bii vilt tap trung phin tich vific nguoi dan thyc hifin quyen dupc ban bac, quyfin dupc giim sit; su ton tgi cua hucmg udc xet tft cii nhin cua nguoi dan; khflng gian phip luat d vimg nflng thfln
<*' Thac sT, Truong Dgi hpc Tay Nguyen DT: 0905041558 Email: truongthihien.xhh@gmaii.com
Bai vifit trong khuon khfl dfi tdi "Nghien cdu, dexudt cdc gidi phdp dp dung phdp lugt vd huang udc ldng trong qudn ly xa hgi nong thdn mdr do Chuang
trinh Khoa hoc va Cflng nghf phye yy xdy dyng nflng thfin mfii giai doan 2011 - 2015 tdi trp
Trang 22 NgirM dan vol vifc thuc hifn quyen
dirge ban bac, quyen dudc giam sat
2.1 Qio>in dirc/c ban bgc
CJ cic viing nflng thfln hifin nay, cac cuoc
hpp din thudng dupc tfl chftc d nba van hda
thfln/bufln Ngudi dan vimg ndng thfln tham
dy cac cufle hpp do trudng thfln/bufln to
chftc (cd giay mdi hoac duac radi) khi day
dft vdi gin 80% ngudi tri ldi rang da thara
gia bit ky cudc hpp nao d xa hoac thfln/ip cd
lien quan tdi nhung vin de cfta dia phuong
Cd sy khac bifit giua cic nhdm xi hpi
frong vifc tham gia cic cuoc hpp, tuy ring
khflng ldn Vi dy, nam gioi cd ty le tham gia
hpp cao ban so voi nfi gidi (84,5% so vdi
73,3%) So sinh giua cic nhdm tufli, nhdm
dudi 40 tuoi cd ty lfi nguoi tham gja hpp dgt
thip nhat (69,0%), cic nhdm tufli cao hon
xep tfi nbdm tfi thip tdi cao tuoi nhat cd ty lfi
tiiam gia hpp lin lupt la: 83,6%, 82,2% vi
81,8% Ve thanh phan din tflc, ty If thara gia
hpp cua ngudi Kinh la 77,4%, ngudi dan tpc
khac li 83,5% Vfi trinh dp hpc van, nhdm
cd trinh dp hpc vin khdng di hpc/tieu hpc cd
ty If tham gia hpp li 69,0%, thip hon so vdi
nhdm trung bpc co sd (THCS) va trung hpc
phfl tiiflng (THPT) trd len lln lupt li 83,0%
va 82,5% Nhihig ngudi la chu hp gia dinh
tham gia cic cupe hpp nhilu ban 83,7%
ngudi khflng phii la chu bfl cd (73,0%)
Nhung ngudi lam nflng nghifip cd ty If hop
la 82,2%, cao hon so vdi nhdm nghi khic
(72,1%) Nhiing ngudi cd mat tgi dia ban
nghifin ciru tu khi lip hp den nay cd muc dfl
tham dy cac cuoc hpp cao ban so vdi ngudi
tft nai khac dfin, ty lfi tuong ftng cho bai
nhdm niy la 81,1 % vi 71,0%
Nhfing cufle hpp cd dflng ngudi din
tham dy, dupc trien khai diuig gid va dien
ra vdi sy quan tam, ban bgc cua nguoi tham
dy thudng cd npi dung lien quan tryc tifip
din quyln lpi cfta nguai dan Tfi cii nhin
cua can bp c ^ xa, nhiing trudng hpp ngudi din khflng di hpp la do "ho kbflng dupc thflng bio cy thl ndi dung ma chi ghi van tit: hpp thdn, hpp budn"
Cic cin bfl xa cimg thiia nhin ring, vifc huy dflng nguoi dan di hpp thi khdng kho nhung dfi ngudi dan tham gia thio luin thi rit khd, die bifit d vung din tpc thilu sfl, bdi vi y kiln cfta ngudi dan dua ra khflng dupc tilp nhin lam hp chin nan
2.2 Qi^in dtt^cgidm sdt
Trong 3 nam ttd lai diy, rapt bfl phin ngudi din tai cic dia ban khio sat da tbam gia giim sit cic van de d dia phuang C ^ van de lien quan tdi vific thyc hifin quyen dupc giim sit ciia ngudi dan ma nhdm nghien cftu dua ra bao gflra: giai quyfit khieu nai to cao cua cflng dan; thi cflng, nghifira tbu, va quyet toin cic cflng trinh phuc lai cflng cflng; quin ly va sft dung dit dai; thu, chi cic loai quy cflng d xa; thanh ti^ cic vy vifc tieu cyc, tbam nhiing, quan lieu lien quan den cin bp xa/thfln/ap; va vific thyc hifn che dp chinh sich uu dm, thuong binh, benh binb, gia dinh lifit sy, gia dinh cbinb sich khic Ty lfi ngudi dan tham gia giim sit 6 npi dung trfin khoing tft 10,3% (thanh fra cic vy viec tieu cyc, tham nhiing, quan lifiu lien quan dfin cin bfl xa/thfln/lp) din cao nhit la 23,0% (dfli vdi hai npi dung: thyc hifin chl dp cbinh sich
uu dii, thuang binh, benh binh vi thi cflng, nghifm thu, quyfit toin cic cflng trinh phtic lpi cflng cflng) Ngudi din thyc bifin quyln giim sat chft ylu bang hinb thftc thflng qua ngudi dgi difn
Nhdm ngudi la chft hfl, tham gia tfl chfic chinh tri-xa hfli, la nam gidi tbam gia giira sit ci 6 npi dung nbilu ban hin so vdi nhdm nguoi khflng la cbu hp, khflng tiiam gia tfl chuc cbinh tii - xi hpi, li nfi gidi Nhdm ngudi cd trinh dp hpc vln tu THCS
Trang 3trd len cd xu hudng tham gia giara sit cic
nfli dung tren nhifiu han so vdi nhdra ngudi
khflng di hpc/tilu hpc Nguoi Kinh cd ty If
tham gia cao ban mflt chut so vdi nhiing
ngudi din tpc khac
Dfi lifiu nghien cfiu cho thiy, d raoi v3n
dl ma chiing tdi dua ra, cd khoang 30%
nguoi dan cho rang khdng dupc giam sat
Bfin canh dd, cung cd khoing 30% ngudi
dan cho bifit bp khflng biet/khflng quan tim
tdi vifc giim sat cac vin dfi cd lifin quan tdi
dia phuong Nguyen nhin li do "vific lay
tham van y kifin ngudi din nhifiu kbi thyc
hifn mdt cich miy mdc Ban thin ngudi
din ciing cbua hieu quyen vi trich nhifim
cua hp ttong viec tham gia ddng gdp y kien
trong qui trinh xiy dung hay giara sat vifc
thyc thi cbinh sach."
3 Sy ton tai hmmg vt&e x^t tir phia
ngudi dan
3.1 vi muc dich xdy dmig huang u&c
Hilu rapt each don giin, hucmg la lang,
huang udc la nhiing dieu thda udc cfta mpt
cpng dflng ling Trong xa hpi truyin thflng,
huong udc la cong cy dfi dieu tilt cic mfli
quan hp xa hfli ttong cflng dflng ling xa, la
sy tap hpp cd chpn lpc nhfing tuc lfi dupc
hmh tiianh trong qua trinh phat triln npi tai
cua cpng dflng
Hlu hit (85,7%) ngudi din bilt cd ban
huang udc da nhin thfic dupc ring viec xiy
dyng hucmg udc hifin nay la nham phuc vu
cflng tic ty quin tai cpng dflng Cd 56,1%
ngudi cho ring vifc xiy dyng huong udc
hifn nay nhim phye vy cflng tic quin ly
ciia chinh quyln, 29,9% la nhim bfl sung/quy
djnh cu thl ban cho cac vin bin luit tgi dia
phuang vi 10,3% cho la nhim cic myc
dich khic Cd 4,4% ngudi tri ldi khflng
bifit/khflng quan tim dfin vifc xiy dyng
huong udc/quy udc hifn nay nhim rauc
dich gi
Dudi cii nhin cua nguoi din, sy tfln tgi cua huong udc la can thilt Dfli vdi bp, vific xay dyng, thyc hifin huang udc se giftp cac thinh vifin ttong cflng dflng dupc sflng binh ding, duoc tham gia quan ly lang xa, ban bac viec ling, dupc tgo dieu kien lao dflng sin xuat, dupc tfl chftc hpi he, dinh dim, dupc tfln frpng va tham hdi Iftc khd khin, dau yen, qua ddi
3.2 Viec tiep nhgn huang u&c cda ngtedi ddn
Vific phfl bien npi dung huong udc tdi ngudi dan di dupc thyc hipn khi tot 93,4%
trong sfl nhirng ngudi cd bifit tdi ban huong udc moi ndi rang npi dung buong udc di dupc pbd bifin tdi hp, 3,0% cho ring npi dung hircmg udc khflng dupc phfl bien va 3,6%
khflng biet/khflng quan tam den vifc nay
Chung toi cung nhSn thSy cd sy khic bift vimg miln frong tinh hifu qua cua vifc phfl biln cic nfli dung cua huong udc Hai tinh Dak Lik va Tri Vinh cfl ty If ngudi dupc phfl biln vl nfli dung huong udc thap hon so vdi 3 tinh cdn lgi Ty lfi nay d Dik Lik li 78,0%, d Tra Vinh la 79,4% Trong khi ty If
d 3 tinh Thii Binh, Hda Binh va Quing Ngai lln lupt li: 94,9%; 97,3%; 96,2%
Hinb thuc phd biln buong uo'c d hau hit cic dia phuang la tfl chfic cic bufli hpp din (91,7% ngudi tia ldi neu ra hinh thuc niy)
Ben canh dd, mot sd dia phucmg ciing kit hpp hinh thftc thflng bao qua loa truyin tiianh xa/tiifln (46,7% ngudi tra loi lya chpn hinh thuc nay) vi (31,5% ngudi tri ldi hinh thftc niy) phfl bifin den timg hp gia dinh bing each giii van ban din timg nha; tra ldi
li hinh dific khic (0,8% va khong bilt/khflng quan tam (0,5%) ^
Cd 59,7% ttong sfl nhung ngudi biet cd bin huang udc mdi khflng bilt/khflng quan tam dfin nim raa huang udc cua tiifln/ap hp dupc bien soan
Trang 43.3 Muc do biit heang uoc cua ngiidi ddn
Muc do biet vi bdn huang u&c m&i
Tgt cic difim khio sit, chinh quyfin dia
phucmg deu cung c ^ cho nhdm nghifin cftu
cic ban huong udc thfln Nhung tren thyc
tl, 24,3% ngudi dan khdng biet hogc khflng
quan tam dfin vifc d thfln/ip cfta hp cd
buong udc hay khong, 5,3% ngudi dan
Idling dinh la khflng cd ban buong udc nao
tft trudc din nay va 6,0% cho ring d
thfln/ip ciia bp chi cd bin huong udc tft
thdi xua dfi lgi Tren binb dien chung, ty If
ngudi tri Idi ring, hp cd biet den bin huang
udc mdi ctia tbfln/ap dat 64,3% Ndi cich
khic, cd 35,7% ngudi tta ldi khflng bifit dfin
bin buong udc mdi cfta thfln/ip
So sinh giiia 5 tinh Dak Lik vi Tri
Vinh la hai tinh cd ty If nguoi dan biet den
ban buong udc mdi rat thip, ty le lan lupt la
21,5% vi 33,0% Trong khi do, ty lfi ngudi
din d ba tmh Thai Binh, Hda Binh va
Quing Ngii biet cd bin huang udc mdi
hrcng.ftng li: 80,8%; 93,5% va 93,0%
Muc do biit ngi dung eUa bdn huang
uac m&i
Trong sd nhihig ngudi bilt vl ban huong
udc moi cfta thfln/ap minh thi da sfl (86,2%)
cho ring ho cd bifit npi dung ciia ban huong
udc/quy udc moi, cdn Iai (13,8%) khflng
biet/khflng quan tara dfin nfli dung ciia nd
(13,8%) Nhu viy, nlu tinh ti^n tflng sfl 1.000
ngudi tri Ien thi chi cd ban mot nfta sfl mlu
(55,5%) cho ring hp cd biet nfli dung cfta ban
huong udc mdi cua thfln^an/ip minh
So sinh gifia 5 tinh thi Thii Binh, Hda
Binh va Quing Ngii la ba tinh cd ty If
ngudi cho ring hp biet vfi npi dung cua bin
huang udc mdi la rit cao, lan luat la:
80,2%; 94,7%; vi 95,2% Trong khi dd,
trong sfl it di nhimg nguoi bifit den bin
huong udc mdi d Dik Lik va Tra Vinh thi
ty If ngudi din bifit ve npi dung cfta nd
cting thap bon, thip nhit Ii d Dik Lik
(52,4%) Nfiu tuih ti^ tflng so miu khio sit d mfli tinh thi ty lfi ngudi dan biet den npi dung ciia bin huong udc/quy udc mdi d Thai Binh li (65,0%), d Hda Bmh la (88,5%), d Quang Ngai li (88,5%), d Dik Lik la (11,1%) va d Tra Vinh (24,0%)
Duac thdng bdo ve viec biin sogn huang uac
Tgi mfli thfln/ip, viec tbam gia bifin soan huang udc do mpt so thanh phin chu chot tbam gia nhu: trudng thon, trudng cic chi hfli/doan the d thon, nhfing ngudi cd uy tin hoac hifiu biet vfi Iich sfi cua thfln lang Ket qua kbao sat cbo thay, ttong sfl 641 ngudi
cd biet ve huong udc mdi thi chi cd 56,2% cho biet bp cd dupc tbflng bio vfi vific bifin soan huong udc/quy udc Cdn lai 32,1% tri ldi khdng dupc thong bao va cd 11,7% khflng biet/khflng quan tara So sinh giiia cic tinb cho thiy ty lfi ngudi dan tri ldi cd dupc tbflng bio vfi vific bien sogn huong udc d Tbii Binh va Hda Binh la cao ban (61,1% vi 71,1%) Trong khi ty Ie d: Quing Ngii Ii (44,1%), d Dik Lik la (39,0%), vi d Tra Vmh li (46,0%)
3.4 Mirc dd tuan thu hirang u&c cua nguoi ddn
Mflt trong nhfing die diem ciia huong udc the hifin d sy thda thuan, cam kit cua cic thanh vien trong rapt cpng dflng din cu nhit dinh va khi nang bi triing phgt nlu khflng thyc hien Khi nang bi triing phgt nlu lam sm tgo nfin ip Iuc vfi tmh thin dl moi ngudi nhgn thuc dupe ring minh khflng thl lam khac nhung dilu huong udc da quy djnh Dfi lieu dinh tmh tu cufle khio sat cho tiiiy, sy tfln tai cua huong udc mdi hifin nay chu ylu mang tinh hmh tiiuc Hiu hit can
bp chmh quyln dia phuong thfia nhgn, da
cd nbung hinh vi vi phgm huong udc Tuy nhien, cbung tfli cbua gbi nhin dupc cic
tiirdng hpp bi trung phat bdi buong udc vi
nhung hinh vi vi pham cd lifin quan
Trang 5Vific thi hinh cac difiu khen thuong cimg
nhu dilu phat dupc quy dinh frong hucmg
udc mdi khd dupc thyc tbi Chiing toi ciing
ghi nhgn dupc truomg hpp chinh quyen xa
roi vao tinh trgng khd xfi dfli vdi nhiing
trudr^ hpp vi pham quy udc Vi dy, dd la
trudng hpp dfi thi the ngudi chfit qui 48 gid
theo quy dinb vi ngudi din me tin, mufln
chpn gid tflt de phit tang
Dudi sy tic dflng cfta qui trinh hien dai
hda, mfli quan he gin kfit cflng ddng ling xa
da hi pha vd Difiu nay din tdi su gin bd
gifia cic thinh vien dfi cung nhau thyc hien
mflt dieu giao udc nao do khflng cdn nhu
xua Mpt cum dan cu cd sy da dgng vfi tpc
ngudi, vfi nghfi ngbiep, vfi thu nhip khd cd
the cung nhau xiy dyng va duy tri nen mflt
ban quy udc mang miu sic rieng
Quy udc ngay nay li sy thfi chfi hda hien
phip, pbip lugt ciia Nhi nudc ttong rapt
cpng dflng din cu cu the, thieu ving net dac
ttyng vin bda cua cflng dong Chiing tfli
cung nbln mgnh Ii, neu bien buong udc
thanh mflt thft cy thfi bda cbo phap Iuat thi
huong udc khd phit huy tic dung dfli vdi
cflng dflng NIU huong udc khflng cd tinh
ty quan thi khflng cdn duac gpi li hucmg
udc niia Neu cbi Ii sy cu the nhimg quy
dinh cua phip Iuat thi huang udc lgi mang
tinh phfl bifin ttong khi huang udc phai
mang tinh d$c thu cua cflng dflng Khflng tt
cic bang chiing thyc nghiem cho thiy,
nhih^ tuong tic xi hfli da dang dang dien ra
xung quanh vifc sogn thao vi thfi che hda
huang udc, quy udc tgi cac thfln xi hien nay
(3 Dik Lak - nei ma ty If ngudi dan bilt
ve ban huang udc thap nhat, hiu hfit can bp
chinh quyfin d p ca sd dfiu thfta nhgn, sy
ton tgi cua huang udc mdi hien nay phin
nhilu mang tinb hinh thu:c vi dupc xiy
dyng theo phong trao Die bifit, dfli vdi
ngudi dan tgc thieu sfl, nhu ngudi E E)fi,
ngudi M'nong, khai nifm hucmg udc hay
quy udc khi xa lg bdi sy hifn dien cua luit tuc trong cpng dflng cdn khi rfl
Du lifiu dinh tinh ttong nhimg chuyin fi difin da tgi tinh Dak Lik cho chftng tfli thiy kha nhieu ban quy udc thfln, bufln d nhimg viing dan tpc thieu sfl tai cho sinh sflng cd
sy giflng nhau ve npi dung vi ciing cd nhifiu difiu khoan ctia quy udc chua tung dupc thyc thi Hon nua, nhilu "cin bp tu phip vi chinh quyen co sd ciing thfta nhan ring, cd bifiu hien "hinh thuc, phong trio, lam cho cd" ttong qui trinh xiy dyng vi thyc hifn quy udc thon, bufln tten dia bin tinh Tuy nhien, tai tinh Dak Lak, quy udc cfta mpt sfl bufln ngudi E De da dupc sogn theo cich chfia dung cic yen tfl rieng bifit ciia cpng dflng vi cd ghi nhgn rang, quy udc di dupc vifin din kha hieu qua tiong cflng tic hda giii ca sd Trong khi khi nhieu ban quy udc kem bifu lyc thyc thi thi quy udc cfta mflt sfl bufln nguoi E De da dupc sfi dung bdi chinh quyfin dia phuang nhu mpt cflng
cu tham gia vao qui tiinh quin ly cpng dflng, ttong dd cic difiu khoin lugt tyc dupc xem la tich cyc dupc Iflng ghep vdi Iugt phip vi nbung difiu khoan ttong quy udc dupc dftng nhu nguon vifin dan chinh trong boat dflng cua tfl bda giai co sd
4 Khong gian phap lu^t trong xa bpi nong thon
4.1 Sir dfy nhgn pht^ lugt cda nguai ddn
Nguoi d ^ nhgn duac thflng tm vl phip Iuat tft nhilu ngufln khac nhau Trong dd, cac phuang tifin thflng tin dai chiing nhu tivi, bao, dai la ngufln thflng tin mi qua dd hiu bit ngudi dan d nong thfln nam dupc thflng tin vl phip luat (chilm 84,8%) Cic hinb thftc truyin thflng truyin thong nhu hpp thfln va thflng bao qua loa truyin thanh xa/thon ciing giup nhieu ngudi din cd duoc thong tm vl phap Iuat Viec tfl chfic cac bufli hop thfln cd long ghep vdi tuyfin truyin phap Iugt dang dupc xem Ii cd hieu
Trang 6qui khi raa cd tdi 66,3% ngudi d i n biet tdi
pbip' luit dya v i o ngufln nay Cd 54,9%
ngudi din bilt thflng tin phsqi Iuat tfi thflng
bio ciia loa truyfin thanh xa/thon Loa
truyin thanh xa/thon chinh la kfinh tbflng
tin ma chinh quyen dia phuang cap xa hoan
toin chu dflng lap ke hogch va thyc hifn
cflng tic tuyfin truyen p h i p luit
Nhu viy, mac du luit pbap dfin vdi
ngudi din tft ngufln thflng tin da dgng va
vdi nhfing hinh thftc phong phft nhung
nhilu can bp chinh quyen c i p x i nh$n dinh
ring, phip luit khflng chi khfl hieu dfli vdi
ngudi din m i khd hieu dfli vdi ngay ca can
bp, dgc biet d nhfing vftng cd ngudi dan
thifiu sfl sinh sflng
4.2 Nhgn dinh cua ngudi ddn vi mirc
dg tuan thu phdp iugt cua nhihig ngu&i
xung quanh
Phan ldn ngudi dan dflng y vdi nhiing
nhin djnh chung ring can bp chinh quyen
xa l i nhfing ngudi cd hifiu biet tdt vfi phip
lugt; la nhihig ngudi guang mau thyc bifin
phip lugt v i chinh sich ciia Ding v i Nha
nudc v i thin; tbi phap lugt dam bao cflng
bang, rainh bgch, cflng khai, it tfln kera
Khi nhin xet ve vipc lifiu nhiing ngudi
xung quanh (hp hang, bgn be, bang xdm)
cd tuin thft phap luit khong, 6 8 , 1 % ngudi
d i n nong thfln cho ring h l u hfit mpi ngudi
deu tuan tbu p h i p lugt; 25,2% nguoi d i n
nflng thfln cho rang cd nhifiu ngudi tuan
thft p h i p luit, 6,7% ngudi dan nflng thfln
cd y kifin khac
Cd su khac biet kbi nhgn xet ve vifc tuin
thu phap luit cfta nhung ngucri xung quanh
ciia ngudi tra Idi theo rapt sfl nhdm nhu kbu
vyc sflng, dan tflc va trinh dp hpc vin Gifia
ngudi Kinh va nguoi daii tflc khic thi nguoi
Kinh nhgn xet tich cyc ban vfi vific tuin thu
pbap lugt ciia nhiing ngudi xung quanh khi
72,1% ngudi Kinh cho rang h i u hfit mpi
ngudi deu tuin thu phap luat, ttong khi ty lfi
nay d ngudi d i n tpc khic la 64,9% Trong sfl ba nhdm trinh dp hpc v l n khac nbau thi nhdm khdng di hpc/tilu bpc cd nhgn xet khflng tich cyc b i n g hai nhdm hpc van cao hon (THCS v i THPT) N h i n xet cua ngudi din cho t h i y hifin tuong vi phgra phip lugt chi x i y ra d mpt sfl nguoi nhit dinh nio dd, cdn da sd ngudi dan dfiu tuan thu phap luit Khi dupe hdi v l nhiing ly do khien cho vifc
ap dyng phap luit tai dia phuong g i p khd khin, cd thfi thay hai ly do cd ty Ifi ngudi tii ldi lya chpn cao nhat l i : do ngudi din it hilu biet ve luit phap (49,6%) va do ngudi
d i n thich giii quyfit b i n g tinh ban l i ly (33,3%) Ly do c i n bp xft kbflng cflng bang nhgn dupc cd ty Ie lya chpn la 13,1%, Iy do cic van b i n luat kbflng phft hop voi thyc tien dia phuang cd ty If l i 8,0%, cdn cic ly
do khac cd ty le 10,7% 15,6% ngudi tii ldi khflng bifit/khflng quan tam den van de nay Nhin chung, theo ngudi dan nflng thon trong cupe k h i o s i t n i y tbi ttd ngai chft yeu trong vific i p dyng p b i p lugt tgi dia phuang la t u phia ngudi dan chu khflng phii do v i n b i n p b i p luit hay do ngudi thyc thi p h i p luit
4,3 Xu hu&ng lifa chpn lugt phdp cua ngudi dan
Ty If cac hp gia dmh cd khilu kien chilm 14% trong sfl 1.000 bp dupc khio sit Trong trudng bop nay, xu hudng chung
la cic hfl gia dinh di tim kilra sy giftp dd tft ben ngoai Sfl bfl ty giai quylt, khflng nhd
ai khi cd khilu kifin chi l i 4,9% Tuong ty nhu khi gap xich mich va m i u thuin, ttanh chap, chinh quyen xa/thfln/lp van la noi raa
da sfl hp gia dinb tira d i n d l giai quyfit khifiu kifin Ty If hp nhd chinh quyln xa/tiifln/lp giai quylt khilu kien dat ty lfi cao nhit l i 81,3%
Cac nhdm, tfl chuc khac cd ty If h$ gia dinh tiin d i n de dupc giftp dd dgt ty If thip hon nhieu so vdi nhd chmh quyln x§/thfln/lp
Trang 7Tuy nhifin, cd tbfi thiy vai ttd cfta cin bp
tu pbip d diy ndi bat hem, cy the, cd 9,8%
hp gia dinh nhd cin bfl tu phap dfi giii
quyet khifiu kifn Mflt sfl hfl gia dinb cung
tim din tfl chftc Ding d xa/thon/ip va td
hda giii (ty lfi Iin lupt la 4,1% va 3,3%)
Dac bifit, khflng cd hp gia dmh nao nhd
din tfl chftc doan the, gia dtnh, hp hang va
ban be dfi dupc giup da trong trudng hop
cd khilu kifin
Nhu vgy, vai ttd ctia can bfl tu phip thfi
hifin khi rfl trong viec giii quylt cic vu khifiu
kifin hogc lien quan den thu tuc giay td
4.4 Vai trd cua to hda gidi ca s&
Trong tong so 1.000 ngudi dupc khao
sit, 32,3% nguoi tri ldi cho ring gia dmh
hp cd gip chuyen xich mich Trong lin xich
mich gin day nhit, (51,7%) hp gia dinh ty
giai quyfit, khflng nhd ai Nhfing hp gia
dmh thn sy giup da de giii quyet xich mich
thi chifim ty lfi cao nhat li nhd cbinb quyen
x3/thfln/ip (chilm 35,6%) Tilp dfin, chilm
ty If thfi hai va thft ba la nhd tfl hda giai
(16,4%) va nhd gia dinh, hp hing (14,2%)
Cic nhdm, td chfic khic nhu cin bp tu
phip, tfl chuc dang d xi/thfln/ap, tfl chftc
doan tbfi vi bgn be khflng phii la nbdm, tfl
chftc ma da sfl cic hp gia dinh tira den nhd
sy tip giup khi hp gap chuyen xich mich
Tuy nhifin, khi gia dinh cd miu thuan,
tt-anh chip (17,8% hp gia dinb ggp pbii
chuyen nay) thi cd 8,4% la ty giii quyet,
khflng nhd ai Trong khi do, ty If bp gia
dinh nhd sy giup da cua chinb quyfin
xa/thfln/ip dl giai quylt tranh chip la
79,8%; tiep dd la nhd sy giup dd ciia tfl
hda giai Ii (12,4%) Cic nhom, tfl chtic
khic it khi duac cac hfl gia dinh tim dfin
nhd giup dd khi gia dinh hp cd mau thuan,
franh chap
Dinh gii vfi cac to chftc/ca nhan (tfl hda
giai, doan the chinh tri xi hfli) thyc hifn viec
hfla giai d dja phucmg, 78,2% ngudi tra ldi
cho ring hifiu qui, 7,8% ngudi tra ldi cho rang hieu qua nbung it, cbi cd 1,9% ngudi tri ldi danh gii la khflng cd hieu qua Con lgi
cd 12,1% nguoi tri ldi kbflng bilt/khflng quan tim den hogt dpng ciia tfl hda giai nfin khflng dua ra duoc y kiln dinh gii
Sy lya chpn niy cd thl dupc ly giai theo tiep cin nhan hpc ring, ttong nhfing xa bfli
cd rafli quan be xa bfli chat che va fln djnb liu dii thi nguoi ta thuong dung co chl hda giii frong giii quyfit xung dpt Cdn trong nhiing xi hpi cd mfli quan hf ldng lfio va khflng liu dii thi nguoi ta thudng giai quylt xung dot thdng qua phan quylt
5 Ket luan
Sy khic biet ve cac dgc difim nhan khau hpc, d^c difim xi hfli cfta ngudi dan ciing nbu khic biet vung mifin la nhiing ylu tl dan tdi sy khic bift ve muc dp ngudi dan d vftng nflng thon tham gia ban bac vi giam sat ve nhiing van dfi d dia phuong hien nay Nfiu nhu vio nhiing nam 2000 - 2010, nhifiu huong udc duac cho li xiy dung ty phit, mdi noi rapt kifiu, chua dyng cac difiu khoan khflng dftng tinh thin phip Iuat, khflng thupc thSm quyfin, can thifp qui siu vao doi sflng ci nhin, tham chi vi pham cac chuin myc dao dftc, cic co quan quin ly nha nudc da cd nhfing vin ban cbi dgo buong dan va giam sat vifc ban hanh huong udc thi hifn nay, huong udc hay quy udc thfln/bufln d cic dja phucmg lgi thudng dupc soan tbeo raau vi ban hinh mang tinh hinh thfic Sy khic bift giua cic cum dan
cu cbua dupc thl hifin frong suflt qua trinh xay dyng, ban banh vi thyc tbi huong udc Mac du dudi cai nhin cua ngudi dan, sy tfln tai cfta huong udc thl hifn nguyfn vpng cua ngudi dan vfi vific thyc hifin, bao vfi cic lpi ich chinh ding, nhung hifu Iuc thyc tfi cfta huong udc ttong difiu tiet xa hfli hifin nay d n dupc xem xet thiu dao hon trong boi canh bin bet ling, khfli phfl, cym dan
Trang 8cu dupc bio cio la da xay dung huang udc
va tiifin kbai thyc hien
Ve van de thiet lip cic difiu kien thuan
lpi dfi ngudi dan tifip can, sft dung pbap lugt
nhim thuc thi quyen, nghia vy ciia minh
cung nhu bio vf cic quyen vi lpi ich hpp
phip, tham gia quin ly nha nudc, quan Iy
xa hfli, can chu y toi sy khac biet vung mien
ciing nhu cac dgc diem xa hfli cfta ngudi
dan Vai ttd cua hda giii cip ca sd vi tieng
noi cfta nhirng ngudi cd uy tin frong cflng
dflng hifn dang the hien nhu yeu tfl tich cyc
frong tuong quan mdi quan he phip.luit vi
huong udc Vipc tao ra nhung ca hOi dl cd
them sy tucmg tic, bfl trp giua hf thflng
phap Iuat va huong udc nen dupc chu y
Tuy nhifin, buong udc phii dupc hinh thinh
nhu li san phim cua chinh cflng ding cu
dan, tft nbu ciu quin ly xi hfli, li nhu d u
ciia ngudi dan tren tinh thin ty nguyen,
thda thuan cfta nguoi din vi gin liln vdi
dgc difim cua timg thon lang
Nen xem xet vific cd cin thifit xiy dyng
huong udc d nhfing cym din cu cd sy da
dgng vfi tflc ngudi, vfi nghi nghifp, vl thu
nhgp, noi rai cic thinh vifin cpng ding khd
cd thfi cung nhau -xay dyng nen mpt bin
quy udc raang mau sac rifing Vin dl niy
cung nfin dupc xem xet d nhiing vung dan
tpc thifiu sfl mi luit tuc cdn hien difn khi
ro va dang cd hifiu lyc thyc tl ttong quan ly
cpng dflng
Nhihig no Iyc cfta Nhi nudc thfta nhin
bang cich "chinb thftc hda" huong udc hay
luat tyc thflng qua mfl hinh xiy dyng huong
udc, qui udc Ii khflng thfi phft nhin Thyc
tl, huong udc, quy udc dang duoc chinh
quyen vi ngudi din dia phuang xem nhu
mpt cdng cy tbam gia vao qui trinh quan tri
cdng ddng Vi viy, huong udc, quy udc ben
cgnh vifc nen dupc cgp nhit vdi tinh hinh
thyc te tgi cpng dflng thi can nhin difn co
chl dich thyc, con ngudi cy thl tft cdng
dflng ddng vai frd chu chflt dl duy fri tgp tyc, quan tri cpng dflng ciing nhu hda giai cic vudng raic
Tai lieu tham khao
1 BO Tu phdp - Bp Vdn hfia - Thflng tin - Uy
ban TWMTTQ Viet Nam (2000), Thdng tu liin tfch hudng ddn viic xdy dgng vd thifC hiin huang udc quy udc cda ldng, bdn, thdn, dp, cgm ddn cu
2 Thomas Barfield (1999), The Dictionary of Anthropology, Blackwell Publishers
3 Biii Quang Diing (2013), "Huomg ufic vd may van de qudn ly xa hpi nfing thfin hifn nay", Tgp chi
Xd hgi hgc, s6 1
4 Ninh Vifit Giao (2000), "Tir huong ufic d^n
Quy ufic trong xd h^i ngdy nay", Lugt tuc vd phdt trien nong thdn hiin ngy a Viet Nam, Nxb Chinh trj
qufic gia, Hd Npi
5 Dinh Gia Khanh (1995X Vdn hoa ddn gian Viit Nam vdi sif phdt trim cda xd hoi Vigt Nam, Nxb Chinh
trj qufic gia Ha Npi
6 Kim Long (2015), "Phdt huy ddn chu trong sogn thao qi^ ufic, huong ufic", http://nguoicaotuoi.org.vn, truy cap ngdy 28/2/2015
7 T'^Wi\xQmxigi^titn),Xd hdi hgc phdp quyin,
Tdi lifu ddnh cho hpc vien cao hpc, Tmfing Dgi hpc Khoa hpc xd hpi vd nhdn vdn Tp Hfl Chl Mmh
8 Bui Hing Quy (2012), Lugt tytcvd dnh hudng cda lugl tyc trong thuc hiin phdp lugt cua ddng bdo ddn tgc M'nong d Tdy Nguyen (qua khdo ciru tgi tinh Ddk Ldk vd tinh Ddk Nong), Lugn vdn thgc sT
lu^t hpc, Hpc vifn Chinh frj qu6c gia Hfi Chl Minh, HdNpi
9 Ddo Tri Oc, Phgm Hihi Nghj (1993), "Quy ufic Idng, mpt yeu tfi quan frpng frong hf thong cdc quy tdc dieu chinh cdc quan hf xd hpi fi nflng thfln",
X^ dung quy udc ldng vdn hda a Hd Bdc, Sfi Vdn
hfia thfing tin vd Thl thao Hd Bdc
10 Uy ban nhdn ddn xd Ea Blang (2003), Quy u&c budn Tring
11 (2015), Ldi gidi thiiu Tuyin lgp Huang udc tvc a Thdng Long Hd Ngi www.nxbhanoi.com.vn
Truy cdp ngdy 28/2/2015