I.DATVANDE Chi sd phit trign con ngudi Human Development Index - HDI dinh Iupng nhiing khia cgnh ca bin eua nang lyc con ngudi vg thu nhap, tri thiic va tudi tiip Viec chuin hda gia tri
Trang 1THlTC T R A N G C H I SO TUOl T H O T R O N G HDI TINH THAI NGUYEN
GIAI DOAN 1999 - 2009
Vii Van Anh' Abstract
Actual situations life expectancy index in the HDI index of Thai Nguyen period 1999-2009
In the period 1999-2009 the average life expectancy of male and female life expectancy and the index
of Thai Nguyen has increased and in 2009 was higher than the national average Regarding growth, the life expectancy of men increased more quickly than women, although the absolute life of women is higher Regarding the growth rate is the fastest and Vo Chew Pho Yen district Thai Nguyen city within; life expectancy index in HDI in Vietnam in general and Thai Nguyen in particular may continue lo rise further, the problem is that we must maintain the equivalent of sustainable development and economic maintenance
of social policy, education positively
I.DATVANDE
Chi sd phit trign con ngudi (Human Development Index - HDI) dinh Iupng nhiing khia cgnh ca bin eua nang lyc con ngudi vg thu nhap, tri thiic va tudi tiip Viec chuin hda gia tri chi sd HDI tii 0 (tiiip nhat) dgn 1,0 (cao nhit) cho phep moi nude, moi dia phuong tiiiy dupe khoang each ma nunh dgt dupc tien con dudng tiin din gia tn Iy tudng Chi sd tudi tho trong chi sd phat trien con ngudi (Human Development Index - HDI) dmh Iupng nhirog khia canh CP bin ciia nang lyc con ngudi ve siic khde Phan diu nang cao chi sd HDI ndi chung va chi sd mdi thp trong HDI n6i rieng li mdt trong nhiing nhiem vy quan tipng ciia nhieu qudc gia, dia phuang trong do cd Thai Nguygn
Viec so sinh, phan tieh thyc trang chi sd tudi thp tipng HDI tmh Thii Nguyen se la can cii khpa hpc quan tipng de danh gia chat lupng cupc sdng ngudi dan va la co sd de tinh toin cic chi sd thinh phan khic eiia HDI, la cin cir de dua ra cic giai p h ^ nang cao chi sd HDI ndi rieng va nang cao chat lupng cupc sdng cho ngudi dan tinh Thii Nguygn
2 THT/C TRANG CHl SO TUOI THO TRONG HDI TINH THAI NGUYEN GIAI DOAN
1999 - 2009
2.1 Chi sd tuoi thp trong HDI va cac yeu to cau thinh
Bat dau tir nam 1960, de danh gia su tien bd ciia mdt dat nude, ngudi ta thudng dimg chi tieu GDP va GNP Tuy nhign, chi tigu niy chua that bain hio, chua ngu diy dii sy tien bp ciia cac qudc gia tiang sy phit trien toin di?n ddi vdi con ngudi; nen tir nam 1990, ngudi ta da dua ra phuang ph^ dinh gii mdi sy phat triin tien bp cua mpt qudc gia bing chi tieu phit triin con ngudi HDI Day la mdt chi tieu tdng hpp do Mahbuh ub Hag dua ra Chi sd phit triin con ngudi la trung binh cpng eiia cic chi so moi thp, trinh dp giao dye va thu n h ^ Trong do chi sd tuoi thp dupc do bing: Tuoi thp tmng binh (eO): Tudi thp trung binh (cdn gpi la triin vpng sdng tiung binh khi sinh) chinh
la so nam binh quan ma moi tre em khi mdi sinh cd the sdng dupc trong sudt cudc ddi Tudi thp Arpc tinh thdng qua bang sdng, bang nay dupc dung de md phdng miic chit tiong sudt eupc ddi cua mdt dan sd
HDI ndi chung va chi sd tudi thp trong HDI ndt rigng li mdt chi tieu bd sung them cho GNP, GDP trong vi$c do ludng su tien bp kinh t e - x a hdi ciia cic qudc gia Tuy cdn cd y kien khic nhau
ve chi so niy, nhu chua the hi^n dupc su an ninh cua xa hdi, cac te ngn xa hpi , nhung co the noi HDT^ehd ph^ffidi'Bgtrdi cd thi dinh gii qui trinh phat triin cua dat nude theo thdi gian va xac djnh cac uu tien trong can thiep chinh sich cua moi nude, ddng thdi chi sd nay ciing diing di so sanh giua cac qudc gia vdi nhau tren nhiing khia canh Idn Vdi chi sd HDI, da dua ra mdt don vi do ludng tiidng nhat cho cac myc tieu kinh t i - xa hpi can dgt dupc HDI da thiit lap mdt gidi hgn can tren va cgn dudi cha timg khia cgnh va chi ra vj tri hien tai cua timg qudc gia trong cac gidi han do, dupc the hien bang mdt con sd, tiong khoing 0 den 1
.^Trudatg Dgi hoc SV pham - DH Thdi Nguyen
Trang 2dicm vc trinh dp hieu biit ciia mot qudc gia cd ty Ic biit chii Ii 75% sc la 0,75 • 2.2 Thuc trang chi s6 tu6i thp trong HDI tinh Thai Nguyen
Tudi tiio binh quan nam 2009 tinh Thai Nguyen la 73,3 Kit qua tir TDTDS 2009 cho th
tudi tho binh quan ciia nam thap hem ciia nii Dieu nay diing vdi thuc te Thai Nguyen noi rieng
VietNamndichung vad da sd xahdi, miic tii vong ciia nam thudng cao lion ciia nii'd tit ci cac d5^
tudi vi do dd tudi tho binh quan ciia nam thudng t h ^ ban tuoi thp binh quan cua nu' Can cuvao
cac ngudn sd lieu tdng dieu tra dan sd v i nha d 1999 va 2009, tinh dupc kit qui chi sd tuoi thij
Bing 2.1- Chi so tuoi thp trong HDI Unh Thai Nguyen
giai dogn 1999-2009
Chi s6 tuoi thp ''^^
trong HDI cua tinh Tliai Nguyen va cac
huyen nhu sau
Trong giai dogn 1999-2009 tudi
tho tmng binh ciia nam, nu va chi sd
tudi thp ciia Thai NgU3'cn diu tang va
nam 2009 da cao hon mire tmng binh ca
nude Ve tdc dd tang thi tuoi thp ciia
nam gidi tang nhanh ban so vdi nir gidi
mac dii vi tuygt ddi thi tuoi tho cua nir
van cao ban Ve tdc dp tang thi nhanh
nhat Ii huyen Phd Yen vi Vd Nhai,
chgm nhat la TP Thai Nguyen,
Nguygn nhan la do mgng ludi y ti
phit tnen cdng vdi dieu kien song nang
cao vi mdi tmdng trong sach Iam giim , , ^ ^ _ _
di cac dich benh, nang cao tiidi tiip cho ^^<^"" ^'"'^ '"'*" '''^^ ^^ ^'^« ^^^-051999.20
ngudi dan Tdc dp tang chgm d TP Thai Nguyen mdt phan la do su d nhiem mdi tmdng cua m^t
thanh phd cdng nghiep, sy qua tai ve dan so va d nhiem khdng khi lim gia tang cic can bgnh ve
dudng hd hip, tim mgch, anh hudng xiu din siic khde v i tudi thp con ngudi Do vay mgc du b
thanh pho tap tnmg rat nhieu ca sd khim chii bpnh cua nha nude va tu nhan nhimg cung khong lam
tuoi tho tang cao
Ve khdng gian, tudi tho va chi sd radi thp ciing cd sy phan hda thinh 3 nhdm theo thir hi xep
hgng tir cao din thip ciia cae huygn trong tinh Rieng vdi chi sd niy sy chgnh lech ve thir hang giua
cac nhdm la khdng ding ke, hiu nhu vj tri cac huygn tiong cic nhdm xip hgng diu dupc giu
nguyen, chi rigng cd huygn Phd Ygn tu vj tri sd 3 lgn vj tri sd 1 nam 2009 nhung van nim tiong
nhdm 3 huyen cd chi sd tuoi thp cao nhit nen khdng thay ddi ve thir hang mi ehi tiiay ddi vi vj tri
tuyet ddi
Chi sd tuoi thp cd sy phan hda giua cic dja phuong trong tinh, cy thi:
Bdng 2.2: Suphdn hda chi sd tudi thg tinh Thdi Nguyin giai dogn 1999-2009
Miic cao: > 0,820
Miic TB'0,760-0,819
Mire tii^- 0,730 - 0,759
Muc rat thap: < 0,730
Nam 1999
Thinh phd Thii Nguygn, Sdng Cdng, Phd Yen
Phu Luong, Dong Hy, Dgi Tir, Vd Nhai
Phu Binh, Djnh Hoa
Nim 2009 Thanh phd Thii Nguyen, Song Cong, Phd ygn
Vo Nhai, Djnh Hoa, Phii Luang, Dgi Tu, Ddng HJ
PhiiBtiih
Ngudn: Tdc gid tdng hgp
Trang 3Nhu vay su phan hda chi sd tudi tho cd thay ddi Nam 1999 tren dja ban tinh Thai Nguyen dgt kit qua ve y te d miic tmng binh, thap va rat t h ^ D e n 2009 da cd sy thay ddi the hicn qua su phan hda tren dja ban tinh chii yeu l i cac huygn cd chi sd tudi tho d miic cao va TB, 1 huypn d mire
t h ^ vi khdng cd huyen nio xip d miic rat thap
Phan Idn cic huyen dgt thanh tuu v i ting lgn ve thir bgc nhu TPTN, Sdng Cdng, Phd Yen vupt tir miic chi sd tudi thp tir TB Ien miic cao Cac huyen cdn lai deu tang mot bac vi xip hang tudi thp, khdng cdn huyen nao rai vao miic rat thap
Nguygn nhan do su phat trien kmh t e - x a hdi da cd nhiing tien bd, cdng tac y ti chim sdc bao ve siic khoe cho ngudi dan dupc tang cudng da tiing budc ban chi duac mdt sd benh djch Mgng ludi y te nhan dan, nhat l i tuyen y tg xa dupc md rdng, ddi ngii can bp y te ngiy cing duac tang cudng vi phit tnen d vimg ddng bao cac dan tdc thiiu sd tgi mien mii Thai Nguyen, Mgc dii hign nay cdn rat nhieu xa chua ed bic si, nhung ndi ehung mang ludi y ti da phan bd kha rdng d cac dia phuang
Nhiing phong tuc, tap quan lac hgu tdn tai tiong ddng bio cic dan tdc thigu sd d cic huyen mien mii TTiai Nguygn nhu Djnh Hda, Vo Nhai la nguygn nhan quan trong phat sinh benh tat, inh
hudng den siic khoe va tudi thp cua ngudi dan Hign nay, van cdn thiy nhieu ^ tuc lac hgu, khong
hpp vg sinh vin dupc phan Idn dan cu duy tri Ching hgn, benh dudng mpt chiim ty le cao trong dan cu Ii do thdi quen an bdc, an thjt di, an tii Hay nhu sd tie em dudi 5 tudi chit do udn van so sinh cd lien quan tdi tinh hinh sinh de la tir 80% din 90% tradng hpp smh de do my vudn dd, cit ldn bing tre nira, dao, liem, de d rimg, de dudi gim nha,
Ngoii ra, tudi thp thip lien quan den nhiing dieu kipn ty nhien nhu dia hinh phiic tgp, khi hau khac nghiet, dieu kien ca sd hg tang, dudng giao thdng, thdng tin Hgn Ige rat yeu kem, co sd vat chit, thiet bj cho cac boat ddng y te Igc hau do thiiu diu tu hogc dau ra thigu ddng bp; ngudn nhan lyc y ti thiiu va yeu; ngudi dan cdn thieu hieu biet va y Igi
Rigng huyen Phii Binh nam 2009 van nam trong nhdm cd chi sd tuoi thp thap do su phit trien kinh te ehua hieu qua, phin Idn ngudi dan lim thuan nong, chm inh hudng cua nhung tap quin cua ngudi ndng dan tiong Iao ddng ndng nghiep, it eoi trpng cac djch vy ve sire khde Mat khac day ciing la huyen dang bj d nhiem mdi tradng ngng ne do nhieu du in khai thac phat tnen kinh te dgc biet la su d nhiem cua sdng Ciu gay ra anh hudng khdng nhd din siic khde va tudi thg ngudi dan
2.3 Phmmg hudtig, quan diem va cic giai phap ning cao chi so tuoi tho trong HDI tinh Thii NguySn
De nang cao chi so raoi thp trong HDI ndi rigng va chi so HDI ndi chung can coi trong quan diem chu yeu sau:
- Dong thdi vdi vipc phat triin nhanh, mgnh vung chic nin kinh ti; quan Iy tdt tiin tp, gia ci, lam tdt cdng tic dan sd, gdp phin ting sire mua tuang duang binh quan diu ngudi can phii phat trien mgnh me, vung chac van hoa - giio dye, y te, trgt tu an toin xa hdi de gdp phin tang tudi thp, tang ty le ngudi biet chii, ngudi di hpc
- Phat trien mgnh kinh ti, vin hoi, giio dye, y ti tren pham vi ca nude, song cin dgc biet chii y tdi cic dan tpc, cic vung, miin khd khin, nhit la cac dia phuong cd chi sd HDI hipn nay
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Kit hpp chgt che cac bi?n phip hinh chinh, kirdi ti, giao dye cua nhi nude, vdi cic bien phip dpng vien, vgn ddng ciia cic to chiic kinh te - xa hdi v i khuyen khich tinh tu giic, tu nguyen cia quang dai quan chiing nhan dan nhim nang cao cac yeu td ciu thanh chi sd HDI, nhit Ii cic yiu td ve dan so, giio dye, thyc hipn vp sinh, phdng b$nh
Cic bipn p h ^ de nang cao chi sd phit triin ngudi ndi chung va chi sd tuoi thp ndi rigng cin dong bd, & dgng, cd the t ^ trang d ba nhdm bi$n phap sau day:
Trang 4Mot la khai thac tnet dc cac tpi the ciia Viet Nam dc phat trien kmh tc vdi tdc dp caovj viing chic - nhan td quyet dinh nang cao GDP, GNP Ddng thdi can cai tien cdng tic quan ly kiij|
tc, nhit la quan ly gia ca, ticn tc , nhim nang cao siic mua tuang duang
Hai Ii: nang cao chat luong cdng tic y te, cham sdc sire khoe ctia nhan dan, day manh dich
vu y tc nude sach, ve sinh mdi tmdng nen tat ca cac dia bin, khong che cac bpnh dicli, ciing cac bicn phip khac nhim gdp phan nang cao tudi thp ciia Vipt Nam
Ba la: day mgnh cdng tac bd tuc van hoi, giao due pho thdng trong ca nude, dae bigt la cac viuig hai dao viing cao viing ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd, viing ndng thdn: nang cao chit lupng cac tm'dng dan tdc ndi tni, giiip dd hoc sinh ngheo trong hoc tap, md rdng quy md ciing vdi nang cao chit luong giang day dai hoc, cao dang, tmng hpc chuyen nghiep va dgy nghe nham nang caotv
Ic ngudi biit chir vi ty Ie di hoc ciia cac cap, hgn che ty 16 bd hpc
Bon la- cung cap kip thdi thdng tin phan inh su tiin bd nhanh cua dit nude trong khi tinh toin chi sd giao dye trong HDI nham tranh sii dyng ket qui ciia nhiing cudc dieu tra trade KET LUAN
Nhin tdng quan thi gia tri chi sd HDI vi chi sd tudi tho trong HDI tinh Thai Nguyen giai doan 1999-2009 dang trong xu the tang dan Trong cic chi sd thanh phin ciia HDI thi chi sd tuoi tho duoc xep hgng cao trong ca nude, duac coi nhu ddn ba>' cho hai chi sd cdn Igi, Thii Nguyen ndi rieng va Vict Nam ndi chung duoc dgi dien cho nhdm nude dang phat trien cd chi sd HDI tang nhanh vi da cii thien dupc thii bic xep hang tren the gidi Dieu dd chiing td con ngudi ngay cang dupc dau tu' va chii trpng han, va la nhan td quyit dinh cho su phit trien KT - XH ciia nude ta trong thdi ky hpi nhgp vi phit trien Chi sd HDI vi ehi sd tudi thp tiong HDI ciia Viet Nam noi chung vi Thii Nguyen ndi rieng cd the tiep tuc tang cao ban niia vin di la chung ta phai duy tri duoc su tuong iing trong phat trign ben viing ve kinh te va duy tri nhirng ehinh sach xa hpi, giao due tich cue
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
1 Dgng Qudc Bip, Tmang Thj Thuy Hing, Dang Thj Thanh Huyen, (2008), Nghien cau chi sdphdt tnin con ngudi (HDI) cua Viit Nam, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia H i Ndi
2 UNDP: Bao cio phat tnen cpn ngudi (HDR) nam 1999-2009
3 Tmng tam khoa hoc xa hpi va nhan van qudc gia: Phdt trien con nguoi tu quan niem chiin luac vd hdnh dpng Nxb Chinh tn qudc gia H i Ndi, 1999
4 Pham Thanh Nghi (2009), Bao cio tdng hop de tii cip Bd: "Nhimg vdn di cabdn viphdl tnin con ngirdi d viing Tdy Bdc" Vien nghien ciiu con ngudi
5 Trinh Thi Kim Ngpc, (2009), Bio cio tdng hpp de tai cip Bd: "Ca sd lp ludn vd thuc tih
vi viic su dung chi sd phdt tnin con ngudi (HDI) ti-ong phdn bd ngdn sdch vi muc tieu phdt triin con ngudi" Vien nghien ciiu con ngudi
6 Tdng cue Thdng ke: Nien gidm Thdng ki (2001 - 2009), Nxb Thdng ke, H i Ndi 2009