Qui trinfa do tfai hda dgt ra yeu cau trudc tien l i phii chuyin dich co ciu sir dyng dit tir ndng nghigp sang phi ndng nghigp Chinli vi vay, ngudi chiu inh faudng tryc tilp ngay tir gia
Trang 1DANH GIA ANH HtTONG CUA C O N G T A C THU H O I DAT N 6 N G N G H I E P
DEN SINH KE CUA NGlTOI N O N G DAN T A I DlT AN XAY DlfNG K H U
D O T H I M d i QUAN H A I AN, THANH P H O HAI P H O N G
Nguyen Thi Ha Thanfa\Nguyen Thi Thuan An^
Abstract
Sustaining livelihood of peasants after recovering agricultural land for urbanization in I 'letnam is not
the easy problem to solve
In 2008, the Project of building new urban zone in Hai An district Hai Phong city, which was one
of the most important projects to improve urban infrastructure of Hai An district, was implemented To set up
the project, it was needed 43.489m2 land area of Dang Hai precinct, of which 40.128m2 was agnculhtral
land, belonged to 106 farming households By conducting the social interview of these 106 households, the
author will clarify the following results in this report: thanks to the project, 106 farming households have
had opportunity to engage in non-agricultural sector, to improve their income, and attained large quantity of
money (compensation money for the recovered land) However, these households have also faced difficulties
in searching new jobs in non-agricultural sector without effective help Jrom the project or the local
government and in effectively using ihe compensation money
In conclusion, after being recovered agncutural land, financial and physical assets of the farming
households have been increased, but temporarily: while natural assets have been attenuated, and human
assets have been restrained by limited education levels and over-labor ages
1 MQDAU
Tir sau thdi ky Doi mdi nam 1986, qui trinh pfaat trien dd tlii d Viet Nam dugc "md ciia",
khdng cdn cfaiu sy kim nen "dd thi hda" nhu trudc Kit qui ciia nd la sy gia tang nhanh chong ve
mat so lupng lin quy md dd thi ciia cac do thi d Viet Nam Vdi toe dp dd tiii hda 3,5% trong giai
dogn I990-20I0 (UN, 2009), so do tin d Vigt Nam tang tir 520 do tiii nim 1990 (vdi ty le din cu do
till vio khoing 17-18%)) lgn din 753 do thi vao nam 2009 (vdi quy md dan s6 dd thi vao khoing
29,6% tong dan so) [1] Con so niy dugc dy bio van cdn tiep tyc tang trong nhiing nam tdi
Qui trinfa do tfai hda dgt ra yeu cau trudc tien l i phii chuyin dich co ciu sir dyng dit tir ndng
nghigp sang phi ndng nghigp Chinli vi vay, ngudi chiu inh faudng tryc tilp ngay tir giai dogn dau
tign ciia qui trinh dd thi fada ehinfa la nhiing ngudi ndng dan cd dit bi thu hoi.Tren tfayc tl, tiong
sudt qua trinh do thi hda nhanh d Viet Nam, nhung van de ma ngudi ndng dan bi thu hdi dit gap
phii van cii ton tgi y nguyen nhu luc ban diu, bao gom nhung bat cap trong chuyin ddi vigc lam
sau tiiu hoi dat ndng nghigp, vigc su dyng tien den bii khdng diing eich dan din nhanh ehdng tai
ngheo, that ngfaigp, v i gia tang tg nan xa hpi [2, 3, 4, 5]
Tir nam 2003 din nay, rieng thanh pho Hii Phdng da tiiuc hien kilm kg, lap phuang in boi
tiiudng, ho tro va tai dinh cu cho 625 dy in vdi ton^g di^n tich 4.675 ha, tdng so hp 64.037 hp, so
nhan khau 253.012 nhan kfaau[6] Va cung khdng nim ngoii hoan cinh chung ciia ca nude, ngudi
ndng dan^Hai Phdng cung ggp rat nhilu khd khan trong viec on dinh cugc sdng cua minh sau khi bi
thu hoi dat ndng nghigp
Bio cio niy^dugc thyc hign vdi myc tieu danh gii su thay doi sinh kl cua ngudi ndng dan,
gidi han d cic nguon vdn ty nhign, nguon vin eon ngudi, vat chit vatai ehinfasau qua trinh chuyin
Phdng ^
2 KHAi NIEM SINH KE
Sinfa ke dugc dinh nghTa ngin gpn nhu sau:
Smh ke bao gom kha n ^ g , nguon von (bao gom ca nguon tai nguyen hiiu hinfa v i tii nguyen
xa fapi) va nhung hogt ddng can tiiilt cua con ngudi dl sinh song Sinh ke bin viing khi nd cd tiie
'Khoa Dia lp, Trudng Dgi hoc Khoa hgc Tu nhiin Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Ndi
Phdng Tdi nguyin vd Mdi trudng, UBND qupn Hdi An, thdnh phd Hdi Phdng_
Trang 2giai quyet hogc vugt qua nhiing khung hoing, cii sdc v i duy tri hoac nang cao khi nang vi ngudn von ci d thdi diem hien tgi vi trong tucmg Iai, trong khi khdng Iam xdi mdn nguon tii nguyen ty nhien (Chambers & Conway, I99I)
Smh kl dugc tgo ra trong boi cinh xa hdi, kinh t l va chinh tri Cac the cfal, qui trinh v i chmh sicfa nfau chmh sach sii dyng dit, anh hudng den kha nang tilp can va su dyng eie nguon von Nhirng boi canh nay thay ddi tfai se tgo ra nhung kfad kfaan va tfaugn lgi mdi doi vdi sinh kl, Mdt cich khac de hieu nguon von ciia con ngudi de tgo ra sinh ke la nhdm chiing vio 5 nhdm dudi day: von con ngudi, vdn xa hdi, vdn ty nhien, vdn vat chit, vdn tai chinh
Bdng 1 Ndm nguon vdn phuc vu sinh ki
Von con ngirdi
Von xi hgi
vin ty nhien
Von vit chat
Von tii chinh
Ky nang, kiln thuc, site khoe va khi nang lam vigc Tinh lang nghia xom, cac phong tyc tmyin thing, cic to cbiic doan the, ca hgi tham
gia vio cac ca quan to chiic d dia phuong Dit dai, nude, rimg vi cac loai sinh vgt kliac
Co sd hg tang ca bin nhu dudng si, he thong nude sinh hogt, dieu kign vg sinh, tnr6ng hpc, trgm xi, hing hoa sin xuat bao gom cong cu, trang thiet bi vi gia sue gia cam Tiln tilt kigm, thu nhgp tii lim viec, buon bin vi tien giii ngan hang
(Ngudn: UNDP IBP, 2010)
3 T 6 N G QUAN VE DU" AN XAY DUNG KHU DO THI M Q I QUAN H A I AN, T H A N H PHOHAIPHQNG
3.1 Vi tri, d^c dilm, p nghia cua dy an
Qugn Hii An, thanh pho Hai Pfadng l i mot quan mdi duoc tfaanh lip nam 2003, tren co sd ticfa mpt phan dia gidi hinfa cfainh ciia fauygn Hai An cii {nay la huygn An Duang) vi phudng Cat
Bi ciia qugn Ngd Quyin, gom 8 don vi hinh chinh cip phudng; Dang Lim, Ding Hai, Dong Hii I, Dong Hii 2, Trang Cat, Nam Hii, Thinh Td va Cat Bi Do la mot qugn mdi thanh lip nen Hai An
CO quy dat ndng nghigp edn tuong doi Idn, nhieu dy an xay dyng kfau dd tfai, khu cdng nghigp dugc tgp tnmg trien kfaai trgn dia ban de phyc vu cho nhu cau phat trien thanfa pho Hai Phdng ndi ehung
vi qugn Hii An ndi neng
Dy in xiy dyng Khu do thi mdi tgi quin Hii An do Cdng ty Co phin Diu tu xay dyng va Pfaat triln nfaa lim chii day tu la mdt trong nhiing dy in trpng dilm nhim phat trien ca sd ha ting
do tfai ciia qugn Hii An Theo qui hogcfa cfai tiet, du in dugc trign kfaai thuc hign tren dja ban hai phudng Ding Hii v i Ddng Hii 2 thugc qugn Hii An Quy mo dign tich duge thyc faign d phudng Dang Hii la 43.489m^ Trong dign ticfa thu hdi tren cd 40 I28m^ dat ndng nghigp ciia 106 fag dan
vi 3.36Im^ dit d ciia 11 fag din.Vi tri khu dat thyc hien dy an nim tren dia ban phudng Ding Hii mpt trong nhung phudng cd dan cu ddng dtic nhit qugn Dy an nam d vi tri cd giao thong di lgi thugn Ipi, nam gin cic con dudng ldn nfau dudng Nguyen Binh Khiem, dudng Le Hdng Phong, dudng bao Nguyen Van Linh
Sau khi dy an dugc thyc faign v i hoan thanfa, cic fagng myc se tgo ra quy nhi d de phyc vii cdng tic an sinh xa hpi cho nhung hd gia dinfa cd tfau nfaap thip va tgo ra mgt khu do thi boin chinh, dong bp Vipc thyc hien du in se Ii mdt trong nhung dilm nhan vl cinh quan dd thi hign dai tien djq hAil qi,^n H^i An
3.2 Tiidng tin chung ve cong tac tfau hoi dat, boi thurmg, ho trgr khi thu hoi dSt cua du an
Dy an thu hoi dat xay dyng kfay do thi mdi tgi qugn Hai An dugc cfaia lim 2 giai dogn:Giai dogn I: thu hoi 40.128m^dign tich dit ndng nghigp cua 106 fad; Giai dogn 2: Thu hoi 3.36Im^ datd cuallfap
Dy an xiy dyng khy do thj mdi quan Hii An da tiiyc hien thu hoi 43 489 m^ dat, vdi tong so Iao dpng ndng nghi?p duge ho trg Ii 292 ngudi, tong kinh phi boi thudng la 3.494.357.000 dong _ ^ P 8 do, chilm ty Ip Idn nhit la tiln ho trg sin xuat kinh doanh doi vdi fag mat tren 30% dien tich
Trang 3dit ndng nghigp, vdi tdng sd tiln la 1.939.570.000 VND, chilm 55,5%; tien ho tig dao tgo la 757.558.000 VND, chilm 21,7%), tiln hd tig on dinh cupc sdng vdi hd mat dit tt-gn 30% la
314.074.000 ddng, chiem 9% trong tong sd tien bdi thudng
4 DANH GIA TAC D Q N G CUA VIEC THU HOI D A T N Q N G NGHIEP T 6 I CAC
NGUON VON PHUC VU SINH KE CUA CAC HO D A N BI THU HOI D A T
De dinh gia mdt each khach quan va cy tfal cic tac dpng ciia qui trinfa efauyen doi su dyng dit nong ngfaigp din cudc sdng ciia ngudi dan tgi dy an xay dung Idiu dd thi mdi quan Hii An, nhdm tic gii da tfaue faign dieu tra 106 phieu hp gia lEnh Mau philu dugc thinh lap vdi myc dich phdng vin sau vl nhieu van de trong cudc sdng ciia cic hd gia finh nong dan tii trudc va sau khi tiln hinh chuyen doi muc dich sii dyng dat ndng ngfaigp tgi dy an nay Viec phdng van dugc thyc
hien tgi 3 to dan pho so 8, 9,10, phudng Dang Hai, noi cd dit thu hoi nim trong dy an
4.1 Tac d$ng tdi nguln \tn t u nhien
Nguon von tu nhien eiia cac hg gia dinh ndng dan d khu vyc nghien eiiu dua ra dl phan tich trong dl tai nay dugc xic dinfa Ii dit ndng nghigp Nguon von nay dang cd xu hudng suy giam do
bi thu hdi dl phyc vy cho Dy an jcay dyng Khu do thi mdi qygn Hii An Ket qua phdng vin 106 ho
dan hi tfau hdi dit de thyc hien du an cho thay binh quin dign tich dit ndng nghiep cua moi khau
song bing nghe ndng nghigp Ii I52m^/ngudi, binh quan dat nong ngfaiep cda moi hp bi thu hoi la 410,27m^ hg hi tfau hoi nhilu nhat la 1.464m^, hp bi thu hoi it nhit l i 34m^
Bdng 2 sd hp gia dinh bi thu hdi ddt ndng nghiip a cdc muc quy md diin tich khde nhau
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Di^n ticb dat ndng nghiep bi thu hoi (m2)
< 5 0 n i 2
5 0 m 2 - 2 0 0 n i 2
200ni2 - 500ni2
500m2 - 700 n)2 700ni2 - 1000ni2 1000m2 - 1500m2 1500ni2 - 2000m2
S 6 h $
2
5
53
19
18
8
1
T y l ? 1.2 4.87
50 18.3 17.1 7.3 1.23 Nhin h ^ g tten ta thay so hp mat dat duoi 50m^ chi chiem 1,2% tong so hp co dat tilu hoi tai
du an, cac ho mat dat tit 500m2700ra^ chiem ty le tuong doi ldn, toi 50% Cac ho mat dat tu 500 -70am' ehiem ty 1$ 18,3% va cac hp mat dat tir 700-lOOOm' chiem 17,1% Co 8 hp mat dat tu
1.000-1.500m^ chiem 7,3%, va chi c6 1 hp rak tren l.SOOm^ dat, chiem 1,23%
4,2 Tiic d^ng t ^ ngudn vSn con nguti
4.2.1 Bac itiem ciia ttguon vdn
Truoc qua ttinh chuyen doi su dyng d ^ phyc vy xay dung khu do thi mdi quin Hai An,
nguoi dan a day chu yeu sinh song bing hoiit dpng canh tac nong nghiep, chiem toi 87% tong so hp
CO dat bi thu hoi t ^ dy an
chiem^khpang 21,l»/o: Trertiiyct^; nhimg ngucri nay lat kho tim dupc vi?c lam mdi do hp da qua tuoi de dao tao nghe va de dupe tuyen dyng vao cac cong ty, xi nghiep, Mat khac, bSn tiian hp ciing khd co the di noi khac tmi viec lam vi da so 6 tuoi nay da co gia dinh va la tru c6t kinh te
ldn, tdi 34,1%
Trang 4Dilu ding ndi d day la phan Idn lao dong ndng ngfaiep chi dat trinh dp pho thdng (42,8%) Chi cd l2,4%o lao ddng dat trinh dp trang hgc co sd, va chi rat it lao ddng cd 10,56% dgt trinh dp dgi hpc, cao ding Do do, hau faet ngudi lao dgng hi tfau hdi dat ndng nghigp deu khdng dip ung du dilu kign vl trinh dp van hda de dupc tuyen dyng vio eac vi tri cd tfau nhap cao va on dinh trong cac nginh cdng nghigp, dicfa vu, thuang mgi,
Mgt khic, bin than nhiing ngudi lao ddng d diy cung chua kip chuan hi de tim nghi mdi ve
tu tudng, y thiic de san sing tim vigc Iam mdi, hogc tham gia hpc vigc de lam nghe mdi sau khi bi
thu hoi dat Hp trdng chd nfaieu vio so tign den bu ciia Nha nude, vi vio hd trp viec Iam ciia chu
dau tu, hoac ciia chinh quyin dia phuang
Cfainfa vi nhiing nguyen nhan khich quan v i ehii quan dd, hiu hit ngudi dan d day khdng cd khi ning nhanh chdng tim kiem viec Iam mdi v i cd tfau nhap on dinh cho minh Tinh trang thit nghigp ngay mdt gia tang, gay infa hudng den thu nhap va ddi song cua nhilu gia dinh
4.2.2 S^thay ddi cua ngudn vdn
a Khd kfaan trong vigc duy tri hogt dpng sin xuit ndng nghiep
Tuy Ii mpt qugn ndi thinh dugc thanh lip tir nam 2003 nhimg hign nay quy dit ndng nghiep ciia quan Hai An vin edn tuong doi ldn Cac hg dan nm day song cfaii yeu dya vio nghi ndng ngfaigp
Hign nay, do mgt phan dign tich dit ndng nghigp da bi thu hoi vi chuyen sang su dyng cho myc dich sin xuit pfai ndng nghiep ngn so fag ndng dan bi tic ddng, ca giin tiep lin tryc dip, bdi qua trinh cfauyin doi sir dyng dit niy kfadng phii Ii nhd Theo thong kg tir phieu dilu tra, cd 41 hd sau cic lan thu hoi dit ndng nghiep da khdng cdn rupng niia, tiic Ii hi anh hudng hoan toin bdi qui trinh chuyin doi Cdn Iai, cic fad khic van cdn it nhilu dit ndng nghigp Cho den nay, 50 hg da bi thu faoi tren 90% dign tich dit ndng nghiep cdn lgi, 23 hp bi thu hoi tir 70 - 90%) dign tich, 30 hp bi tfau hoi tir 50 - 70% dign tich v i 3 fag hi tiiu hoi tir 30 - 50% dien tich
Doi vdi mdt so hd gia dinh ndng dan van edn mgt phan Idn ragng eanh tic thi cung van kfadng tfae tgp tnmg vio sin xuit ndng nghigp, do nhilu nguyen nhan:
+ Khi dy in thyc faign cdng trinh c ^ nude, hg thong kgnh muang bi pfai vd nen d rat nhilu minh ragng ngudi dan kfadng dua nude via faay dan nude ra dupc, dan din tinfa trang nhilu dien tich dat ndng ngfaigp khdng bi thu hoi, nhung Igi bi bd hoang do kfadng sir dyng dugc Theo so lieu pfa6ng van tfai cd den 97/106 fad gia dinh phan nan ve vin de nay
+ Dign ticfa ni^ng cdn Iai d nfaieu hd qua nfad, manh miin, gay khd khan cho vigc canh tac, sin lugng va chat lugng thu hoaeh ngiy eing kem
+ Mgt so ngudi din nhgn tiiiy nghi ndng nghigp khdng dem lai thu nhap cao, trong khi eimg vdi qui trinh chuyin doi sit dyng dit va chuyen doi nin kinh te tir ndng nghiep sang phi ndng nghigp, fag khdng muon tiep tyc cdng viec lim ndng niia, ma muon chuyen sang ciic nghe dicfa vy
vi kinfa doanh, Neu cd fad cdn sin xuat ndng ngfaiep tfai i i do tfadi quen, hoac hp Iam de giu mpng hogc la vi fag cdn du thira nhieu thdi gian roi
+ Tii sau khi nhgn tien den bu dat ndng ngfaigp, nhieu hd gia dinfa da xay nfai to, phzm dign tich dat thiia Igi ciia nfai hp khdng cdn nfaieu Dong tiidi, kfadng gian bi thu hep, niu chan nuoi Idn hole thyc hien chan nuoi tren dign tich nhd se khiln khdng khi hi 6 nfaiem nang, anh hudng den -then lfii?n sinh hogt ciia gia dinh Bilu.^Jdiien cho hogt dpng chan nudi kem pfait triln
b Chuyen doi mpt cich ty pfait vigc lim ndng nghiep - phi nong nghigp
Chuyen doi myc dicfa sii dyng dat ndng nghigp keo theo qui trinfa cfauyin dich eg eau lao
<Ipng, dao tgo vigc lim theo xu hudng gia tang lao dgng nganh (hch vy, kinh doanh, sin xuit phi Qong nghigp Trudc thdi diem tfau hoi dat ciia dy in nay, nghe chinh cua ngudi dan phudng Dang Hii Ii sin xuit ndng nghigp v i budn ban Dgc bigt d day mgt so hd gia dinh cd nghe trong hoa vdi tfau n h ^ cao, trung bmh 30 trigu/sio/nam Nhung din giai dogn 2005-2010 cic boat dgng kinh
Trang 5doanh, dich vu, xay dyng phat trien manh me, s ^ xuat nong nghiep bi suy yeu dan Mac du van con rupng nhimg cac hp gia dinh da khong con t|p tiung vao nghe nong niia
Bdng 3 Tinii hinh lao dong va viec idm cua cdc hd ddn truac va sau idii thu hdi ddt
Chi tieu dieu tra
1 So ho dieu tra
2.S0 ngucri trong va ngoai do lu6i lao
dpng, trong do:
+ Lam nong nghiep
+ Lara viec trong cac doanh nghiep
+ Buon ban nho, dich vu
+ Can bo, cong chirc
+ Lam nghe ktiac
+ Khong CO vice lam
Tru«c khi thu bhi dit
Tong s6 (ngudi)
106
480
292
90
70
10
15
3
TJ le (%)
100 60,83 18,75 14,58 2,08 3,13 0,63
Sau khi thu boi dit 3 nam Tdng so
(ngudi)
106
510
98
105
182
12
76
37
Tyie
(%)
100 19,22 20,59 32,65 2,35 14,84 7,35
Neu nhu trudc khi bi thu hoi dat, so lao dpng trpng cac nganh nghe nong nglliep chiem ty \%
cae, tdi 60,83% tong so hp duoc hdi, thi sau khi bi thu hoi ddt, ty le nay giam m ^ xuong chi con
ed 19,22% Trong khi do, ty le lao dpng trong cac nganh sy nghipp-hanh chinh, va cong nghiep lai khdng tang nhieu Rieng doi vdi nganh thuong m&i, dich vu thi ty ie lao dpng lam budn ban nhd, dich vu da cd sy chuyen bien rp ret, tang tir 14,58% len 32,65% Ben canh dd, ty 16 lao dpng til^ nghiep trudc thu hpi chi chiem cd 0,63%, nhimg da tang len den 7,35% vao tiidi gian 3 nam sau tiiu hoi dat (bang 3)
Lue cdn rupng, vdi nhieu lao dpng, nhinlg cdng viec nhu lam tho xay, thp dien, chi la viec lam th€m trong mua nong nhan Nhung sau khi bl thu hoi mpng, khong lam nghe ndng nira, cac ngh^ nay lai trd tiianh nghe dem lai tiiu nhap chinh cho hp Mac du sau thu hpi dat, cac ngh^ ma ngudi dan lam cd phan da dang hpn nhung rat nhieu nghe trong dd van chi mang tinh tam thdi, khdng on dinh
Dieu dang ndi la cae Iao dpng cd dat thu hoi tai dy an neu cd chuyen doi nghe nghiep tiii deu
ty phai tim cho minh cdng viec mdi chii khdng nhd dupc sy giiip do nao cua chu dy an va chinh quyen dia phycng noi cd dat tiiu hoL Tien ho trp lao dpng mat viec do bi thu hoi dat nong nghi^ dupe tinh gpp vao tien boi tiiudng dat ndng nghiep, n6n tam ly chung cua ngudi dan la su dyng de tieu dimg chii khong tach rieng mdt khoin de cho lao d§ng trong gia dmh di hpc nghe, hoac dau tu vao linh vyc san xuat ndng nghiep
4.3 Tac dong tdi ngu6n v6n tai chinh
4.3.1 Nguon vdn tii chlnh M gia Hnh tdng len nhir tiin ten bit, hStradk
Doi vdi so dat bi tiiu hoi tiiupc dy an, binh quan moi hp dupc boi fliydng 85,7 tii^u d6ng, bao gom gia boi fliudng ^ t , vat kien tnic, hoa man va cao khoan ho trp flu bmh quan Trong do, tien^boi tiiudng dat vdi moi hp dfei la khpkig 43 tti^u/hp, hp trp dao tao ngh^ la 12,6 tri$u/hO, ho trp on dilih cupc.SQiigj'a sSn xuat kinh doanh (vdi hO mat tren 30% dat) lan lupt la 6,7 trieu/hO vi
40,7 hieu/hp Tren tiiyc te, neu tinh vdi nhiing hp cd 2 lap dpng sin xuat ndng nghiep tiii moi lao
dpng eiing chi dupc ho tro khoang 6.294.000 d6ng/lao dpng So tien nay chua d d d e ngudi lao dpng^cd tiie su dyng de hoc mot ngh^ on dmh, hojc tim mpt mpt cdng viec mdi neu nhu khdng co
sy ho ttp khac tir chinh quyen dja phucmg v4 chij dau tu Doi vdi so tien ho fro san xuat kinh dpanh eho moi hp la 40.692.000 dong/hd ciing khd cd tiie giiip cac hp dau hj buon ban hoac sin xuat phi ndng nghiep vpi quy mo Idn dupc
Trang 6Mat khic, miic tign boi thudng eiia cac ho dan rat khic nhau tiiy thupc vao dien tich dit bi thu hoi cua hg dan dd Hd dugc boi thudng it nhat la 17.144.000 ddng, cdn hp dugc bdi thudng nhilu nhit Ii 324.478.000 dong Nfaung nfain chung thi phan ldn cac hp cfai dugc nfain sd tiln boi thudng, ho tig dudi 100 trigu, trong dd nhiing hd nhgn tien bdi tfaudng d miic dudi 50 trigu/hp chilm 32,07%, vi cd 33,02%) cac fad nlian tien boi thudng d miic 50 trigu - 100 trieu Nhung hd cd miic boi thudng tir 100 trigu den 150 trieu sd lugng it, chi chiem 14,15%) Nhung hd nhgn tiln d muc 250-300 trieu chi chiem 1,94% tuong duong vdi 2 hp, chi cd mpt hp mit dit vdi dien tich Idn nhit ngn dugc din bii ban 300 trigu
4.3.2 Su thay ddi thu nhap cda hp gia ^nh
Tfau nhap (theo thing, theo nim) Ii mpt chi bao rat quan trong trong phan tich ngudn vdn tai chinh phyc vy sinh ke cua ngudi dan Theo ket qui phdng van hd gia dinh, nhin chung, phan ldn cic fap gia dinh diu cho ring vdn v i thu nhap cua phin ldn cae hp gia dinh trude va sau thu hdi dat diu CO sy thay doi
Bdng 4 Tinh hinh thu nhgp cita cdc hg sau khi Ihu hdi ddt
STT
1
2
3
Chi tieu
Tong so hd
So hp CO thu nhap cao hon
So hd cd thu nhap khong doi
So hd cd thu nhap kem di
Tong so
106
75
25
6
T j le %
100 70,75 23,58 5,66 Theo ket qui pfadng van thi cd tdi 70,75%) hd tra Idi rang mitc binh quan thu n h ^ ciia hp tir tmdc kfai bj tfau hoi dit din 3 nam sau khi bi thu hdi dit la cd tang len Dd la nhd vio sy cfauyin doi sang ngfae phi ndng nghigp, dii chi vdi miic luong 2 - 3 trieu/lao dpng/tfaang thi miic thy nfa^ nay vin cao faon so vdi miic tiiu nfaap tir ndng ngfaigp nhu trude diy (nhit Ii doi vdi cie ho gia dinh nong dan d dong bang Bae Bp, noi m i hogt ddng ndng nghiep cdn Ie te, chua mang tinh chat thi trudng mgnh me nhu d Nam Bg, thi hau nhu chi "tinfa cdng lim Iai") 23,58%) so hd ndi vigc thu hoi dat khdng Iam inh hudng nhieu den miic thu nhlqp cua hg do nhiing hp niy khdng tham gia trac tiep sin xuit nong ngfaigp, m i kilm song bing cic nghi phi ndng nghigp, cdn dit ndng nghigp ciia
hp thi efap ngudi kfaic thue hoac mugn de canh tic Cd 5,66% so fad cdng nhan rang mirc thu nfalyi eiia fap sau kfai bi tfau faoi dit kem di hin so vdi thdi dilm trade khi bi thu hoi dit, v i eie hp niy diu thupc dign hp ngheo v i can ngheo Thu n h ^ kem di l i do cic hd nay khdng biet tinh toan trong chi tigu, khi nfagn dugc tiln boi thudng da sir dyng fait dl xay dung nhi cira, thgm chi Ii cdn pfaii vay mupn tfagm dl chi tieu, chii khong nghi din vigc pfaii tim vigc lim
Tgi dy an nay, nhiing ngudi cd miic tfau nhap cao nfait (sau thu fadi dat ndng ngfaigp) la ngudi buon bin mi cd von Ion de md cic cua hing sua ehiia xe may, ggi diu eit toe, buon bin faoa, vdi thu nhgp hang thing tir 3 -10 trigu va ciing cd the hon nua Nfaung ty lg so hp gia fflnh dgt mirc thu nhgp niy rat it di, ehi chiem 2,63% tong so fad dan dugc fadi 11 fap dgt duge miic tfau nfaj^ tir 2 - 3 tiigu/ Iao d$ng/thang, chilm 10,37% tong so hd, nhung binh quan miic thu nfa^qi cQng chi can vdi miic dudi (tren 2 trigu mdt chiit) Cic hd gia finh nay thuimg cd lao dpng tim duge vige lim on
—^lU£QBg_cgt^OTigJy tUj limnghe sua chua d to Cac Iao dpng chi cd miic thu nhap tii I - 2 trigu/thing van chilm da so trong cic hp gia fflnh tai du an, chilm 70,96% Hp thudng la cdng nhan, xe 6m, budn ban nhd lg Nfaung fag cd miic tfau binh quan dudi 1 trigu/lao dgng/thang l i nhiing h$ cd lao d$ng chi lim cic cdng vigc tgm tiidi nhu phu xay, lim thug Nhung hp niy ehiem ty lg 16,04% Nfau vgy, cd thi khing cKnh ring doi vdi cic hg cd dat thu hoi sau du in thi thu
n h ^ tu hogt dpng djch vy, buon bin nfad ig, lim thug la nguon tfau chu yeu nuoi song gia dinh hp
hign nay
Trang 74.4 Tac dgng tdi nguon von vat chat
Ci mdt miic dp nhit dmh, xem xet viec sii dyng tiln bdi thudng cho dit ndng nghigp bi thu hdi se cho chiing ta thay dupe each thiic sir dyng tiln boi thudng ciia ngudi dan cd hgp ly hay khdng, va giua cic nhu cau nhu: nhu cau cd vigc lim dn dinh, nhu ciu ve vat ehit, nhu cau on djnh cudc song, nhu ciu tang dieu kign fapc hinh eho con cii, thi dau la nhu cau Idn ban ca ciia nfairng ngudi nong dan cd dit thu hoi tgi du in Nd cd lien quan mat thiet den su cii thign ddi song tgm thdi v i lau dai ciia ngudi din
Bdng 5 Phucmg thiic su dung lien bdi thudng cdc hg ddn sau khi bi thu hdi ddt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
7
Phirong thih: sir
dung tien
Xay nha
Sua nha
Mua xe may
Mua dien thoai di ddng
Mua ti vi, tii lanh,
D^u tu cho 5x phi ndng nghiep
Tiet kiem
Chi phi cho hoc hinh
Khic
So tien binh quan sii'dung d l mua sam (VND)
173.165.000 24.930 000
15 040.000 1.817.000 2.245.000 38.762.000 153.000.000 32.571.000 52.186.000
Ty le % so v6i
so tien den bii binh q u i n cac
ho dirpc nhan
202,06 29,09 17,55 2,12 2,62 45,23 178,52
38 60,89
S^ho
55
9
44
18
63
15
14
18
12
Ty le % trong
106 h$ duwc
d i n bu dat ndng nghiip
51,49 7,92 41,58 16,83 59,41 13,86 13,2 16,98 11,32 Theo so lieu ciia bang 5, ta cd the thay sau khi nhgn dugc tien din bu, ho trg doi vdi dat nong nghiep hi tfau hoi, phin ldn cic hd da sir dyng tiln cho myc dich xay, sua nha (59,41%)), mua vgt dyng smh faogt nfau tu Ignfa, ti vi, miy vi tinh, (59,41%), mua xe miy (41,58%) Chi cd so it fad sii dyng tien de dau tu cfao sin xuit phi nong nghigp (13,86%) Ngoai ra, cd mdt so hp cdn sii dyi^ tien cfao myc dicfa diu tu hpc hanfa cho con cii cfaiem (16,98%), muc dicfa tilt kigm (13,2%)
So tien mi cic fad su dyng phyc vy cic myc ^ch tren la khac nhau tuy vio timg mye dich Dilu ding ndi la sd tiln bmh quan dugc den bu ciia cic hp gia dmh l i 85,7 trigu dong, nfaung rieng tiln xay nfaa eua 55 fag da dgt din 173,165 trieu dong, tiie g ^ 2,02 lin so tiln hp nhin dugc Vi§c vay tign xay nhi trudc roi diing tien den bu tri ng sau da v i dang Ii cich nghi chung ciia rat nhiiu ngudi dan tai dy an nay ndi rieng va tren dia ban quan Hii An ndi ehung, vi hp chic chin ring vdi toe do do tiii hda nhanh nhu d Hii An, thu hoi dat ndng nghigp dien ra Hen tyc va nhanh chdng, khi nang tii ng dupc khi cao
Nhu vay, nhm cfaung viec sir dung tiln boi thudng ciia cic hp dan d dy in tren cung nfau tinh trgng cfaung hien nay ciia cic hp dan sau khi hi Nhi nude thu hoi dat thudng sit dung dSng tien dugc boi tiiudng khong diing myc dich Vdi so tiln boi thudng tiii cd tfal phit tiiin sin xuit kinh doanfa faoac hpc nghe dl on cBnh cugc song nhung da so hp ndng dan khi nhgn dugc tiln Igi sii dyng vao^muc dich khic nhu: sura cfaua nhi eua hogc xay dyng mdi, mua sim tai sin nen sau khi bi tfau hoi dat ngudtta tiiay nhi eiia-khang trang ban, tign nghi day du ban
Bdng 6 Tdi sdn sd hau cua cdc hd trudc vd sau khi thu hdi ddt
Chi ti£u dieu
tra
So ho dieu Ira
Xemay
Trudcthu
hoi dat
106
80
Sau thu hoi dat 3 n i m
106
100
Tang(+), S6 lupng
0
20
giani(-)
Co can
%
0
25
Binh quin/h$
Tnrdc thu hoi d^t
1 0,75
Sau thu h&i
dat 3 nim
1 0,94
Trang 8Chi ti&i dilu
tra
Xedap
6 to
Tivi
Til lanh
Miyvituih
Dien thoai
Nha d cap 4
Nhi mil bang
Tnrofc thu
hoi dat
90
1
102
20
24
78
75
17
Sau thu hoi dat 3 nam
101
9
106
86
53
106
60
50
Tang (+), giim (-)
Sd lirong
11
8
4
66
29
28 -15
33
Co ciu
%
12,2
800 3,9
330 120.8 35,89 -20 194,1
Binh quan/hd
Tnrdc thu hdi dat 0,85 0,01 0,96 0,19 0,23 0,74 0,71 0,16
Sau thu hdi dat 3 nam 0,95 0,08
1 0,81 0,5
1 0,57 0,47 Dilu tra sau hon ve tai sin sd hihi cita cac hd gia dinh tmdc vi sau khi thu fadi dat ta thay dugc chi tilt hon ve vigc su dyng cic khoin tien dd (bing 6) Sd xe gan miy tang nhanh vdi 20 cfaiic (tang 20%.), dgt binh quan 0,94xe/fag So tu Ignh ting Ien 66 chile (tang 76,74%)), sd dien thoai ciing tang len, dgt ty lg cao trong cic hp dan vdi mat dp I may/fad, sd lugng d td chd hang tang lgn kha nhilu so vdi tinh hinh chung, tang 8 chile, dat 88,89% Sd 6 td tai tang la do pfait tnin cic nginh dich vu ngay cang phat trien, nen nhu cau van chuyen hang hda tang manh So may dien thogi va may vi tinh tang manh, cu the may ffien thoai tang 35,89%, cdn may vi tinh tang 120,8%,
do diy l i nhiing vat dyng tluet yeu cua cic hd gia finh d thanh thi hien nay Dae biet so nha mii
bing dugc xay dyng thay the cic nha cip 4 la 33 nhi tang 66,0% so vdi trudc khi thu hoi dit,
Doi vdi nfaieu hd dan, mac du vl bl ngoai thi tai sin trong gia dinh dugc sam su:a them, nha
d khang trang ban, nhung trgn thue te, trong so do cd nhieu hd gia dinh hien nay lim cfai du an cfaii khong cd tich luy, mot so song bang tien lam thue, cugc sdng khdng on dinh, thu nhgp khdng diu, ngn vigc su dung so Idn tien de mua sam do dae, xay sira nfai cua khdng phii la cich su dung hieu qua
5 DANH GIA T 6 N G H O P VE CAC NGUON VON PHUC VU SINH KE C t A HO GIA DJNH NONG D A N SAU THU HOI D A T NONG NGHIEP
Sau mdt thai gian dien ra qui trinh chuyen doi myc dicfa sir dyng dit tir ndng nghiep sang phi nong nghigp, cudc song va sinfa ke cua ngudi dan cd dat hi tfau hoi cung da cd nfaieu bien doi, ve nhieu mgt
Nguon von ty nhign: sau kfai hi thu hoi dat thi dien tich dat ndng nghigp cua cac hd deu giam mgnh Nhieu hp faign nay du cdn lgi mdt it dat ndng nghiep ciing khdng the dya vao do de lim tang nguon thu nhgp cho gia dinh vi nhieu ly do nhu da phan tich
Nguon von con ngudi: cic hd dan cd dat thu faoi sdng chu yeu bang nghe ndng nghiep nhung sau khi bi thu hoi dat ndng nghiep thi cic hp da chuyen doi sang mdt so nginh ngfal khic ngn ky nang canh tic ndng ngfaigp faau hit khdng dugc su dung niia Ben canh dd nhu da phan ticfa d tren, phan Idn Iao dpng cd dit hi thu hoi cd trinh dp hgc vin chua cao; cae fap dan cd dat thu hoi cd tdi 34,1% ngudi cd dp tuoi tren 60 tuoi - vdn di van cd tfal Iao ddng ndng ngfaigp, nhung Iai kfad cd tfal tham gia vio cac hd^~dprig"phi ndng nghiep, sd ngudi cd dp tuoi tir 35 moi trd len - l i do tuoi bat
^ n it sy nhanh nhgy de tham gia hpc nghi, tim vigc lim mdi - chilm ty Ie tdi 21,1%)
Nguon von tai chmh; Mdt phan ldn dign tich dit ndng nghiep bi thu hoi nen thu nhap tir sin xuat ndng nghiep eiia cac hp da giam di ding ke tir Trong Mii do thu nhgp ciia cac fag tii hogt ddng sin xuat pfai ndng nghiep nhu budn ban, dich vy va Iam tfaue da tang mgnfa Mat khic cic hd dgu nhin duac so tien boi thudng, hd trg tuang doi Idn (so vdi thu nhgp tir boat ddng sin xuat ndng nghigp) khi bi thu hoi dit (tnmg binfa 85,7trieu/hd) ngn nguon von tai chinh cua cac fad gia dinh deu dupc tang len sau thu hoi dit
Trang 9Nguon von vat chit: nhin chung nhd vao vigc dy in dugc thyc hien, canh quan khu vye tgi
va xung quanh dy in dugc thilt kl v i xay dyng khang trang hon, dudng giao thdng di lgi thuan Iai hon, do li cii "duoc" ciia dy in Xet ve nguon von vat chit h-ong hp gia dinh thi theo ket qui dilu tra, sau 3 nam tir khi bi thu hoi dit so vat dung gia ffinh ciia cac hd diu cd tang len die bigt la cac vat dyng nhu dien thoai, ti vi, tii lanfa, ting mgnfa
Qua bing dinh gii vg cic nguon lyc smh kl cua ngudi ndng dan bi thu hoi dat ta thay rang nguon lyc con ngudi chi d mirc hgn chi, nguon luc tu nhien dang cd xu hudng suy giim, cfai co nguon luc tai chinh va vat chat la dugc dinh gia cao ban v i cd gia tang tu trudc va sau khi thu hoi dat so vdi cic nguon lyc khic Tuy nfaien nguon vdn vg tii chinh va vat chat chi mang tinfa trade mit, trong khi nd dugc quin ly bang nguon lyc con ngudi chi d miic "hgn che" nen se dan den nfaung nguy ca suy giim trong tuong Iai Chinh vi thi, tim viee lim on dinh v i dem lai thu n h ^ ^t
Ii bien phip hiiu hieu nhat de dam bio sinh ke cua moi hp gia dinh
6, KETLUAN
Dy in xay dyng khu do thi mdi quin Hii An Ii dy in cd y nghTa Idn doi vdi vigc chinh trang
bp mat dd tfai eiia qugn Tuy nhien, vigc thu hoi phin ldn dien tich dit ndng nghigp ciia ngudi dan
da va dang tgo nen sy tfaay doi Idn trong sinh ke ciia ngudi ndng dan cd dat bi thu hoi ciia dy an Vigc thu hoi dat cua dy an da keo tfaeo sy thay doi phuang thuc sinh ke eiia ngudi ndng dan Hogt dpng sin xuat ndng ngfaigp gan nhu hi finh tre, vi hp phai hudng din hoat ddng dich vy la ehii ygu Hiu hit cae hg diu tri Idi rang hg phii tu fi tim vigc lim mdi sau khi bi thu hoi i ^ , chii kfadng tfal dya vao sy fao trg cua dia phuang hay chu du in diu tu Vigc chuyin doi nghe dien ra tu phit, trong kfai trinh dp hgc van, moi tic cua eic Iao dpng (nguon von con ngudi) trong cic gia fii^ cdn nfaieu hgn cfal
Sau khi thu hoi dit, d cae fad dan deu cd sy gia tang ve ngyon von tii chinh va vgt cfaat Neu cfaua xet din yiu to an ninh luong thyc, thi day Ie ra la co hpi dl ngudi dan cd the sii dyng chuyen doi sang nghe phi ndng ngfaigp, hoac dau tu kinh doanfa Nfaung phin Idn cic hp dan cfaua sir dung diing higu qua tiln boi tiiudng v i ho trg dat, hg khdng sii dung tien cho hpc nghe hay tim kilm viec lim ma chi chii trpng vio sira cfaua nha eua, mua sim vgt dyng gia dinh, va ban tfal niia, nfailu gia dinh hien dang dinh "no" cung vi chi tieu qui miic
Tir dd eho thay: 1 Vige thu hoi dit ciia cic hd gia dinh ngudi ndng dan thyc t l khdng chi can boi thudng va fao trg bang tien mat l i dii, m i rat can den sy trg giiip ciia chinh quyen dia phuong trong vigc tu van cho ngudi ndng dan su dyng faigy qui so tiln dd; 2 Ho trg tiln mgt khong phii la cich tinic higu qua nhat dl giiip cfao ngudi ndng dan cd thi chuyin d6i nghe nghigp cho mmh, dan
Xet cho cung, de tranfa nhung bat c ^ khong mong mu6n doi vdi sy thay dli sinh kl ciia ngudi din ke tren day, tfai chuyin dli sii dyng dat nen dien ra sau khi da cd sy chuyen dicfa lao ddng trong cic nganh kinh tl tiieo quy hogcfa, nhu xu thi dd thi hda tiianh cong cua nhilu nude phit trien tren tfal gidi
Trang 10TAX LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Ban cfai dgo TDTDS&NO Tmng Uong (2010),7"dng diiu tra ddn sd vd nhd & Viet Nam 2009: kit qud todn bp, Nxb Thong ke
2 PGS.TS Phan Thi Mai Huong (eb), Miung biin ddi tdm ly cua cu ddn viing ven dd trong qud trinh dd thi hoa, Nxb Tir diln Bach Khoa, 2010, 338 trang
3 Le Van Nam, Ndng ddn ngogi thdnh thdnh phd H6 Chi Mmh trong liin trinh do thi hda,
Nxb Tong hgp thanfa pho Ho Cfai Minfa, 2007,170 trang
4 Vu Hong Pfaong, (2006) "Impacts of Urbanization in a Pen-urban Area of Hanoi: the Voice of Affected People" yietnam Social Sciences 5: pp.51-60
5 Nguyen Thi Ha Thanfa (2011), "Conversion of Agricultural Land and its Impact on Peasants in Hanoi Suburbs during Rapid Urbanization: A Case Study of Me Tn Commune",
Jmbunchiri Journal, Vol.63 (2), pp.1-17)
6 UBND qugn Hii An, Bdo cdo thdng ki - him ki ddt dai cua Phong Tdi nguyin-Mdi trudng 2005,2010
7 UNDP, IRP, Guidance note on Recovery Livelihood, 2010