Dua trdn ngudn tai lieu sdn cd nhu sach, bao, tap ehf va ngudn thdng tin va iing dung tii diln trdn internet, bai vid't trinh bay mdt sd djnh nghia vl hanh phiic, hanh phiic gia dinh hid
Trang 1N g h i e n ciSu
G i a d i n h v a G i 6 i
So 5 - 2 0 1 4
Mgt so flinh nghia ve hanh phiic, hanh phiic gia flinh tren the gi6l
Nguyen Dure Tuyen
Vien Nghidn ciiu Gia dinh va Gidi
Tdm tat: Bai vie't tim hieu mot so' dinh nghia ve h a n h phiic,
h a n h phuc gia dinh hien nay t r e n the gi6i, neu r a nhiing diem manh, diem ye'u lien quan den noi dung dinh nghia va thanh phan cua cac dinh nghia nay Nghien ciiu nay cho tha'y hien nay tren the gi6i co nhieu dinh nghia h a n h phuc va h a n h phiic gia dinh khac n h a u dUdc sii dung rong rai trong cuoc song va trong nghien ciiu khoa hoc xa hoi n h a n van H a n h phuc, h a n h phuc gia dinh la nhiing khai niem r a t gan giii nhUng lai mang y nghia
r a t triiu tUdng va no ciing la muc tieu de moi ngUcJi va moi gia dinh tren the gi6i hudng tdi Viec nghien ciiu ve h a n h phiic va
h a n h phtic gia dinh ciing nhU viec xay dUng mot dinh nghia chung ve h a n h phiic, h a n h phiic gia dinh la viec ra't co y nghia giiip cho viec nghien cdu ve gia dinh va chinh sach gia dinh dUdc tot hdn
Tijf khda: Gia dinh; H a n h phiic; H a n h phuc gia dinh; Cuoc so'ng
to't; Phiic ldi
Trdn the gidi, vide ban luan ve van dl hanh phiic, hanh phiic gia dinh
da xudt hidn tir rat lau Ngay tCr thdi cd dai, cac nha trid't hge d phuang Tay
va d phuomg Ddng deu de cap dd'n van de nay Dd'n nay van de hanh phiic, hanh phiic gia dinh vdn tid'p tuc nghidn ciiu, ban luan Hanh phiic, hanh
phuc gia dinh la mdt cum tit kha phd bid'n trdn cac phuang tidn thdng tin
Trang 2N g u y d n Dufc T u y e n 2 7
dai chiing va la chu dl quan tam trong nghidn ciiu khoa hge xa hdi nhan van Dac bidt d trdn internet, mdt he thd'ng thdng tin toan cdu, la nai cd nhilu didn dan ban luan vl hanh phiic, hanh phiic gia dinh
Hanh phiic cho du la mdt thuat ngu dugc sir dung d nhilu nai, nhan dugc nhilu ban luan, ly giai nhung vide djnh nghia nd vdn chua dugc rd rang va thd'ng nha't Hanh phiic gia dinh la khia canh cu the han cua hanh phiic lai cang ft dugc dl cap hom Vide tim hilu vide dinh nghia thd nao la hanh phiic va hanh phiic gia dinh la vdn dl cdn thid't nhdm giiip cho vide nghidn ciiu va do ludng vl chat lugng cugc sd'ng va chat lugng gia dinh mdt each toan didn Dua trdn ngudn tai lieu sdn cd nhu sach, bao, tap ehf
va ngudn thdng tin va iing dung tii diln trdn internet, bai vid't trinh bay mdt
sd djnh nghia vl hanh phiic, hanh phiic gia dinh hidn nay trdn thd gidi, cd gdng ndu ldn nhiing diem manh, dilm yd'u, vide phan loai thanh phdn ciia cac djnh nghia nay de giiip cac nha nghidn ctru cd cai nhin toan didn hom khi nghidn ciiu vl hanh phiic va hanh phiic gia dinh
1 Djnh nghTa ve hanh phuc
Cdc dinh nghia ve hanh phiic
Trong ljch su, vdn dl hanh phiic (happiness) da dugc nghidn ciiu tir rat
lau Aristotle, nha trid't hge Hy Lap cd dai da danh nhilu cdng siic nghidn Cliu vl hanh phiic, dng cho rdng "con ngudi muu cdu hanh phiic bdng nhilu each va phuomg tidn khac nhau" (Doh Chull Shin, 2009)
O phuomg Ddng cd dai, ban luan vl hanh phiic ciing dugc tim thay trong cac Iy luan cua cac nha trid't hge Trung Qud'c Tac gia Herrilee R Greel gidi thidu quan diem ciia Khdng Tu ban vl hanh phiic dng cho rdng: Dii con ngudi cd khac nhau thd nao, nhung nguydn vgng chung cua hg vdn
la dat dugc hanh phiic; nguydn tdc tao ndn hanh phiic cho ngudi khac that dan gian: dilu gi minh khdng mud'n ngudi ta lam cho minh, thi minh chd lam cho ngudi (Greel, Herrilee R, 1964)
Cac nha khoa hge cd dai, kl ca phuang Ddng ldn phuang Tay, thudng chi tap trung nghidn ciru vl sir quan trgng cua hanh phuc, each mgi ngudi tao ra hanh phiic, each nha nudc lam cho ngudi dan hanh phuc Hg thudng coi hanh phiic la mdt cai gi dd triiu tugng, ma "cd nd" ta se dugc cugc sd'ng td't dep, vf du, hanh phiic la "tao ra chat lugng sd'ng cao nhdt",
"la dilu ma con ngudi mong mud'n", "dilu td't dep ciia con ngudi" (Doh Chull Shin, 2009) Tuy nhidn, cac nha trid't hge cd dai chua djnh nghia mgt each ro rang: hanh phiic la gi va thanh phan ciia nd gdm nhiing gi Ngay nay, nd'u tim kid'm trdn internet, ta se thdy cum tii hanh phiic xuat hidn kha nhilu Trong sd dd, cd cac trang web mang tfnh phat ddng phong trao, trung cdu y kid'n, trang mang xa hdi xuat hidn nhilu y kid'n, quan
Trang 328 Nghien ciiu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 24, so 5, tr 26-36
nidm ciia cac ca nhan, tham chf la tii cac td chirc, doanh nghiep ve each hieu the nao la hanh phiic Nhin chung nhiing djnh nghia nay mang tinh chat kinh nghidm ca nhan va tuy theo sd thfch ridng ciia mdi ngudi Vi du nhu hang nudc nggt Coca-cola da djnh nghla vl hanh phiic tren website ciia minh nhu sau: Hanh phiic dd'i vdi chiing tdi la bat cir thii gi cd thd mang lai nu cudi cho ngudi nao dd (Coca-cola)
Hoac trang web cd tdn Du an hanh phiic (The Happiness Project) vdi mue tidu la tap hgp nhimg ngudi khdp nai trdn the gidi thanh mdt cau lac
bd dd gap gd trao ddi, chia se kinh nghidm vl nhiing thdi quen, nhung dieu ndn lam, nghla la de mdi ngudi cd the lap cac "de tai/dir an" rieng cho minh de lam muc tidu theo dudi va hudng tdi viec dat dugc nidm hanh phiic trong cude sd'ng (The Happiness Project) Mdt sd trang web khac quan tam tdi chii dl nay bdng each tien hanh tdng hgp va trich ddn cac djnh nghia vl hanh phiic theo quan dilm, ldi ndi, tuc ngir tir khdp nai tren the gidi nhu cac trang web Life Optimizer, The Positivity Blog Trong rat nhilu loai djnh nghia vl hanh phiic dugc tim thay phd bien tren internet, cd mdt sd djnh nghla dugc dua ra bdi nhirng nha lam tir dien phd thdng ndi chung va tii dien chuyen nganh ndi rieng Nhin chung cac djnh nghia vl hanh phuc trong cae tii dien nay cd tinh khiic triet va khai quat han Tir dien cua nha xudt ban Wolframalpha la mdt vi du Theo dd, hanh phiic gdm cd 2 thanh td: 1) trang thai dac trung tinh than thoai mai dugc xep ttr miic hai ldng de'n miic dd cao hom la niem vui; 2) trai nghiem cam xiic d trong trang thai thoai mai
Cd the ndi, khai niem hanh phiic dugc djnh nghia d day dugc dua tren thang do djnh lugng vl "nilm vui", ma nd lai la mot khai niem dinh tinh nen khd cd the lugng hda dugc mdt each chfnh xac; thuat ngii "cam xiic"
va "trang thai thoai mai" cung cd han che nhu vay Dinh nghia trdn mac dii dugc Tii dien bach khoa md Wikipedia trfch ddn, nhung chinh nd cung xac nhan rdng djnh nghia nay vdn cdn la mdt khai niem chua rd rang, va mang nhilu y nghia khac nhau dd'i vdi nhilu ngudi (Wikipedia_b)
Mdt sd tii dien khac cung gap phai nhumg khd khan, han che tuang tu,
vf du theo Tir diln Merriam-webster, coi hanh phiic la: 1) trang thai thoai mai va trang thai man nguydn; 2) su trai nghiem vira y va hai long (Merriam-webster_a) Cdn Macmillandictionary thi cho rdng hanh phuc
cd nghia la: 1) cam giae vira y va hai ldng; 2) hai long vi mot dieu gi dd td't dep va diing ddn (Macmillan Dictionary_a)
^ Nhin chung, cac Tu: dien nay cung djnh nghia ve hanh phiic dua vao ydu td tam ly, tinh thdn, do vay nd cung vap phai nhirng van dd tuang tu nhu djnh nghia cua Wolframalpha la khd danh gia va do ludng Cd le do nhirng han che ndu trdn, ndn cac djnh nghla vl hanh phuc tuy dugc gidi
Trang 4N g u y e n Dufc T u y e n 2 9
thidu rdng rai, nhung it dugc dp dung trong nghidn cun khoa hge
va'n dl hanh phuc cung thu hiit su quan tam cua cac nganh khac nhau trong linh vuc khoa hge xa hdi nhan van Cac nganh khoa hge cung dua ra cac djnh nghia vl hanh phiic, tuy nhidn, tiiy thude vao dd'i tugng, muc dfeh nghidn ciiu cua tiing nganh ma hg dua ra nhiing djnh nghla ridng vl hanh phiic cho nganh ciia minh Vi du, Tam ly hge cho rdng: hanh phiic la mdt trai nghidm chu quan cd y thiic ciia mdt cam xiic, hay chfnh xac han, mdt kieu loai dac bidt ciia cam xiic hay nhiing cam xue (Definition of Happiness) Cdn Trid't hge cho rdng: hanh phiic "la 1 trong 2 dilu: (1) la trang thai cua tu duy; (2) la cugc sd'ng td't dep cho con ngudi hudng tdi (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Nganh sinh hge lai coi hanh phiic
la cam xue rat dd chju dugc dac trung bdi bilu hidn bdn ngoai la su hai long, nilm vui; va la trang thai dugc dac trung bdi nhiing cam xiic khac nhau d miic do tii hai long dd'n nilm vui manh liet (Biology Online) Trong thdi gian gdn day, da cd nhilu hoat ddng nghidn ciiu va dn pham
vl hanh phiic mang tdm cd thd' gidi nhu Dii lieu Hanh phiic the gidi nam
1984, Tap chf Nghidn ciru Hanh phiic (2000) va cac hdi thao vl khai nidm hanh phiic da dugc td chiic Trdn ca sd dd, tac gia Doh Chull Shin da tdng hgp thanh 3 djnh nghia vl hanh phiic dugc cdc nha khoa hge thudng diing nhu sau: (1) chi cam xiic, sung sudng, vui ve, phan chan khoai lac thudng trong mdt thdi gian ngdn; (2) chi su thoa man, hay hai long vl nhu cau cugc sd'ng ciia con ngudi; (3) chi chdt lugng cugc sd'ng td't dep (Doh Chull Shin, 2009)
Mac dii hanh phiic da dugc djnh nghla khd nhilu, cac nha nghidn ciiu xa hdi dudng nhu vdn chua thoa man vdi cac djnh nghla ndu ra trudc dd Nam
2012 Lidn hgp qudc tidn hanh mdt cude dilu tra ldn vl "Chi sd hanh phuc"
"Bao cao Hanh phiic thd'gidi" (World Happiness Report) dua trdn kd't qua cugc dilu tra nay djnh nghia hanh phiic la cap do ma ca nhan tu danh gia mdt each tfch cue vl chat lugng cugc sd'ng ciia ban than (World Database of Happiness) Mdt bao cao khac cd tdn la 'Theo dudi Hanh phiic: Cau tnic cua su bid'n ddi bin vimg" (Pursuing Happiness: The Architecture of Sustainable Change), cac tac gia cung dua ra djnh nghia vl hanh phiic "la liic ma con ngudi ludn ludn d trong trang thai cam xiic tfch cue, hai ldng vl cugc sd'ng cao va it khi cd cam xiic tidu cue" (Sonja Lyubomirsky, 2(X)5:10)
Nhu vay, cd the ndi hanh phiic la thuat ngii dugc djnh nghia bdng nhilu each hilu khac nhau va chua dugc sir dung mdt each thd'ng nhat giira cac cude nghidn ciru, giira cac dd'i tugng nghidn cuu Dilu nay cd thi mdt phdn
la do each hieu vl hanh phiic mang nhilu yd'u td djnh tfnh, khd xac djnh Cung chfnh vi vay nd da gay trd ngai cho vide danh gia cac chfnh sach xa hgi, va cac nha khoa hge thudng sir dung-nhiing thuat ngir gan nghia hoac
Trang 530 Nghien curu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 24, so 5, tr 26-36
tham chf dugc coi la ddng nghia vdi cac thuat ngii hanh phiic nhung dd dang do dac, so sanh han vf nhu thuat ngu cugc sd'ng td't (Wellbeing), phiic lgi (Welfare) Xet vl mat djch thuat, thuat ngu eudc sd'ng tdt dugc djnh nghia la "mdt dilu kidn sd'ng td't; ludn d trong trang thai dac trung bdi siic khde, hanh phiic va thjnh vugng" (Dictionary.com), hoac "la mot trang thai sd'ng hanh phiic, khoe manh hoac thanh dat"
(Merriam-web-ster_c), trong tit diin Lac Viet, eudc sd'ng td't dugc djch ra tid'ng Vidt la
"tinh trang hanh phiic, khoe manh" (Tii dien Lac Viet, 2002)
Trong nghidn ciiu khoa hge, thuat ngir cude sd'ng td't gdn nghia nhat va tham chi cdn dugc coi la triing nghia vdi thuat ngii hanh phuc Cac tac gia cua bao cao "Theo dudi Hanh phiic: Cau tnic cua su bid'n ddi bin vimg" khdng phan bidt rd rang tii ngii hanh phiic va cugc sd'ng td't (Sonja Lyubomirsky, 2005) Vi vay, khi djnh nghia vl eudc sd'ng td't, cd bao cao khoa hge khdng djnh khai nidm nay cd the dugc diing thay thd'cho cum tir hanh phiic trong nhilu trudng hgp (Edward L Deci, 2008:1)
Cd the ndi su thuan tidn khi su dung cac cum tir nay la rat rd rang, bdi
khai nidm "cugc sdng tdt" ngoai vide mang nghia tuomg duomg hoac ddng nghia vdi "hanh phiic", nd cdn cho phep so sanh vl mat djnh lugng dd
dang hon Cac chfnh sach xa hdi thudng nhdm vao muc dfeh nang cao chdt lugng eudc sd'ng mdt each cu thi, vi thd' nd cd nhu cdu can danh gia ehinh xac ndn trong nghidn ciru xa hdi, nhat la nghidn ciru chfnh sach, thuat ngii nay dugc coi la khai nidm phu hgp hem nghia cua thuat ngii hanh phiic Phiic lgi ciing la cum tii cd lidn quan mat thid't dd'n hanh phiic va eudc sd'ng tdt Theo Ttr diln Merriam-webster, phiic lgi cd 2 nghia: nghia thii nhdt la trang thai td't nhat khi xem xet dd'n tai san, hanh phiic, cd cude sdng td't dep, su thjnh vugng; va nghia thii hai la: a) su vidn trg dudi hinh thiie tiln hoac nhu cdu thid't yd'u cho nhiing ngudi cdn trg giiip; b) khoan vidn trg nay dugc phan phdi qua mdt co quan hoac chuang trinh (Merriam-webster_b) Cdn theo Tii diln Macmillandictionary phiic lgi cd nghia la: (1) siic khde va hanh phiic cua ngudi dan; (2) su cung cdp cac djch vu cham sdc cua nha nudc hay cac td chiic cho ngudi cd nhu cdu (Macmillan Dictionary_b)
Nhu vay, nghidn ciiu hanh phiic cung chinh la nghidn ciiu vl mdt eudc sdng td't, cac phuc lgi vl mat tinh thdn va vat chdt Tuy nhidn, cung can phai nhan thiic dugc rdng, tuy cac khai nidm/cum tur nay cd the sir dung gid'ng nhau, tham ehf thay thd' cho nhau trong nhilu trudng hgp, nhung chiing cung cd nhiing yd'u td khac nhau, vf du nhu thuat ngir hanh phiic nha'n manh hom dd'n y nghia vl mat tinh cam con ngudi, cdn cude sd'ng td't, phiic lgi la nhiing cum ttr kem bieu thj vl mat tinh cam va mang nhilu ham
y vl mat vat chat
Trang 6Nguyen D i e Tuyen 31
Thanh phdn cua hanh phuc
Tuy djnh nghia vl hanh phiic chua cd su thd'ng nhdt, va ed nhilu khai nidm tuomg duang; nhung thanh phdn ciia hanh phuc lai dugc dua ra kha
rd rang Trong bao cao Hanh phuc thd'gidi, cac nha nghidn ciiu da dua ra
mdt loat chi sd vl hanh phiic va dugc phan loai thanh hai nhdm: "ca nhan"
(Personal) va "ngoai canh" (External) Trong dd nhdm "ca nhan" gdm cae
yd'u td chu chd't nhu: siic khoe tam thdn (tinh thdn); sire khoe the chat; trai
nghidm gia dinh; giao due; va gidi va tudi Trong nhdm "ngoai eanh" gdm
cd: thu nhap; vide lam; cdng ddng va su quan ly ciia chfnh phu lii cae
thanh td chu chd't ndu trdn, bao cao nay da di sau phan tfch nhilu chi sd d
cap dd nhd hom dl danh gia cu the thuc trang ciia vdn di Vf du, trong yd'u
td "trai nghidm gia dinh" (Family experience), bao cao nay lai tap trung
phan tich hai yd'u td quan trgng trong gia dinh dd la: hdn nhan va tre em
(Helliwell, John, 2012:56) Su phan loai cac thanh td vl hanh phiic trong
bao cao se la tai lieu tham khao hiru ich dl dp dung vao cac nghidn ciiu
tid'p theo vl van dl nay
2 Djnh nghTa ve hanh phuc gia dinh
Cdc dinh nghia ve hanh phiic gia dinh
Hqnh phuc gia dinh (family happiness) la khai nidm cu thi hom cua
hanh phiic va nd ciing gap phai nhiing van dl tuomg tu nhu d each hieu cua
thuat ngii hanh phiic Cac djnh nghia vl hanh phiic gia dinh trdn internet
mang nhilu tfnh chat phd thdng, ddi thudng ft mang tfnh hge thuat Vf du,
mdt trang web vl tdn giao cho rdng "Hanh phiic trong cude sd'ng gia dinh
cd the dat dugc khi tao dung theo nhiing ldi day ciia Chiia Gidsu Kitd Mdt
cude hdn nhan va gia dinh thanh cdng dugc hinh thanh va duy tri trdn cac
nguydn tdc cQa dire tin, cdu nguydn, an nan hdi cai, su tha thii, su tdn
trgng, tinh ydu, Idng tii bi, cdng vide va cac hoat ddng giai trf lanh manh"
(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)
Mdt sd trang web khac nhu Brainy Quote, Pinterest thi lai dua ra cac
ldi khuydn ve gia dinh hanh phiic, va la didn dan dl mgi ngudi dua ra cac
quan nidm cua ridng minh vl each hilu thd' nao la hanh phiic gia dinh va
con ngudi hanh phiic Dang chii y nhat la khi tim kid'm khai nidm hanh
phiic gia dinh trdn internet, djnh nghia "Hanh phiic gia dinh" ciia nha van
ngudi Nga Leo Tolstoy cd tdn suat dugc truy cap nhilu hem ca Quan nidm
ciia dng vl hinh anh hanh phiic gia dinh nhu sau: Tdi da trdi qua nhieu,
vd bdy gid tdi nghi rang tdi da tim thdy nhitng gi Id cdn thidt cho hqnh
phdc Mdt cugc sdng tdch biet yen tinh dmdt vimg que, ta cd the ldm dieu
hihi ich cho nhitng ngudi cdn su giiip dd, vd cho cd nhitng ngudi khdng cdn
su giiip dd, sau dd Idm nhung dieu md hy vgng sau ndy cd ich; vd thien
nhien, sdch, dm nhqc, tinh cdm thdn thiet vdi ngudi hdng xdm dd la y
Trang 732 Nghien ciiu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 24, so 5, tr 26-36
tudng ciia tdi ve hqnh phuc Vd cudi ciing, tren het chinh Id ngUdi bqn ddi,
vd cd the Id nhitng dim con nita Lieu ngUdi ta cdn mong mudn gi han ?
(Wikipedia_a) Cho du la mdt tac phdm van hge, nhung y tudng ve hanh phiic gia dinh ciia Leo Tolstoy da nhan dugc nhieu sy hudng iing, binh luan cua ngudi dgc va cung dugc chia se rdng rai tren internet Va vi la mdt tac phdm van hge, ndn khai nidm vl hanh phiic gia dinh cua Leo Tolstoy chiia dung nhilu chdt lang man tam ly Nhung ta cd thd tim thay cae thanh td thuc su ciia hanh phiic gia dinh ma Leo Tolstoy mudn truyen tai dd la: mdi trudng sd'ng tu nhidn than thidn, viec lam cd ich, sy dam me cua ridng tu, tinh cam gia dinh Mac du djnh nghia cua Leo Tolstoy ve hanh phuc gia dinh da cd thanh phdn tuomg dd'i cy the, nhung cac nha khoa hge vdn chua thoa man vdi vide gidi thidu, phat trien va ap dyng dinh nghia nay vao trong eac nghidn ciiu vl cude sd'ng gia dinh
Trdn thuc te chua cd cac cude dilu tra ldn tam cd the gidi vd van de hanh phiic gia dinh Nhung khi xem xet van dl lidn quan vdi hanh phuc gia dinh
ngudi ta ciing di cap tdi khai nidm cude sd'ng td't trong gia dinh (family
well-being); phiic lgi gia dinh (family wellfare) nhung thuat ngir nay xuat hien nhilu hon ca, nhdt la trong cac nghidn ciru vl chfnh sach ddi vdi gia dinh Ve mat djch thuat, thuat ngii family wellbeing ciing cd the dich ra tieng Viet
la hanh phiic gia dinh (family Happiness)
Tan sudt xudt hidn cae thuat ngii nay trong cac nghien ciiu ve gia dinh
la kha rdng rai vi "rat nhilu khfa eanh cua eudc sdng con ngudi cd tac ddng dd'n chat lugng cude sd'ng td't ciia hg va gia dinh ho" (Yaxley, Varunie, 2012:39) Thuat ngii phiic lgi gia dinh cung xuat hidn nhieu trong bao cao nghidn eiiu vl gia dinh Khi dd'i chid'u vdi vdi thuat ngii hanh phiic gia dinh, thuat ngii nay khdng xudt hidn nhilu nhu khai nidm cugc sdng td't trong gia dinh so vdi hanh phiic gia dinh, nhung nd lai cd lien quan nhilu dd'n hanh phiic gia dinh Bdi vide nang cao phiic lgi gia dinh se lam tang hanh phiic gia dinh dugc the hidn trong nhieu bao cao Chinh vi cd sy tuomg ducmg ve nghia ndn khi nghidn ciiu ve van de hanh phiic gia dinh chiing ta ciing cdn can nhdc xem xet vide sir dung thay the bdng cac khai nidm vl cude sd'ng tdt trong gia dinh, phiic lgi gia dinh
Thdnh phdn cua hqnh phUc gia dinh
^ Tai myc Trdi nghiem gia dinh trong Bao cao Hanh phiic the gidi, cac
tac gia da phan loai hanh phiic gia dinh thanh 2 phan chinh dd la: hdn nhan
va tre em (HelUwell, John, 2012:76-77) Tuy nhien, do nghien ciru nay khdng tap trung nhieu vao ndi dung hanh phiic gia dinh, nen thanh phan ciia nd chi dugc nhdc dd'n mdt each so luge, song cd the ndi day la nghien Cliu hiem hoi, cd tam cd the gidi hen quan dd'n van de hanh phuc gia dinh Mat khac, vi van dl hanh phuc gia dinh ft dugc tie'n hanh nghien cim
Trang 8N g u y e n Dufc T u y e n 3 3
qui md qud'c td' ndn it cd thdng tin vl thanh phdn cua nd Tuy nhidn da cd mdt sd dilu tra dl cap den thanh phdn ciia eudc sd'ng td't trong gia dinh, mdt va'n dl tuomg duomg vdi hanh phiic gia dinh Trong cude dilu tra xa hdi vl Danh gia eudc sdng td't trong gia dinh hay hanh phiic gia dinh (A Measure of Family Well-being) dugc tie'n hanh bdi University of Georgia Family and Consumer Sciences (1999), ngudi ta da xac djnh mdt loat van
dl cdn thie't de do dac cude sdng td't trong gia dinh, the hien qua cac cau hdi chia thanh 4 bd cdng cy dl danh gia, so sanh Tap hgp lai, cac ye'u td nay bao gdm: md ta chung ve cude sd'ng gia dinh; myc tieu lam cha me; myc tieu nha d; muc tieu cude sd'ng cdng ddng; myc tieu ve thye pham va dinh dudng; myc tieu vl y te'va siic khde; myc tieu cham sdc; myc tieu ve giao dye va viec lam; myc tieu vl tiln bac; cham sdc gia dinh va hanh phiic gia dinh; hanh vi ciia tre em va hanh phiic gia dinh; di lai; tiln bac
Td chiic The Colorado Foundation for Families and Children cung cd nghien ciiu danh gia vl van de nay Trong bao cao danh gia cac chi sd do ludng ciia eudc sd'ng td't trong gia dinh (What Counts: Measuring Indicators
of Family Well-being), cac tac gia da lya chgn 16 ehi sd dua vao cac nhdm de danh gia vl cugc sd'ng gia dinh nhu sau: 1) thdi gian ben nhau; 2) ky luat, cdu tnic, \'a giam sat tre em; 3) giao tie'p tfch cue; 4) sy dam bao cua gia dinh; 5) nilm tin tdn giao; 6) hd trg xa hdi; 7) bira an gia dinh; hd trg cdng ddng; 8) cdng ddng an toan; 9) hang xdm tin tudng va sdn sang giiip dd; 10) cdng ddng
hd trg thanh thie'u nidn; 11) van hda lam hang xdm Nhdm tre em gdm: 12) tid'p can cham sdc ban dau cd chat lugng cho tre em; giao dye; 13) phy huynh tham gia trong gido dye tre em Nhdm siic khde gdm: 14) tid'p can cham sdc
siic khde; 15) the dye the thao; 16) phdng chd'ng lam dyng thud'c va dieu trj
(Martinez, Judith, 2003: 3)
Chuang trinh Do ludng phiic lgi qudc gia thudc Van phdng thd'ng kd Qud'c gia ciia Lidn hidp Anh da phat trien cac bidn phap do dac cap qudc gia vl cude sdng td't (National well-being) Bao cao "Cugc sdng tdt trong gia dinh: Do dac nhiing linh vyc gi cd gia trj va xac djnh dugc" da xay dung cac bid'n sd do dac cude sd'ng tdt trong gia dinh bao gdm: md'i quan
he ca nhan, ddi sd'ng xa hdi va khu phd; y td'; thdi gian Iam vide va giai tri; nha d va khu phd; tai chfnh ca nhan; giao dye va ky nang
Cac hanh dgng mang Iai mdt cugc sdng td't dugc xac djnh gdm: la mdt dilu gi dd ldn lao hom; Iam dilu gi dd cho ngudi khac; giao tid'p/Iien he vdi mgi ngudi: quan tam cham sdc ca thi ciia ban; nhan thiic thd'gidi xung quanh; hge hdi nhiing dilu mdi; cd myc tieu de hudng tdi; cd phuang each
de phyc hdi; tie'p can tfch cue; thoai mai vdi nhiing thir ma ban dang cd (Yaxley, Varunie, 2012:35-36)
Nhu vay, nhiing tai Ueu neu tren da dua ra rat nhilu thanh phan \e cude
Trang 934 Nghien curu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 24, so 5, tr 26-36
sdng tdt gia dinh, do sy tucmg duomg va trung hgp ciia hai thuat ngu nay
ma ta cung cd thi tam sir dung lam thanh thdn cho khai nidm hanh phuc gia dinh Ngoai ra, chiing ta cung ndn xem xet den khia canh phiic lgi gia dinh Nghidn ciiu vl phiic Igi gia dinh cd the chi ra cac van de binh ddng
gidi, hdn nhan, sinh con cai va nang cao hanh phiic ciia vg chdng
Nhilu nghidn ciiu vl chfnh sach gia dinh cung cho rdng binh ddng gidi
se giiip nang cao hanh phiic eua gia dinh Cd tac gia cho rdng chinh sach binh dang gidi tao dilu kidn dl thu hiit nam gidi lam viec gia dinh, nang cao phiic lgi gia dinh dl tao eho gia dinh hanh phuc han (Ivanovic, Nevena, 2008:13, 14); hoac "Vide khuyd'n khfch binh ddng gidi trong gia dinh rdt cd gia trj vdi eudc sd'ng gia dinh" (United Nations, 1997:8); "Sy chia se trach nhidm giira vg va chdng cd tac ddng tich cyc phuc lgi gia dinh" (Repubhe Of Rwanda, 2005:24) Va hdn nhan se giiip "nang cao siic khde thi chat, hanh phiic, va cam xiic hanh phiic cua ca phy nir va nam gidi" (Hawkins, Alan J., 2002:viii)
Ngoai ra, van dl sinh con de cai ciing dugc coi la yd'u td cd nhieu lien kd't dd'n hanh phiic ciia cac cap vg chdng Bao cao "Do ludng hanh phuc qudc gia: Hd va gia dinh" (Measuring National Well-being: Households and Families) cho thdy vide cd con cd mdt tac ddng tich cyc den hanh phiic ca nhan (Macrory, Ian 2012:10)
Tdm lai, qua eac ban luan d trdn cho thdy cac khai nidm ve hanh phiic gia dinh, cude sdng td't trong gia dinh, hanh phiic gia dinh hay phiic lgi gia dinh thudng dugc cac nha nghidn ciiu dl cap chii yd'u d cac khia canh ma
nd se gdp phdn Iam eho cude sd'ng gia dinh dugc tdt han va hanh phiic hem Tdng hgp, sdp xd'p cd thi dua ra cac thanh phdn ca ban cua hanh phiic gia dinh nhu sau: hdn nhan vg chdng; binh dang gidi trong gia dinh; viec lam
va thu nhap ciia vg chdng; kinh te gia dinh; sinh de va lam cha me; cham sdc, giao dye con eai; nha d, tidn nghi sinh hoat; thye pham va dinh dudng; cham sdc siic khde; giao tid'p, hd trg cdng ddng; niem tin tdn giao; van hoa
va sy da dang
3 Mot so nhan xet
Nghidn ciiu vl hanh phiic la chu dl dugc nhilu td chuc, qudc gia quan tam, nhung khai nidm hanh phiic chua hdn dugc dung thdng nhat trong gidi nghidn cim khoa hge Nghidn cim vl hanh phiic cd lien quan nhidu dd'n nghidn ciiu ve chat lugng sdng, phuc lgi vl mat tinh than va vat chat;
va ddi chd chung cd the dung thay the cho nhau, nhat la trong cac nghien Cliu vl chinh sach xa hdi
Cho dd'n nay cd nhilu djnh nghia hanh phuc gia dinh khac nhau dugc sir dyng trong nghidn ciiu khoa hge xa hdi, do vay, cang can thid't phai dua
ra mdt djnh nghia chung vl hanh phuc gia dinh nhdm giiip cho viec phan
Trang 10N g u y e n Dufc T u y e n 3 5
tfch va so sanh Tuomg tu, thanh phdn ciia hanh phiic gia dinh tuy chua duge nghidn ciiu nhilu, nhung cac yd'u td lam eho gia dinh hanh phuc lai dugc ban nhilu trong cac nghidn ciiu vl gia dinh va chfnh sach gia dinh Day cd the la sy ggi y cho vide tdng hgp va xay dyng cac thanh phdn ciia hanh phiic gia dinh
Tdm lai, hanh phiic va hanh phiic gia dinh la nhihig khai nidm rdt gdn giii vdi con ngudi, song Iai mang y nghia rat trim tugng Cho du cac khai nidm nay chua dugc djnh nghia mdt each rd rang, nhung hanh phiic va hanh phiic gia dinh vdn la myc tidu de mgi ngudi va mgi gia dinh trdn thd' gidi hudng dd'n Va vi vay nd cho thay sy can thid't cua vide nghidn ciiu vl hanh phiic con ngudi, hanh phiic gia dinh trong xa hdi hidn dai ngay nay.B
Tai lieu trich ddn
Biology Online http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Happiness
Brainy Quote, http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/topics/topic_family.html
Coca-cola http://us.coca-coIa.com/happiness/
Dictionaiy.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/well-being
Macmillan Dictionary_a http://www macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/happy Macmillan Dictionary_b- http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/welfare Merriam-webster_a http://www.merriam-webstercom/dictionary/happiness
Meniam-webster_b-http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/welfare?show=0&t= 1376988313 Memam-webster_c http://vvww.merriam-webstercom/dictionary/well-being
Life Optimizer http://www.lifeoptimizerorg/2008/07/03/what-is-happiness-10-defi-nitions-of-happiness/
Pinterest https://www.pinterest.com/carlsonarts/quotes-to-family-happiness/
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
http://plato.stanford.edU/entries/happiness/#MeaHap
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The Happinesss Project, http://www.gretchenrubin.com/
The Positivity Blog http://www.positivityblog.com/index.php/2013/08/20/happiness-quotes/ Wikipedia_a http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_Happiness
Wikipedia_b http://en.wikipedia.org/wild/Happiness
Wolframalpha http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=happiness&dataset=
World Database of Happiness http://woriddatabaseofhappiness.eurnl/hap_bib/uitro-texts/intt-obib2.htm
Tir diln Lac Viet 2002
Definition of Happiness - What is Happiness? / http://www.fmdingauthentichappi-ness.com/definition-of-happiness.html
Doh Chull Shin, Nguyin Khanh Huong djch 2009 Chat lugng cupc sdng cua ngudi
dan chau A theo nho giao: Quan niem ve hqnh phiic Phdn 1 // Trong tap chi