Kuznets 1961, cho rdng ndng nghiep gdp phan quan trpng vao vide tang trudng kinh tc tbdng qua qud trinh budn ban vdi cac khu vuc cdng nghidp trong vd ngodi nudc va cd tac dung ldi keo cd
Trang 1MOT SO LY THUYET VA CHU OE NGHIEN CUU
PHAT TRIEN NONG NGHIEP- NONG THON
QUA LANG KINH XA HOL HQC
ThS Bill Nhirt Phong'
TOM TAT
Mac dil ti le dd thi hoa ngdy cdng fang trin phgm vi lodn cdu, hinh thdnh cdc khu
dd thi vd siiu do thf hiin dgi, nhimg phdn ldn ddn cu trin thi giai vdn dang sdng 6 khu vuc ndng thdn Hiin nay su tdp tnmg ddn cu a cdc nudc cd thu nhdp thdp vd tdm quan trong cua xa hoi ndng thon trong cdc ke hogch phdt triin kinh te - xd hdi a cdc quoc gia thugc thi gidi thu- ba khien cho viec hiiu xd hgi ndng thon vd cdc mdi tuang ldc cua nd vdi xd hoi long ihi ngdy cdng co y nghia
Nghiin ciru biin ddi xd hot ndng thdn vd cdc vdn di gdn liin v&i no la moi quan tdm cua nhieu ngdnh khoa hgc nhu: khoa hoc chinh tri, kinh ti hgc, nhdn hgc vd xa hgi hoc Bdi viit trinh bdy cdc chit thuyet, chii de vd hi vdn di nghiin ciru trong lmh virc phdt triin ndng nghiep - ndng thdn hiin nay dirdi quan diim xd hdi hgc
ABSTRACT
Although the rate of urbanization increased on global, the forming urban and modern mega - city, but most ofthe world's population still lives in rural areas Nowadays, the concentration of population in low income countries as well as the importance of rural society in the plans of socio - economic development in many countries in the Third World, it makes the understanding the rural society and its interaction with society
as a whole more meaningful
The study of rural social change and the problems associated with il is the concern
of many branches of science such as political science, economics, anthropology and sociology' etc This article focuses on theories, the topics as well as the researching in the developing in current agriculture and rural from the sociological perspective
Dat van de ddng phi ndng nghidp va cdng nghipp d
Hidn nay Viet Nam dang trone qua "^"S ^ ? n - ^?<= '^^c djnb mpt md hinh vd trinh ddv manh cdng cudc ddi mdi tidn ^"a" ^i^™ <^"ng dan trong phdt tndn ndng hdnh cdng nghiep hda va hien dai hda "S^^'^P - "^ng ^^dn la dieu can thidl bdo
chuvdn tir xd hoi ndng ngbipp truvdn thdng '^^ cho sir phat tnen dn dinh vd bdn viing sang xa hdi cdng nghiep vdi linh nang ^^° ^^ ^ho qua trinh cdng nghiep hda va dpng xd hdi cao Qua trinh dd gdn lidn vdi *!•?" ^^^ ^<>^ ^^^ " " ^ c
cdc thay ddi sdu sdc vd nhanh chdng tren Ngay nay khi dd cap ddn cdc quan mpi mdt cua ddi sdng xa hdi Trong tidn didm phat tridn ndng nghiep - ndng thdn trinh phdt trien khu vuc ndng thdn van ngudi ta thudng ndi den cdc ddng chii
^iit vai trd cbii dao Nhin vdo tdng thd nen thuydl sau;
kinh d vdi gSn 70% dan sd sdng a nong ' , (.jc ly thuylt phat triln nong
thon va 78% song phy thupe vao nong _ , ^ „
nghipp nhQ'ng nam toi day Viet Nam van » -^ »
phai nhdn m^nb su phat trien ndng nghiep L Dong W thuyet de cao vai trd cOa
vd nong thdn mdi theo hudng tdng ndng nong nghidp trong qua trinh chu^n bi sual san xuat ndng nghiep phdt Iridn boat cho cdng nghifp hoa
Trang 2Hinh thanh tu nhimg ndm 60 cua thd
ky XX vdi cac tdn tudi ndi tidng nhtr; B
Johnston va J Mellor Vao thdi gian nay
gidi nghidn cuu vd nhimg nhd lap chinh
sdch da nban thuc r5 han vai ud ciia ndng
nghiep Irong su phai Iridn Do vay hp da
khang dinb: viec xdy dimg mgt nen ndng
nghiep vung mgnh, ndng dgng la nhdn
td quan trgng thiic day cdng nghiip phdi
triin dua den suphdt triin lodn dien nin
kinh te quoc ddn Ndng nghiep ddng vai
Ird quan trpng trong vi?c:
• Cung cdp luong thpc ihpc pham cbo
nhu cau trong nudc
• Xudt khdu ndng san de thu ngogi t?
• Cung cdp Iao ddng cho khu vuc cdng
nghidp
• Ndng thdn Id thi trudng rdng ldn tieu
Ihu san pham cdng nghidp
• Tdng ngudn tiet kidm Irong nudc de cap
von cho md mang cdng nghiep
Gan vdi quan diem cua ddng ly tbuydt
de cao vai trd ciia ndng nghiep trong qud
trinh phdi tridn nhd kinh td hpe ngudi My
- S Kuznets (1961), cho rdng ndng nghiep
gdp phan quan trpng vao vide tang trudng
kinh tc tbdng qua qud trinh budn ban vdi
cac khu vuc cdng nghidp trong vd ngodi
nudc va cd tac dung ldi keo cdc ngdnh
kbac phdt trien Khu vuc ndng nghiep dam
nhgn tam cbiic nang ca ban:
• Cung cap thuc dn
• Tdng vide ldm
• Cung cdp siic Iao dpng cho cdng nghiep
• Cung cap dau vao cho cdng nghiep
• Cung cdp vdn cho cdng nghiep
• Tao nguon ngoai te cho cdng nghiep
• Bao dam dau ra cho cdng nghidp
• Tgo su cdn bang sinh thai vd ldnh thd
Cac lac gid thuoc dong ly ihuydl ndy
qua de cao vao trd cua ndng nghidp trong
phdt tridn kinh Id Chi chii trpng vice khai
thac tdi da mpi ngudn luc ciia ndng nghiep
- ndng thdn phuc vu cho cdng nghiep hda,
dd tlii hda ma hau nhu khdng chii trpng ddn Ipi ich cua ngudi ndng dan trong tidn trinh phat trien vd khdng quan tam den tridn vpng phdt tridn ciia ndng nghidp -nong thdn
2 Dong ly thuyet cbii trutrng
"nhay thang" vao cong nghipp hoa, do thi hda, bd qua khu vuc nong nghiep -nong Ihon trong qua trinh phat trien
Ka ddi vao ihap ky 60 dai didn lieu bicu la W Rostow vdi quan didm cho rang:
Su tdng tnrdng kinh le cda mdi mrdc dgc biet cdc mrdc dangphdt triin phdi trai qua cdc giai dogn phdt trien khdc nhau vai 05 giai dogn:
a Xa hpi Iruydn thdng vdi ddc tnmg san xudt ndng nghiep la cbii ydu ndng sual tao ddng thap
b Giai dogn chudn bj cat canh: xuat hi?n mpt tdng ldp doanh nghidp cdng nghidp dii khd nang thuc hipn cdng cudc doi mdi, hinh thdnh edc cue ldng trudng, loi keo lodn bd ndn kinh td
c Giai doan cal canh, ldc dp ldng trudng nhanh ti Id ddu tu cho ndn kinh Id khoang 5 - 1 0 % tdng sdn phdm qude dan
d Giai doan chin muoi vd kinh td, ty
Id dau tu 1 0 - 2 0 % tdng san phdm qude
dan xuat hidn nbieu cue tang Irirdng mdi Giai doan nay quoc gia ndng nghidp Ird thdnh quoc gia cdng nghiep
d Giai dogn xa hdi tidu diing va da dang hda thi trudng
Gan vdi quan didm W Rostow la ly
thuyit phdt trien kinh te nht nguyen cua Lewis vai xjuan diem co ban: cac nudc
dang phat tridn ludn Iudn co trgng thai nhi nguydn vd kinh te ldn tgi song song hai he thdng kinh id: hp thdng kinh td truyen thdng ddc trung bdi sdn xuat ndng nghiep du thira vd Iao ddng \ a h? ihdng kinh td du nhap dupc dgc trung bdi cdc nganh cdng nghiep hipn dai Lewis cho
Trang 3rang, cac nudc mudn thuc sir phdt tridn thi
khdng cdn con dudng nao khdc la chuyen
nhanh tii khu vuc san xudt truyen thdng
(ndng nghidp) sang khu vuc hien dai (cdng
nghiep) cang nhanh cdng tdt Cdc qude gia
chi can phat trien nhanh manh vd cdng
nghidp ma khdng can quan tdm den khu
vpc ndng nghipp bdi khi cdng nghipp phdt
trien se keo theo sy phat tridn ctia khu virc
ndng nghiep - ndng thdn, gidi quydt dupc
nhflng vdn de tdn dpng trong xa hpi ndng
thdn nhu van de Iao ddng, vipc Idm vd tinh
trgng cham phat trien
Ly thuyet phat trien ndng nghidp
-nong thdn ciia Lewis dpa tren gia djnh Id
khu vuc ndng nghiep - ndng thon cd the
cung cap ngudn Iao dpng vd tan cho khu
vuc c5ng nghidp vd cdng nghe kJ thudt
dupc str dyng trong cdng nghidp cdn sir
dung nhidu lao ddng
Ddng ly thuydt chii truong chi phat
tridn cdng nghidp, khdng chd trpng nhieu
ddn phdt tridn ndng nghidp - ndng thdn dd
thu hut dupc su quan tdm ling hp cua cdc
nudc dang phdt tri^n (cac nudc thude the
gidi thit HI) Tuy nhien vide chi chu trpng
phat tridn cdng nghiep, bo roi khu 'vuc
ndng nghipp - ndng thon co the dan ddn
nhihig cang thang xa hdi, su bdt binh dang
va phdn hda xa hdi gifla hai khu vuc ndng
nghiep - ndng thdn vd cdng nghiep - dd
thi vd thu nhgp tiep can cdc dich vu xa hpi
va khd nang mpt bd phgn cu dan ndng thdn
se lut hau do khdng dii lidn chi phi cho cac
dich vu ddo tgo can thiel irong qua lrinh
chuydn lii lao dpng san xudt nong nghidp
mang tinh chat hd gia dinh sang sdn xuat
cdng nghiep mang linh thi trudng
3 Ddng Iy thuyet chu trirong kit
hpp hai hda giira ndng nghi?p va cong
nghifP) nong thdn vd do thj trong qua
trinh phat trien
Ra ddi tir nhflng ndm 70 ciia thd ky
20 vdi chd truong kdt hap hdi hda giua
phdt uidn ndng nghiep vd cdng nghiep
Id E Schumacher, cho rSng trong phat trien kinh te cdn quan tam den con ngudi
vd su phat trien mang tinh ben vfing chii khdng chi chu trpng ddn phat tridn bang hda va khai Ihac tdi da ngudn tdi nguyen thidn nhien phuc vu cho phdt trien cdng nghiep Nhung nudc dang phdt trien can chii y thda dang tdi vide phat trien ndng nghiep - ndng thdn noi dgi da sd ddn cu cdn sdng dua vao ndng nghidp va ti Id Iao dpng xd hpi Idn nhdt la lao ddng ndng nghiep ddng vai trd quan trpng cho qud trinh cong nghidp hda Trong lien trinh cdng nghiep hda vd hien dgi hda d mdi mdt qude gia dang phat tridn ndng nghiep phdi hoan thanh ba nhiem vu co ban;
• Dam bao cho con ngudi tiep xiic vdi thidn nhien sinh ddng
• Nhdn ban hda va nang cao pham chat cua noi cu tru rpng ldn ban danh cho con ngudi
• Cung cap luong thuc thuc phdm vd cdc nguydn lieu khac can thiet ddi vdi vide dam bdo mpt cupc sdng thda dang
Cd thd thay rdng, dong iy thuydl chii truang kdt hpp hai hda gifla phat tridn ndng nghi?p va cdng nghiep; thanh thi va ndng thon ma dai didn tieu bidu Id
E Schumacher khdng chu truang phan ddi cdng nghidp hda ma chi khdng tan thdnh cong nghidp "hda" bang cdch tan triet mpi nguon lire ndng nghidp - nong thdn Dong ly thuydt nay chu trpng ddn vide phdt tridn cdn doi gifta ndng nghiep
va cdng nghidp hudng den su phat tridn todn dien va bdn vung
4 Ly thuyet phat trien cpng dong
Ly thuydt phat tridn cdng ddng xuat hidn vao nhung ndm 40 ciia the ky XX d cdc nudc tbudc dja cua Anh va chi phd bien d Viet Nam vao nhung thgp ky 60
-70 cua thd ky XX Tuy nhidn uudc dd vao nam 1887, nhd xa hdi hpe ngudi Diic - F Tonnies da cd nhimg quan diem licn quan ddn van de cdng ddng Tonnies chia cac loai
Trang 4hinh xa hpi thanh hai dang: Dgng xd bpi thir
nhat gan nhu cdng ddng tinh bao gdm cac
cpng ddng truydn thdng tidn cdng nghidp vd
tbudc cdc xa hpi ndng nghidp; Dang thir hai
cd tinh hipp hdi gidng cdc cdng ddng tbudc
xa hpi cdng nghiep va dd thi
Ly thuydt phdt trien cpng ddng nhdn
manh ddn qud trinh phat uien kinb td cdng
ddng cung vdi lidn bd van hda xa hdi theo
hudng hoan thidn cac gia tri chdn thidn my
Phdt tridn cpng ddng Id mdt d§c trung ciia
phat Iridn xa hpL la ticn trinh giai quydt
van dd dua trdn phuong phap ludn di tir
dudi Idn xudt phat tir nhu cau ctia chinh
ngudi dan qua dd giup ngudi din tdng
cudng sue mgnh vd kidn thiic ky ndng
phat hipn cdc nhu cau, vdn dd uu tien boa
chiing huy dpng cac ngudn iuc bdn trong
va ngodi cpng ddng de giai quyel chiing
Ddng ly thuyet nay chu truang phai tridn
cdng ddng la phdt trien con ngudi vd vl
con ngudi, hudng den su cdng bdng tinh
ben vimg Ve co ban ndn tang ctia ly
thuydt phdt trien cpng ddng dua trdn ba
nguydn ly; tinh tuong ddi ciia phdt trien
cdng ddng; tinh da dang cua cdng dong:
tinh ben \'ttng ciia phdt tridn cpng ddng
vdi nhihig mye lidu cin hudng den:
• Cai thipn chat lupng sdng cpng ddng
can bdng cd vat chat vd tinh thdn qua
dd tgo sp chuydn bidn trong cpng ddng
• Tgo sy binh dang trong vide Iham gia
cdc hogt ddng phat trien cdng ddng giua
cac nhdm xd hdi chu y nhieu ddn cdc
nhdm thi^t thdi qua dd ddy manh cdng
bang xa hpi
• Cling cd cac thidt che td chirc xd hdi dd
tao Ihudn lpi Uong chuven bidn xd hdi
vd su tang uudng
• Thu hilt su tham gia tdi da cua ngudi
dan vdo tidn trinh phdt tridn
• Giup cpng dong tir linh trang kem phdt
tridn, khdng tu gidi quydl dupc cac vdn
de eiia hp tien Idi tu luc, tu cudng
5 Ly thuyet d i n tuy mdi (neo -populism)
Ly diuyet nay gdn lien vdi ten tudi ciia A y Tchayanov M Lipton vdi quan diem de cao vai trd cua nong nghiep va ndng thdn ca ngpi viec duy tri ldi sdng ndng thdn va san xudt ndng nghidp Phe phdn qud trinh cdng nghidp hda tren quy
md ldn dem Igi nhihig thipt hai Idn han cho
xa hdi; cdng nghipp hda chi Iam lpi cho thanh thi vd chii nghTa thyc dan phuang Tdy Idm tan ra ndng thdn
Cdc nhd \^ thuyet theo quan didm
dan tiiy mdi hudng den chii truang;
• Xay dung cac xi nghipp quy md nho
• Duy tri ndng nghiep vd san xuat li^u ihii cdng nghidp
• Duy tri Idng mac va cdc thdnh phd nhd
• Phdn phdi ciia cai va lpi tiic cho cdng bdng Nhd dan tiiy A V Tchayanov qua hai lac phdm ndi lidng: "Chuyen di ciia anh ldi Alexis den xir sd ctia nhung ngudi ndng dan khdng tudng" (1920) va "Ly thuydl vd kinb td ndng nghipp" (1966)
da khdng djnh mdi trudng ndng thdn vd
sp phdt tridn eiia nd dd mang Igi nhflng gia tri tich cue cho xa hpi: san xuat cdng nghipp da tao ra mdt tang Idp cdng nhan d cdc dd thj it tinh sdng tgo vdi cac hdnh vi
rap khudn, may mdc; nen sdn xudt ndng
nghiep, trdn co sd gia dinh cho phep ca nhan ly the hien minh ngudi ndng dan la mpt tdc nhan sang tao
Cd thd thdy rang, chu truong duy tri ndng thdn cua cac nha dan tiiy mdi cung mang Igi hidu qua nhu: mdt vdi lang mac
d chdu A Phi van cdn giii dupc tinh cdng dong; cdng bdng xa hoi d ndng thdn Tuy nhien phan ldn ndng thdn vdn tri trd, chdm phat trien; sy bdt binh ddng vd phan hda giau ngheo vdn ldn lgi; chinh sach cdng nghiep hda khdng chi cd lpi cho thanh thj
ma cdn cd lpi cho ndng thdn
Trang 56 Ngoai cac dong ly thuyet ca ban
neu trSn, trong Dbnng nam gan day
gioi ngbien cvu con dd cap din quan
diem cila Andrew Shepherd (1998) vk
sur chuyin ddi khung mdu ly thuyhphdt
triin ndng nghifp - ndng thon
Thuc chat cua quan diem nay Id
vipc chuydn tir sy phdt tridn cdng nghe
bdng ky thudt cdng nghiep vdi lpi nhu?in
tdi da sang quan didm toan thd, phdt tridn
bdn viing: tir ky tri, khdng cd su tham gia ngudi dan sang vide md rdng su tham gia cua ngudi ddn vdo qud trinh phat tridn; tii su kiem sodt ngudn lyc bdng cdc Id chiic rdng ldn dupc thay bdng cac
to chitc dia phuong, cpng ddng ban dia Tdc gia dd dua ra mpt bang cdc chi bdo
dd so sdnh khung mdu cu vdi khung mdu mdi trong phdt trien ndng nghiep - ndng thdn ngay nay;
K h u o g m a a CN
- T&ng Irudng kinh te mpi gia
- Nha nuoc dpe quyin phan phoj lai
' Nha nuoc bao c i p an sinh x3 hpi
- Nha nuac bao cap doanb nghidp nho
- Chinh phu quy djnh chi lieu kinh te gia trj v£t
the cua sir phat tri£n
-•Vai tro cua nha nuoc: san xuat, cung (nig va dieu
tiet vT mo
- K.e hoach hoa la trung iam cua tu duy
- Phan cap td chiic nhlm thuc h i ^ cac ke ho£ich
- Chuyen giao cong nghf tir nuac giau sang
mnic ngheo
K b u n g mau mdi
- Tang truong ben vihig, bao v? moi trudng, hoa btnh
- Qua Irinh md rpng sir tham gia
- Phat trien thiet che an sinh )u hpi <l|a phuang
- Moi tnrong 190 dieu kien cho tdng truong doanh nghidp
- Nhan dSn quyet djnh 5\f phat trien da dien va cac
gia trj phi vat the -Vai tro cua nha mroc: kien tao khuon khd phap
ly phan quyen va khuyen khich cac hiep hpi
- Lupng hoa la qua trinh tmng tam cua tit duy
- To chuc hpe hoi khong phan cap
- Coi trpng ki^n ihi'rc v i c6ng ngh? ban dja: phat (rien cong nghf co sir tham gia cua ngucri dan Nhu vdy cd thd thdy rdng, co sd li?
thuydt cua khung mdu mdi theo Andrew
Shepherd (1998) vdn dya trdn ndn tang ba
ly diuydt trong qud trinh phdt tridn ndng
nghipp - ndng thdn, dd la ly thuyet hiin dgi
lida, ly thuyit ve s^phu thugc, ly thuyil ve
s\r kem phdt trien trong hi thong thi gidi
IL Cic cbu dd vi hp van de ngiiien ciru
Hipn nay, nhiing nghien ciiu xd hpi
hpe lien quan den vdn de tam ndng can
1 Mdi tuong quan va tuong tdc gifira
xa hOi ndng thdn vdi mdi trutmg cua nd bao gdm: mdi trudng do thj, xd hdi tdng the: cdng nghipp hda ndng nghidp va hidn dai hda ndng thdn
2 Cdc quan hp npi tai cua xd hdi ndng thdn: vi thd vd vai trd ciia cdc chu the x3 hpi a ndng thdn; cdc van dd nhan quydn nhdn dgo: khoang cdch giau ngheo va bdt binh ddng xa hdi trong khu vuc udng thdn; tinh tranh thieu viec Iam, that nghiep, ci
Trang 63 Cdc van de lidn quan ddn ndn ldng
xa hpi d ndng thdn nhu: vdn hda, gido due,
CO cau xd hdi, td chiic, qudn ly nong Ihdn
4 Cdc vdn dd lien quan den phuc Ipi
xa hpi, khiing hoang xa hpi va dich vu xd
hpi d ndng Ihdn
Theo To Duy Hpp (2006), nhung
nghien ciiu xd hdi hoc ndng thdn cd thd xoay
quanh cdc chii dd va he van de nghien ciiu:
• Dgc didm hdnh dgng xd hdi nong thon,
Su bien ddi hanh ddng xa hpi ndng Ihdn
Ihdi ky Doi mdi
• V>he diem ca cdu ddn sd ndng thdn.Y)oi\g,
Ihai dan sd ndng thdn thdi ky Ddi mdi
• Ddc diem ca cdu lao dgng viec ldm nghi
nghiip ndng thdn Dpng thdi lao ddng,
vide lam ndng thdn thdi ky Doi mdi
• Ddc didm phdn tdng xa hgi ndng thon
Phdn hda giau - ngheo ca cdu giai tang
vd di ddng xd hpi d nong thdn Viet Nam
thdi ky Ddi radi
• Dac dicm thiit che kinh li ndng thdn Su
chuyen ddi kinh te ndng nghidp vd kinh
Id nong thdn Viet Nam thdi ky Ddi mdi
• Dac diem thiit chi gia dinh ndng thdn
Sy bidn doi gia dinh vd ddng hp nong
thdn Viel Nam thdi kv Ddi mdi
• Dgc didm thiit chi gido duc ndng thon
sy chuyen ddi giao due dao tao ndng
Ihdn Viet Nam Irong thdi ky Ddi mdi
• Dac didm thiit che y ti ndng thdn Su
chuydn ddi y td chdm sdc siic khde ndng
Ihdn Viet Nam trong thdi ky ddt mdi
• Dgc diem thiet chi chinh tri nong thdn
Su bidn ddi thidt chd chinh iri ndng thdn
thdi ky Ddi mdi
• Ddc diem cdc td chirc ddn sir ndng thdn
Su hinh thdnh xa hdi ddn sy d ndng thdn
Viet Nam thdi ky Ddi mdi
• Cgng dong ndng thdn - sy thdng nhdt va
da dgng van hda va vdn minh Dac didm
bidn ddi Idng - xa ndng thdn Vict Nam
thdiky Ddi mdi
• Ddc diem biin ddi xd bgi ndng thdn
Ddnh gid thdnh lyu va hgn che cua thdi
ky Ddi mdi ndng thdn Viet Nam
• Dac diem cdc vdn di xd hot cita khu xd
ndng thon Cac van de xd hdi nay sinh
bijc xuc cua khu xa ndng thdn Vict Nam thdi ky Ddi mdi
• D^c diem van hoa mdi tnrdng Su
chuyen ddi van bda mdi trudng ndng thdn thdi ky Ddi mdi
• Ddc diem an sinh xd hgi ndng thon Sy
hinh Ihdnh he thdng an sinh xd hpi ndng thdn thdi k^" D6i mdi
• Chiin licgc phdt trien nong thdn ben
vimg - muc tieu, gidi phdp, kich ban
thich hpp
IIL Ket Luan Trong thdi gian tdi, khu vyc ndng nghiep - nong thdn van giii vai trd chii dgo trong qud trinh cdng nghiep boa hidn dai hda d nudc ta Cd thd vdn dung cac
ly thuydt phat Iridn ndng nghiep - ndng ihon d phuong Tay vao trudng bop cu the ciia Viet Nam tuy nhidn khdng cd mdt Iy thuydl duy nhdt ndo phii hop cho trudng hpp ndng thdn Met Nam bdi vi ndng thdn nudc ta qud phirc tgp so vdi cac chii thuydl phdi Iridn ndng nghidp - ndng Ihdn hidn nay d phuang Tay Van dd la chiing ta cdn phdi biet long - lich hpp hat nhan hop ly ciia cac Iy thuydt phdi tridn xa hpi ndng Ihdn, dgc biel Id cac Iy thuydt xd hpi hoc
Au - Ml ddng thdi can no lyc xdy dimg cdc ly tbuyet va phucmg phap nghien cini
xd bpi hoc thich hap cho trudng hpp ndng thdn Vidt Nam
Vd mdt ly thuydt chung tdi cho rdng, hudng phat trien ndng nghidp - ndng Ihdn trong thdi gian ldi Id phdi ddy mgnh qua trinh thi Inrdng hda dd thj hoa, cdng nghidp bda, hidn dgi hda cao dp chir klidng phdi Id each mang giai did nong nghidp
- ndng thdn chuyen tbanh xd hdi cdng nghiep - do thi Cdn chu trpng ddu tu ham
Trang 7lupng tri thiic khoa hoc ky thudt nhdm
hien dgi hda ndng nghiep - ndng thon Ben
canh dd, phai ddy nhanh vide xdy dyng cdc
nha mdy xi nghiep quy md nhd d ndng
Ihdn nhdm thu biit lao ddng lai chd, tgo
cdng dn vipc Idm cho ngudi lao dpng trong
thdi gian ndng nhan, hgn chd di ddn Vi§c
chuyen nhanh tir khu vuc nong nghiep
sang khu vuc phi ndng nghidp, chu trpng
phdt trien va kbdi phuc ldng nghd truydn
Ihdng va phat tridn du lich ndng thdn cung
Id mpt Irong nhu'ng yeu td then chdt bao
dam viec xay dyng thanh cdng chinh sach
tam ndng d nudc ta hidn nay
Ve mat nghidn ciiu phdt tridn khu
vuc nong nghidp - ndng thon cdn chii
trpng ddn cdc chii dd va hp vdn dd sau:
Chu dd va vdn dd nghidn ciru ca ban:
chu Irpng nghien ciru vd su chuydn ddi
hinh Ihai kinh te - xa hdi ndng thdn trong
xu the hdi nhap qude Id va todn cdu hda
Chil dd vd van de nghien ciiu iing
dyng: chii trpng van dd bidn ddi tam ndng
id chuc va phat tridn cdng ddng, xd hdi dan
su an sinh xd hdi tam ndng, cac van dd xd
hpi tam ndng
Chii de vd vdn de nghien cuu tridn
khai: chu trpng ddn cdc du dn xda ddi giam
ngheo; phdt trien cdng ddng cd sy tham gia
ngudi dan; dy an nang cao ndng lyc quan
ly ndng thdn
TAI LI$U THAM KHAO
1 Biii Quang Dung (2007), "Xd hdi hgc
ndng thon " NXB KHXH HN
2 Piere Gourou (2003) "Ngudi ndng
ddn chdu thd Bdc ky Nghien ciru dia
ly nhdn vdn ", NXB Tre
3 Benedict J.Tria Kcrkvliet, James Scott Nguydn Ngpc va Do Diic Dinh
suu tdm va gidi thidu (2000), "Mgt
so vdn de ndng nghiep, nong ddn
vd ndng thdn a cdc nudc vd a Viet
A'flm",NxbTG.HN
4 Nguydn Xudn NghTa (1997), Bai
gidng; "'Xa hdi hgc ndng thdn vd mot
sd vdn di xd hgi a ndng thon Viet Nam '\ Dgi hpe Md Tp HCM
5 Adrew Shepherd (1998),
"Sustaina-ble Rural Development", MacMillan
Press Ltd, London
6 Td Duy Hop (1997) "Xd hdi hgc
nong thdn " Nxb KHXH HN
7 Td Duy Hpp (2006), Bai gidng: "Xd
hgi hgc ndngthdn ", DHKHXH&NV
Tp HCM
8 Td Duy Hop va Luong Hdng Quang
(2000), "Phdt frien cgng ddng - ly
thuyet vd van dimg ", Nxb Van hda
-Thdng tin
9 Vien xa hdi hpe (2004) "Nhfrng
nghien ciru chgn lge vi xd hgi hgc nong Ihdn " Nxb KHXH Ud Ndi
10 Bob Warner (2001), "Rural devel-opment and off farm employment", UNDP, Hanoi