Dien hinh cd the ke ddn cac quy dinh ea ban sau: Trudc het, quy dinh quyen cua cdng dan "dupe sdng, Iam vide tiong mdi trudng khdng ed khdi thude la" da chinh thdc dupc ghi nhan tai Didu
Trang 1NANG GAD NHAN THDC IA MOT TRDNG NHDNG
0AM DAD DOAN TRONG CHO HI[DlllG,Hl!DDDACilAlDAT
PHONG, CHONG TAC HAI CDA THHOGIA
0 'f r ' V ^ PHAM THI DUYtN THAO*
Ctic nghien ciJu da chi ra rang, khi da nghien thuoc la, cd the con ngifdi se tr6 nen thu dong va phu thuoc vao cac chat hoa hoc trong thuoc la Va khi ngifng sCr dung thuoc la, co the se dan den buon chan, that vpng, tham chf co the tram cam va cang thang keo dai Do do, bo thuoc la la viec khong dOn gian,
can phai co quyet tam cao, du'dc ho trd tii nhieu phia Oieu nay cung dong
nghTa vdi cong tac phong, chong tac hai (PCTH) ciia thuoc la se con rat nhieu kho khan, doi hoi phai co su' no li/c khong ngutig ciJa moi quoc gia, cgng dong,
xa hoi tren tat ca cac phu'dng dien tii phap luat, kinh te cho den nang cao nhan thCrc cua ngiiHi dan 6 Viet Nam, tac hai cua thuoc la ngay cang du'dc nhan
thCrc ro hdn, cong tac PCTH cua thuoc la cung ngay cang du'dc coi trpng
1 Phap lu|t vl phong, chong tac hai cua ng4y 14/11/2013 Quy djnh xu phat vi pham thuoc IS fr Vi?t Nam htoh chinh trong linh vvtc y tS; Quy6t dinh Din thai diim hien tai, Viet Nam da ban s6 229/QD-TTg cua Thu tuong Chinh phii hanh hing tram van ban quy pham phap luat ban hanh ngay 25/01/2013 phS duy?t cac loji lien quan din PCTH cua thuoc la "Chiln lu<?c qudc gia PCTH thudc la din Cac van ban nhu Chi thi s6 368/TTg cua nam 2020", djic bift la Luat PCTH ciia Thu tudng Chinh phu ban hanh ngay thudc la dupc ban hanh ngay 18/6/2012, c6 22/6/1995 vl Thvc hanh tilt kiem, chdng hi$u l\ic thi hanh tir ngay 1/5/2013 vdi 5 lang phi trong cac co quan nha nudc, Ivtc chuang, 35 dilu da tao thanh mpt he thong lupng vu trang, doan thi, doanh nghidp nha ph4p luat kha day du vl PCTH cua thudc la nudc; Nghi quylt sd 12/2000/NQ-CP ciia HS thing phap luat nay ngay cang dupc Chlnh phu ban hanh ngay 14/8/2000 vl hoan thifn, ddng thdi thi hi$n dp tuong Chinh sich qudc gia PCTH cua thudc la giai thich kha cao so vdi Cdng udc Khung vl
d o ^ 2000-2010; Nghj dinh sd Kilm soat thudc 14 (Cdng udc FCTC) mi 176/2013/NB-CP ciia Chinh phu ban hanh Vidt Nam da tham gia'
* TS Khoa Lu$t,B9i hpc Quoc gia Ha N^i
I Ng^y 11/11/2004, Viit Nam da phe diuan Cdng U'dC l<hung^Klgm soat thuoc la aia TS chii'c Yte the giS, Cdng u&c^ c6 hi^ /yt tai Viet Nam tif ngay 17/3/2005 Nguon: hap://vin3cosh.gov.vn/vi/cong-uac-khung/gioi-thieu/ (truy cSp ng^ 17/9/201S)
I n v n H M Ciiru ,
I L A P P H A P - / ^ 20 (300) T10/2015
<s
Trang 2Didu dd the hidn nhiing bude tidn dang
ghi nhan tiong cdng tae lap phap eua Viet
Nam, thd hifn nhan tiidc dung dan cua Dang,
Nha nudc ve tae hai ciia tiiudc la ciing nhu
ydu ciu va tkm quan tipng cua vide PCTH
cua thudc la tiong edng ddng Dien hinh cd
the ke ddn cac quy dinh ea ban sau:
Trudc het, quy dinh quyen cua cdng dan
"dupe sdng, Iam vide tiong mdi trudng
khdng ed khdi thude la" da chinh thdc dupc
ghi nhan tai Didu 7 Lugt PCTH cua thudc la
nam 2012 Quy dinh nay la su the ehe hda
quyen "dupc sdng tiong mdi trudng tiong
lanh" tgi Didu 43 Hien phap hifn hanh, ddng
thdi chinh la vide ndi luat hda cae cam kdt
tiong cac cdng ude qudc te ma Viet Nam la
thanh vidn: "Cae qudc gia thanh vien thua
nhgn quyen ciia mpi ngudi dupc hudng mdt
tidu chuan sdc khde ve the chat va tinh than
d mdc cao nhat cd thd dupc" (khoan 1 Didu
12 Cdng udc ve cac Quyen kinh te, xa hpi,
van hda nam 1966) Bdn canh dd, Luat
PCTH cua thudc la nam 2012 cdn cd nhieu
quy dinh cu thd de cap den tiach nhifm cua
eac ca quan nha nudc, td chue xa hdi tiong
quan ly, thdng tin, giao due, truyen thdng, hd
tip cai nghifn thudc la, phdng chdng thude
la nhgp lau, thudc la gia, xd ly vi pham phap
luat vd PCTH cua thudc la Hai npi dung nay
se la hai tn^e ca ban dinh hudng qua trinh
ban hanh van ban hudng dan, quy dinh chi
tiet, ciing nhu td chdc thuc hifn cac quy dinh PCTH cua thudc la tiong thuc tien
Vd chinh sach thud va gia ddi vdi thudc
la Ndu nhu d Nghi quyet sd 12 cua Chinh phu
ve Chinh saeh qude gia PCTH eua thudc la giai doan 2000-2010 quy dinh "chinh sach thud ddi vdi cac san pham thudc la ludn ludn can d mdc ihu cao" thi d Lugl PCTH eua tiiudc la nam 2012, chinh sach thud dupc xac dinh phai "phu hpp nham de giam ty If su dung thudc la" (khoan 2 Dieu 4) Trdn tinh than dd, mue thue tieu thu dac bift ddi vdi thudc la didu, xi ga va cac chd^&m khac td cay thudc la hifn tgi dupe quy dinh la 65% Mdc thud danh vao mat hang nay "td ngay 01/01/2016ddnhdt31/12/2018sela70%"va
"hi ngay 01/01/2019 se la 75%" (Didu 7 Luat siia ddi, bd sung mdt sd didu cua Lual Thue tidu thu dgc bift nam 2014) Vdi mdc thud va
lp trinh tang thue hifn lai, gia ban le thudc la san xuat ttong nudc cua Viet Nam van chua vao mdc cao bdi khi tang thud thdm 20%, c^c yeu td khae khdng ddi, gia ban le ciing se chi tang khoang 10%^ Dieu nay cho thay, Nha nudc ta da ed su can nhac, tinh toan vd tuong quan giua vifc sd dung cdng cu thud de kidm chd tde hai cua thudc la vdi vifc se iing phd vdi sir gia tang cua thudc la nhap lau, do xu hudng ngudi tidu dung chuyen sang su dung thude la lau cd gia re han gia thude la san xuit tiong nudc nhu bai hpc da thay d khdng it qude gia^
Chudng binh PCTH thudc la quoc gia (VINACOSH): Hoi dap re PCTH da thudc la tai Wet Nam, tr 23
T^l Malaixia, nim 2010, thueb'iu Oiu die biit vdi thuSc la ting 182% so vdi nim 2004, thuoc la hdp phip lid nen qui dit dd vdi ngW^ tiiu dtfng, thuoc la bat hdp phap tSng tu' 14,4% nam 2004 len den 34,5% trong nam 2012 vdi ty le san phim bit hdp phap cao nhat di/dc ghi nhan la d mtfc 37,5% trong nam 2009 Trong eung thdi gian (2004-2012), tsng khoi ludng diu tfiy thuSc li htfp phip eiing giam gin 30%; Tai Ailen, sau khi ting gii khoang 20% bong khoang 2006-2009 khit^l$ hut thuSc khSng Oiay tffiJ; d Dtfe, ttf tiling 4 nam 2002 d&i than^ 1 nim 2007, diinh phu Dtfc thgt hiin mot loat trin gii tri dieu ehinh Ipm phat thut te Di§u niy khuy&i khidi mgt sS ngUdl biu dimg chuyen sang cic nguon bit hdp phap va/ho$c hang qua biin gidi c6 gii ri hdn DtfiikiDtfan Ngoi sao cua KPMG (2013) dio diay khoi ludng diu thu san phim da dong Oiuid nudc ngoii ting tif 7% nim 2002 len gan 20% nSm 2006 Viee chuyin sang cac nguon thuic la bit hdp phip, rihdndio thay ty 1$ ngudi hut thuoc chi sut giim diut it (27,2% nam 2005 so vdi 27,4% nim 2003 vi 28,3% nim 1999) (Til ll$u: Trung tim DSu Of & Thuequan Quoc te(mc), thing 9 nam 2013, Bio cao die biet)
— , HeHiENcinii 1.7
Trang 3Luat PCTH cua thudc la nam 2012
khdng quy dinh phai in ham lupng tar va
nicotine tren nhan bao thudc la la hoan toan
phu hpp vdi khuydn cao cua Cdng udc
FCTC, tranh dupc vifc ngudi sd dung hieu
la nen chpn nhiing logi cd ham lupng tar va
nicotine thip, se giam tac hgi sue khde cho
ngudi su dyng hern khi su dung logi ed h ^
lupng tar va nicotine caọ Bdn canh đ, lp
trinh giam lupng tar xudng cdn < 12mg/dieu,
nicotine < Img/didu vao giai doan
2010-2015 va giai dogn 2010-2015-2020 cua Bd Cdng
thuang quy dinh tiong Quyet dinh sd
1988/QD-BCT ngay 1/4/2013 ciing se ii mpt
trong nhiing bien phap can thidt nham han
ehd tac hgi cua thudc la d Vift Nam
Nhiing quy dinh tiong Lugt PCTH ciia
thudc ii nam 2012 nhu phai in canh bdo sdc
khde bang chu va hinh anh vdi difn chi^m it
nhat 50% mdi mat chinh trudc va sau tidn
bao, hit, hop thudc la, đng thdi tiao cho
Chinh phu quydn quy dinh cy the mue tang
didn tich canh bao sue khde phu hop vdi
tiing thdi ky ^ i d u 15); quy dinh sd lupng
dieu thude la đng gdi ttong mdi bao khdng
dupe it hon 20 dilu (trd thudc la xi ga va
thudc dupc san xuit đ xuit khiu); quy dinh
vd hop tac qudc td ttong PCTH ciia tiiudc Id
(Didu 8); quy dinh cam quang cdo, khuyen
mai thudc la, tiep thi thudc la true tidp tdi
ngudi tieu dung, cim ngudi chua du 18 tudi
su dyng, mua, ban thudc Id; quy dinh vife
cam bdn, cung cap thudc la cho ngudi chua
du 18 tudi (Didu 9); quy dinh dia didm cim
hut thudc la hoan toan; dia didm cam hut
thuoc Id ttong nha nhung dupc phep cd nai
danh ridng eho ngudi hut thu6c la (Dieu
11); cho thiy, Vift Nam da fli\re su vi lpi
ich sue khde cua cpng đng ttong qua trinh hifn th\rc hda cdc khuydn cao va cam kdt qudc td tiong Cong udc FCTC, chd khdng phdi la s\r tham gia mdt cdch hmh thdc
Vd vide tiianh lap Quy PCTH cua tiiudc
Id Quy qude gia vd PCTH cua thudc Id chinh thdc dupc ghi nhgn tiong Luat PCTH ciia thudc la nam 2012 Cae quy dinh ve dia vi phdp ly cua Quy la mdt didu kifn dam bao quan trpng vd mat tai chinh cua cdng tac PCTH cua thudc Id Trude đy, kinh phi cho cdng tdc nay chu yeu phu thupc vdo cac ngudn tai ttp qudc td (khoang 90%, chi cd 10
% tu kinh phi ho ttp ciia Chinh phu)'* nen khd
hi dfng, khd tiln hdnh d^ng bd, thudng xuydn, hifu qua khdng eaọ Vdi quy djnh mdi cua Lugt PCTH cua thudc la nam 2012, ngudn kinh phi ciia Quy dupc hinh thanh chu ydu td "khodn đng gdp bat budc ciia ca sd san xuat, nhgp khau thudc Id dupe tinh theo
ty If phan ttam tten gia tinh thue tidu thy dgc bift, theo Id tiinh: 1% tii ngdy 1/5/2013; 1,5% hi ngay 1/5/2016; 2% tu ngay 1/5/2019 Khoan đng gdp bat bupc dupc khai, npp cung vdi thud tidu thy dac bift do
ca sd sdn xuit, nhdp khiu thuoe la ty khai,
ty tinh, tu nop vao tai khoan cua Quy"; ngoai
ra cdn "tu cdc ngudn tdi tip, đng gdp ty nguyfn cua ca quan, td chdc, cd nhan tiong
va ngodi nude; eung nguon thu hpp phdp khde" (khoan 1 Didu 30 Ludt PCTH cua thuoc Id nam 2012) Cde quy dinh nay khdng chi phdt huy dupc sdc mgnh xa hdi hda, tap hpp dupc kmh phi tu nhieu ngu6n khdc nhau ttong cdng đng ma quan tipng han, cdn bdt bupc dupe ca sd san xuit, nhap khiu thuoc
Id vd dgc bift la ban than nhiing ngudi tiyc tidp sd dung tiiudc la cd ttdch nhifm vat ehit
4 Xem thim Chudng binh PCTH thuSc li quoc gia (VINACOSH): Hdi dip wS PCTH aJa thuoc la tai Wit Nam, tr 23
5 Xem them Vu Ếnh Quyen, Luat PCTH eua thuoc la-cdsd fOiip ly quan trgng dibiov^sut Idide c0ng dong
/ Q I NttHlkN CUU
Trang 4ve hanh vi gay hgi eho sue khde cdng ddng
td vifc san xuit va sd dyng thudc la cua hp
"Giup hp nhgn thdc mgnh me hon dnh hudng
cua vide hut thudc la ddi vdi bdn than va xa
hpi, tu do cd the giam dan hodc khdng sd
dyng thudc la "^
Phdp lugt PCTH cua thudc Id ciing da de
cgp va de cao trach nhifm cua nhiing ngudi
ddng dau ca quan, td chuc, dia phuang ttong
PCTH ciia thudc Id; dd cao trach nhifm cua
ngudi dung dau, ngudi qudn ly dia diem cam
hut thu6c la Trong cdng tac thdng tin, gido
dye, truyen thdng, ttdch nhifm eua Bd Y te,
Bd Thdng tin va Truyen thdng, Bp Van hda,
Thd thao va Du lich, Bp Cdng thuang, Bd
Gido dye va Dao tgo, Uy ban nhdn dan cdc
cdp, Mgt Iran Td qudc Vift Nam da dupc quy
dinh cu thd, tien co sd linh vyc hogt dpng
lidn quan, chuc nang nhifm vu hoge phgm vi
dnh hudng cua ca quan, td chuc, dan vi
minh
Nhu vdy, cd thd thiy, vd ca bdn, phap
lugt, dge bidt la Lugt PCTH cua thudc Id nam
2012 phu hpp vdi ydu eiu PCTH cua thudc
Id d Vift Nam, tuang thich vdi Cdng udc
FCTC vd xu hudng chung cua qudc td
2 Nhung khd khan trong vifc th\rc hidn
phap lugt phdng, ch6ng tdc hgi cua
thu6c Id
Ndu so sanh myc tidu gidm ty If ngudi
sd dyng thuoc Id md Nhd nudc dd ra ttong
Chinh sdch qudc gia PCTH cua thudc Id giai
dogn 2000-2010 (tgi Nghi quydt 12 nam
2000 cua Chinh phu): "Giam ty If nam gidi
hut thudc la tu 50% xudng cdn 20%, giam ty
If nu hut thuoc la xudng dudi 2%; giam ty Id
thanh thilu nidn (td 15 - 24 tudi) hut thudc
Id tu 26% xudng 7%" vdi cung myc tieu ndy
d Chien lupc qudc gia PCTH cua thudc Id
ddn nam 2020 (tiieo Quydt dinh sd
229/QD-TTg, ngay 25/1/2013 eua Thu tudng Chinh
phu): nam gidi td 47,4% nam 2011 xudng
39% nam 2020; nii gidi xudng dudi 1,4%;
thanh thidu nidn (hi 15 ddn 24 tudi) tii 26% nam 2011 xudng 18% nam 2020, se tiiay dupc thdnh tuu chung ta dgt dupc tiong han mpt thgp ky PCTH cua thude la khidm tdn nhu the nao
Lugt PCTH cua thudc la nam 2012 cung
da dupe trien khai thi hanh gan 03 nam Cdc hogt dpng PCTH cua thudc Id dupc khdi dpng lgi va tidp tyc dupc tridn khai vdi nhieu hinh thdc vd cdp dp Da so cdc bd, ngdnh, ca quan, dan vi, cdc dia phuang, cdc dia didm cdng cdng deu da cd nhiing dpng thdi nhat dinh dd PCTH ciia thudc la, td vide tridn khai ede md hmh khdng khdi thudc, ehan ehinh
nd ndp hogt ddng cua cdn bd, cdng nhan vien tiong co quan dan vi, hifn thuc hda cac quy dinh vd eim hut thudc Id nai cdng cpng, kidm soat vife qudng cdo khuydn mgi thudc
Id, xay dung, thanh lap cdc ca sd, trung tdm eai nghidn, thyc hifn cdc boat dpng thdng tin, truydn thdng vd thudc Id eho den cdc hpi thao chuyen sau vd cdc bifn phdp PCTH cua thudc Id Tuy nhidn, vifc trien khai thi hanh Luat van cdn nhieu hgn chd Theo mft ket qua ddnh gid vifc trien khai quy dinh cam hut thude la nai cong cpng cua Hdi Y td cdng cpng Vift Nam tgi 5 tinh/thdnh phd Id Hd Ndi, Thai Binh, Ddng Thdp, Ha Tinh vd Khdnh Hda dupc tien hanh tiong thdng 4/2013 tiii: vifc su dung tiiudc Id d nai cdng
sd cd gidm, nhung "tgi bdn xe, nha ga mde
dp vi pham van cdn cao (92%), vifc vi phgm tgi ca sd y td Id 74,7% va trudng hpc Id 63,8%.", ty If nam gidi sd dyng thudc Id cd tinh van d mdc gin 45%, tinh trgng hut thude tai phdng lam vifc vdn cdn rat phd bien vdi khodng 43,4% ngay cd khi cd bien bdo cim hut thudc va khoang 32,4% vi phgm do khdng tiiiy cd ngudi xu phgt Nhung quy dinh nhu cam bdn, cung cap thudc Id eho ngudi dudi 18 tudi, cam bdn thudc Id d nhiing dia diem nhu phia ngodi cdng nha ttd, miu gido, trudng tieu hpc, trung hpc ca sd,
NtHIIlN CUUI 1,11
Trang 5THU'C TIEN PHAP LUAT
phd thdng trung hpc, bfnh vifn hiu nhu
khdng dupc thyc hifn
Hifn nay, cdng tdc thyc hidn phdp lugt
vd PCTH cua thudc Id cdn gap rat nhieu khd
Idian, dd la khd khan tu kinh phi td ehue thyc
hifn, kinh nghifm, ngudn nhan luc thuc hidn,
ddn nhung ban ehe ttong nhan thdc vd tdc hai
cua thudc la cua ngudi dan, dgc bidt la ban
ehd ttong nhgn thdc ve phdp lugt PCTH ciia
thude Id
Thu nhdt, ngudi ddn gin nhu khdng
quan tam nhieu hoac khdng nhgn thde dupc
hdt eac khia cgnh cua quyen dupc sdng, lam
vifc ttong mdi trudng khdng cd khdi thudc
Id Quyen "dupc sdng, lam vifc tiong mdi
trudng khdng cd khdi thuoc Id" dupe quy
dinh cy the tgi Didu 7 Luat PCTH cua thudc
Id nam 2012 Day la quy dinh mang tinh bao
qudt nhat, chi phoi vd Id ca sd cua tat cd cdc
quy dinh khdc cua phap lugt lien quan den
PCTH cua thuoc Id Quy dinh ndy cd ngudn
gde viing ehac td mpt quydn can ban eua con
ngudi da dupe phap lugt nhan quyen quoc td
vd hdu het cdc quoc gia thda nhan, dd la
quydn dupc sdng ttong mdi trudng tiong
Ianh 6 gde dp quan hf phdp luat, thi quydn
dupc sdng, lam vide tiong mdi trudng khdng
cd khdi thudc la thupe logi quan hf phdp lugt
chung - quan hf giua mdt ben la nhirng cdng
dan vd mdt bdn Id Nha nude, quan hf ndy
phdt smh tu thdi diem quy dinh cua phdp lugt
vd quyen ndu ttdn cda cdng dan cd hifu lye
Theo dd, npi ham quydn dupe song, ldm vifc
ttong mdi trudng khong cd khdi thudc la cua
cdng ddn ttong mdi quan hf vdi Nha nudc,
se gdm vifc cd dupe nhung kha nang sau: i)
cdng dan cd quydn lya chpn sdng, lam vifc
ttong mdi trudng khdng cd khdi thudc la hay
khdng; ii) cong dan cd quyen ydu cau Nha
nudc thyc hifn cdc hdnh ddng dd khdng phdi
sdng, lam vifc tiong mdi trudng cd khdi
thudc Id; iii) edng ddn ed quyen ydu eiu Nhd
nudc phdi chiu ttach nhifm ndu vi phgm
Ml N G H I t N CUU /—
nghia vu ddm bao cho cdng ddn dupc song, lam vifc tiong mdt mdi trudng khdng cd khdi thudc Id Tuy nhidn, ttong thyc te, ngudi ddn gan nhu khdng quan tam nhieu hoge khdng nhgn thue dupc hdt cac khia cgnh cua quydn dupe sdng, lam vide ttong mdi trudng khdng cd khdi thudc Id Bidu hifn d vifc rit
it trudng hpp ngudi dan hifn thyc hda kha nang hudng quydn nay cua hp tiong thyc te bdng cdc hdnh vi ehu ddng, tich eye Ma thudng chi bidu hidn d vide dua ra nhiing nhdn xet, nhiing phdn hdi khi dupc lay y kien tiong cac cudc khdo sdt, tham dd Hen quan ddn PCTH cua tiiudc la
Thie hai, nhgn thuc ve ttdch nhifm eua
cdc chu thd mang quydn lyc nhd nudc tiong PCTH cua thudc Id vdn cdn hgn ehe Ddi vdi nhiing nhdm chd the nay thi frdch nhifm ludn phdi Id pham tru dupc tilp can d hai goc df: i) trdch nhidm Id tipng frdch, nghia vy phai thyc hien nhiing edng vifc, hanh vi mang tinh tich eye ma Nhd nudc giao - day vda la ttdch nhifm cdng vu vda la quyen ma cae ehu thd khdc khdng cd; ii) ttdch nhifm la
sy gdnh chiu nhung hdu qud bat lpi ma Nha nude dy kien dp dung neu eae chu thd ttdn vi pham phdp ludt, tiong dd cd vi pham trach nhifm cdng vy - day chinh la frdch nhidm phdp Iy Hai khia egnh frach nhifm ndy ludn phdi di cung vdi nhau, nhu mpt sy tit ylu eua quydn lyc nhd nudc - logi quydn lyc dgc thii von dupc hinh thanh tii cae cam kit trach nhifm cua nhiing ngudi dai difn quyln lyc vdi nhdn dan
Lugt PCTH cua thudc Id nam 2012 da lugt hda cu thd frdch nhifm cdng vy cua nhidu chu the ttong tung ITnh vye edng tdc PCTH cua thuoc Id Ridng khodn 1 Didu 32 Lugt dd cap din trdch nhifm phdp ly cua ngudi cd thim quydn frong Imh vyc xd 1^ vi phgm hanh chinh "neu dung tiing, bao ehe, khdng xd ly hoac xd 1^ khdng kjp thdi, khdng dung quy dinh thi tiiy tiieo tinh chit
Trang 6mdc dp vi phgm ma bi xu ly theo quy dinh
cua phdp lugt" Dieu dd khdng cd nghia Id,
cdc chu the cua tidch nhifm cdng vu cdn Igi
khdng dupe Lugt dl cap din khdng mang
ttach nhifm phap Ij^ Tuy vay, mdt thyc te dd
nhdn thiy, tiong qud trinh td chuc thyc hidn
cdc quy djnh cua Lugt, tt^h nhifm cua cac
chu thd cd thim quyln hiu nhu chi dupc tidp
cdn d gde dp trdch nhifm cdng vu - dupc xdc
djnh trdn co sd thd manh vd chuc nang, Imh
vyc, pham vi hogt dpng vdn cd cua cdc chu
thd frong tuang quan gan vdi ede ITnh vyc cy
thd cua cdng tdc PCTH cua thudc Id Didn
hinh nhu: Chinh phu thdng nhat qudn Iy nha
nudc chung; Bp Y td chiu ttdch nhifm trudc
Chinh phu thuc hifn qudn ly nha nudc, td
ehuc cung cap thdng tin khoa hpc vd tdc hgi
cua thuoc Id; Bd Thdng tin vd Truydn thdng
td chue chi dgo cdc ea quan thdng tin truydn
thdng thyc hifn hogt ddng thdng tin, truyen
thdng; Bp Cdng thuang cd traeh nhifm phdi
hpp t6 chuc cdng tdc phdng ch6ng, thdng tin,
tuydn truydn ve phdng chdng thudc Id nhgp
lau, thule Id gid; Uy ban nhan dan cdc cdp
thyc hifn quan ly nhd nudc vd PCTH eua
thuoc Id tiong phgm vi dia phuang Vd,
tiong qua trinh thye hifn, eac chu thd cd
trach nhifm ndu frdn Igi dupc quyln tu chu
dpng xay dyng ke hogeh chi tiet, lp trinh,
hinh thdc thyc hifn trdch nhifm - quyen lye
dd eiia minh
Do vgy, vifc thieu vang ca chd chiu tidch
nhifm phdp ly ctia cdc chu the cd thim quydn
ttong cdng tac PCTH cua thudc Id khi hp vi
phgm hoac thuc hifn khdng dgt frach nhifm
cdng vy thdi gian qua Id didu khdng khd de
ly gidi Ddy ciing chinh Id ldi gidi cho tinh
trgng tgi sao nhidu quy dinh cua Lugt PCTH
cua thuic la nam 2012 dupc ban hdnh khd
phu hpp, rit can thilt lai hi nhgn dinh la khd
kha thi (nhu cdc quy dinh cam tgi Dilu 9,
cdc quy dinh vd bdn thudc la tai Dilu 25),
hay tinh frang nhidu chu the td bp, ngdnh,
den Uy ban nhan dan cde cap, ngudi diing
dau, ngudi quan ly dia didm cam hut thudc
Id cho ring, cdng tdc PCTH cua tiiudc la, vifc thuc hifn quy dinh cam hut thudc tgi ncri cdng cpng gap khd khan la vi luc iuong chdc nang thi hdnh nhifm vy xd ly vi phgm qud thidu hoac khdng phu hpp
Ndu nhu trdch nhifm cua cdc chu thi cd thdm quyen dupc nhdn dan, Nha nudc, ban than cdc chu the mang quyln nhdn thdc diy
du, thi cd le, cdc vudng mae nhu van nhac ddn rat nhieu thdi gian qua se dupc nhin nhgn theo mdt hudng khac Dd la vide, moi ehd the, trong mdt chudi frdch nhifm cua cdng tdc PCTH cua thudc Id da Iam het frpng trach dupc giao cua minh hay chua,
vd ndu chua Idm dupc, khdng ldm diing thi
se phai chiu trach nhifm phap Iy nhu thd ndo dd chudi ttdch nhifm chung dd dupc tiep tuc van hanh tdt nhat Vi nhu, ngudi ddng diu, ngudi qudn Iy moi dja diem cam hut thudc la hoan toan ndu Idm hdt frpng trdch cua minh bao gom: "bupc ngudi vi phgm cham diit vifc hut thudc la tgi dia didm cdm hut thudc la; hoac ydu cdu ngudi
vi phgm quy dinh cim hut thudc Id ra khdi
ca sd ciia minh; hoac td chdi tiep hoac cung eip dich vu cho ngudi vi phgm quy dinh cim hut thudc Id ndu ngudi dd tilp tuc vi pham sau khi da dupc nhac nhd" (Dilu 14 Lugt PCTH cua thudc Id nam 2012) thi cd
le khdng can phdi cd thdm quyen hoac sy xuit hifn eua chu thd cd thim quyen xu Iy
vi phgm ddi vdi nhiing trudng hop nay Tuong ty nhu vgy, ndu tdt ca cac chd the mang trdch nhifm, quydn lyc nhd nudc cdn lai thuc hifn dupc hit trpng trdch ciia minh, hidu qua thyc hien phdp lugt PCTH cua thude Id d Vift Nam chae chan se khdng cdn khidm tdn nhu hifn nay, va se bd dupc tinh trgng, cdc chu thd mang quydn ludn chi nhin thiy nhung hgn chl td phia cac chu the mang quyln khdc ttong qua trinh ddnh gia hifu qua thuc hidn phdp lugt PCTH ciia thudc Id
NMIKN CUII F 4
Trang 73 Tiep tifc nang cao nhan thuc vl phong,
chong tdc hgi cua thuoc Id
Trong Imh vue PCTH cua thudc Id, n&ig
cao nhgn thdc vda la gidi phap, lgi vda la
myc dich Ndng cao nhgn thde cin dupc tinh
ddn tiong mpt tdng the, hudng tdi cdc ddi
tupng, tii nhiing ngudi dan khdng sd dyng
thudc Id, nhiing ngudi tryc tidp sd dung
thudc Id eho den nhung ngudi cd thim quyen
frong cdng tdc PCTH cua thudc Id Mdi
nhdm ddi tupng, cin cdch thuc va mdc dp
tdc dpng khdc nhau, cy the:
Mot ldy cdc chu the mang quyen lye nhd
nudc frong cdng tdc PCTH cua thude Id ludn
cdn nhdn thuc va thue hifn fraeh nhifm edng
vu frong sy rdng bupc vdi frdch nhifm phdp
ly cd nhdn 6 gde dp quydn con ngudi dupe
sdng ttong mdi trudng khdng cd khdi thudc
la, ttach nhifm cua Nha nudc chu ydu Id
frdch nhifm chu ddng Trdch nhifm ndy se
bao gdm hdng logt cdc hdnh ddng nham bdo
vf, bao dam eho ngudi dan khdng phdi sdng
ttong mdt mdi trudng cd khdi thudc Id, td
vifc quan ly, tuyen truydn phd bidn, phdng
chdng thudc la nhgp Igu, td chuc cai nghifn
thudc Id ddn xu ly cdc vi pham Vdi dac tinh
chu dpng dd, vifc Nha nudc lgm quydn hoge
khdng thyc hifn bet ede nghia vy la dieu cd
thd xdy ra Trdch nhiem phdp ly khi dd se Id
mpt ddm bdo quan frpng ddi vdi trdch nhifm
cdng vy eua chu thd cd tham quyln
Co sd quan trpng nhdt dd rang bupc frdch
nhifm phdp ly ddi vdi cdc ehu thd cd thim
quydn chinh la phdp ludt va mpt co chd giam
sdt trdch nhifm cdng vy hiiu hifu tu phia
nhdn dan va eae td chuc xa hdi dan sy Vifc
bd sung ro rang, ddng bp ttdch nhifm phdp
ly cho tit cd cdc chu the cd ttach nhifm ttong
cdng tdc PCTH cua thudc Id la can thilt frong
boi canh hifn nay, khi ma nhdn thuc vd trdch
nhifm nhd nudc chua thyc su dupc toan
difn Lich su lap phdp Vift Nam da ehiing
minh tinh hihi dyng va gid tri cua cdch thdc
HI NGHItN CUU ,—,
I L A P P H A P - / ^ 20 (300) T10/2015
nay khi frong 722 didu cua Bp luat hinh trieu
Ld ed ddn 300 didu dupc cac nha ldp phdp thdi ky nay quy djnh ro trdch nhifm phap ly ndu vi phgm trdch nhifm cdng vy
Ngodi ra, can van hanh mpt ca chd giam sat chgt ehe tii phia nhan dan va cdc td chdc
xa hdi dan sy ddi vdi tit cd cdc ITnh vuc hoat dpng cua Nhd nudc trong cdng tdc PCTH cua thudc Id Sy tham gia cda cdc td chuc xa hdi ddn sy d gde dp gidm sdt quydn lyc nha nudc se mang lai hifu qua bdn vung cimg vdi vife cdc td chdc ndy true tidp tham gia tiiyc hifn cde hogt dpng PCTH cua thude la
Hai Id cdc cd nhdn khdng sd dyng tiiudc
la cdn phdi nhdn thdc dupc quyen vd cd hdnh
xd phu hpp dd gdp phdn bao vd quydn dupc song frong mdi trudng khdng cd khdi thudc cua minh vd cua nhiing ngudi xxmg quanh Vdi nhdm chd thd ndy, nhdn thdc dupc quydn va mdi tuang quan giiia quyen eua hp vdi trach nhidm eua Nha nudc la ydu cau quan frpng Nhdn thdc nay Id ca sd de hp ed nhung phan dng hoge cd hanh vi nhdt dinh nham bdo vf bdn thdn vd nhung ngudi xung quanh khdng phai hut thudc la thy dpng, cung vdi vifc ydu cdu cdc ca quan cd thim quydn th\re hifn cdc nghTa vy ean thidt dd dap ling quyen cua hp
De ngudi ddn cd dupc nhan thdc nay,
cdng tdc tuydn truyen, phd bidn, thdng tin vh
tdc hai cua thude Id, vd cde dnh hudng eua thuoc Id ddi vdi bdn thdn hp, vdi nhdng ngudi tryc tilp sd dyng thude la la rit can thilt, qua dd giup ngudi khdng sd dyng
thudc la khdng cd thdi dp thd a vi quan nifm
ring, thudc la chi cd hgi vdi nhung ai tryc tilp sd dyng Vifc tiidng tin cin da dgng, chi tilt, thudng xuydn dl nhdn dan dd nhdn biit
de lidn hf vdi tinh frgng sue khde bdn than trudc nhung tdc hgi cu thi eua hut thuic la thy dpng
Cdc quy dinh vl nghia vy cda ngaiyi su
dung thudc Id, vl cdc dja didm cim hut thudc
Trang 8Id, ve vife quang cdo, bdn
thudc Id eung can phai
dupc tuydn truydn thudng
xuydn, de ngudi ddn nam
dupc, hieu dupe, tu dd dinh
hinh dupc ede quydn lpi cy
thd cua minh frong cac mdi
quan hf xa hfi lien quan
den ngudi su dyng, mua
bdn, quang cao thudc Id,
PCTH cua thudc Id
Cung vdi do, ciing cdn
phdi phd bidn cac quy djnh
ciia phdp ludt lien quan den
quydn hgn, ttdch nhifm cua
eac ea quan, td ehue ed
tham quyln ttong tdng ITnh
vyc eua edng tae PCTH eua thudc Id de
ngudi dan ed the nhgn biit, gidm sdt hoac
kiln nghi khi cin thidt
Ba Id, cde ed nhan su dyng thuoc Id phai
nhgn thue dupc: quyln sd dung thudc Id cua
minh Id mpt quyen bi gidi hgn bdi cae lieu
chuin ve sue khde cua nhung ngudi xung
quanh va cpng ddng xa hfi Sd dung thudc
Id Id hdnh vi khdng bi phdp luat earn, nhung
bi phdp ludt hgn ehe nham bdo vf sue khde
ciia nhung ngudi khdng sd dyng thudc la vd
cpng dong xa hfi Thyc tien chiing minh,
ngudi sd dyng thudc Id ed dupc nhdn thdc
ndy da phan tu cdc quy dinh eua phdp ludt,
tu hanh dpng PCTH ciia thudc la ciia cdc chu
the mang quydn lye nhd nudc Do vdy, nang
cao nhgn thdc cho ngudi sd dyng thudc Id de
cd the bdo vf dupe quyen lpi eua nhiing
ngudi xung quanh la bdt budc vd Id ttpng
trdch to Idn cua Nhd nudc Cac quy dinh cua
phap lugt vd nghTa vy ciia ngudi sd dyng
thuoc Id cdn dupe phd bidn cdng khai,
thudng xuydn, dd cd thd ttd thanh thdi quen
moi khi hp sd dyng thudc la
Nha nudc ciing ein tap trung tuydn
truyen, gido dye y thdc eho nhan dan ndi
ehung vd tryc tidp nhirng ngudi sd dyng thudc Id cdc thdng tin vd tdc hgi eua thudc la ddi vdi ngudi sd dyng va ddi vdi nhung ngudi than xung quanh hp Cac thdng tin vd tae hai va sd lupng ngudi chet, logi bfnh tat phat sinh do hut thude la can cgp nhgt, da dang, cd minh ehung khoa hpc va Ihue td ro rdng Bieu hifn nhung tdc dpng, anh hudng cua thudc Id d lung giai dogn ddi vdi sdc khde cua ngudi su dyng ciing can dupc thdng tin rd bdng ldi va bang hinh anh dd ldm gia tang khd nang giao dye va mdc dp cdnh bdo, sao cho ngudi sd dyng cd thd nhgn bidt dupc, ludng dinh dupe minh dang d giai doan, tiang thai nao cua nguy ca Thidt nghT, dieu dd se cd tdc ddng khdng nhd ddn quydt djnh cd tidp tyc hut hay khdng hut thudc Id Mdt gidi phdp chung ciing khdng the khdng nhac den, do la can tang cudng edng tdc giao dye gia dinh, nang cao y thuc cua chinh cdc thanh vidn gia dinh ddi vdi vifc PCTH cua thude la Cac tte em vi thdnh nidn cin phdi dupc dinh hudng, can phdi cd cac tim guong td chinh eac thanh vidn khac trong gia dinh vd y thuc phdng ttdnh tde hgi cua thudc Id cho chinh ban thdn nunh, cho ngudi than vd cho cd cdng ddng xa hpi •
NOHMN CUU I E A Sd20(300)T10/2015^LAP PHApl «'*'