Cdc hdi ndy la noi thd chung ciia lang, tham chi ciia ca mdt viing gdm nhieu lang; song cd trudng hgp, hdi chi gin vdi mdt ddng hg, nhu hdi Din Nguyin Xi d xa Nghi Hgp huyen Nghi Lgc, ti
Trang 1Tl/LIEU
DAN TOC HOC
\/CO KET DONG HO QUA Dl TICH
VA HOI DEN NGUYEN XI (XA NGHI HOfP, HUYEN NGHI LOC, TINH NGHE AN)
NGUYEN H 6 N G VINH
I Dait van de
Cdc di tich thd thin trong cdc ldng Viet
rdt da dang ve loai hinh Cd dinh, den chung
ciia lang, thd thanh hoang; cd den thd mdt
nhdn vat lich sd gin vdi mdt ddng hg nhat
djnh Ung vdi cdc dl tich ndy Id viec thd ciing
cung nhu t6 chdc hdi cua cgng ddng lang hay
ciia cgng ddng ddng hg, da dugc cac nhd
nghien cdu chi ra (Vi6n Vdn hda ddn gian,
1992; BiiiXudnDfnh, 2013 )
Hgi d6n thudng gdn vdi cac nhan vdt
Hch su, nhu hdi Din Nguyen Phi Y Lan d
ldng Phii Thj, hdi Din Bd Tim d ldng
Duong Xd (huyen Gia Lam), hgi Din Hai
Bd Trung d ldng Hat Mdn (huyen Phuc Thg)
ciing thudc thanh phd Ha Ndi; hgi Din Trin
d Kilp Bac (huyen Chf Linh, tinh Hdi
Duong) Cdc hdi ndy la noi thd chung ciia
lang, tham chi ciia ca mdt viing gdm nhieu
lang; song cd trudng hgp, hdi chi gin vdi
mdt ddng hg, nhu hdi Din Nguyin Xi d xa
Nghi Hgp (huyen Nghi Lgc, tinh Nghe An);
hay hgi ciia ddng hg Nguyen Quy d lang Dai
Mo, td chdc d nha thd hg (Dd Thj Phuong
Anh, 2006)
Mdt trong nhting ddc dilm ndi bat ciia
cd kdt cdng ddng, gdm cdng ddng lang, cdng ddng phe gidp, cgng ddng ddng hg (Ho Hoang Hoa, 1998) Tinh cgng ddng ldng, cdng ddng phe gidp, xdm ngd trong hgi da dugc cac cdng trinh nghiSn cdu chi ra Tuy nhien, tinh cdng ddng ddng hg trong hdi lai chua dugc quan tdm, dudng nhu mdi chi mdt ludn vdn cua Do Thi Phuong Anh (2006) bdn sdu vl vin de nay
Bdi vilt ndy gidi thieu co ket ddng ho cua ddng hg Nguyen Dinh - mdt ddng hg Idn
cd truyln thdng ve vang d xd Nghi Hgp (huySn Nghi Lgc, tinh Nghe An) thdng qua
di tfch va hdi din Nguyen Xi
2 Vai net ve Nguyen Xi va hgi den
Nguyen Xi Din vd hdi din Nguyen Xi gdn vdi cdng lao hi6n hdch ciia Thdi su Cuong Qudc Cdng Nguyen Xi (1397-1465) - ,'i "Khai qudc cdng thin trilu Le", cimg eon chau ddng hg ndi ddi cd cdng chdng giac ngoai xdm, bdo ve To quoc va xay dung dit nude Ong qu6 d ldng Thugng Xd, huyen Chan Phiic (nay la xd Nghi Hgp, huyen Nghi Lgc, tinh Nghe An) Ndm 1405, Nguyen Xf mdi
9 tudi da md cdi cha va miy thdng sau md
Trang 2Nguyen Xi ra dit Lam Son, dugc Le Lgi thu
nap, nudi dudng nhu ngudi nha Sau 10 nam
tham gia khdi nghTa Lam Son vd cd cdng Idn
trong thdng lgi cua nghTa qudn chdng gide
Minh xdm luge, dng lam quan 37 ndm cho
trilu Le So, trai bdn ddi vua (Thdi Td, Thai
Tdng, Nhdn Tdng vd Thdnh Tdng) Ong Id
mgt trong nhiing vi quan dua Le Thanh
Tdng len ngdi, dugc ddc phong lam Khai
phii nghi ddng tam ty, Nhap ndi kilm hieu
Thai phd, Binh chuong qudn qudc trgng su,
A quan hiu, dung ddu hang vdn vd dai thin;
dugc phong Sai quan cdng, Nhap ngi htiu
tudng quoc, rdi phong din Thai dy vd dugc
vua tin diing 6ng cdn cham lo td chdc khai
khin, md mang xdm ldng, xay dung qu6
huong (Phan Huy Le, 1998, tr 65-85) Khi
mit, dng dugc truy tdng chdc Thai su Cuong
Qudc Cdng; dugc nhdn ddn dia phuong lap
din thd Nay d xd Nghi Hgp cdn din thd
dng Cling khu Idng md cua dng ciing than
phu, than mSu dng
Hgi din Nguyin Xi dugc td chdc hang
ndm vdo cdc ngay 29, 30 thdng Gi6ng va
mdng mdt thdng Hai (theo Am lich) Ddy Id
hdi cua ddng hg Nguyen Dinh trong cd nude
va cua xd Nghi Hgp; cung Id mgt hdi Idn
trong vung Khdi ngudn cua hdi la 16 mung
cdng cua Dai tdc, le K^' phiic va le Bach sic
vdo ndm Hong Due ndm thir tu ddi vua L6
Thanh Tdng (ndm 1473), phong thin cho
Thdi su Cuong Qudc cdng Nguyin Xf, kiem
ngay gio ciia Qudc phu nhdn Le Thi Nggc
Lan (tdc chinh thit cua dng) (Hgi ddng gia
tdc dai tdn Nguyen Dinh, 2013, tr 406)
Thdi phong kiln, hdi den Nguyen Xi,
tinh dudng Nghe An cu dai di6n cho tdng
ddc vl dy le vi day Id din qudc tao (Nha
nude xdy dyng) vd qudc te (Nhd nude diing
ra ldm le)
Ngdy nay, hdi den Nguyen Xi do con chdu ddng hg Nguyen Dinh td chuc vdi su tham gia cua nhdn ddn trong viing vd lanh dao ngdnh vdn hda tinh Nghe An va lanh dao huyen v6 du Trudc ky hdi, Hgi ddng gia tdc hg Nguyen Dinh fadu ra faan hanh le (ban te); phan cdng cy the tung chi phdi tham tl theo quy dinh thu bac ciia ddng hg
td chi trudng den chi 15
Hdi din Nguyin Xf hien nay gdm phan le vd phdn hdi Trong dd, phan le gdm
16 khai quang, 16 rude, 16 yet cdo tai din, 16 dang huong, le tham tl, le dai tl va 16 ta
- Ll khai quang (dgn dep, sira sang den, khu Idng md cho sach se, vda dl chuin
bj hgi, vira cd tfnh chit md cua den Ll dugc tiln hanh tu ngay 17 thdng Gieng, do Hoi ddng gia tdc chju trach nhi6m ciing con chdu tham gia
- Sang ngdy 29 thang Gieng (ndm nao thang nay thilu thi tiln hanh vao ngdy 28), dudi sy dilu hanh cua Ban td chirc hgi va Hdi ddng gia tdc, phdi hgp vdi cdc doan the cip xd, cac chi phai trong hg, td chdc 16 rude
tu den ra khu lang mo nhu la 16 thdc mdi Nguyin Xf ciing than phu dng v6 den du hdi Sau do, rude trd vl den, Hdi ddng gia tdc
lam 16 yit cdo Budi chi6u, 7 (hoac 8) chi hg
lam le tham te, thyc chat Id 16 dang huong, kinh cdo cua eon chdu cdc chi hg,
- Sang sdm ngdy 30, le ddng huong tai din do Uy ban nhdn dan xa Nghi Hgp dieu hdnh, cdn bd van hda huyen Nghi Lgc chudn
bi bdi dien vdn ky niem, Budi chieu cac chi
hg cdn lai lam ll tham te
Trang 3Sdng sdm ngdy mdng 1 thang Hai, gia
tdc Nguyin Dinh ldm Ii dgi (16 tl thin) Day
Id nghi 16 chinh ciia hdi, dien ra trong hai
tilng ddng hd Le vdt gdm ca 16 chay, 16 man
vd thit Ign sdng, Theo truyen thuyet cua hg
Nguyin Dinh: than phu ciia Nguyen Xi Id
Nguyen Hdi nudi mdt con ho Khi hd idn
len, dugc Nguyen Hdi giao cho trdng nom
dd dam ca d dap Hang, dap Hdch Mgt lin,
dang dem dng Hgi ra thdm do nhung khdng
I6n tieng, nen hd tudng la ke gian va da vd
chit dng Sau khi biet da vd nhim chii cua
minh, hd cdng xac dng vl chdn d canh ddng
Ldm Hdm sau, gia dinh dem xac cua
Nguyen Hdi I6n tdng d mil Vol Nhung d6m
den, ho lai bdi xdc dng dem ve chdn d cdnh
ddng Lim nhu cii vd nim b6n canh dl trdng
coi md Con chdu dng coi day Id ngdi md
phat tfch cho ddng hg nen giii md d nguyen
vi trf ay tu dd din nay Chinh vi dieu nay,
trong din thd Nguyen Xi hien van thd mdt
buc tranh hd vd vao cdc djp hdi, le vat dang
Cling diu phai cd thit sdng
Tuy nhi6n, cting cd y kiln cho rdng, an
chira ben trong cau chuyen dan gian "hd vd
chii" tren day chinh Id tuc thd hd (cting nhu
thd cdc loai vat khde) cd ngudn gdc sdu xa d
tin ngudng td tem thj tdc Hd vdn la bilu
tugng cua sue manh, sy dung manh va vd
nghiep Phdi chdng, truyln thuylt vl hd (dan
dia phuang cdn ggi Id con khdi) vd viec nhd
thd hg Nguyin Dinh thd hd fait ngudn td tin
ngudng va bi6u tugng do dl ly giai sy
nghiep vd tudng ciia Nguyin Xi
Cudi budi chi6u cimg ngay, con chau
ddng hg Nguyen Dinh td chuc ll ta vdi Bite
td Nguyin Xi vd cdc vi thin linh, ket thuc ky
hgi Cdc budc ciia dai te diln ra theo nghi
gia tdc dai tdn Nguyen Dinh Ndi dung bdi chiic van dai tl mdi td tien, tudng ITnh, quan chdc, binh linh da tham gia cudc khdi nghTa Lam Son, chdng quan Minh xdm luge va nhung ngudi khai hoang lap tdng v l den dl nghe nhting Idi chuc tung, tri dn ciia con chdu vd Idi nguyen ciu cua con chdu dugc phu hd do tri, che chd cho con chau yen binh, no dii Sau khi le tat, con chau vao thip huong bdi td vd tap trung d nha bai dudng de liln hanh sinh boat ddng hg Chanh ban quan tdc ddng hg Nguyin Dinh nhic lai cdng trang ctia Ddc td Nguyin Xf va di huin ciia Ngai dl con chdu rd hon, tu hao hem vl ddng hg minh Sau Idl chiic cda chanh ban qudn tdc, con chdu trong hg va khach thdp phuong dy hdi ngdi dy biia com cdng cam gdn ket cgng ddng gia tdc, cd kit cdng ddng
Phin hdi td chdc nhilu trd chai vui nhgn nhu cim trai, thi keo co giiia cac xom trong xa Nghi Hgp, thi diu bdng chuyln gitra xa Nghi Hgp vdi cac xd Idn cdn vd hdi dien van nghS giiia cac xa Phin thudng cho cac trd chi mang tinh tugng trung, ddng vien tinh than con chdu
3 Den vd hgi din Nguyen Xi vdi vifc gan ket ddng tdc
Dai tdn Nguyen Dinh - Thdi su Cuong Qudc Cdng Nguyin Xi Id mdt ddng hg tdn vdi 15 chi, cd b6 day lich su 617 ndm, con chdu hien dang sinh sdng, lam an tr6n khdp mgi mi6n dit nude vd mdt bd phan khd ddng
d nhilu nude tren thi gidi D6n, khu ldng md
va hdi din Nguyen Xi chinh Id yeu td gdn
kit cgng ddng ddng hg ndy Vdi dao ]^
"Udng nude nhd ngudn", "Nhdn sinh do Td"-, "Dau xa trdm mii ngdn sdng van nhd ve
Trang 4dd bdng tdm nguygn cua minh ddng gdp vao
viec bdo ve, tdn tao khu di tich, chdm lo viec
pbung thd tien td, tdng cudng cdc boat dgng
ddng hg tai cac dai chi, cdc chi, cac phai;
dgng vien con chdu cdng due, tu sua, ndng
cap xdy dung mdi nha thd, ndng cip ldng md
Td, xdy dung nghTa trang ddng hg, bien soan
gia phd, diy m^nh cdc hoat dgng khuyin
hgc, khuyen tdi, xay dyng ddng hg vdn hda
Ve viec tu bd nhd thd cdc dai chi, chi
rieng ndm 2014, con chdu cdc dai chi dd ldm
cac viec sau:
- Dai chi 1 trien khai viec ndng cap
lang md Nguyen Su Hdi (con ca eiia
Nguyin Xi, td cua dai chi), kinh phi dy kiln
1 tyddng
- Dai ehi 2 ndng cip nha thd Nguyen
Bd Suong (con thir hai ciia Nguyen Xi, to
ciia dai chi), kinh phf tr6n 400 trieu ddng
- Dai chi 4 nang cap lang md Nguyin
Bd Kiet (eon thd tu cua Nguyin Xf, td cua
dai chi), kinh phi tren 200 trieu ddng
- Dai chi 5 xdy dyng mdt so hang myc
Idn tai nha thd Nguyin K6 Sdi (con thu
ndm cua Nguyin Xi, td cua dai chi) nhu md
rgng khudn vi6n, xdy tudng bao, xdy nhd
hau cdn, xdy bd rao lang due Phd Tudng,
xay Idng md Ddc Trinh, tiln hdnh dai hdi
nhiem ky, ban hdnh quy ehi td chire hoat
ddng cua dai chi
- Dai chi 10 chuin bi xdy dung nhd
thd mdi vdi kinh phi dy kien tren 1 ty ddng;
dong thdi, dai chi nay cung dang tich cue
suu tdm vd bien soan cudn gia pha ciia
dai chi
Tai den thd Nguyen Xi d xa Nghi Hgp,
viec phyng thd van giii dugc nin nip, phuc
vu con chau vd quy khdch gdn xa li6n tuc trong cdc tuin, thang, Vdo cac ngay sdc, vgng, cdc ngay 16 trgng va dip Tit cd truyen Ban ngi ty ciia din dii thilu ngudn nhan tyc, thdi tilt mua ning that thudng, van dap ung nhu cdu cua con chau, nhan dan trong viing, quy khach gin xa vl din Due Td lam 16; binh quan hang ngdy tu 100 din 200 ngudi Vao cac djp ll trgng, cd ngay ten den hang nghin ngudi, ngudn thu cdng due ngay cang Idn
Tir khi din Nguyin Xi dugc cdng nhdn
Id Di tich Lich sd - Vdn hda cip qudc gia (ndm 1990), sy phdi hgp gitra Hdi ddng^ia tdc ddng hg Nguyen Dinh vdi chinh quyln
xd Nghi Hgp vd ngdnh van hda huyen Nghi Lgc ngdy cdng chat che Dya vdo ngudn ti6n cdng due va cung tiln ciia con chdu trong vd ngoai nude, Ban qudn tdc vd Ban ndi tu ngodi viec bao quan, giii gin thugng trung ha dien, khudn vien cua din, cdn thudng xuyen
bd sung nhiing hang muc cin thiet eiia Khu
di tich Chi trong vdng 6 thang diu nam
2014, ngoai hi?n vdt, con chau cdn cung tiln, tiln mdt gin 700 trieu dong Viec thu chi ddm bao nguyen tic, cd su giam sat cua Ban ki6m soat vd bdo cao djnh ky hang quy,
6 thdng vdi Uy ban nhdn dan xa Nghi Hgp, thyc hien diing quy djnh cua Uy ban nhdn dan tinh Nghe An vl su dung ngudn tl6n cdng due
V6 td chdc hdi: Kinh phi phuc vu hdi hdng ndm chu ylu do con chau ddng gdp vdi tinh than trach nhiem chung vd nilm vui ngdy hgi dugc sum vay ciing gia dinh, ddng tgc Theo bao cdo ciia Hdi ddng gia tgc dai tdn Nguyen Dinh, nam 2014, tdng thu cua ddng bg tai cdc di tieh dat 1.075.996.000 ddng, chii yeu Id do con chau ddng hg
Trang 564
Nguyen Dinh ddng gdp; tong chi Id
1.029.362.000 dong, trong dd khoan chi cho
hdi din Nguyen Xi Id 84.599.000 ddng, hd
trg cac doan th6 vd cac xdm tham gia cdc
hoat ddng ciia hdi Id 59.500.000 ddng (Bdo
cdo tdng hgp thu-chi quy hg Nguyen Dinh
ndm 2014 do Chanh qudn tdc Nguyen Thanh
Tien cung cdp) Cac dai chi ddng gdp tfch
eye vdo cac djp le hdi nhu: dai chi I, dai chi
2, dai chi 3, dai chi 5 dai chi 10, dai chi 14
Day Id dien hinh eiia viec xd hdi hda 16 hdi,
phdt thuy vai trd cua ddng tgc trong td chuc
hgi vd tdn tao di tich
Ban phuc vu t l 16 ndi rieng, phyc vy
hgi ndi chung Id eon chau cua ddng hg deu
neu cao tinh thin trach nhiem vd vdi niem tu
hdo, vinh dy cua con chdu mgt ddng tgc Idn,
cd nhilu cdng lao vdi Hch sd dat nude
Din Nguyen Xf la noi con chau ddng
tdc Nguyin Dinh bdy td ldng thanh kinh ciia
minh vdi Due Td, bay td Idng khao khdt ciia
ngudi dan ve mat tdm linh Ngudi trong
viing moi khi bi dm, dau, hay mat mat vat cd
gid tri, ldm dn thdt bdt diu din d6n cau khan
de gidi tda nhiing lo du, mdt thdng bing Hdi
d6n Nguyen Xf phdn ndo dd ddp ung nhu cdu
tinh thin cho cdng ddng ddn cu viing nay,
giiip hg sdng thanh thdn hem, an ui hg nhiing
liic nguy nan, khdn khd
Thdi gian tdi, ky niem Idn thu 620
ndm sinh (1397-2017) vd 550 ndm mit cua
Due Td Nguyin Xi (1465-2015), Hgi ddng
gia tgc cung con chau ddng hg Nguyin Dinh
ddt ra mdt sd nhiem vu trgng tam sau:
- Tdng cudng cdng tdc tuyen truyen v6
than the, sy nghiep cua Due Td Nguyin Xi
- Xuit ban tap san Thdng tin boat dgng
ciia ddng hg, mdt nam hai ky, tiln tdi xuit
- Phdt hdnh bdng mimg thg cac bdc cao nien trang ddng tdc tudi 80, 85, 90, 95, 100 vatr6n 100
- Triln khai thyc hien quy hoach tdng the dy an trung tu nang cip khu Di tich ijch
sd din Nguyen Xi va cde di tich lien quan; xay dyng liu bia ghi cdng tudng niem Nguyin Bien (anh trai Nguyin Xi"), ngudi dd anh dung hy sinh trong khdi nghTa Lam Son;
md rdng khu lang md them l.OOOm^ ndi tir lang Nguyin Xi sang ldng Td phu Vii Thj Hach, tao thdnh mdt khdi lien hodn Hdi din Nguyin Xi hdng ndm Id dip con chdu 15 dai chi ddng hg Nguyin Dinh trong ca nude trd ve dl hudng v6 cdi ngudn, thi hien Idng thanh kinh din Due Td cua ddng hg minh, dn lai nhiing truyln thdng hao hung cua ddng tdc; cDng la dip bao cdng cua con chdu trong ndm qua dd ldm dugc gi rang danh cho tien td, nguyen ciu mdt nam mdi an lanh va nhieu thanh cdng, may mdn hon Hdi dd gin kit dugc cdc thdnh vien ddng tdc trong ca nude, thi hien tinh thin dodn ket tadn dai tdc, niem ty hdo cua chau con ddng hg Nguyin Dinh V6 dy 16 hdi den Nguyen Xi ndm vda qua, anh Nguyen Dinh Bien, chi 13 nhanh d xa Ddng Son, huy^n
Dd Luong, tinh Nghe An cho biet, cy ngi anh ngdy xua da bdn 18 mau rudng d6 di tim lai gdc tich ciia minh Ngay nay, chi nhanh
13 hg Nguyen Dinh d Dd Luong ndm ndo cung cir dai dien cua hg ve dy hdi de xem
"ddng hg minh cd chi (cd gi) thay ddi hay khdng?!" Cd thi ndi, qua di tich din vd hgi d6n Nguyen Xi, con chdu ddng hg Nguyen Dinh trong ca nude thSm y thue vun ddp vdo viec thd td tien - hinh thdi thd phung Idn nhit trong ddi sdng tam linh ciia ngudi Viet xua cung nhu nay
Trang 6Tai lieu tham khao
1 DS Thi Phuong Anh (2006), Vdn
hda ddng hg Nguyin Quy ldng Dgi Md (xa
Dgi Md, huyen Tu Liim Hd Ndi), Luan vdn
thac sT Vdn hda hgc, luu tai Thu vien trudng
Dai hgc Vdn hda Ha Ndi
2 Bill Xuan Dinh (2013), Cdc lgc
nguai a Viet Nam, Nxb Thdi dai, Hd Ndi
3 Ho Hoang Hoa (1998), Lihoi - Mat
net dep trong sinh hogt vdn hda cdng ddng,
Nxb Khoa hgc xd hgi, Hd Ndi
4 Hgi ddng gia tdc dai tdn Nguyen
Dinh - Thdi su Cuong Qudc Cdng Nguyen
Xi (Nghi Hgp, Nghi Lgc, Nghe An) (2013),
Cuong Quoc Cdng Nguyin Xi, Tdc phd - Di hudn Phil luc (Tai bdn vd nang cap),
Nxb Nghe An, Vinh
5 Phan Huy Le (1998), Danh nhdn
Nghi An, Nxb Nghe An
6 Trung tdm Khoa hgc Xa hgi vd Nhdn van qudc gia, Uy ban nhdn dan tinh
Nghe An (1997), Thdi su Cuong Qude Cdng
Nguyin Xi, Sd Vdn hda Thdng tin
Nghe An
7 Vien Nghien cuu Van hda dan gian
(1992), Li hgi cd truyin, Nxb Khoa hgc xd
hdi, Hd Ndi
Chuong trinh vdn nghe trong ll dang huong Hdi din Nguyen Xi ndm 2014
(xd Nghi Hgp, huyen Nghi Lgc, tinh Nghe An)
Anh: Nguyin Hdng Vinh