HEHIEH cOUCHiHHTBIj^ niu BAN THEM VE KHAI NIEM NGUON NHAN LUC Dai hdi XI cua Dang da xac dinh: Phit triln nhanh ngudn nhin luc, nhit la ngudn nhin Iuc chit lugng cao la mdt trong ba kha
Trang 1HEHIEH cOUCHiHHTBIj^ niu
BAN THEM VE KHAI NIEM NGUON NHAN LUC
Dai hdi XI cua Dang da xac dinh: Phit triln
nhanh ngudn nhin luc, nhit la ngudn nhin
Iuc chit lugng cao la mdt trong ba khau dot pha
chid'n luge dl din nam 2020, nudc ta co ban ttd
thanh nudc cdng nghidp ibeo budng hidn dai VI
vay, nghidn cttu bd sung l;y luan vl phat ttiln
ngudn nhan luc la mflt vaii dl ein thilt, lam co sd
phuong phdp luan trong vide pbit ttiln ngudn
nhin luc b tilng ITnb vuc, ngdnh nghl cu the b
nudc ta hidn nay
1 Quan niem ve nguon nhan lire
d nudc ta, khii nidm ngudn nhin luc dugc cic
nha khoa hgc lim rd thdng qua each tilp can xac
dinh vai tro, vi tn ciia ngudn nhan luc irong su
phat triln kinh t l - xa hdi, ttt cdu trtic cua ngudn
nhan luc GS, TS Hodng Chf Bao cho ring,
"Ngudn luc con nguft la su kit hgp the luc vd trf
luc cho thdy kha ning sang lao chat lugng, hidu
qua boat ddng va ttiln vgng mdi phit triln cua
con nguft"'" Theo hudng tid'p cin do, da cd mflt
sd nhd kboa hgc cho ring, ngudn Iuc con nguft
Id tdng hda cac ylu id vl sfl' lugng, chdt lugng
(cac phdm cbdl vl thl luc, dao dtte, ldi sfl'ng,
nghl nghidp va nang luc boat dflng thuc tidn) vd
CO cdu cua cdng ddng ngudi cd the buy ddng vao
hoat ddng sing tao vi su tiln bfl va pbit triln cua
xa bdi Qua dd cho thiy, quan nidm vl ngudn
nhin lue theo hudng tilp ein da dugc cic nha
khoa hgc ngay cang lam rd: Ngudn nbin lue cd
cac yd'u tfl' chfnh cdu thanh Id sd lugng, chit
lugng vd co ci'u cua ngudn nhan luc Bft le, trinh
dd phit Iriln ngudn nhan luc cao hay thip khflng
chi phu thudc vao sd lugng nhin luc nhilu hay ft
md con phu thugc vao chdt lugng nhan luc (chit
lugng nhin lue vfla doi hdi vdi tu each la chdt
luong cua timg ngudi Iao dgng, vua ddi boi cbdt
lucmg eua cdng ddng nguft lao dflng) Tuy nhidn
ngudn nbin luc khflng phai la mflt phep cgng sd
" Thai si Oai hoc Tdi nguyen vd Mdi trudng Hd Ndi
I -Hadng Chi Bda (1993) anh hudng ma van liaa dd'i vdi viec phdi
huy ngudn luc i on ngu^ Tap i hi Trie'l hoc s61
46
NGUYEN THI LUYEN *
bgc cac ca nhin nguft Iao ddng ma ddi hoi phai
cd su lidn kit ddng thuan giua cdc ca nhan ngutti lao dfing Mttc dfi lidn kit dl tao ra su ddng thuan, tao ra sttc manh cua ngudn nhan Iuc phu thudc vdo CO ciu nguft lao ddng ttong ngufin nhan Iuc Ba yd'u id (sd lugng, chdt lugng, co cdu)
cd md'i quan he chat che vft nhau tao thanh nguon nhan luc Sfi' lugng ddng, chit lugng cao
ma CO ciu phin bd nhan luc khfing hgp ly thi hidu qua pbit buy ngudn nhin luc trong phSt trien kinh te - xa hdi se bi ban chl
Trong ba ylu td ci'u thanh ngudn nhin Iuc thi chdt lugng cua ngudn nhin luc dugc nhilu nhi khoa hge quan tim, lam ro thfing qua vide xac djnh nhung lidu ehf cu thl Cd nhd khoa hgc quan nidm rang, chat lugng ngudn nhin Iuc tmdc hit
phai dugc thl hidn b cbdt lugng cua timg nguft
lao ddng, dugc bieu hidn d cac chi tidu vl thl lyc, trf luc, phdm chdt dao dttc, nhan cich cua mfli ci nhan con ngudi Trdn co sd dd tao thanh chit lugng cua cdng ddng ngudi lao dflng Tuy nhidn, khi ndi din tidu chi vl trf luc, cd nha khoa hgc die bifit chu ttgng din phuemg didn ning luc nhan thttc ciia ngudi lao dgng, nhung cung cd nha khoa hgc chtt trgng dd'n phuong didn nang luc boat ddng thuc tidn cua nguft Iao dflng Khai quit cic quan nidm cua cic nha kboa hgc, cho thiy: Chdt lugng nhan luc phai la ldng bda cac nhin id: Thl Iuc (sue khoe), ttf luc (nang luc nhan thttc, ning luc boat dflng thuc tidn), tam luc (phdm chit chinh trj - dao dttc, Idi sdng, y chf, nghi lire, ly tudng vd tinh thin trach nhidm Irong edng vide) cua timg ngudi lao dgng Chit lugng ngudn nhan luc l i chit lugng cua tiing nguft Iao ddng vd su ldng bda cic c i nhan ngudi lao dflng trong mfit co ciu nhdt dinh Do dd, nguon nhin luc la tdng hgp cic yd'u td vl sfl lugng, chit lugng (thl Iuc, ttf lue, tam luc) va co ciu nhin luc, da, dang vd se tao ra nang luc, sttc manh thiic ddy kinh t l - xi hdi pbit triln, dam bao quoc phdng,
an ninh, bao vd Td qudc
TAP CHI GIAO Dgc L^ LUAN - s6 234 (9/2015) 1
Trang 2Sfl' lugng ngudn nhin Iuc Id tdng sd nguft lao
ddng dang vi se tham gia vao qui tiinh jriiat triln
kuih t l - xa hdi; la nhin td diu tidn gifl vai ttd
quan ttgng trong ngudn nhin luc Mflt qudc gia
ndi chung hay mflt nganh nghl ndi ridng neii
khdng c6 sd lugng nhin luc lao dflng cdn thiet thi
khdng thl phat huy dugc sttc manh ciia ngudn
nhin luc ttong qui ttinh phat ttiln kuih tl - xa bfli
Chdt lugng ngudn nhin luc la tdng hgp eiia
nhilu ylu id tao ndn nhung dugc dac tmng bft
cic yd'u id CO ban la: The luc, tri luc va tim lue
cua ngudi Iao dflng (ci nhan) vd ca cdng ddng
nhan Iuc (ngudn nbin luc)
Thl luc la sttc khoe con ngudi Sttc khde Id
nin tang khdng thl thieu eho vide nang cao chit
lugng boat dflng nhan thttc va boat dflng thuc
tidn Sinh thdi, Chu tich Hd Chf Minh hit sttc coi
ttgng vide ndng cao sttc khde cho nhin dan,
Nguft cho ring "Gitt gin dan chu, xiy dung nudc
nha, giy dft sdng mdi, vide gi cung cdn cd sttc
khoe mdi thanh cflng"'^'
Tri lue la yd'u tfl' trf tud ciia eon nguft GS, TS
Nguydn Vin Khinh eho ring, "Trf tud la tdng
hgp ning lue nbin thttc va ning luc thuc tidn cua
con ngudi trong vide thfch nghi mflt cicb sing
tao vd cd hidu qua vft mdi tmdng xung quanh""'
Trf Iuc Id yd'u tfi' gitt vai tio quyd't djnh kha nang
sing tao eua mfii c i nhin Trf luc cua con nguft
ngay cdng cd vai ttd to Idn trong su phit trien
kinh te - xa hdi ciia mfii qud'c gia Trf Iuc cua mdi
ngudi lao dflng cao hay thdp dugc dinh gid thflng
qua ttinh dfi nhin thttc va ning Iuc boat dflng
thuc tifin
Tim luc Id nhin td dugc kd't tinh bdi cac gii
trj: Phdm chdt chfnh tri - dao dttc, Ifl'i sfl'ng, y chf,
nghj Iuc, ly tudng va tinb thin ttich nhidm trong
cdng vide Tam luc tao ra ddng ca bdn trong cua
chu Ihl, dilu chinb va thuc day hoat ddng nbin
thttc vd boat ddng thuc lidn ciia mfii ngudi Tim
luc ddng mflt vai trd quan ttgng lao ndn chit
lugng ngudn nbin Iuc, dung nbu (Thu tjch Hd Chf
Minh da ndi: Tai vd dttc gin liln vft nhau, trong
dd dttc Id "cii gfl'e" ciia nguft each mang
Ba ylu td thl luc, tri Iuc vi tim luc cd mfli
quan hd chit che vft nhau tao ndn ehil lugng nhin
luc ciia mdi nguft lao dgng Trong dd, thl lue la nin lang quan trgng, tri Iuc Id ylu td quyd't dinh chit lugng cua nhin Iuc cua mdi nguft Iao dfing
Ca ciu nbin luc la co ciu vl din so, do tudi,
gidi tiiih; co cdu lao dflng ttong cdc nganh, cac ITnh vuc; co cdu vl trinh dd hgc vdn, chuydn mdn nghidp vu
Ngay nay, cho thay nhilu qud'c gia cd mttc dd gia ting din sd cao, chit lugng din sd kbi lot nhung lai c:d tdc do tang imftig kinh le cham Trong khi dd, cd nhttng qudc gia cd sd lugng din
sd ft chit lugng din cu tfi't vd co ciu hgp ly da tao ra sttc manh tdng hgp ttong qua trinh phat ttiln kinh le - xa hdi
2 Quan niem ve phat trien nguon nhan luc Trdn co sd tid'p ein nghien cttu ngudn nhin luc ttt cac yd'u Id cdu thanh, nhu da phan tich trdn day, theo tic gia: Phit triln ngudn nhin luc la qua trinh lam bid'n ddi vl sfl' lugng, chit lugng va
CO ci'u ngudn nhin luc, dip ttng ngay cdng tfl't hem ydu ciu phil triln KT - XH, dam bao QP,
AN Ttt quan nidm nay, ed thl mfl hinh hda phdt ttien ngudn nbin luc theo hinh ve 2.1 sau diy
2.1 Mo hinh phdt trien nguon nhdn luc
^ ^ ^ SdHCTig
A CnitkETk
- • — Codu
2 - Hd Chl A/"i'i Lin tell goi todn ddn tdp the duc Bdo Ciru qudc
sdl9'i o v M v - ' " /''•"'
3 Nvi'uii Vdn Khanh {chd biin) Ngudn lue tn luf Viel Nam
-U<h iUhien irang vd Iri/n vong Nxb CTQC 2012 tr 31
Md hinh hda vl phat ttiln ngudn nhin luc cua hinb ve trdn cho thdy, phat triln ngudn nhan luc dugc bieu bidn qua ba phucmg didn: Phdt trien ve
sd lugng (theo chilu ngang), phat trien vd chit lugng (theo chilu cao) va tbay ddi co ciu nhin Iuc cho hgp ly (theo chilu nghieng) nhim phit huy sttc manh tdng hgp cua ngudn nhin luc Trong mfl hlnh phdt ttien ngudn nhan luc co cau ngudn nhan lUc khoa hgc va hgp ly - la hai canh cua tam giac pbit trien ngudn nbin iuc ddng vai trd rdt quan trgng, dam bao su phat triln vl so lugng va chil lugng mdt each can ddi, hii boa Phat triln vl sd lugng la su gia ting so lugng nbin luc dip iing ydu cdu vi Irf viec lam ciia iCmg nganh nghl, ITnh vuc trong tttng giai doan
nhit djnh (xem tiep trang 55)
Trang 3chuin bj vugt qua Tuy doanh nghidp trong nude
All hidn su ung hd khi manh me eic chu tmong
gia nhip TPP nhung dl dam bao tin dung tdt cac
CO bdi md ra ttt TPP edn phai cd su tfch cue thilt
thuc hon Cae doanh nghidp Vidt Nam cin phai ed
budc di nhanh chin ban ttong di tit ddn ddu nay
- Vdi cic nganh dang gap khd khan ttong vdn
dl dap ling yeu cdu vl ngudn gfi'c xuit xtt san
phdm theo TPP nhu cde nhi xudt khdu ddt may
Vidt Nam da tiing gap rac rdi, cdn phai co
phucJng an diu m vdo phit trien vung nguydn
lidu, ddng thdi cai tien ky thuat cdng nghd, dao
lao nhan luc cho phtt hgp dl trd thinh nha xuit
khdu vihig chdc trong TPP
- Trong bdi canh gia ting chi pbf nhan cdng la
dilu chic chin, vide gia tang ning suit lao ddng,
ddi mft khoa hgc cfing nghd Id ydu ciu cdp thid't
dfii vft tit ca cdc ngdnh trong nen kinh t l Vidt
Nam Cac doanh nghidp nudc ta ttt tmdc tft nay
cbi chu ttgng khiu gia cflng, nhap khiu biu hd't
nguydn lidu ddu vao Vi viy, ciing ein phai
chuin bj fliam gia vft vai ttd li mdt mat xfch
Irong chudi gii tri loan cdu nbu gia cflng che
bid'n, lap rip, cdng nghidp hfl trg
- Chidn luge pbit triln nhin luc, tai co CZM
ngudn nbin luc, xa hfli hda gido due - ddo tao die bidt la day nghl, day ngoai ngtt la nhiing giai pbip quan ttgng nhit dl ning cao nang suit lao dgng, tang sttc canh tranh cua nin kinh t l va hdi nhip qudc le ma TPP, AEC la cdp bach Nhdt la bidn nay nudc ta dang d thft ky co cdu din sd vang, lao ddng tre chidin gdn 40% dan sfl' ca nudc
va dang hdi nhip siu vao khu vuc vi thl gift Mdt khi dugc edng nhin chudn dao tao, co hdi vide lam
va thu nhap lao dflng Vidt Nam se cao hon.S
Tdi liiu tham khdo:
i Chinh phd 12008) Qiiy/t dinh 36i2008IQD-TTG phe duyit Chien luac phdt men ngdnh idng nghiep Dit May Viet Nam den ndm 2015 dinh hudng di'n ndm 2020
2 Hoang Vdn Chdu (2014) 'Hiip dinh dd'i tdc xuyin Thai Binh Duang - TPP vd lan de tham gia cua Viit Nam" Nxb Bdch thoa-Ha Ndi
3 HS Vdn Hodnh (2015) Lao ddng Viei Nam thi ray nghe cao ndng suat lao ddng ihdp, vi sao'' Bdo diin tu Chtnh phu ngdy 3/5/20/5
4 Li QuA- Phuang (2013) TPP vd nliSng tdc ddng dot vdi xua't kliau I'd thu hut ddu tu cua Viet Nam " Tap chi Tdi chinh id* 12.2013
5 Uy ban tu vdn ve CSTMQT (20l5).'Viil Nam va TPP -Nhiing suy tinh thiei han "
6 TPP (2015) "A new model labour & dispute resolution
I hapterfor the Asia - Pacific region "
BAN THEM VE KHAI NIEM NGUON NHAN LUC
<tiepirang47)
I Phil triln ve chdt lugng nhin luc la phil triln
[ vl thl luc, trf lue vd tim luc cua nguft lao ddng
I (vtta vft tu cich li ci nbin, vtta vft tu each la
[ cdng ddng nguft lao ddng) Trong dd, phdt ttiln
[ ve thl luc la su gia ting vl chilu cao, trgng lugng
1 CO thl, sttc manh, su deo dai eua co bip va thdn
\ kinh eua nguft Iao ddng; pbit triln vl tri luc la
, ning cao ning Iuc nhin thttc va ning luc boat
j ddng thuc tifin cua ngUft lao dflng; phit trien vl
j tim Iuc Id bdi dudng, nang eao ve phim chit dao
j dtte Idi sfl'ng, y chf, ly mdng, tinh thdn trich
'j nhidm ttong cdng vide va kha ning thfch ttng vdi
( mfii trudng lam vide cua ngudi lao dflng Su phat
tridn vl chit lugng nhin luc pbai dugc tiln hanh
J ddng thdi ca ve thl Iuc, tti Iuc va lim Iuc, nd'u chi
quan tim dd'n mfit phuOng didn vl thl luc hoac trf
luc hoac lim Iuc diu la su phit triln phiin didn
se khfing thl cd dugc nbin luc chit lugng cao
' dap ttng dugc ydu cdu eua tiing Iinh vuc, nginh
nghl ndi ridng vi phat trien kinh te - xa bdi cua
nudc la ndi chung
Phat triln vl co ciu nhin lue li xiy dung eo edu ngudn nhan lue khoa hgc hgp Iy dl nang cao chdt lugng eua ngudn nhan luc Dd la su thay ddi co cdu vl gidi, vl do tudi, vl ttinh do
cua nhin luc b timg nganh, tiing linh vuc cbo
phu bgp nham huy ddng dugc sttc manh ldn nhdt ttt ngudn nbin luc nay Bft le, tbeo quan dilm cua Trid't bgc duy vat bidn chiing nd'u coi ngudn nhan lUC la mdt chi'l tbi su phat triln vl chat cua su vit con phu thugc vio phucmg thttc lidn ket gifla cic yd'u to lao thinh vit, nghTa li phu thudc vdo eo eau nbin luc trong ngudn nhan luc Su tbay ddi vl co ci'u tbeo hudng kboa hgc
va hgp ly la yd'u t6 gdp phdn quan ttgng trong
ning cao, dam bao su phdt ttien bin virng cua ngudn nhin Iuc
Do dd, dl phat ttien ngudn nhin luc cho mdt
linh vuc cu thl a nudc la dat chdt lugng cao, cdn
phai xdc dinh dugc muc lidu pbit ttiln; ngi dung phit tridn; phuong thttc phil triln vi chu the phil triln ngudn nhin luc.S