Trong cupc song thucmg ngay cung nhu tr6n giang duong cac trucmg dai hpc, vien nghien cfiu, trong cac cupc hpi thao, toa dam khoa hpc..., gioi hoc gia Chau A cung nhieu nha khoa hpc quoc
Trang 1Nghien cvai khoa hoc
NGHIEN CIJU KHU VUG
MOT SO SUY NGHI VE GIA TRj VAN HOA CHAU A
VA VAI TRO CUA CAC T R U ^ G DAI HOC TRONG VIEC XAY DONG MOI TROlorNG VAN HOA, HOP TAC NGHIEN CUU KHU VUC**
NGUYEN VAN M M *
Tom tat; Tic nhieu the ky truac Cong nguyen, Chdu A dd Id nai khai ngudn, phat triin cita cdc nen vdn hoa, vdn minh l&n Cdc nin vdn hoa, vdn minh Chdu A luon thi hien vd tdng chica nhieu ddc tinh, gid tri rieng biet Trong thai dai md xu the hgi nhgp khu vuc vd todn cau hoa ngdy cdng dien ra manh me, cdc gid tri vdn hoa Chdu A lgi duoc ddt ra nhu mot trong nhimg vdn de cot yeu de nhgn dien, dinh dien bdn sdc vdn hoa, khdng dinh vi the cua moi quoc gia Bdi viet muon tap trung trinh bdy mpt so si^ nghive cdc gid tri vdn hoa Chdu A; nhung nhdn to tgo nen su tuang dong, di biet giUa cdc vimg, khong gian van hoa; con du&ng truyen tdi, tiep giao vdn hoa, vd vai tro cua cdc tru&ng dgi hoc trong viec xdy dung mot moi tru&ng vdn hoa vd hgp tdc nghien cuu khu vi^c
Tir khoa: Chau A, Gia tri van hoa Chau A, Tiep biln van hoa
1 Giao lu'u, hoi nhap va tiep bien van
hoa
Chau A la mpt khu vyic dia chinh tri, dia
-kinh te va dia - vdn hoa co nhieu dilm tuong
dong^ Tir nhUng thi ky truoc, sau Cong nguyen giiJa cac qu6c gia khu virc da co nhieu moi Uen he thuong xuyen, mat thi^t ve lich su, vanhoa^ Nguoi ta timg bilt din nhung mach
' PGS.TS, Truing Dai hpc Khoa hgc XS hpi \k NhSn van,
Dai hijc Qu6c gia Ha Npi
" Bii vigt phit tri^n tir bSo c4o tham gia Dien d ^ khoa hpc
qu6c t^: "The Second Korea - Vietnam Forum for the
Fulur^' (Diln din vl tirong lai Hin - Viet ISn thiSr hai" do
Vifn Hin Iam Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam v i QuJ Giao lim
thiJ d6 Seoul, HinQuSc ngiy 19-3-2015
' Lam My Dung, "Vii net ve thdn dai d6ng thau Hin Quoc",
trong: D^i hpc Khoa hpc x i hOi v i nhin van - Khoa Dong
phuang hpc, 10 ndm dao tgo va nghien cuu Han Quoc tgi
Vi4t Nam, Nxb D^i hpc Qu6c gia H i Npi, H., 2003, tr
164-176; Luu Thi H6ng Vi?t, "Mpt vii so sinh \k motif giiJa c6
tich nguiri Vift v i c6 tich ngudi Hin"; Cao The Trinh, "Miy
V kien xung quanh vific thd Thinh hoing d Hin t0c v i Vift
tfic", trong: D^i hpc Khoa hpc xS hpi v i nhin vSn, Khoa
Dong phucmg hpc, Thuc day Han Quoc hpc a Viet Nam, Nxb
ThS gi6i, H., tr 213-228, 241-256; Phan Thj Thu Hifin,
T a n ^ e u m Aegi ciia Hin Qu6c"; Nguyen Hiiu Son, "Sir tuong d6ng trong cic tifiu truyen Thifin su Hin Quoc v i Viet
Nam trudc thfi ky XIV", Tgp chi Nghien cuu Dong BSc A,
s6 11(141), 2012, tr 3-15,16-15; Doan Lfi Giang, "Sutuong
Hin Qufic", Tap chi Nghien cuu Bong Bdc A, so 1(155),
2014, tr 13-23; Nguyen Huu Son, "So sinh trio luu nhan
vin trong vin hpc Hin - Viet thfi ky XVIII-XIX", Tgp chi Nghien ciiu Dong BSc A, s6 7(161), 2014, tr 47-57
' Carter J.Eckert - Ki-baik Lee - Young Ick Lew - Michael
Robinson - Edward W.Wagner, Korea Old and New - A History, Ilchokak, Publishers for Korea histitute, Harvard University, 1990; James B.Palais, Politics and Policy in Traditional Korea, Harvard East Asian Monographs, 159,
Harvard University Press, 1991; Hpi Khoa hpc Lich sir Viel
Trang 2Nghien cvcu khoa hgc
nguon va dong chay van hoa tur Trung Quoc,
An Dp, Tay Ạ Ian toa den cac quoc gia trong
khu vuc va nguoc tai, ncri phat nguyen ra cac
dong chay van hoa do cung đng thai tilp
nhan dugre nhieu thanh tuu, di san van hoa tir
c ^ nuac lang gieng Su gjao luu van hoa gifia
cac qu6c gia Chau A cung nhu the gidi luon la
moi lien he, tuong tac da dien, da chilụ
Nguyen Thu tuong dong thai la nha van hoa
lon cua An Dp, Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)
ttmg cho ring: ''''Khong co nen vdn hoa ndo
tren the giai lgi tuyet doi co xua, thudn khiet
vd khong bi dnh huang b&i bdt cu nin vdn hoa
ndo khdẹ Ngu&i ta khong the song vai mpt
nguon cgi rẹ Thgm chi, coi re do cOng se kho
heo neu no khong vuom ra dual dnh sdng mgt
trai vd khong khi tu đ
H? qua tit yeu la, trong hanh trinh van hoa
cua cac dan tpc luon diin ra qua tdnh gmo
luu, hgi nhgp, tiep bien va cuoi cung la su chdt
loc, kit luyen van hoạ Noi each khac, trong
hanh trang va di san van hoa cua moi quoc gia
khong chi co cac gia tri vSn hoa cua dan tpc
minh ma con dung chua ca nhirng "bich ngpc
va ma nEo" cua cac nen van hoa khac, tham
chi cua ca cac nin van hoa xa xoi^ Sir giao
lim, tiep xiic van hoa lu6n c6 y nghia het sfic
quan trpng trong viec thuc day tien trinh phat
triln lich sfi, sir tnrong thanh ve y thfic dan
tpc, lam phong phu them kho tang van hoa cua
Nam, Ngif&i Viet Nam a Trieu Tiin va moi giao luu vdn hoa
Vi4l - Trieu trong lich sir, H., 1977; Tran Ngpc Them, "Khoa
hpc vi ky thu&t trong truyfin thfing vin hfia Korea", tr
225-240, trong: 10 nam dao tgo vd nghien cuu Han Quoc tgi Viel
Áflffi, Sđ.tr 132-147
* Jawaharlal Nehru, "Vin h6a l i gl", Bdo Nhdn Ddn, sfi 2,
ngiy 19-2-1987
* Hi Vin Tan, "Sir hfia hpp cac gii tri tinh thin Chau A
-Mpt cii nhin tir Vift Nam", trong: Den vai lich su, vdn hoa
Vi4l Nam, Nxb Hpi Nha vin, H., 2005, tr 61
cac dfin tfic va dilu quan trpng la, qud trinh giao luu vdn hoa do da gop phdn tgo dung nin nhimg gid tri van hoa chimg cho todn thi khu vuc
Trong cupc song thucmg ngay cung nhu tr6n giang duong cac trucmg dai hpc, vien nghien cfiu, trong cac cupc hpi thao, toa dam khoa hpc , gioi hoc gia Chau A cung nhieu nha khoa hpc quoc te timg trao doi, phan tich
ve nhfing dac tinh phat trien ciia van hoa Chau Ậ Chung ta dlu nhan thfic sau sic rang, viec gio gin ban sic van hoa, bao ton va phat huy cac gia tri van hoa Chau A truac khuynh huong quoc te hoa, toan ciu hoa la mpt vin de
trpng yeú Ro rang la, trong xu thi vd th&i dgi hi^n nay, khong co mot quoc gia ndo co the phdt trien trong trgng thdi bi^t lap Noi each
khac, khong co mpt dan tpc nao, cpng dong cu dan hay nen van hoa nao co the cu mai tu thu minh trong nhfing 6c dao cfia sir hoai nghi, hilm ky van hoạ Mpi thai dp tieu cue va ca su kieu ngao, tu ton thai qua nen van hoa cua dan tpc minh chi din din hau qua la su ngung tre, suy thoai xa hpi, van hoa cfia chinh quoc gia
do ma thoị Hoi nhgp vai the giai, phdn đu de dgt dugc nhimg yeu cdu, chudn myrc chung
Arnold Toynbee, Nghien cuu ve ljch su - Mot cdch thuc dien gidi, Nxb Thf gim, H., 2002, tr 367-372; Femand Braudel, Tim heu cdc nen vdn minh iren the gidi, Nxb Khoa hpc x i hpi, H., 2004; Phan Ngpc, Bdn sdc van hoa Vi4l Nam, Nxb v a n hpc, H., 2006; Trin Ngpc Thfim, Nhiing vdn di vdn hoa hgc: Ly ludn vd ung dung, Nxb Vin hfia - Vin nghf, Tp
Nam trong doi m&i, hgi nhgp, Nxb Van hfia - Thong tin - T^p
chf v a n hfia Nghe thuat, H., 2013
' Ly Xuan Chung, "Vin hoa Hin Qufic trong thfi tifip bifin trong: Dai hpc Khoa hpc x3 hpi v i nhin vin, Khoa Dfin^
phuomg hpc: Thuc day Hdn Quoc hgc a Vi^t Nam, Nxb The gidi, H., tr 241-256; Go Thu H i , "Toin ciu hda tai Hin Qufic tir gfic nhin vin hfia", trong: 10 ndm đo tgo vd nghien cihi Hdn Qudclgi Vifl Nam,S6d,tr 148-163
64
Trang 3Nghien cthi khoa hoc
cua khu vyc vd thi gi&i Id xu thi chung ciia tdt
cd cdc nen vdn hda vd vdn hoa mgt thai dgi
1 Nho giao va Tam giaọ
Trong tiin trinh phat triin cua lich su nhan
loai, Chau A la ncri phat nguyen va hoi tu cua
nhieu nen van minh lon* Chung ta co quyin
tu hao vi truyin thing lau dcri, vi nhung thanh
tuu rue ro, nhung di san van hoa quy bau ma
biet bao the h? da day cong sang tao va di Iji
cho chung ta hom naỵ Nhung, cac thi he sau
cung c&i phai va biit phat huy nhiJng di san
van hoa truyin thing trong cdy phd he vdn
hoa cua cac dan tpc Chau A, dong thcri chu
dong tiep nhan, chat loc nhQng thanh tuu moi
ciia van minh nhan lôii di b i sung va lam
phong phu hem ntia di san van hoa cua dat
nuac minh ciing nhu ciia chung khu vuc
Mgt so nha nghien cuu timg cho rang, van
hoa truyen thong cua khu vuc Dong A, dac
biet la van hoa khu vuc Dong Bic A, la vdn
hoa Nho gldộ CSc quic gia khu vuc Dong A
til Trung Quoc den Han Quoc (Triiu Tien),
Nhat Ban va Vỉt Nam deu tir truyin thing
Nho giao ma di len Thvrc te, Nho giao da som
lan toa den cac quoc gia khu vuc tir nhihig
quan niem, triet luSn cua Khing Tir (551-479
' Edward W.Said, Orientalism, Vintage Boolis - A Division of
Random House, New York,1977; John K Fairbank - Edwin
ỌReiscliaurer - Albert M.Craig, East Asia - Tradition and
Trasformation, Harvard University Press, 1973; George
Coedfe, The Indianized States ofSouttteast Asia, University
of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 1968; Nguyin V3n Kim, "Van
minh v^ de chl - Nhln lai con dirfmg phdt trien cita cdc quoc
gia Dong A", Tgp cfii Nghien aiu Lich sti, so 2(406), 2010,
tr 3-19
' Phan Dai Dodn, Tit lang den nuac - Mpl cdch tiep can lich
sir, Nxb Dai hoc Qu6c gia Hd Noi, H., 2010, tr 285-322;
Nguyin van H6ng, "Nh§n thiic vg gid trj vdn h6a Nho gido
"Yfiu t6 Kh5ng gido trong qud ttinh phdt frien kinh tg Hdn
Ouoc" trong; 10 ndm đo too vd nghien cuu Hdn Quoc tat
Wf/Áom,Sđ,o- 164-176, 177-186
TCN), Manh Tur (372-289 TCN), den Han nho, Ting nho va sau do la nhiing luan thuyet Tan Khong giao cua cac triSu dai Minh (1368-1644), Thanh (1644-1911) Trong cac vong tiep giao, lan toa van hoa do, Viet Nam, Nhat Ban va Han Quoc deu tiip thu nhieu anh huong va gia tri ciia he tu tuong naỵ Nhung, bang nhu ciu va tam the van hoa cua dan toe minh, cac quoc gia khu vuc da tiep nhan Nho giao cimg gia tri ciia cac nSn van minh khu vuc theo nhimg con duong, each thuc khac nhaụ Nguoi ta van noi den mtjc do nhan thiic
va ca niim tin, each thirc biiu d?it vi thuyet
"menh Troí hay cac gia trj, khai niem can ban cua Nho giao nhu: Nhdn, Trung, Le, Hieụ co
nhieu khac biet trong cac xa hpi Dong Ạ Viet
ve mpt trong nhung diem khac biet do, hpc gia Tran Dinh Huou timg cho rang: "Trong lich siJr moi nuoc, cha ong đu viet chir Han, deu hpc kinh diin Tam giao, deu lam tho phụ Nhung sir khac nhau chac chan khong phai la Tam giao - dac biet la Nho giao kinh dien, ma
la cai Nho giao, Tam giao dupc ap dung trong thuc tẹ To chftc gia dinh, gia toe, lang xa, nha nuoc, phong tuc, tap quan, hon, tang, te of moi ncri tiiy thupc vao su thich img, lira chpn, sang tao ciia timg dan tpc"
Nho giao trong hpc, de cao nguoi co hpc va
thuc te da gop phan tao nen str minh triet va thong tue cho nhieu xa hpi Dong Ạ Mat khac, Nho giao ciing da thuc diy suphdt trien ciia
xd hgi hoc tap Tuy nhien, se la sai lam neu
truoc sau luon nhan manh den Nho giao nhu
la dac trung van hoa chung, duy nhat, co y
Ttdn Dinh Huỉu, "Hdn Quoc va Viet Nam - Mpt vdn dfi chung nhln tir goc do Nho gido", trong; Hgi Khoa hoc Ljch
vdn hoa Viel - TnSu trong Ifch siịH., 1977, tr 124
Trang 4Nghien cAu khoa hoc
nghTa bao trum len toan thi cac xa hoi ChJu A
ma quen di cac gia tri van hoa rifing, tang nin
cua mii dan tpc Chi rieng o vimg Dong A,
ngucri Han co Shaman giao, ngudi Nhat sung
Shinto giao, nguiri Viet co tuc tha Tii bat tir,
cac vi to tien, cimg bao gia tri van hoa khac
duoc hun due, ket luyen, ban dia hoa trong
tien trinh lich su, trong lao dpng sang tao va
trong cupc diu tranh di bao ve truyin thing
van hoa va nin dpc Ijip dan tpc''
Trong cac c5ng trinh da c6ng bi, cic nha
khoa hpc ViSt Nam va quic ti timg di sau
phan tich cac gia tri van h6a Chau A, nhimg
gia trj tang nin cua van minh khu vuc cimg
nhirng dong gop 1cm lao, vuot thcri dai cua
Nho giao, Dao giao, PhSt giao, Hindu giao,
Hii giao trong viec xac djnh nhimg muc
tieu, triet ly phat trien, nhiing trifit thuyet, tu
tucmg ve the gioi tu nhien va quan niem nhSn
sinh'^ Duoi nhttng sic mdu va diic tin ton
giao, nhieu gia tri van h6a Chau A, tir mflt si
trung tam, da lan toa din cac quoc gia khu
vyrc Di san vo gia cua van hoa Chau A duoc
the Men bang chiiu sau va tim cao ciia cac
triit luan, he tu tu6ng ma thong thuong o
phuang Dong la cac triet luan, tu tu6ng cua
nhihig ton giao IcSn Tren thuc te, cic ton giao,
hS tu tuong nhu Phat giao, Hindu giao, Hii
giao va Nho giao da tao dung dupc cac thai
" Phan Huy Le, "Vi^l Nam gitta hai khu vyc vdn hda Dong
- hoi Sli hoc Han Quoc - Qu^ Nghien ciiu Ljch sii Dong Bdc
A, Quan lie Vi4t l^am - Hdn Quoc Irong tich stf, Nxb The
gi(>i,H.,2007,lr 159-173
^ Lirong Ninh, "Ton gido vd xd hoi Chau A", trong; Phuong
Dong ttcrp tdc vdphdt trien, Sdd, tr 86-96; Dai hgc Khoa hoc
xd hpi vd nhan vdn - Trung tara Nghien ciiu t6n gido duong
d^ii, Vdn hda ton gido Irong boi cdnh todn cdu hoa, Nxb Ton
gido, H., 2010; Do Quang Hung, Chinh sdch ton gido vd Nhd
tr 135-146
dgi va Miong gign vdn hda rgng l&n, sau sac 6
vimg trung tSm va da dang, phong phu a vilng ngoai vi Cac kh6ng gian van h6a do khong phai la nhttng thi gioi bit dinh ma lu6n c6 sir chuyen djch qua thcri gian va gian no ve khong gian voi nhiiu chiiu kfch khac nhau Chinh sir gian nd hay lan toa cita cac khong gian van h6a - t6n gido da tao nen nhihig biic kham van hoa da sic cho cac xa hpi ChSu A
Trong ljch sii, vdn hoa Phgt gido, vdn hda Hindu gido, vdn hoa Hdi gido, dfiu hinh
thanh gin vdi nhiing dieu kien tu nhien, ljch sir, kinh te cimg nhimg tac nhan xa hpi khac
de tao nen cac dac tnmg rieng bifit Rfl rang, mpt nfin van hoa - tfln giao phat nguyen o vimg sa mac Tay A se co nhieu diim di bifit vdi cac nen van hoa - ton giao sinh thanh d cac vimg niii cao hay chau tho ciia cac h | thflng sflng trfin dit nudc An Dp, Trung Hoa, Ban dao Trieu Tifin, Nhat Ban, Vi?t Nam Dau
v&y, vupt qua gidi han vfi khong gian va thai
gian gitta cac truyin thing van hda, tfln giao
dd van c6 nhifiu difim chung ma sir giao hoa
ldn nhat la tinh nhan vdn, long khoan dung va tinh yeu thuong vo hgn gitta con ngudi vdi
con nguoi Nhd nhttng phim chit uu vi?t va gia trj linh thieng do ma khi truyin ba den cac nin van hda khac, cac tfln giao ldn ciia Chau
A lufln tim dupc tiing ndi chung, sir ding cam, tieng ndi dflng dieu vdi cac nin vSn hoa, van minh khac cua khu virc va nhan loai Dfin vcii nhiing the gidi va xa h0i khac la, nhin chung cac nfin van hda va tfln giao cua Tay A, An Dp, Trung Hoa deu c6 thi mau chong tham nhap, hda than vao ddi sflng van
hda ciia nhifiu dan tpc Chau A bdi tinh da nguyen vdn hoa luon la mfli trudng va cd dp
dung chiia cao cho cac nhan t i mdi, yfiu t i
Trang 5Nghiencitu khoa hoc
ngoai sinh nay mim, phat triin Cung cin phai
ndi them la, chau A dac biet la thi gidi Dong
Nam A, timg la dia ban sinh tu cua nhiiu cpng
dflng cu dan ma tir c i xua hp da sdm cd tuc
xen canh, xen cu va nang lire thich nghi vdi
mfli trudng sinh thai phi tap La dja ban sang
tao va chuyin giao gitta cac trung tam van
hda, cac cpng ding cu dan Dong Nam A vin
cimg timg quen vdi vific tiip nhan nhifiu yiu
tfl van hda, tfln giao, tin ngudng, he tu tudng
ciia khu vuc va the gidi tren nin ciia mot thi
gidi da than Mflt each tu nhifin, nhiiu yiu t i
van hda dd da thim thiu, dem lai sinh lire phat
trien mdi va trd thanh dac trung van hda cua
khu virc Khflng dfli nghich va hiim ky, trai
qua mflt qua trinh tiep bifin, gan Ipc van hda,
cu dan Chau A da tiep nhan nhung yeu tfl
ngoai sinh tiiy theo nhu cau phat trifin van hda,
tam thi chinh tri va boi canh xa hpi cua dan
tpc minh
Vdi nhieu xa hpi Chau A, su hda luyen giiia
Nho - Phat - Dao duac biiu dat, khac ghi
trong thiit chi chinh tri, each thirc tfl chiic,
quan ly nha nude, tinh than cfl kfit cflng dflng,
quan he gia dinh, y niem xa hoi, gia tri dao
due, niem tin tfln giao; trong cac cflng trinh
kifin tnic, tac pham nghfi thuat, sang tac van
hpc cimg biit bao phong tuc, tap quan, sinh
hoat van hda khac'' Cac gia tri dd lufln thi
" V^ hifn tU(?ng "Tam gido dfing nguyfin" trong lich sir vdn
hoa Viet Nam, nhd nghien ciiu Nguyin Hue Chi timg viet;
"Dd Id phuang thiic img xu cua ngiriri Viet, bat ky Nho sTtri
thirc hay ke it hoc hdnh chi can mh cdc tdc pham cua Le Quy
Don, Ngo Thi ST cung thdy rdng, dii thin dai ndo, dii Nho
gido CO d§c tdn dfn dau thi Phdt gido vd Dao gido vdn ludn
ludn deo dSng, l^y "Nho gido nhu mot duyen no, vita h6a gidi
diroc cdch nhln cirng nhde ciia h? tir tudng Nho gido trong
ho, vtra c6 tdc dyng nang da tdm hdn ho, gidp cho tinh cam
ciia ho tre nen thanh thdn vd cung thfm uyen chuyfn, mjm
" V j hifn tuong dung hi;ip ffong van hoa Vift Nam", trong:
hien sau dam mgt tinh thdn hoa hgp gitta moi
cd nhdn vdi cgng ddng, gitta con ngudri vdi t}ie gi&i tu nhien va moi trudng song Tu duy triet
hpc phuong Dong khflng dat con nguod trong thi doi difin, dii lap vdi thfi gidi tu nhifin, khong coi tu nhifin la dfli tuong can phai chinh phuc Han the, con ngudi, du la nhirng sinh the khon ngoan, giau nang luc sang tao ciing ehi la nhung sinh linh be nho, chiu sir van dpng, tac dflng va chuyen bien khon cimg cua cac he sinh thai va vii tru ma thfli
Nghi suy v i cuflc sflng, chung ta hiiu them
quy luat sinh - tru - di - dift cua tu nhien va
cua mufln loai de tir dd them tin yeu ve nhirng gia tri cua cupc sing; nfl luc hy sinh, cing hifin cho nhiing muc tifiu cao dep ciia cuflc sflng Va cung chinh vi thfi, ma mfli ngudi cung nhu cflng ding cin phai cd each thuc
ling Xil khoan dung, binh di, nhan ai han vai
cac cpng dong cu dan khac va ca vdi the gidi
tu nhifin neu nhu Idiflng mufln bi tu nhifin trimg phat
3 Nhirng ap lire van hoa tir phuwng Tay Trong qua trinh phat triin lau dai, cimg vdd quan he kinh ti, bang giao gitta cac dSn tpc Chau A cung da cd nhiiu mfli giao luu van hda Su hinh thanh cac tuyin giao thuong khu vuc va quflc te da gdp phin nii ket cac quoc gia khu vuc'"* Song song vdi ddng chay kinh
te, cac ddng chay van hda, sire hap din cua cac nen van hda khac la, cac tnmg tam van
Nhieu tdc gia, Lich sic, su thgt vd sir hoc, T^p chi Xira va Nay
An, "Trilt 1^ phuang Dong frong kiln Uiic kinh do Huf",
ttong:/.ic/j Slf, sir thdt vd sir hoc,S3<i,tT 159-162 '* Kenneth R.Hall, Maritime Trade and State Development in EarlQ> Southeast Asia, University of Hawaii Press, 1985, pp.26-47; Andre Gunder Frank, ReOrient - Global Economy
in the Asian Age, University of Califomia Press, 1998,
pp.92-116
Trang 6Nghien cAu khoa hoc
minh ciing nhu cac ddng thifin di da lam cho
cae dan tpc Chau A trd nen gan gui hon
Nhung, sir phat trifin ciia van hda Chau A lufln
chju tac dflng cila mfli trudng chinh trj, van
hda the gidi Hi?n tupng giao luu, dan xen,
hda luyen va ca cuang che van hda ciing da
timg difin ra khflng chi dfli vdi khu vuc van
hoa Dflng A ma con vdi ca cac quflc gia Nam
A, Tay A '
Chau A, trong dd co khu vuc van hda Dong
A, timg la mflt trong nhimg trung tam phat
trifin sdm va dat dupc nhieu thanh tuu r\rc rd
vi van hda Day ciing la mpt trong nhiing
trung tam van minh Itrii nhat ciia nhan loai Sir
hung thinh, tru phii cua phuong Dflng da thoi
thuc cac nha tham hiem, thucmg nhan phucmg
Tay tim den cac xir sd phuong Dflng giau cd"
Tuy nhien, tu thi ky XVII-XVIIl trd di, cimg
vdi sir xam nhap ngay cang manh me cua cac
Cflng ty Dong An va doan truyen giao, cupc
xung dot van hda Dong - Tay ngay cang trd
nen gay gat hon He qua la, sau hang loat
nhiing thach thttc va xung dpt quan su, nhieu
quoc gia Chau A, trong dd nhirng nudc da
timg la cudng quoc, cd nen van hda phat trien
rue rd, da phai lfi thupc vao phuang Tay va
tham chi ca cac thfi lire khu v\rc Trudc sir
tham nhap ngay cang manh me cua cac cudng
" Dai hoc Khoa hpc xd h^i vd nhdn vdn, Dai hoc Qudc gia
Hd NOi, Viel Nam trong h? Ihong thuang mdi Chdu A the Ity
XVI-XVII, Nxb Thf gidi, H , 2007 Nguyen Van Kim, "Quan
hf giao thucmg gitta cdc qudc gia Dong A the ky XVI-XVH",
trong: Quan he Viet Nam - Hdn Quoc Irong lich sic, Sdd, tr
253-274; Nguyin Manh Dung, Viet Nam trong qud khir- Tu
lifu vd nhdn thuc, Nxb Chinh trj Quoc gia, H., 2013
'* Andrew CNahm, Lich sir vd Vdn hda bdn ddo Trieu Tien,
h^c xd hpi vd nhdn van, Dai hpc Qudc gia Hd Npi, Hdn Qudc
- Uch sic, vdn hda, Nxb Van hda, H., 1996, tr 235-273;
Voun Dae-Yeong - Nguyen Van Kim - Nguyen Mgnh Dung,
Lich sir quan he Vi?t Nam - Hdn QuSc (1862-1945), Nxb
Lao ddng, H., 2014
quflc phuang Tay, nin "van hda thuan khiet" cua cdc xa hpi Chau A da diin ra nhifiu bien dfli ma thay dfli ldn nhat la tim tu duy vfi mpt thfi gidi rpng ldn khflng chi ctia gidi tinh hoa
ma cdn cua ca nhiiu giai ting trong xa hpi Va ngudi ta cOng hiiu rang, vific tiip nhSn cong nghfi, ky thuat phuong Tay ciing nhu cac phong tyc, tap quan, ngfln ngtt phuang Tay
la nhirng yfiu cau, tifiu chi khong the thieu nfiu mufln xSy d\mg mpt xa hfli cflng nghidp
Vi v^y, ngay ttt the ky XIX, nhiiu gia trj ciia van hda phucmg Dflng da dupc chinh ngudi Chau A djt ra va xem xet l?i Trudc sire manh ciia phuong Tay, cung cd quan diim cho rang, nfin van hda cua cac quflc gia Chau
A da trd nen lac hau, bao thu, can trd tiin trinh phat triin ljch su Cdn van minh phuang Tay
la phat triin, tien tien Do vay, mufln thoat khdi nguy co xam lupc cua phuang Tay thi phai tiin hanh duy tan, cai cdch, phai ap dung nhiing khudn m^u, ly thuyet phat trien phuang Tay Tam nao chinh tri cimg each thiic tu duy
dd da din den kfit qua la, tu tudng "Khai
quflc" (Kalkoku) da hmh thanh d Nhat Ban va
nhieu quflc gia Chau A Su hpi nhap vcii the gicii, thyrc hifin cong nghifip hda, hifin dai hda lufln dupc hifiu dflng nghia vdi phuang Tdy
hda! Cac trao luu Hd Lan hgc, Tdy duang hgc,
Au hgc rfli Hoa Ky hgc hay Nhgt Bdn hgc (vdi
phong trao Dflng Du nfli tieng) d nhieu quflc gia Chau A da hinh thanh trong bfli canh dd
4 Van hoa va cac muc tieu ph^t trien
Trai qua qua trinh dau tranh bao v§ nen dpc lap va xay dung dat nudc, cac dan toe Chau A ngay cang nhan thiic ro hem cac gia trj van hda ban dia va ban sac van hda dan tpc minh" Dd
" Yu Insun, "Hdnh tich cua Ly Long Tuimg hgu duf vucmg
hieu L^, Vift Nam"; Park Hee Byung, "Trf thiic hgu Choson
Trang 7Nghien cvm khoa hoc
la di san vfl gia, dupc hun due tu truyin thing
va chieu sau ljch su Id nhdn td cd kit tinh
thdn ddn tgc, tgo nen siic mgnh cua todn thi
ddn tgc vd Id dgng lire cho mdi qudc gia tren
con du&ng phdt triin vd hoi nhgp v&l thi giai
Chiing ta deu nhan thuc ring, qua trinh toan
ciu hda hifin nay da va dang djt ra nhiiu thach
thirc cho cae dan tpc trong viec bao tin, gitt
gta ban sac va phat huy cae gia trj van hda
truyfin thflng Mpt lin ntta, nhirng thach thiic
ve van hda la mpt trong vin di sing cdn doi
vdi nhieu quflc gia Chau A Vcii chieu sau va
nhirng gia trj djc sic v i van hda, van hda chSu
A khflng thfi bj dong hda, phai md ban sac
tnrdc nhttng lan sdng van hda thfi gidi ma hem
the se tiep tuc cd nhiing ddng gdp tieu bieu,
xirng dang cho su phat trien da dang, phong
phu va sir tiin bp ciia van minh nhan loai Sau
nhung bifin dpng ldn ciia ljch su nhan loji dau
nhiing nam 1990, Chau A dang djnh difin lai
minh, dang nhSn thttc lai chinh minh trong su
phat trien chung cua thfi gidi d mpt cip dp
khac hep hon, trong pham vi Dflng A, nin van
hda nude nay cung khong the la ban sao chep
khd cimg, md nhat ciia nfin van hda khac
Trong khi di sau tim hiiu nhung djc tinh
tuong ding ve ljch su, van hda giua cac dan
tpc Chau A, chiing ta cung khdng thi khflng
chu y din mpt thue ti la, gitta cac quflc gia
khu vuc cung cd nhieu khac bifit ve dieu kifin
tu nhifin, quy mfl dan si, con dudng, trrnh dp
phat triin kinh tfi cung nhu cac van de ciia
chung, rifing ma mfli quflc gia Chau A dang
phai doi difin Vific tim hifiu, nghien t±a thau
dao nhiing khac biet dd cung la difiu het sue
cin thiit Bdi vi, chi cd nhu vSy, chiing ta mcii
vd vift Nam", trong: Quan he Viel Nam - Hdn Qudc trong
lichsu,Sii,<r.32-i7,62-T\
cd thi ed dupe nhiing nhan thuc diy du, toan dien vi su phat trifin da dang ciia ljch su, van hda Chau A, ve nhirng dac tinh khac bifit cua mfli trudng tu nhifin, xa hpi va van hda di ttt
dd cimg nhau chia se, khic phye nhttng khd khan, thach thtic chung, rifing trong cac xa hfli Chau A hien nay Tren ca sd do, mfli thanh vifin khu vuc Chau A cd thfi lira chpn cho minh mpt chien lupc phat trifin van hda, kinh
ti - xa hfli phil hap Difiu quan trpng la, nhitng ngucri hofich djnh eac chifin lupe phat trifin khflng thfi ehi tinh den lpi ich cua dan tpc minh ma khflng suy xet din viec cin phai bao dam lpi ich ciia dan tflc khac ciing nhu eua toan the khu vuc
Trong khi chil truong cd eai nhin khoan dung, rpng liSn ve eac nen van hda thfi gidi chiing ta cung khong the qufin rang, dpng luc thyc su cho su phat triin cua cac dan tpc chlnh
la nfin tang van hda, tiem nang tri thttc cua dan tpc dd va cimg vdi nhttng nhSn tfl nfiu trfin la nang luc nhan thuc, kha nang du bao vi xu the cua thdi dai de nam bat ca hpi phat trien Difiu quan trpng la, trudc day ciing nhu hien nay, su phat trifin cua mfli quflc gia lufln can phai the hien mflt tinh than trach nhifim cao dfli vdi cpng dflng khu vuc Khflng the cd mpt nen van hda nay dimg trfin nin van hda khac, tu cho minh quyen uy day bao, "khai hda" nfin van hda khac bj eoi la lac h$u, thip kem han! Mat khac, ciing cSn nhan thirc thau to rang,
sy phat trien thuc sy cua mflt quoc gia khflng chi duac do dfim bang cac chi so tang truomg kinh te, thu nhap binh quan theo dau ngucri (GDP) ma cdn phai ham chua trong dd cac chuin mue van hda, tieu chi vfi giao due, an sinh xa hpi gin vdi muc tifiu phat triin ben viing va su hda hpp gitta cac he gia trj 6
Trang 8Nghien cihi khoa hpc
Chau A, tu trudc din nay, mpt xa hpi phat
ttien lufln phai tim gap va tim dupc tieng ndi
chung gitta gid tri cd nhdn, gid tri nhdm, gid
tri glal cdp, gid trf cgng dong, gid tri tidn tgc,
gid trt khu vifc va gid tri quoc te Cai ma
chiing ta quan ni$m ve mdi "tuong sinh, tuong
khac" tren phuang difin xa hpi thudng bit
ngufln tu sir kfit hpp hai hda fiay bat hda gitta
cac gia trj hoae nhdm gia trj nay Va ngudi ta
van hieu "Nang thuyin la dan ma lat thuyfin
eung la dan" chinh la khi gia tri ca nhan, gia tri
nhdm hay gia trj giai cap khong gan lien va
tim dupc tiing ndi chung vdi gia trj dan tpc,
thdi dai ntta Tu nhirng trai nghiem ljch su,
hin la ehiing ta deu chia se chung mflt quan
nifim: Xay dung mpt xa hfli hudng din sir phat
trien bfin viing, tfln trpng y nguyfin, quyen Xtft,
niim hanh phiic ciia nhan dan la muc tifiu,
phupng cham htoh dpng ding thdi la chiin
lupc phat triin cda cdc chinh thi Chau A "
Ciing cin phai ndi them la, trong hdnh ttinh
van hda cua eac dan tpc Chau A, sire sing v4
ban ITnh cua mflt nfin van hda khflng chi la sy
trudng tdn, phgm vi va mttc dp anh hudng ma
cdn la kha ndng thich nghi, nang luc ttng dfli
trudc nhirng bien dfli ciia mfli trucmg van hda,
chinh trj khu vuc va thfi gidi Cd the cho rdng,
van de gia trj, dac tinh, ban liiih, ban sdc vdn
hda la mpt chu de khoa hpc thii vj, cin phai
tifip tue di sau nghien eiiu hem ntta dfi ttt dd
hudng tdi mpt nhan thue sau sdc vd toan difin
ve cdc gid tri vdn hda ciia mfli quflc gia Chdu
A dflng thdi gdp phan kifin tao nen nhirng ddc
Yoshihara Kunio, Vdn hda the che vd tdng trucmg hnh te
- Nghien cicu so sdnh Hdn Quoc vdt Thdi Lan, Nxb Chinh tri
Qudc gia, H., 1996; Ttdn Quang Minh - N g d Xudn Binh, Tdt
ca cdu h? lhdng tdi chtnh Hdn Qudc sau khdng hodng tdi
chinh 1997-1998 - Nhicng kinh nghipn vd goi y cho Vi4t
Mim, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hpi, H , 2004
trung van hda ehung, tifiu biiu ciia toan thfi khu vuc
5 Vai trd cua cac tnrcmg dai hpc trong sing tao vSn hoa
Van hda, vdi tinh chit va ddc trung cila nd,
lufln chtta dyng trong dd tinh kit tu vd lan tda
Stte m?nh va chiiu sau vdn hda cua khu vuc Chau A chic chdn se tao nfin ca sd cho su phdt trien ben viing, mOt tinh than hpp tac vd su tin cdy gitta cde quic gia Thiu hiiu, truyen d?y
va nhdn Ifin cac gid trj vdn hda truyfin thong, cae di san ket tinh trong ca tang va ddi sdng vdn hda cua cac xa hdi Chau A, cdc xa hpi hpc tap la stt menh cua trudng dai hpc 6 day, tfli muin bdy td quan niem ve bfln chttc ndng ca bdn cua cac tnrdng dai hpc, ddc bifit la cac dai
hpc hang dau: (1) Dal hgc Id next ddo tgo ngudn nhdn lire chdt lugng cao, trinh do cao, nhimg cong ddn tm tit cho xd hgi, (2) Id vu&n ucm khoa hgc, nai hun due vd nudi du&ng cdc u&c ma, khdt vgng sdng tgo; (3) Id nat tiip nhdn vd chuyen giaa cdc ket qud, thdnh ttni nghien dm, cdc sdn phdm khoa hgc vd cdng nghe; vd (4) Id trung tdm nghien cuu, bdo tdn, phdt trien, giao luu vd sdng tgo vdn hda
Nhu vdy, trudng dai hpe khong chi la nhiing trung tdm ddo tao, nghien ettu ma cdn
la mpt trung tam vdn hda Tu ldu, d cac quflc gia Dflng A, tai cdc truomg hpc va dai hpc da hinh thanh cdc khuynh hucing, trucmg phdi hpc thuat Tmh thin sdng tao vd su tranh bifin gitta cdc trudng phai (hay hpc phai) chic chdn se thuc day nen hpc thuat va trinh dp tri thuc ciia mflt quflc gia Qua dd vd qua nhitng ttdi nghifim thuc tifin, cdc ttTrdng hpe la nai gdp phan dao luyen nfin cac nhd nghifin ettu, nhd khoa hpc vd dpi ngu tri thttc cho dit nudc Trong mil quan he rpng ldn hem, cung vdi cac
70
Trang 9Nghiencuru khoa hoc
vien nghien cuu, t i chuc chinh hi, xa hdi,
tnrdng dai hpc (ddc biet la cac nhdm nghien
ettu manh, trung tam nghifin cuu xuit sdc) la
nai tao ra cac san phim khoa hpc chit lupng
cao dong thdi la moi trudng khai day cde gia
trj vdn hda, hun due tinh thdn yen nude va
long tu hao ddn tpc
Thyc tfi chp thdy, trude nhiing budc ngoat
ljch su, chinh vai ttd tifin phong, tinh thin sang
tao cua cdc trudng dai hpc, cua dpi ngu tri
thttc vd gidi tinh hoa {elite) la nhan t i quan
trpng dfi hpi tu stte manh va tinh thin thflng
nhat cua mpt dan tpc Nfin tang tri thuc, chiiu
sau van hda vd chu nghia yfiu nudc thudng kit
tinh ttong dpi ngu lanh dao, gidi tri thuc va
chinh hp la nhthig ngudi dam duong su mfinh
dan dit su phat trifin cua cdc dan tpc Ban ITnh
chinh ttj, tim kiin vdn cua dpi ngii lanh dao la
mpt ttong nhiing co sd, nhan tfl quan frpng
giup cho dan tOc dd vupt qua nhimg thach
thttc khic nghifit cua ljch stt dflng thdi cd the
dua ra cae quyit sdch, chiin lupc phdt ttiin
phu hap vdi xu thfi etta thdi dai
Trong cudc chuyin minh cua cdc quflc gia
Chau A, ttiiyfin thong, di san vd cdc gid trj vdn
hda lufln la nhan td ket ty tinh cam dan tpc
dflng thdi lao nfin dong luc manh me cho sy
phdt ttifin cua cac dan tpc Mot phuong cham
hanh dflng "Cdng nghe phuang Tdy, llnh thdn
Nhdt Bdn", vd khiu hifiu gdn lifin vdi mue tieu
phdt ttifin: "Dudi kip phuang Tdy, tien kip
phuang Tdy vd vutpt phuang Toy" dd tao nfin
nhung dpng luc manh mE cho dit nude Nhat
Ban dat dupc thdnh cflng vd hon thfi da thyc
hifin cupc "thoat thai" dau tien dfi tao nen mpt
quic gia cflng nghiep ttt ttong chinh cdi nfli
cua xa hfli Chau A truyin thflng Vdi Han Quflc, nhung quyet djnh ljch su giai doan 1960-1970 Cling da hpp thanh xung iyc cho su van dpng, bifin ehuyfin eua ca mflt dat nudc de ddn den "Ky tich sflng Han" La mflt quflc gia phat trifin, Han Quoc dang thfi hifin moi quan
he da dang, rpng Itin vdi cdc nudc Chau A va the gidi™ Trong moi lifin he chat che vdi cac muc tieu kinh tfi va md rflng dnh hudng, mpt
so trao luu van hda Han Quflc ciing cd nhttng tae dpng khong nhd din ddi sing van hda cua nhifiu quflc gia Chau A va the gidi^' Trong xu thfi phdt triin chung cua quan hfi hpp tac khu vuc vd hai nudc Viet Nam - Han Quic, nhieu nganh khoa hpc, ttong dd ed
Chdu A hoc hay Dong phucmg Iwc va cimg vdi do la ngdnh Hdn Quoc hgc a Viet Nam va Viet Nam hgc d Han Quflc dang cd nhifiu difiu
kien, frien vpng phat triin Cttng vcii eac trucmg dai hpe, eae ehuyen gia, nha nghifin ciru ttt cdc hpc vien, vien nghien ettu cua Vi^t Nam vd Han Quie dang cd nhifiu nfl luc di hap tae vtji cac nhd khoa hpc khu vye, quoc te cimg nhau tifin hanh nhirng chuang ttinh
nghien ciru mang tinh da ngdnh Hen ngdnh vd
Michio Morishima, Tai sao Nhdt Bdn "thdnh cong"? -Cdng nghe phuang Toy vd linh cdch Nhdt Bdn, Nxb Khoa
hoc xa hpi, R , 1991, tr 86-88
^ Ngo Xudn Binh - Pham Quy Long, Hdn Quoc Iren dirdng phdt tridn, Nxb Thing kf, H., 2000; Duang Thiiy Hiln, "D^u
tu true tifp cua Han Qudc d Vift Nam"; Park NohWan,
"Nhimg thay ddi trong chinh sdch doi ngoai ciia Vift Nam vd
Han Qudc sau Chiln tranh Lanh", Tgp chi Nghien cuu Dong
e & i , s 6 6(148), 2013, tr 15-24,3-14
^' Ly Xuan Chung, "Han lira d mdt sd nudc Chdu A", Tgp chi Nghien nh/ Ddng B5c 4, sd 7( 149), 2013, tr 44-51; Trdn Ngpc Thfim (Cb.), Nhiing vdn de vdn ttdo, xg hgi vd con nguoi Hdn Quoc, Nxb Dai hpc Qudc gia TP Hd Chi Minh,
2002; Pham Quy Long - Nguyen Thj Phi Nga, "NhiJng yeu
td dnh hudng din su hlnh thdnh vd phdt trifn cua vdn hda
ciru Bdng Bdc A, sd3 (145), 2013, tt 29-38
NQHIEN Cdu vtma BAC t i s6 5{i7i) 5-2015
Trang 10Nghien cihi khoa hpc
theo quan diem, each tiep can Miu vuc hgc
Trong thdi gian qua, ben canh nhiing cflng
trinh nghien ciru tflng quan ve khu vuc Chau
A, vfi mflt so vung va tieu viing, frong su hpp
tac chat che vdi cdc nha nghifin eiiu khu vuc,
dpi ngu cac nha khoa hpe hai nudc cdn thuc
hien nhifiu cflng trinh khao ciiu chuyen sdu
tten cac ITiih vyc sft hpc, vdn hpe, vdn hda,
triit hgc, nhan hpc, xa hpi hpe, kinh te, quan
he quic tị Do nhu ciu phat trien ciia quan he
ngoai giao, hpp tdc kinh t i va giao luu van hda
vific gidng day ngon ngtt gan vcii van hda, van
hpc, tim hiiu xa hfli cung dang dupc thuc diy
d hai nudế Cdc thanh tyu nghien ettu đ da
va dang dem 1^ nhirng nhan thttc mdi, thiic
diy sy phdt trien kinh te - xd hfli ding thdi gdp
phin cung c i va nang cao hom ntta quan he
hpp tac toan dien gitta hai nudc cung nhu khu
vuc^"
Vu Minh Giang, "Khu vyc hoc v6i nghien c(hi Phucmg
D6ng"; Ph^m Diic Ducmg, "Phucmg Dong \h DSng phirong
hpc" trong: Dai hoc Khoa hoc XSL hoi va nh§n v&n, Dong
phucmg hgc Vi4l Nam, Nxb D^i hpc Quoc gia Ha NOi, H.,
hpc Viet Nam theo d[nh huong khu virc hpc", Tgp chi
Nghien cuu Dong Bdc A, s6 7(161), 2014, tr 27-33
^' Yoon Yeo Tak, "Giang day tilng H ^ vk vSn hpc Han
Quoc trong Han Quoc hoc"; Kim Jung-Sub, "Nghien cihi tai
Han Qu6c vl giang d^y tilng H ^ cho ngudi Viet: Thyc
trang v^ trien vpng"; Nguyin Thj Hi6n, "D6i moi trong giang
day v5n hpc Han Quoc - Tir v3n hpc den vSn h6a", Tgp chi
Nghien dm Dong Bdc A, so 7(161),'2014, tr
3-12,13-26,34-46; Dinh V3n Diic, "Phucmg Dfing - M^t cdi nhln dia - ng6n
ngU ti!r Vi^t Nam", trong: Phuang Dong hgc Viet Nam, Sđ,
tr 91-95; Nguyin Thj Tham, "Vai tr6 cua thi he 386 trong xS
hpi Han Quoc", Tgp chi Nghien aiu Dong Bdc A, so 6 (148),
2013, tr 36-46
^* C6 the xem cac cong trinh nhin Le Quang Thiem, Vdn
hoa, vdn minh vdyeu td vdn hoa truyen thong Hdn, Nxb Van
hpc, H., 1998; Ngudi Viet Nam a Trieu Tien vd mdi giao luu
vdn hoa Viel - Trieu trong lich su, H., 1977; 10 ndm đo tgo
vd nghien cuu Hdn Qudc tgi Vỉt Nam, Nxb Dai hpc Quoc
ljch su, Nxb Thi g\d\, H., 2007; Pham H6ng Thai, "Nghifin
cim Han Qufic a Viet Nam qua Tap chi Nghien curu E)6ng
Nhiing nam gan day, nhi^u nha nghien cmi, lanh d£io Chdu A (ma tieu bilu la nguyen Thii tirong Singapore Ly Quang Dieu) luon nhin
manh d6n sue mgnh ciia gia tri van hoa Chau
A va coi do nhir m6t lai thi cgnh tranh cua
khu virc (voi truySn th6ng giao due, phucmg thiic to chirc xa h^i, each thuc quan ly doanh nghiep ) ciia nhieu quoc gia Chau A so vdi cac mo thue ciia Tdy Au va Mỵ Trong doi s6ng chinh tri khu vue, van hoa va cac gia tri van hoa la mot trong nhiJng van de cot loi voi cac quoc gia Chau A hien nay tren con duong
phdt trien, eung co moi quan he hop tdc va xay dung long tin giija eac nuac trong khu
vuc^^
Viee tiep tuc di sau tim hieu, nghien cuu, lam sang to cac gia tri van hoa Chau A khong chi la muc tieu ma con la yeu cau can thiet de tir do gop phan xay dimg chi8n luoc, kien tao
mo hinh phat trien, hoach dinh chinh sach quan ly, dieu hanh xa hgi cua cae quoc giạ Ben eanh do, ehinh co ehe, dgng lue cung nhimg he Iu|n da chieu cua qua trinh tiep bien
va giao lim van hoa; nhimg dac tnmg rieng bift ciia cac khong gian van hoa Chau A cung nhu nhihig gia tri bin vihig nhung cilng day nang dpng, sang tao eua van hoa Chau A v.v van la nhung chii de nghien cuu cdn phai trien
BSc A", trong: TMc đy Hdn Qudc hoc a Vỉt Nam, Sđ, tr
85-104
" Phan Huy Le, "Viet Nam trong quan he vdi Dong Nam A
v i Dfing A", trong D^i hpc Khoa hpc xS hoi v i nhSn vSn, D^i hpc Quoc gia Ha Nfii - Dai hpc Khoa hpc xS hfii va nhan v3n,
DEI! hpc Qu6c ^ a TP Ho Chi Minh, Phuang Dong hgp tdc vdphdt triin, Nxb D^i hpc Qu6c gia H i Npi, H., 2003, tr
39-47; Tran Qu6c Vupng, "Truyin tii6ng vSn h6a Vỉt Nam
trong boi canh Dong Nara A v i Dfing A", trong: Van hoa Vi4t Nam lim toi vd suy ngam, Nxb VSn hfia Dan tpc - T^p
chi van hoa Nghe thuat, 2000, tr 22-23; Vu Duong Ninh,
Phuang Dong hgp tdc vd phdt trien, Sđ, tr 98-104
72