Ngoii ra, dfli ngfl lao dgng xuit khau cung co the dupc coi li mgt bp phto cua GCCN, theo Bfl Lao dpng, Thucmg bmh viXi hfli, hien tai dfii ngu niy li ban 500.000 ngufii, lim viec trong
Trang 1XAY DUNG GIAI CAP CONG NHAN TRONG GIAI DOAN DAY MANH CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIENDAI HOA DAT NI/OC
PGS.TS NGUYEN THANH TUAN*
Phit triin visSluong, cbit luifng, ti ch6c, ddng thai vfii vi$c ning cao giic ng^ vi bin Bnh cbinb tijcbogiaicip cdngnbin tbifcsifxHngdinglibfcliiongdidiii tiongqui trinb dSymanb cdngn^$p bda, bi$n d^ hda dit nude cd vai trd bit siic quan trpng Chinb vi v$y,vi$c giii quyit tit vin divi$c lim, thunhip, tiiifchiinttgbiemcblnbsicb,pbipluit vilao ddng, tiin luong, bio biim vi chim sdc, phuc hdi sic khde, nbi 6 cOng nim pbit tnin cic tdchiicdoin tbi trong cdng nliin tbudceickhu vifckinb tiii ditungbudc thifc bi$n t8tnlii$m vif xiy dtfng giai dp eOngnliin trong giai So^n mdi dnudc ta
1 Thyc tt;uig giai c ^ cflngnhto hifin nay
Thu nhit, ve so luqng giai cip cong
nhan (GCCN)
Vio giua thipnien90thekyXX,khidft
nuoc buflc vio giai doan day manh cflng
nghiep hfia, hien dai hfia (CNHHDH),
GCCN cfi khotog 5 trifiu ngufii Tbeo Tfing
cue Thfing kfi danh gii, dfin cufii nam
2005, so lugng cflng nhfin thuflc cic thinh
phto kinh tfi l i 11,3 trifiu nguoi (chifim
13,5% dto sfi, 26,46% lye lugng lao dgng
xi hfii) Hifin nay, ci nuoc co khoing 13
trifiu cong nban tryc tifip lim viec trong
cic doanh nghifip va co so' sto xuat - kinh
doanh thupc cic khu vyc kinh tfi
Cflng nhto thuflc cic doanh nghiep nhi
nuoc cfl xu hufing gitoi do qua trinh day
manh cfi phan hfia So lugng cflng nhto
khu vyc kinh tfi nggii nhi nufic chu yfiu
ttag 6 TP Hfi Chi Minh, Hi Ngi, Hii
Phong, Dfing Nai, Binh Duong, Di Ntog
Theo Tdng cyc Thong ke cho biet, hien co khotog 2 trifiu lao dfing lim viec tai 285 khu cflng nghiep (KCN), khu che xuat (KCX) thupc 58 tinh, thinh phfi Ngoii ra, dfli ngfl lao dgng xuit khau cung co the dupc coi li mgt bp phto cua GCCN, theo Bfl Lao dpng, Thucmg bmh viXi hfli, hien tai dfii ngu niy
li ban 500.000 ngufii, lim viec trong mfli truong cfing nghiep hien dai, co difiu kifin hgc tap, ren luyen chuyfin mfin, tay nghe, ntog cao tic phong cfing nghiep Hien tugng thay dfii viec lim, nghe nghiep ciia cfing nhto cflng co cliifiu hufing gia ttog vi dien ra thuflng xuyen 6' tft ca thinh phto kinh tfi, nhat la a dfii ngfl lao dfing tai khu vuc kinh tfi ngoii nhi nufic Vi viy, GCCN chi chifim hon 20% lye lugng lao dpng ca nuoc, nhung htog nim dflng gflp khotog 50% tfing sto pham xi bfli va bio dam hon 60% ngto sich nha nuoc
* Hoc vifn Chnih tri qu& gia H 6 Chi Minh
TAP CHl Q U A N Lf NHA NUdC - Sd 231 (4/2015)
Trang 2Thuhai, ve chat luang cua ddi ngu cong
nhan lao dong
Dp tudi b'mh quta ciia cfing nhta nufic
ta nhin chung tte, nhom cflng nhto til 18
-30 tufii chifim 36,4%; trong cic doanh
nghifip diu tu nuflc ngoii, cfing nhto dufli
25 moi chifim 43,4%, til 26 - 35 tufii chifim
34,7%, tu 36 - 45 tuoi chifim 14% Hfiu hgt
cflng nhta dugc tiep can voi kinh tfi thi
truong nen ntag dflng, thich ling nhanh vdi
cflng nghe hifin dai Tufii nghe cua cong
nhto: duoi 1 nim chiem 6,9%, til 1 - 5 nim:
30,6%, tii 6 -10 nim: 16,4%, tit 11 -15 nim:
10,5%, 16 - 20 nim; 16,8%, 21 - 25 nam:
13,3% va ttfin 25 nim: 5,5%
Ve trinh do hpc vta, vio "nim 2010, cfi
10,5% tr'mh dg tieu hgc; 43,7% tr'mh dfl
trung hgc ca sfl'; 45,5% cfl trinh dfl tifiu hpc
phfi thflng, die bifit vin cfin 0,28% ngufli
lao dfing khflng bifit chil"' Tr'mh dfi nghe
nghiep cfla cfing nhto tuy di dugc nfing
cao nhung chua dip iing dupc yeu ciu dft
ra Chi tinh rieng "6 nam 2010, cfl tfli 75%
lao dpng chua qua hpc nghfi tai cac co so
dio tgo ngoai doanh nghiep, ttong sfi niy
cfl khotog 94% ngufli dugc dio tao ngin
han tai doanh nghiep trufic khi bit diu
cfing viec ciia m'mh Chi cfl 9,5% cfing nhto
lao dflng ky thuit, 3,7% cfing nhta cfl ttinh
dp Bung cip, 3% cao dtog vfi 5,6% cfl trinh
dfi dai hpc Nfiu tinh chung sfi cfing nhta
dugc dfio tag nghfi (ca 6 cic co sfi vi doanh
nghifip) thi ty le cfing nhto lao dfing bic
cao la rat it Sfi cflng nhto bac 4 chifim 8,4%
va bic 6 - 7 chi chifim 3,2%"^
Tinh ttang mit cto dfii trong ca ciu lao
dgng ky thuit kha lfin Nhifi'u doanh nghiep
cfl thifit bi cfing nghfi cao nhimg lai thifiu
cfing nhan linh nghfi Die biet, chi co
khotog 70% cflng nhan dang lim nhimg
cflng viec phu hpp voi ngtah nghfi dio tao
Tmh liinh nay da lim ban chfi ntag suit, chat
lugng sta pham vi gay Itag phi ttong dao tao
n
nghfi So voi yeu ciu day manh CNHHDH dit nuoc vi so vfii tiinh dp cfing nhto 6' cic nuoc ttong khu vuc vi thfi gioi thi trinh dp bgc vto ciia cfing nhto nufic ta cfln thip Mat khic, dpi ngfl cflng nhto cfl trinh dfi hpc van cao phto bfi khflng dfing deu, thuong tip trung 6 mgt sfi thinh pho lon va mgt sfi nganh cflng nghiep hien dai (dien tii-tin hpc, CO khi)
Thli ba, doi sdng, viec lam ciia cong nhin Iao dong
Den nay, ttfin ca nufic cfi khotag 80% sfi cflng nhta cfi viec lim thuang xuyen; 12% cfl vific lim khfing dn dinh, cfin lai thuong xuyen thifiu vific lam Chi co khotag 20% doanh nghiep ngoai nha nuflc dflng bao liifim xi hpi, bao liifim y tfi cho cfing nhan
vi trich nfip kinh phi cong dota Muc luong cua nguoi lao dflng vfi co bin khflng dip ling dupc nhu ciu sirih boat tfii thifiu Clia bto thta Nhi nuoc di tvmg buflc thyc hifin 16 trinh ttag lirong tfii thifiy, tham chi cfi quy dinh vfi miic luong toi thifiu vimg doi voi nguoi lao dflng lim fl' cic loai hinh doanh nghiep (Nghi dinh sfi
70/2011/ND-CP ngiy 22/8/2011 ciia Chinh phii) Nhung miic tang thuong khflng theo kip tfic dfi tang gii cua thi truflng Trong khi dfl, phin lfin cic chu doanh nghifip vin dang ISy mirc luong toi thifiu dfi tri luong cho ngufii lao dgng ma chua that sy quan tim den vific xiy dyng thang, btog lirang Ngoai ra, nhieu chu doanh nghifip cfln bfit mflt phin lutmg cua ngufii lao dflng dfi chi cho cic khoto phu cip i n trua, tien ho trg
di lai hay miic khen thufing,
Thyc tfi hien nay, "mpt bfl phto cfing nhin phai lam viec trong moi truang bi fl nhifim ntog, nhu nfing, bui, tifing fin, dfl rung vugt tieu chuta cho phep Tinh hinh dfi da tic dpng xfiu den siic khoe ngufii lao dgng, gay ra cic bfinh nghfi nghifip Do
TAP CHf Q U A N Lf NHA NUdC - Sd 231 (4/201S)
Trang 3nhifiu nguyfin nhto khac nhau, hau hfit cic
KCN, KCX tai cac tinh, thtoh pho khong
xiy n h i luu tru cho cfing nhan Vi chi cfl
khotog 20% so ngufli cfl cho o' dn dinh"'
Da sfi ngirfli lao dflng ngoai tinh lim viec tai
cic KCN dfiu phai thue nhi trg, vfii die'u
kifin vfi sinh, mfii trufing khfing bio dim
Thuc hien Quyet dinh sfi
66/2009/QD-TTg ngiy 24/4/2009 cua Thii ttrflng Chinh
phli vi CO chfi, chinh sich phit trifin nha 6'
cho ngufli lao dpng trong cic KCN, cic
tinh, thinh pho d i dtog ky 110 du to nha
6 cho ngufli lao dfing t ^ cac KCN giai doan
2010 - 2015 Tuy viy, tiieo Thanh tra Chinh
phfl, cic dy to nhi fi' cho cfing nhto tai cic
KCN dfi'y chim tien dp so voi yen ciu, ttong
so 27 dy an d i dugc khoi cfing xiy dung
mfli cfl 9 dy to hota thanh
Thli tu, y thiic, thai do chinh tri
Hien nay, tim ly Ifiy lgi ich kinh te (vific
lim, thu nhip xirng ding vfli lao dgng, )
limdpnglyclinfitmfiidangdtotrfi thinh
pho bien ttong cflng nhta Vi thfi giiia cfing
nhta lao dgng trong doanh nghiep nha
nuflc vi doanh nghifip ngoii nhi nuflc
khflng con cich biet nhifiu COng nhto vto
cfi y thiic tfit vfi lgi ich dit nuoc, chii quyfin
qufic gia Nhifiu cfing nhin tham gia dinh
cfing thoi gian qua fi mgt sfi KCN, KCX cho
rtog, myc dich tham gia dinh cfing cfla hg
khfing chi li dfli ttog tifin cflng, giam gia
lim, cii thifin difiu kien lim viec, m i doi
chii nuoc ngoft phii tfln ttgng van hoa va
phip luit Viet Nam
2 NhQng vta dfi dfit ra dfii vfli GCCN
hifin nay
Thunhit, din sfing vit chft, tinh thto
cua cfing nhto chua dupc bao dim, quyfin
lgi khfing dugc giii quyet mpt cich thoa
dtog vi mfli nuong lim viec dpc hai Tu dfl
d i lam xuft hifin nhifiu vto dfi biic xuc, nhu
tinh trang vific lim khflng co bio Ufim,
chua cfi nhi 6, te nan xi hgi, ttanh chip lao dgng, dinh cfing,
Cic cupc dinh cflng tir phit ngiy ctog gia ttag vfii tinh chft gay git, phirc tap Trong nhimg nim gto diy, b'mh quto mfii nam xay ra khotog 1.000 cupc dinh cfing cuacflngnhtovatiptrungchu yfiu 6' vung kinh tfi ttpng diem phia Nam Nguyfin nhta chu yfiu li do nguoi sir dyng lao dpng khflng thyc hien dung, du cic quy dinh cua phip luit, nhu khflng tri luong dung btog Iuong da dtog ky, tu y thay dfii dinh muc lao dpng, ty sa thii cong nhto khflng cto ly
do, khong dflng bao hifim xa hgi, bio hiem
y tfi diy dfl cho cflng nhin,
Hai la, y thiic tfi chiic ky luat, tac phong
cflng nghiep vi y thiic phip lufit ciia cflng nhto cfln ban chfi Mgt bfl phin dtag kfi cfing nhto khfing quan tim dfin dfii sfing chinh tri Ty 16 dtog vien, dnta vien cflng dota ttong cflng nhin Iao dgng cfln thip
Ba la, vai trfl cfla tfi chuc ding vi cic
dgta the ttong cac doanh nghiep chua dip irng dugc sy phit trifin nhanh chflng ve so lugng, CO can va chft lugng cua GCCN Tai hiu het cic doanh nghiep cfl von dfiu tu nuflc ngoii, doanh nghifip tu nhta deu khfing mufin hoic khfing quan tim dfin viec xay dyng cac to chiic dtog Hoat dpng cfla tfi ehyc doto thanh nien, tfi chirc cfing doto cfin mang tinh h'mh thiic Nhieu to
chlic cong doto chua thyc su diing vi phia
nguoi lao dfing Nhin chung, cic to chiic chinh tri - xa hpi, dfic bifit li to chiic cfing doto con Iflng Hing vi b ^ chfi trong vific giai quyfit cic xung dfit ve lpi ich vi nhQng
bit cap ve giic ngp chinb tri, f thuc to
chlic, cua cflng nhto
3 Giii phip xay dyng GCCN ttong giai d09n diy m^nh CNHHDH dft nufic
Thunhit, ntog cao doi sfing vft chit,
tinh thto cho cfing nhto tai cic khu vyc kinhte
TAP CHf Q U A N Lf NHA NUdC - Sd 231 (4/2015)
Trang 4Timg bufic thyc hien chinh sich tifi'n
luong bio dam doi song cho ngufli lao
dpng va cfl tich luy tu tien lirong Tren co
sfl' do, mfl' rflng co hfli cho cflng nhto mua
cd phin trong doanh nghiep, nhim gfip
phto xiy dyng quan he lao dflng hai hoa,
fin dinh vi tifin bg, giim thieu tranh chap
lao dgng vi d'mh cflng trong doanh
nghiep Dfing thoi tiep tuc xiy dung vi
thuc hifin tfit cic chinh sich bao hiem xa
hgi, bio hifim y tfi, bio hifim thit nghiep
dfii vfli ngufii lao dfing
Nhi nuflc cto thfi chfi hfia cic quy dinh
ve trich nhifim cua cic cip chinh quyfin,
cic doanh nghifip ttong vific cham lo doi
song vta hfla cho ngirfli lao dgng Cfl cic
chinh sich uu dii cho cic nhi diu tu xay
dyng cic dich vy vin hfla, the thao, chim
sflc Slic khoe cho cflng nhin, nhft li 6 tai
KCN, KCX vi xung quanh cic KCN, KCX
Khi phe duyet cic KCN, KCX, cin xic
dinh quy dit tuong xiing dfi xiy dung nhi
fl' va cic cflng ttinh thuflc kfit ciu ha ttog
xi hfli cho cflng nhta
ThU hai, ning cao chit lugng dio tao
nghfi dfi ning cao trinh dp tay nghe cho
cfing nhta gta voi phat trifin dfii ngfl cflng
nhta tn' thuc
- Cin kip thoi bfi sung, siia dfii, xay
dung chinh sich dio tao vi dao tao lai
cflng nhta theo huflng tao difiu kifin cho
hp tu hpc tap nang cao trinh do chuyfin
mfin; difiu chinh, bo sung quy hoach mang
lufii cic CO sfl' day nghfi gto vfii cac ngtoh,
cic vung kinh tfi ttgng difim IChuyfin khich
cic doanh nghiep thuflc mpi thinh phan
kinh tfi dtoh kinh phi thich ding vi thfli
gian cho dio tao, dio tao lai cflng nhin
- Day manh CNHHDH lufln gin vfli
vific hinh thinh vi phit trifin manh me dpi
ngfl cfing nhta tri thiic Dfi phit trifin dgi
ngfl cflng nhta niy cto phii phit trifin thi tiirfing khoa hpc, cfing nghe, thuc bien tot
Luat So huu tri tue va Luat Chuyin giao khoa hpc - cdng nghe Dfii mfii quin ly
n h i nufic dfii vfli thi truflmg khoa hgc -cflng nghe; khuyen khich hfl trg cic boat dgng khoa hgc va cflng nghfi theg co che thi truflng; bio ve quyfin so' hiiu tri tue dfii vfli cic cflng trinh khoa hpc vi boat dpng sing tao
Thli ba, Bfl Lao dflng, Thuang binh vi
Xi hfli phoi hgp vfli td chuc cfing doin ttag cuflng cflng tic kiem tra, thanh tra de bao dim quyfin, lgi ich hgp phip, chinh dtog cua cflng nhto Dfing thfli cfl cic chfi tai xii ly nghifim cic to chiic vi c i nhin vi pham chinh sich, phip luit, vi pham quyfin lpi hgp phip cia ngufii lao dgng Khuyfin khich, tag difi'u kifin ehc ngufli lao dgng chu dgng hpc tap ntag cao nhin thuc, nim bit nhimg quy dinh co bin vfi quyfi'n vi nghla vy cua minh ttong quan he lao dpng, giiip hg ty big ve quyen va lgi ich chinh dtag ttong truflng hgp cto thifit
Tha tu, ttog ty le tham gia cfla cflng
nhto ttong co cau tfi chlic chinh tri - doto the 6 doanh nghifip, nhft la tfi chuc cfing doto dfi ttog cuong tinh dai dien cho lgi ich cua GCCN Thfing qua dfl, ttog cuflng vai ttfl cua cic cfip uy dtog, Doto Thanh nien vi nhft li tfi chuc cflng doto ttong vific ntog cao doi song, bio dim quyfin lgi cho cflng nhto, ttufle het tai cic KCN, KCXa
Cbd tbicb:
1,2 Iim U gii ning cao chat luong gai dp
coiigii/iatthttp://daidoanketvn, ngay 20/5/2011
3 Phat bifiu Clia Bp trudng Bp Xay dyng Trinh Dinh DOng trinh bay tai HOl thao qufic
gia: Mia a cong nhin, thuc trang vi gii phip,
tai Trung tam Hoi nghi Lucky Square, B'mh Duong, ngay 17/10/2011 www.xaydung.gov.vn
TAP CHf Q U A N Lf NHA NUdC - S6 231 (4/2015)