MOT SO GIAI PHAP N H A M X O A DOI GIAM NGHEO BEN VtJ^G DOI V 6 l DONG BAO DAN TOC THIEU SO VUNG MIEN TAY NGHE AN NGUYEN DINH LONG* LE THI KIM LIEN" Tom tat: Viet Nam thuc Men chuang t
Trang 1MOT SO GIAI PHAP N H A M X O A DOI GIAM NGHEO BEN
VtJ^G DOI V 6 l DONG BAO DAN TOC THIEU SO VUNG
MIEN TAY NGHE AN
NGUYEN DINH LONG*
LE THI KIM LIEN"
Tom tat: Viet Nam thuc Men chuang trinh xda ddi giam ngheo kha thanh cdng va da tao dugc
an tugng tdt trong cdng ddng qudc tl Tir mot nude gin nhu ngheo nhat the gidi vdi 58,1% dan
sd thugc dien ngheo (1993), xudng con 14,5% (2008) Song nhiing nam gan day do anh hudng
ciia suy thoai kinh te cimg vdi nhihig bat lgi thien tai, dich benh lien tiep xay ra tren dien rgng
ca ve qui md va cudng dp nen ty le giam ngheo trong nhihig nam gan day cham lai, thieu ben
vihig va cd su phan hda manh vdi sir chdnh lech vl thu nhap va ty le hp ngheo giira cac vimg
(ndng thdn, thanh thi, mien niii, ddng bang), va giiia cac dan tdc ngay cang cao Mien Tay Nghe
An tuy la viing rgng Idn nMeu tiem nang phat trien kinh te, song dang la mdt vimg ngheo va cd
ty le hg ddi ngheo cao nhat tinh Bai viet nham phan tich nhimg khd khan, thuc trang neu tren
va kiln nghi giai phap xda ddi giam ngheo trong giai doan tdi ddi vdi ddng bao DTTS vimg
mien Tay Nghd An
SOLUTIONS TO SUSTAINABLE HUNGER ERADICATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION
FOR MINORITY ETHNIC PEOPLE IN WESTERN AREA OF NGHE AN PROVINCE
Attract: Hunger eradication and poverty reduction program has been successfully implemented
in Vietnam, which has been an impression to intemational commimity, with the reduction from
58,1% of the population with poor income in 1993 (ranks the first poorest country in the world)
to 14,5% in 2008 However, in recent years, due to effects of economic crisis, continuous
natural disasters, and expanding epidemics poverty reduction rate has been slowly down,
unsustainable together with the growing income gap and increasing poverty rate among areas
(rural area, urban area, mountainous area and delta area), and among ethnic groups Western
area of Nghe An province is a large area with great potentials for econoimc development
However, presently, this is a poor area which occupies the largest poverty proportion of the
province This paper discusses difficulties, situation and provides recommendations for hunger
eradication and poverty reduction for minority ethnic groups in western Nghe An in the coming
time
1 Dat van dl chinh sach ve diu tu phat triln kinh tl va
Viet Nam la mdt frong nhttng qudc gia giam ngheo hudng tdi cac vimg khd khan,
thuc Men chuang hinh xda ddi giam ngheo dong bao cac dto tdc thilu sd (DTTS), nhung
kha thanh cdng va da tao dugc in hrgng tot ty '? giam ngheo frong nhiing n t a gin day
frong cdng ddng qudc tl Tir mdt qudc gia i^ham lai, tMdu bin viing va cd su phan hda
gin nhu ngheo nhit thi gidi vdi khoang manh The Men sir chenh lech vl thu nhap va
58,1% dan sd thupc dien ngheo (1983), •>" 1? hp ngheo'giiia cac viing (ndng thdn,
xuing cdn 14,5% (2008) Song nhimg nam *anh thi, miin niii, ddng bing), va giOa cac
gin day do anh hudng cua suy thoai kinh t l dan tdc ngay cang cao
toan ciu cimg vdi nhiing bat Igi tMen tai, Ddi vdi miin Tay Nghe An la mot viing
dich benh lien tilp xiy ra fren dien rpng ca vl rpng Idn cMlm 83,36% dien tich, chilm
qui md va cudng dp Nha nude dS cd nMlu 35,7% dan sd toan tinh, vdi II/2I huyen, thi,
* PGS TS Nguyin Binh Long, Vi^n NghiSn cOv qui ho^ch ndng nghidp ndng thdn I ^
Trang 2thanh phi Trong dd: cd 5 huyen mien nui
cao va 6 huyen, thi miin niii thip; dong bao
DTTS cMlm 40% dan sd trong vimg Tuy la
vimg rgng Idn cd nMeu tiem nang phat frien
kinh tl ndng - lam nghiep, song ciing la viing
cdn gap nhilu khd khan va cham phat trien,
ddi sing nhan dan frong viing thap Mite thu
nhap viing miin niii chi bing 63% bmh quan
chung Clia tinh (15,5/24,5 fr.ddng), ty le hg
ddi ngheo tuy cd giam tir 36,19% (2011)
xudng cdn 24,06% (2013), nhung vin cao
gip 1,8 lin so vdi toan tinh Dac biet, tj' le hg
ngheo la ding bao DTTS chilm fren 70%,
ben canh do si hg can ngheo cd nguy co tai
ngheo rit cao khoang 45.318 hp chilm
16,17% Thirc ttang tren dang la nhOng
thach thiic Idn trong chiln luge phat triln
kinh tl - xa hgi va xda ddi giam ngheo ben
viing dii vdi vimg mien Tay Nghe An frong
giai doan tdi
2 Mpt so kit qna va van de dat ra dii voi
x6a doi giam ngheo mien Tay Nghe An
2 1 Mot so kit qua ve xda doi giam ngheo
a mien Toy Nghe An
Cimg vdi nhiing cMnh sach diu tu Idn ciia Chinh phu va ciia tinh, ngudi ngheo nhin chung da cd nhilu ca h§i tilp can tdt hon vdi cac nguIn luc cho phat triln, nhu: co sd ha ting, giao due, y tl, vay vdn, khuyen ndng, khuyin lam va hd fro xda nha tam Hon nira, tinh da xay dung Chuang frinh hanh ddng vl dan tdc va miin mil, ban hanh nhieu
CO chl, chinh sach khuyin khich hd trg, diu
tu phat friln fring frgt, chan nudi, nghi rimg, nuoi frIng thuj' san nhSm diy m ^ phat triln kinh tl Cimg vdi thuc Men chuong trinh giam ngheo vdi 12 chinh sach, dvr an, tap frung vao 3 nhdm: (i) Nhdm chinh sach
va du an tao diiu kien phat friln san xuit cho
hd ngheo; (ii) Nhdm chinh sach va dir an tao
•diiu kien cho cac hg ngheo tilp can vdi cac dich vu xa hpi; (iii) Nhdm chinh sach va hoat dpng nang cao nhan thiic, nalig luc giam ngheo Trong 3 nam (2011 - 2013) tinh da huy dpng dugc trdn 4.400,3 ty ding diu tuhl tro hd ngheo phat triln kinh tl ndng, l&n, ngu nghiep va cai thien diiu kien san xuit va ngudn luc sinh ke ciia cdng ddng va hg gia dinh
Bilu 1 Ca so ha tang nong thon viing mien nui tinh den 2013
A
1
2
B
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Chi tieu
T6C dp tang trniing kinh te
Toe dd TTKT cua tinh
Toe do TTKT viing mien Tay
Tyle(%)
8,93 6,80
Ghi chii
Chung toan tinh Nghe An Chi b i n g 7 6 , 1 % so vdi toan tinh
Co sif ha tang nong thon
Ty le sd xa cd dudng d td
Ty le so xa cd cdng trinh thuy lgi
Ty le so xa c6 dien ludi
Ty le sd xa co fram Y te
Ty le sd xa co dii trudng, lap
Ty le sd xa cd dii cdng frinh cap nude
Ty le sd xa cd chg
98,0 63,0 92,0
100 90,0 21,7 55,2
Dudng d td den trung tam xa Dap ling nhu cau tudi tieu Dien ludi QG den trung tam xa
Tr dd cd 9 8 % sd fram cd bic sT Man non, tieu hpc, trang hpc Cdng frinh c i p nude sinh hoat
Chg ndng thdn
Nguon : UBND tinh Nghe An bao cao nam 2013
Tir do, san xuat ndng, lam, ngu nghiep da
cd chuyin bien dang kl, nhilu tiin bp khoa
hgc ky thuat dugc ap dung dem lai hieu qua
kinh te cao Cac chi sd vl dien tich, nang suit
ciia cac loai cJy frdng: lua, ngd, lac, mia, che
va dan gia siic diu tang ttr 3 - 4% Ca cau
cay frdng, vat nudi chuydn djch theo hudng san xuit chuydn canh tjp trang nham tjo ra san phim hang hoa phuc vu tieu diing va cung cip nguyen lieu cho cdng nghifp che biin Nhilu md Mnh kinh tl hd, kinh te frang frai d miin nui da phat triln va cd thu
Trang 3nhlp cao tu hang chuc den hang tram trieu
dong/nam Nhflng mo hinh phat trien kinh ti
kha diSn hinh a huyen Qui Phong \h phat
trien nghe dSt th6 cam a xa Muong Npc, cay
chanh leo a xa Tri Ll, trong rau sach a xa
Qud Scm, nuoi vit b4u 6 xa C4m Muon va xa
Quang Phong, nuoi nliim sinh san va nuoi ga
den a thi trin Kim Son, xa Chau Kim, nuoi
bo sinh san a Thong Thu, D6ng V§n, nuoi
Ion sieu nac xa Ti6n Phong HoSc cac mo
hinh a huyen Con Cuong ve trong cam xa
Yen Khe; chan nuoi trau, bo xa Mon Son
nhung ket qua do da co hieu ung lan toa kha
tich cue trong doi song kinh te - xa hoi nong
thon va thon ban
Tuy vay, hieu qua ciia cong tac giam
ngheo cho ddng bao cac dan tpc thieu so van
chua cao va chua ben vung, ngoai ra ve an
ninh chinh tri - trat tir an toan xa hoi d mot so
huyfn con phijrc tap (Ky Scm, Tucmg Duong,
QuS Phong, Quy Chau )- Mat khac, tu tucmg
bao thu, trong cho vao su giiip d5 cua Nha
nuac van con 1cm trong can bo va dong bao
cacdantgc
2.2, Mot so vdn de dat ra doi v&i xda doi
giam ngheo a mien Toy Nghe An
(i) Boi canh kinh te - xa hpi khong may
thuan loi, do hau qua ciia cupc khung khoang
va suy soai kinh te toan cau tiep tuc con
nhi^u kho khan, nhieu doanh nghiep va du an
tren dia ban ngung hoat dong, hoac hoat d6ng
c4m chung, cung vol bien doi khi hau - da
tac dpng/anh huong true tilp tcri tinh hinh
phat trien kinh te - xa h6i ciia tinh noi chung,
va dac biet doi voi vung mien Tay noi rieng
la vk 1cm
(ii) Vung miin Tay, tuy la vung rpng 1cm
nhilu tilm nang, song la vung kha dac thu vl
diiu kien tir nhien khong thuan loi, khi hau
khac nghiet, dia hinh phiic tap, chia cSt, dien
tich dit nong nghiep it va kho canh tac He
thdng kit cau ha tSng tuy co cai thien, song
vin ylu kem va thilu ddng bp Tilm nang
nhilu, nhimg van kho khai thac va phat huy
cac Ipi the ciia vung trong qua trinh phat trien
san xuat kinh doanh va phuc vu doi song dan sinh tren dia ban
(iii) La vung co nhieu dan tpc thieu so, chilm 40% dan so trong vimg trinh dp dan tri thip, va phong tuc tap quan rat khac nhau ciia cacdan tpc, nen nguM ngheo co nhieu han chl trong vice tiep thu ky thuat san xuat va it
CO nang luc to chiic san xuat kinh doanh, tham chi co tu tuong khong muon thoat
"ngheo" de dupe hucmg che dp chinh sach uu tien Clia Nha nuac
(iv) Nong nghiep hang hoa trong vung cham phat trien, chua hinh thanh ket noi ro net vl chudi san pham va chudi gia tri ndng san ion voi thi trucmg Ve ca ban van la san xuit nhd, phan tan, mang hinh thai ndng nghiep tu nhien, nen hieu qua va thu nh|p thip
(v) Nhu cau diu tu ve xay dung cac cong trinh ha ting ca so va dau tu phat trien kinh
tl, dac biet phat trien ndng - lam nghiep thuc hien chuyen ddi ca cau cay trdng, vat nudi va cac md hinh dau tu tham canh la rit Idn, nhung ngudn luc cua tinh va huy ddng tu xa hpi cua cac doanh nghiep, don vi, td chiic con rat han che Nen tren thuc te chua tao ra duac nhung xung luc manh cho phat trien kinh te ciia viing, dac biet ddi voi cac vung sau, vung xa va viing dac biet khd khan (vi) Mien Tay Ngh$ An cd 419 km dudng bien gidi vdi nuac CHDCND Lao, la vung cd
vi tri chiSn luac ve an ninh, qudc phong quan trpng Song dang la mpt vung nhieu khd khan, trinh dp phat trien kinh te thip va 6 mdt sd huyen tinh hinh an ninh chinh tri - trat
tu an toan xa hpi, te nan ma tiiy cdn diln ra phiic tap
3 Mpt so giai phap nham xda doi, giam ngfaeo ben virng doi vM dong bao DTTS vung mien Tay Nghf An
Truac nhung van de neu tren can xac dinh xda ddi, giam ngheo mien Tay Nghe An, dac biet ddi vdi ddng bao DTTS la nhiem vu im tien hang dau trong cac chinh sach phat triln kinh te - xa hpi va tra thanh phong trao each mang cd linh xa hpi hda cao
Trang 43.1 Mpt s6 quan diim ca ban ve XDGN
(i) Xda doi giam ngheo phai dtfa tren ca
sa tang trucmg Idnh ti nhanh, hieu qua va
bin vang, ddng thai phai luon chu dgng tgo
ra cdc ngudn lifc mai cho hoat dgng trg giiip
ndng cao ndng lite nguai ngheo
Ddi sdng va thu nhap thip -> ngheo ddi ^
kinh tl cham phat friln luon la vong luan
quin, mau thuln D I giai quylt van de, tir
nhihig kit qua va thuc tiin vira qua cho thay:
tang trudng kinh tl cao, bin viing vita la dieu
kieh, vira la tiin dl chii ylu de phat frien ya
nit ngin khoang each ve frinh dp phat frien
kinh tl gira cac vimg va cac dan tpc, ddng
thdi tao nguIn luc dl frg giiip nang cao nang
Ivc ngudi ngheo va tang philc lgi, cai thien
mirc sdng ciia nhan dan, giam ngheo ddi,
thuc Men cong bing xa hpi tao hieu img ya
sir lan toa tich cue trong phat triln kinh te
-xa hpi thuc Men xda ddi giam ngheo ben
vimg
fii) Xda doi giam ngheo khong chi la
nhi^m vu cua Nhd nuac, cita toan xd hoi, md
quan trgng han la phai y thicc dugc do la
trdch nhiem chinh cita ban thdn nguai ngheo
vd cgng ddng ngudi ngheo nhdm tgo diing
luc thoat ngheo ta ngudi ngheo trong qua
trinh xda ddi giam ngheo
Tu vuon len thoat ngheo ddi phai la su
nghiep ciia ngudi ngheo, cdng ding ngudi
ngheo Vdi quan diem nay Nha nude cac cap
(Trimg uang den dia phuong) vdi tu each la
ngudi dieu hda cac ngudn luc chung ciia xa
Bang 2 Ve muc tieu xoa doi giam
hgi, phai cd nMlu bien phap cd Meu qua de
hd frg ngudi ngheo vucm len thoat ngheo Trong thuc tl cho thiy nlu chi sir dyng cic phuang tien tai chinh vat chit de hd frg fr^c tilp ngudi ngheo thi tac dung se rat ngan hjn
va ttong nhilu trudng hgp tao ra su >• lai, thy ddng nhim hudng lgi tir chinh sach la chinh
(iii) Triin khai Idng ghep cd hieu qua cdc chuang trinh, du dn ve phat trien kinh te - xa hoi vd xoa ddi gidm ngheo tren cdc dia ban ndng thdn cu the
Xoa ddi giam ngheo phai la nhifm vy thudng xuyen cua toan xa hgi vdi svr huy ddng mpi ngudn luc va co hpi nhim diu tu
hd trg cho phat friln kinh te gin vdi xda doi giam ngheo Tuy vay, Men nay dang cd tinh ttang chdng cheo diu tu vl chuang trinh, d\r
an tir cac nganh, cac ITnh vuc va tir cac nguon khac nhau tren cimg mdt dia ban nen di
din din dan trai, phSn tan, iang phi vk k^m
hieu qua Tit quan dilm nay cin cd sy phii hgp Idng ghep cac ngudn luc (chuang trinh,
du an) trdn cimg mot dia ban nham phat huy hieu qua va tiet kiem cac ngudn luc nang cao hieu qua dau tu phat trien kinh te - xa hdi gan vdi xda ddi giam ngheo ben vung
3.2 Mtic tieu ve xoa doi gidm ngheo vitng mien Tay Nghe An
Vdi nhOng vin dl neu fren tinh da ban hanh chuang trinh hanh ddng va muc tieu c\i the ve xda ddi giam ngheo vimg mien Tay den nam 2020, nhu sau:
ngheo viing mien Tay Nghe An Chi tieu
1 Tang ve thu nhap
- Gia ttj thu nhap binh quan (Tr.d/ngudi/nam)
- Gia tri thu nhap binh quan ngudi ngheo
2 Ty le giam ho ngheo/nam
3 Ty le lao dong qua dao tao
4 Giai quySt viec lam lao dong/nam
DVT
Lan
Tr.d
Tr.d
%
%
1000 LD
201S
1,65 15,5-25,5
3 , 8 - 7,6
3 - 4 , 0
3 2 - 4 5 , 0 16-16,5
2016 - 2020
2,0 25,5-51,0 7,6-19,0
2 - 2,5
5 0 - 55,0 16,5- 17,0
Nguon : UBND tinh Nghe An, Bi dn xoa ddi gidm ngheo (2014)
Dl thuc hien cac muc tieu vl xda ddi giam trong khudng khd bai vilt nay xin kiln nghi ngheo, tuy frong Dl an xda ddi giam ngheo mdt so giai phap cd tinh co ban
cua tinh (2014) da neu nhilu giai phap, song
Trang 53.3 Mot so gidi phap xoa doi, giam ngheo
ben viing doi v&i dong bao ddn toe thieu so
viing miin Toy Nghe An
A Gidi phap chung
(i) Day manh phat trien kinh te viing mien
Tay Id dieu kien tien quyet de xoa doi gidm
ngheo mgt cdch bin vimg
- Phat huy lai thi ciia vung, tap trung qui
hoach va uu tign dau tu xay dung cac du an
trpng dilm nhim tao ddng luc phat triln
kinh te - xa hpi cua vung Dac biet khai thac
cac lai thi vung bien tren tuyin bien gidi dai
419 km
- Tiep tuc ddi mdi ca che chinh sach, cai
thien mdi trucmg dau tu vao miin Tay, kdu
gpi cac doanh nghiep Idn nhu cdng ty TNHH
mia dudng Nghe An Tate & Lyle, cdng ty
siia Vinamilk, TH True milk vao lien
doanh, lien ket vdi ngudi dan phat triln san
xuat h ^ g hda, hinh thanh cac chudi san
pham va gia tri ndng san lan Mat khac, md
mang cac loai hinh doanh nghiep, khu cdng
nghiep, Iang nghe, trang trai, va phat trien cac
loai hinh du lich (du lich cdng ddng, du lich
sinh thai ) de thu hut lao d0ng va t^o viec
lam, nham thuc su md rpng khdng gian kinh
tl - xa hpi Clia vung mien Tay
(ii) Ndng cao chat lugng nguon nhan luc,
la yeu to co tinh quyet dinh den su ton tgi vd
phat trien
- Nhung nam qua tinh da quan tam nang
cao chat lupng ngudn lao dpng va da cd
nhilu kit qua, nhung nhin chung chit lupng
lao ddng vin cdn thip, ty le lao ddng qua dao
tao nghe mdi dat 33%, lao ddng khdng cd
trinh dp tay nghi se it cd ca hpi cd vif c lam,
cd thu nhap, din din ddi ngheo Vi v^y, phai
tap trung phat trien ngudn nhan luc trong giai
doan tdi nhu muc tieu da xac dinh den nam
2015 phin diu co 45% va din nam 2020 la
55% lao dpng duac dao tao, day la nhiem vu
nSng ne, cap bach hang dau
B Gidiphdp tai cap ca sa vd cong dong
(i) Muon xoa doi, gidm ngheo thdnh cong cho dong bdo cdc ddn toe thieu so truac hit:
- Phdi tap trung ndng cao trinh do ddn tri,
coi dd la dieu kien de xoa ddi giam ngheo chinh tut su biit pha ciia ngudi ngheo mdi ben vung Neu khdng cd su biit pha ve kinh te cua ngudi ngheo thi ket qua giam ngheo se thieu tinh ben vung Tuy nhien, su hd trp tu Nha nude la can thiet, song tranh tinh trang y lai, thu dpng trdng chd hudng lai tut chinh sach, ma tren thuc te da xuat hien ngudi ngheo khdng mudn thoat ngheo
- Giai quyet bai toan kinh te ddi vdi hd ngheo thi ben canh su nd lire ciia chinh cac
hd, can phai tiep tuc thuc hien va phat huy hieu-qua cac chinh sach hd trp giam ngheo nhu: chinh sach van hoa, y tl, giao due, vay vdn tin dung va hd trp cho phat trien sinh ke thdng qua trp giiip cac diiu kien va dich vu san xuat, dao tao nghe d6 t£io viSc lam, ; tiep tuc uru tien dau tu ca sd ha tang thiit ydu phuc vu san xuat va ddi sdng dan sinh, nhat
la dau tu cho cac thdn, ban d vimg sau, vung
xa, vung dac biet khd khSn de ngudi dan dupe tiep cgn tdt han cac ngudn von xa hpi
va dich vu cdng
- Diy manh hoat ddng tuyen truyin tao su thdng nhat vl nhan thiic dl mdi ngudi dan cd
y thiic vuon len thoat ngheo va lam giau chinh dang, tranh tu tudng ;y lai Nhu v|y, cac chinh sach chuong trinh xda ddi, giam ngheo se di vao cupc sdng ddng bao dan tpc thilu sd cd hieu qua va hieu ling lan tda nhanh
(ii) Tiip cgn hoc tap tie cdc "diim sdng tich cue" ve diin hinhphdt triin kinh ti thoat ngheo Clia cdc ho, cdc mo hinh kinh ti trong cong dong
- Van de can nhin nhan mpt each tich eye
hon ia: trong moi trudng va diiu kien dd, cd tdi 30% ho DTTS khdng thupc dien ngheo, vay tai sao khoang 1/3 hd DTTS da thoat ngheo? dat cau hdi va tra Idi nhiing cau hdi tai sao ngheo va tai sao thoat ngheo se giup nhan dien day du hon ve ngheo, dl cd cac
Trang 6giai phap thich hgp cho xda ddi giam ngheo
ddi vdi cac nhdm ddi tuong ngheo khac nhau
mdt each ben viing
- Lam ro nhiing "dilm sang tich cue"
frong thdn ban, nhim tao hieu ling Ian tda sau
rgng frong cdng ddng cd thi noi day la mpt
kenh chuyin giao tdt nhit kinh nghiem gitta
ngudi dan din ngudi dan, hgc tap lan nhau
rit cd hieu qua va cd siic lan tda nhanh Tuy
nMen, khong cd mpt md hinh giam ngheo "ly
tudng" hoac "duy nhit" ma nhim chi ra cac
ylu td cd y nghTa tich cue ddi vdi tien trinh
giam ngheo cua cac hd
(iii) Ba dgng hoa sinh ki Id chien luac cot
loi di thoat ngheo cua cdc hg gia dinh DTTS
- Da dang hda sinh ke hd gia dinh nham
hudng tdi giai quylt muc tieu kinh te cua hg
frong nhiing diiu kien cu the Song, ndng lam
nghiep vin la sinh kl chinh cua ding bao
DTTS Cac nguIn vdn sinh kl ngudi ngheo
nhihig nam gin day, tuy da dugc cai thien,
nhung kha nang tilp c?n, lira chpn chiln luge
sinh kl la rat khac nhau Ddi vdi hp ngheo
nen lua chpn uu tien cac md hinh sinh ke d\ra
tren tri thiic ban dia va sir da dang hda sinh
kl cua cac hd la cin thiit Ddng thdi, phat
huy cac lgi the, tiem nang ciia timg tieu viing,
timg cdng ddng thdn ban lira chgn nhung san
pham, nganh nghe thich hgp theo phuong
cham "mdi thdn ban, mpt san phim ndi bSt"
M^t khac, tilp tuc tao diiu kien va hd trp cho
lao ddng tiep can va tham gia vao thi trudng
lao dpng vdn rat da dang va nMeu Mnh thiic
khac nhau, nhu: xuit khiu lao ddng va lao
ddng di lam cho cac doanh nghiep, trang trai,
trong cac gia dmh frong viing va ngoai viing
nham gdp phin nang cao thu nhap, cai thien
cugc sing
(iv) Cai thien vd doi mai tiep can dich VM
khuyen nong
- Cac dich vu khuyin ndng ddng vai fro rk
quan frong ddi vdi giam ngheo ben_ vitag 6 khu vuc ndng thdn ndi chung, ddng bao DTTS ndi ridng, vi hd ngheo thudng chiu thiet thdi hon vl vdn xa hdi, hie la kha nang tilp can cac dich vu va diu tu cdng kem hem nhilu so vdi cac hd kha gia Nen khuyin ndng tai cac viing miin nui DTTS can cai tiin theo hudng cd Igi hon cho ngudi nghto
Do vay, thay thi md hinh truyin thdng mo lap bing thdng qua cac md hinh cd su tham gia nhu: Idp hgc fren ddng rudng; phat friln
ky thuat tir ndng dan den ndng dSn, hinh thuc trinh dien dl phii hgp va sat hon vdi dieu kien va tap quan canh tac cua ngudi ngheo DTTS
c i n ap dimg rpng rai phuang phap khuyin ndng "tir ndng dan din ndng dSn" phat huy vai trd lan tda cua nhiing ngudi tien phong nhim cai thien tiep c ^ dich vy khuyin ndng ciia ngudi ngheo
(v) Ra soat ve mgt sd chinh sach ho h-g true tiep cho nguoi ngheo theo hudng tang cudng "ho trg co dieu kien" vd "ho tra co thu hoi" nham thuc day su chu dpng vuon
len ciia ngudi ngheo
- Thuc Men mgt sd chinh sach hd frg true
tiep dudi dang "du an hd frg Idng ghep" b
timg xa, timg thdn ban, dl dam bao phii kit hgp cac ngudn luc va lam ro vai fro va frach nhiem ciia cac ben lien quan, giiip chuyen tir each hd frg theo timg nganh rieng le sang ho trg lien nganh, chuyen tir hd frg mgt lin sang
hi trg theo qua frinh dl dam bao tinh bin
virng Bong then, tang cudng ndng li^c thuc hien cdc chirc ndng cong dong ve kinh te, xa hgi vd dich VIA trg giiip co lgi cho ngudi ngheo vd cdc nhom yeu the, tao nen tang
cho tien trinh giam ngheo bin vung d cac cdng ddng, xa, thdn, ban./
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
1, UBND Tinh Ngh8 An (2014), D^ in: Glim nghio vi nang cao miic sing cho Nhin din vung miin Tiy vi ven
biin Nghi An din 2020
2 AAV vS Oxfam thifc hien nSm 2012, Bao cSo nghidn cCpu- f/ld hinh glim nghio tai mdt s6 cdng ding din tic
thiiu si diin hinh 6 Vl(t Nam