' Bai vik nay la san phSm eua dd tai TN3/X05 "Quan he toe nguai va chidn luoc xay dung kh6i dai dcin kSt dan toe trong phat trign bkn vung Tay Nguyen" thupe chuong tiinh Khoa hoc va Co
Trang 1DSttanH/do
VA VAN DE ON DINH DAN ClT DAN TOC
d TINH DAK NONG HIEN NAY'
LY H A N H SON*
Dat va n de
DSkNdng la mpttinh dTay Nguyen, mdi
dupe tai lap vao nam 2003, cd tdng
dien tich tU nhien la 6.514,38km^
nam trpn tren cao nguyen Mndng, cd 8 ddn
v| hanh chinh, trong do 4 huyen bien gidi
vdi 130km dudng bien, 2 cCra khau thdng
thuong vdi Campuchia Tren dia ban tinh cd
nhieu sdng, sudi, hd, dap Idn tien Ipi eho
phat trien thuy Ipi, thCiy dien, du Hch sinh
thai Hien nay, toan tinh cd khoang 510.500
ngudi, 40 dan tdc khae nhau gom cac tpc
tai chd, ngudi Kinh (Viet) da djnh eU lau ddi
va cac tpe ngudi tU phia Bac mdi di eU t u do
vao day Ve co eau dan tpc, ngudi Viet chiem
67,9% tong dan so toan tinh; Mndng 8,2%;
hai dan tdc Tay va Nung la 5,6%; Hmdng cd
4,5%; Dao 0,5%; cae tdc ngUdi khae rat it
€)en nay da cd nhieu hpc gia nghien cUu
ve di dan t u do Trong dd, ket qua thuc hien
de tai cap bd "Di dan tuphdt cua cac dan tqc
thieu sq Tay, Nung, Daq tU Bac vao Nam" do
* TS, Vien Dan toe hoc
' Bai vik nay la san phSm eua dd tai TN3/X05 "Quan
he toe nguai va chidn luoc xay dung kh6i dai dcin kSt
dan toe trong phat trign bkn vung Tay Nguyen" thupe
chuong tiinh Khoa hoc va Cong nghe trong diim cSp
Nha nuac: "Khoa hoc va eong nghe phuc vu phat trign
kinh tk - xa hoi vung lay Nguyen" (KHCN -
TN3/11-Khong Dien lam chu nhiem (1999) da de cap den sd lupng, sU bUc xuc, nguyen nhan
va nhUng tac dpng cua di cU t u do bdi mpt
sd tdc ngudi tCr cac tinh mien nui phfa Bac vaoTay Nguyen va mien Bdng Nam Bd; cdng
trinh "Di dan tudo cua cdc dan tqc Tay, Nung, Hmdng, Dao tU Cao Bang va Lang Sdn vdo Bail Lali giai doan 1986 - 2000" ciia NguySn
Ba Thuy (2004) da nghien cUu chuyen sau
ve eae chieu canh di dan t u do cCia 4 dan tpc Tay, Nung, Hmdng va Dao tU hai tinh Lang Son, Cao Bang den Dak Lak trong nhiing
nam 1986 - 2000; dac biet, luan an tien sV'Di ddn tudo Ciia ngudi himdngdmien Tay Thanh Hoa va Nghe An hien nay" cua Dau Tuan
Nam (2009) khdng chi neu len thiTc trang va nhOng tac ddng hai mat den phat trien kinh
te - xa hdi bdi di dan tiT do cua ngudi Hmdng
d hai tinh Thanh Hda va Nghe An hien nay,
ma cdn phan tich kha sau sac cac nguyen nhan dan den di cU tU do cua dong bao Tuy nhien, nghien cUu ve tinh hinh di dan tudo cija cac tpe ngUdi gan vdi van de on djnh dan
eU dan tde trong bdi canh mdi van dang b6 ngd, nhat la tai dia ban tinh Dak Nong
1 Tinh hinh di dan tir do den tinh OiV
Nong
Bak Ndng la tinh hijng chiu mpt so lupng
Trang 213
gay khd khan cho cdng tac quy hoach sap
xep on dinh dan cu, nhat la viec cai thien cac
co sd ha tang, thue hien ehu truong, chinh
sach ho trd phat trien san xuat cija Bang va
Nha nudc Theo bao eao eua Chi cue Phat
trien ndng thdn thupc Sd Ndng nghiep va
Phat trien ndng thdn tinh Dak Ndng, tdng
so dan di eu t u do keo den cac dia phuong
thupc tinh nay tU nam 2001 den nam 2011
la 7.097 hd vdi 35.800 nhan khau, trong dd,
giai doan 2001 - 2005 la 2.990 hp vdi 16.762
nhan khau, giai doan 2006 - 2011 la 4.107 hd
vdi 19.038 nhan khau Tuy vay, neu tinh tU
1996 den thang 3/2012 thi tong sd dan di eU
tudo keo den tinh Dak Ndng da la 22.597 hd,
105.210 ngudi (Xem b i n g 1)
B^ng 1 Tdng hop dSn di cU tiT do cac tinh
nhan dan dnh Dak Ndng, den nay da cd 3.394 hd vdi 18.979 khau, chu yeu tap trung
d hai huyen Dak Glong va Tuy DUc Bay thUe
sU khd khan ddi vdi viee sap xep, on djnh dan cu cua eae CO quan ehUe nang tinh Bak Ndng Bdi vi, tU sau nam 2004, mac du da cd Thdng bao so 52/TB-VPCP ngay 25/3/2002 CLia Van phdng Chinh phu ve viec khac phuc lan sdng di eu t u do cua cac dan tdc tU phi'a Bac di vao Tay Nguyen va Chi thi so 39/2004/ CT-TTg ngay 21/12/2004 cua Thu tudng Chfnh phu ve mdt so ehlj truong, giai phap tiep tue giai quyet tinh trang dan di cu t i i do, song tinh hinh ngudi Hmdng va mdt sd dan tdc khac van tiep tue di cUvao tinh Bak Ndng vdi nhdng dien bien tuy khdng d at nhUng
phia Bic den cac huyen trong tinh D^k Nong
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Dia b^n
Iiuyen
Krong No
CUJiit
Dak Song
TXGiaNglila
Dak Glong
Dak R'Mp
DakMU
T\iyDilc
T^ng cong
Giai doan
1996 - 2000
Ho
1.879 1.921 3.803 2.025 2.299 2.093
735
552
15.307
Khau
8.611
8.144 17.049 8.768 10.352 9.942 3.477 2.102
68.445
Giai doan
2001 - 2005
Ho
35
203
44
172 1.302
776
100
551
3.183
Khau
169 1.033
181
920 7.709 4.099
505
3.111 17.727
Giai doan
2006 - 2012
Hp
364
70
35 1.990
10
52 1.586
4.107
Khau
1.308
343
149 9.805
109
301 7.023
19.038
Tong
1996 - 3/2012
Ho 2.278 2.194 3.882 2.197 5.591 2.879
887 2.689 22.597
Khau 10.088 9.520 17.379 9.688 27.866 14.150 4.283 12.236 105.210
Nguon: Bao cdo tinh hinh thuc hien sap xep, on dinh dan di cu tudo tren dia ban tinh Dd/c Ndng cua Chi cue Phat then ndng thdn tinh Dai< Ndng, so 79/PTNT-KH, ngay 26 thdng 3 nam 2012
Tren eo sd sd lieu d bang 1 eho thay, sd
ngudi di eutif do den tinh Dak Ndng tU nam
1996 den nam 2012 la rat Idn Hon nUa, qua
ket qua khSo sat vao thang 4 nam 2013 edn
eho biet them, thanh phan tdc ngudi di cU
den Bak Ndng ehu yeu la Hmdng, Dao, Tay,
Nung, MUdng,Thai; mot sd dan tdc nhUTho,
Ld Ld, Ha Nhi chiem so lupng It Rieng tde
ngudi Hmdng, theo bao eao eCia Uy ban
ngay cang phUc tap hon Bieu dd dupe the hien kha rd qua bang 1 dtren, khidecapden eae giai doan 2001 - 2005 va tU nam 2006 den nay Ngoai ra, cung ed the theo ddi van
de nay qua cac nam dupc de cap trong bang sau day (Xem bang 2)
Cac so lieu trong bang 2 da chi ra rang, phan Idn dan di cU t u dp den BSk Ndng tCr
Trang 314 1
Bang 2 Tong hop dan di cU tU do til c^c tinh phia Bac v^o cac h u y i n cija tinh D i k Nong
giai doan nam 2004 den nam 2010
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Hay^n
Krong No
Cijiit
Dak Song
Gia Nghia
Dak Glong
DakR'lIp
Dak Mil
TuyDilc
18ng
2004
Ho
11
12
317
38
378
Khau
42
66
1.842
206
2.156
2005
Ho
22
346
31
399
Khau
143
1.956
158
2.257
2006
H6
12
329
341
Khau
49
1,459
1.508
2007
Ho
7
12
599
386
1.004
Khau
32
52
2.982
1.733 4.799
2008
Ho
344 S3
23
759
52
524
1.765
Khau 1.218
311
97
4,243
301
2.417 8.587
2009
H6
219
434
653
Khau
850
2.407 3.212
2010
H6
8
23
313
344
Khau
41
39
852
932
Tons
Ho
375
70
35 )4
2.592
31
90
1.657 4.884
Khau 1.3S0
343
149
209
13.326
J58
507
7.409 23.451
Ngudn: Bdo cao cua Chi cue Phdt trien ndng than tinh Bali Ndng
vao hai huyen D^k Glong, Tuy DUc Theo
Chi cue Phat trien ndng thdn va Ban Dan
tdc tinh D^k Ndng, hau het nhUng ngudi di
cu vao hai huyen nay deu la ngUdi Hmdng
Hp khdng chi tU eae tinh phia Bae ma cdn
di chuyen d^n day til cac tinh tren dia ban
Tay Nguyen, bdi d Dak Glong va Tuy DUe la
ndi tap trung chO yeu nhufng ngudi Hmdng
theo Tin lanh Vi vay, gan day dai dien ngudi
Hmdng d hai dja ban nay va d Dak Lak da de
xuat yeu eau den eae eo quan ehUc nang cho
phep hp thanh lap trung tam Tin lanh eua
ngudi Hmdng d tren dat Tay Nguyen
Neu chi xem xet hai xa Bak N'Drung va
Thuan Ha cua huyen Dak Song thi, Thuan
Ha la xa 100% ngudi dan di eu tU do den til
eae tinh Lang Son, Cao Bang, Bac Kan Tren
dja ban xa nay hien cd 1.164 hp, 4.597 khau,
trong do cac tde ngudi thieu sd la 330 hd vdi
1.432 khau, edn lai 834 hd vdi 3.166 khau
ngudi Kinh Song, tat eJ deu la dan di cU t u
do den lap nghiep tU sau nam 2000, trong
dd ngudi Kinh chu yeu tU cac tinh Thai Binh,
PhuThp,Thanh Hda, Nghe An Rieng xa BSk
khau, nhung ehi cd 375 hd vdi 2.109 khau ngudi Mndng la dan tai cho, so edn lai gdm cac dan tdc Kinh, Tay, Nung, IWudng, Dao, Thai, Hoa, Tho, Cao Lan deu la dan di cUtU
do tU cac tinh phia Bac va sd ft ngUdi Kinh di
cu npi tinh hoac tUflak Lak va tU mdt so tinh dTay Nguyen
Nhuvay, chi can diem qua tinh trang dan
di cu t u do tai mot sd dia ban eCia tinh Dak Ndng cung da chi ra rang, van de di cU tU do eOa cac toe ngUdi thieu sd tU cac tinh phfa Bac den day ludn cd nhOng dien bien philc tap, nhat la bd phan ngudi Hmdng.Tmh hinh nay da, dang va se cd nhiJng tac ddng hai mat tdi viee on dinh xa hdi va phat trien ben vUng cua tinh, nhat la viec sap xep bp tri lai cae khu dan cu Trong dd, mat tich cue tuy dupe the hien d chd: (1) Di dan ndi chung, di dan t u d o ndi rieng giup dieu phoi thj trudng lao ddng, tao ngudn nhan luc cho phat trien kinh te - xa hdi d d|a phuong thdng qua viec
on djnh dan cU, dau t u ho trp ve nhi^u mat; (ii) Ket qua thue hien cae chfnh saeh 6n djnh dan cU dan tpc tai noi xuat cu va noi nhap
cu thudng dem lai nhumg thay ddi to Idn cho
Trang 4dong bao cac dan tpc ve co sd ha tang, lao
dpng viec lam, ddi song xa hpi d cac dja
phuong trong nhieu tinh mien nui phia Bac
va Tay Nguyen, trong do co Dak Nong; (iii)
Cac cupe di d^n t i r d o luon tao ra nhCrng dja
ban cU tru xen l<e giufa cac dan tpc, neu co
bien phap qu^n ly tot se han che duac tinh
trang the lire thu djch Ipi dung dac diem dan
tpc, ton giao de tap hpp luc lupng nham gay
bao loan; (iv) Di dan, trong do co di dan tU do
con gop phan dhm bao dieu kien cho phat
trien kinh te - xa hpi mang tinh can bang giUa
cac vung mien ve dan cU dan tpc, ve nguon
nhan lUc, nhat la viec khai thac sU dung c6
hieu quci tiem nang tai nguyen thien nhien d
moi dia phuong
Song, nhUng tieu cUc ma di dan t u do
gay ra cung khong phai it Tru6c het, di dan
t u do luon g i n vcfi pha rUng gay hau qua
nghiem trpng den rUng dau nguon, rUng
lam trudng, rUng phong hp va cac khu bao
ton thien nhien Chang han, theo bao cao
cua Phong Tai nguyen va Moi trudng huyen
Oak Song, tinh trang ngUdi dan di cU tU do
pha rUng, lan chiem dat rUng de canh tac dien
ra van con gay gat, tU 2005 den nay da mat
di 36.302,57ha rUng Qua khao sat vao nam
2013 tai hai xa Thu^n Ha va Dak N'Drung cho
thay, c^ hai xa nay hau nhu khdng con rUng
vdi cay go quy, chi con dat do lam trUdng
quan ly; dac bi^t la xa Thuan Ha, trUdc nam
2000 toan rUng nguyen sinh, nhUng nay da
trd thanh dat canh tac va cac khu dan cU cua
nhiJng ngUdi di cU tU do tU cac tinh phia Bac
Mat khac, di dan t u d o con gay kho khan cho
viec 6n djnh trat tuan ninh bdi thudng xuyen
nay sinh nhUng phUc tap mdi cho quan ly xa
hpi nhU: hinh thanh nhieu tu diem dan cU
mdi ma chinh quyen cd sd khong kiem soat
dupc, gia tang cac loai tpi pham ChUa ke
viec di dan tU do d Dak Ndng vUa qua da lam
n^y sinh khong it mau thuan, anh hudng den
doan ket dan tdc giUa cac tpc ngudi di cU den vdi cac tpc ngudi tai cho, gay tranh chap dat giCra ngudi dan di cU den vdi cac nong lam trUdng
Cd the noi, di dan tU do, bat ke di chuyen trong ndi tinh hoac tU tinh khac keo den Dak Ndng van dang la mdt trong nhUng van de bUc xuc, nhat la doi vdi mpt bp phan ngUdi Hmdng Dd la, hau het cac cupe di cU t u do deu hudng den nOi giau tai nguyen rUng, ke
ca rUng bao ton thien nhien, rUng cua ndng lam trudng, nhat la den cac dja ban trpng diem thupc vung bien gidi, tao ra nhieu moi quan he rat phUc tap lien quan den nhieu linh vUc nhu mau thuan giCJ'a cac dan tpc, tranh chap dat dai, truyen dao va thanh lap cac CO sd sinh hoat dao trai phep, gia tang cac te nan xa hpi va budn ban cac chat ma tuy, nguy co bi cac the lUc thu djch Ipi dung
de chia re dai doan ket dan tdc, thanh laplUc lupng vdi muc dich ly khai
2 Viec on djnh dan cU dan tpc trong thdi gian qua va Ice hoach thdri gian tdi
Do ap lUc di dan t u d o nen cac tinh dTay Nguyen ndi chung, tinh Dak Ndng ndi rieng phai vUa on djnh djnh canh djnh cUchongUdi dan cac tpc ngudi tai cho, vda on dinh cupe song lau dai cho bp phan dan di cU tU noi khac den Trong dd, on djnh bd phan ngUdi dan di cu t u do da cd mat, dong thdi han che su nhap cU cua viec di dan tU phat keo den 6 at la nhiem vu trpng tam trpng diem Neu khdng lamtotvandenay se^nh hudng nghiem trpng den bp phan ngudi dan cac tpc ngUdi tai chd, bdi se gia tang tinh trang tranh chap va mua ban dat dai trai phep, pha hoai mdi trudng, gay mat on djnh xa hpi va
an ninh qudc phdng Nhan thay van de bdc xuc nay, lanh dao cung nhu cac nganh chdc nang cua tinh Dak Ndng ngay t d nhieu nam trUdc da khan truong quy hoach, sap xep bd
Trang 516 1
den nay da dat dupe nhUng ket qua dang ke
Theo Bao cao sd 79/PTNT-KH, ngay
26/3/2012 cua Chi cue Phat trien Ndng thdn
tinh Bak Ndng ve Tinh hinh thuc Men sap xep,
on dinh dan di cU tu do tren dia ban tinh Bai<
Nong, chi trong 10 nam, tinh tU 2001 den
2011, tinh nay da ra soat ke hoach va bd trf
sap xep, on djnh dupe 3.462 hd vdi 19.059
ngudi dan di cU tU do den day Trong dd,
tong sd hddan di cUtudo dupc hd trp kinh
phi de dn djnh cupe sdng la 2.322 hd 8.051
khau, vdi tdng kinh phi ho trp dupe la 13.646
trieu dong tUvdn sU nghiep di dan; cdn lai
la eae hd dan di cU tU do da tU on djnh ndi
eU tru, phat trien san xuat theo quy hoach cCia dja phupng ma khdng phai di ddi den noi djnh eanh djnh cU tap trung hay phSi xen ghep vdi dan sd tai (Xem bang 3) Trudc finh hinh dd tinh flak Ndng chij trpng vi sU nghiep on dinh dan eu dan toe tai eae dja ban, ke ca nhUng ndi vung sau, vung bien gidi, nhat la tU khi ed Quyet djnh
sd 33/2007/Qfl-TTg ngay 5/3/2007 cCia ThCl
tudng Chfnh phij ve Chinh sach ho trddidon
thuc hien dinh canh dinh cUcho ddng bao dan tqc thieu so giai doan 2007 den 2010 Qua qua
trinh thuc hien cac dU an, tinh Dak Ndng da dat dUde nhUng ket qua kha quan trong viec
Bang 3 Danh muc cac duan sap xep, on djnh dan di ctftirdo
dl dau tif tCr 2006 den 2012 cua tinh Dal< Nong
Dan vi: Trieu dong
TT
1
2
3
Danh muc
Dia
diem
jdy
diing
DiT an hoan thanh tif
nam201I v^tnldc
DA phat trien
SX va xoa doi
giam ngheo
cho dong bao
DCTD huyen
Dak Glong
D A D C D C
khu viic Con
Dau, Ea P6,
Ctljiit
DA 6n d i n h
d a n D C T D
k h u Trang Ba,
D a k Ha, D a k
Glong
Huyen
Dak
Glong
Huyen
CUJiit
Huyen
D a k
Glong
Muc ti^u dii
an
1.983
ho 10.629 khau
238 ho 1.083 Khau
183 h o
867
k h a u
ThM gian
KC-HT
Tlieo
ke hoach Nha nil6c giao
2006-2008
2006-2008
Quyft dinh dau tU
S 6 Q D , ngay
1410/QD-UBND, 25/10/
2007
1755/QD-UBND, 21/11/
2005
1613/QD-U B N D , 22/12/
2006
Tdng dau tii 80.337
53.468
10.933
15.936
Trong do NSTW 78.134
53.468
8.730
15.936
NSDP 2.203
2.203
V6nb6trid^n KH2012
T6ngs6
64.539
49.700
4.930
9.909
Trong do NSTW 64.539
49.700
4.930
9.909
Trang 617
on djnh dan cu dan tdc, nhat la da xay dung
dupc nhdng khu dan cU djnh canh djnh cd
tap trung hoac xen ghep Ben canh dd, tinh
nay cdn d^ xuat ke hoach tiep tuc cdng cudc
on djnh dan cu dan tdc cho den nam 2015
vdi muc tieu xay dung nhieu diem dan cU
dinh canh dinh cU dudi hai hinh thdc tap
trung hay xen ghep bang each tiep thu kinh
nghiem va bai hpc tU viec thuc hien cdng tac
nay d cac giai doan trudc Cd the ndi, day la
giai phap tot nhat de on djnh ddi sdng va
phat trien san xuat cho ngUdi dan cac tdc
ngUdi d tinh D i k Ndng tren co sd cai thien
cac CO sd ha tang ve dudng, trUdng, tram,
thdng tin truyen thdng
3 Mot so van de dat ra doi vd^i viec on
dinh dan cUdan toe
- On dinh dan cU dan tpe d tinh DSk Ndng
ndi riing, d cdc tinh mien nui va bien gidi noi
chung la mpt qud trinh lau dai vdi nhieu kho
khan thach thUe Cdng cudc on djnh dan cU
dSn tpc theo hinh thdc djnh canh djnh cu
hoac tai djnh canh dinh cU cho cac dan tpc
thieu sd ndi chung la chien lUpc trpng tam
trpng diem de phat trien kinh te - xa hdi
nhUng la mpt qua trinh lau dai Bdi vi, phong
trao van ddng bd phan ngudi dan cac tpc
ngudi thieu so d mien nui phia Bac ha son
sdng dinh canh djnh cu da dupc trien khai
t d nhdng nam 60 the ky XX, va keo dai sudt
thdi ky hpp tac xa ndng nghiep Sau nam
1986 khi tien hanh ddi mdi toan dien, hpp
tac xa tuy da gicii the de chuyen sang co che
kinh te hd gia dinh gan vdi thj trudng nhUng
cdng tac djnh canh djnh cu, tUc dn djnh dan
cu dan tdc van dang tiep dien dudi nhieu
hinh thdc da dang hon nham thich Ung vdi
tinh hinh phat trien di len cua dat nudc Su
nghiep nay van ludn dupc coi la mat xich
quan trpng trong chinh sach dan tdc cua
D^ng va Nha nUdc, nham tao dieu kien ngay
them tot hcfn doi vdi nhu cau phat trien kinh
te - xa hpi, nhat la thuc hien cac dUan ho trp cua Nha nUdc, dam bao on djnh chinh trj va
an ninh qudc phdng d dja phUOng Hien nay, vdi yeu cau thuc hien ngay cang cd hieu qua cac chfnh sach dau tU phat trien kinh te, dn dinh ddi sdng ngUdi dan tren co sd chuyen ddi CO cau cay trong vat nudi theo hudng san xuat hang hoa thi su nghiep djnh canh djnh cU ddi vdi mdt bd phan dan cua nhi^u dan tdc thieu sd d cac tinh bien gidi, trong
dd cd tinh Dak Ndng cang trd nen cap bach, khdng chi de giai quyet cac van de di cU tU
do ma cdn nham dam bao an ninh bien gidi, han che cac te nan xa hdi Bdi vay, thdi gian qua cung nhu hien nay, viec dn djnh dan cU
va djnh canh djnh cu d tinh Dak Ndng cung
da va dang dupc Nha nUdc, chinh quyen cac cap va cac nganh d dja phuong quan tam thuc hien tren co sd Idng ghep vdi cac chinh sach dat dai, dU an dau tU ho trp phat trien, chuong trinh xoa ddi giam ngheo nhat la thuc hien Quyet djnh sd 33/2007/QO-TTg ngay 5/3/2007 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu
- 6n dinh ddn cu dan tpc hien nay tuy ed quy hoqeh nhUng deu gan vdi ca che mdi va khong chi ddi hoi von ddu tu Idn ma edn ddi hoi ngUdi dan thay doi can ban tap qudn san xudt Cai khd khan Idn nhat trong giai doan
hien nay ddi vdi viec on djnh dan cu dan tpc, trong dd cd on djnh ddi sdng cho dan di cU
t u d o la viec thieu dat canh tac, thieu ngudn nudc cung nhU dat 6 va rUng san xuat, nhat
la tai cac xa da thUc thi Luat Dat dai, thUc hien xong chu trUOng giao dat giao rUng ma khdng cdn quy dat dU phdng Bdi vay, rat nhieu duan on djnh dan cUdan tdc, tUc djnh canh djnh cu tap trung hoac xen ghep va ca
tai djnh cU bdi cdng trinh quoc gia da dUpc
thUc hien thdi gian gan day deu kha ton
Trang 718 i
sd tai, xay dung mdt sd co sd ha tang kinh
te - xa hpi Tuy vay, khi thUc hien xong dU
an iai nay sinh nhieu van de phUc tap nhU:
can thay ddi tap quan san xuat, sinh hoat cda
ngUdi dan, bdi vi phai chuyen ddi cO cau cay
trong, nganh nghe san xuat cho phij hpp vdi
dieu kien noi d mdi, ngUdi dan hudng thu
du an phai tU thich Ung vdi mdi trUdng canh
quan noi chpn de dn djnh dan cU, chUa ke
viec thay doi cac mdi quan he xa hdi, giao lUu
tiep xuc van hoa vdi nhdng ngUdi ddng tdc
hoac khac tpc sinh sdng lien ke Day la ca
mpt van de Idn, nhat la ddi vdi cac dU an bd
tri, sap xep djnh canh dinh cU tap trung
- Viec on dinh dan cU ddn tpc hien nay tuy
thuan lai ban ddu do co von dau tU cCia Nha
nudc, nhUng ve lau dai ngudi don van chua
thue sUyen tam on dinh san xudt Su nghiep
on dmh dan cu dan tpc, bao gdm on djnh
tinh trang di dan tU do theo hinh thUc djnh
canh djnh cU hoac tai djnh canh djnh cU
trong dieu kien hien nay gap rat nhieu khd
khantUca hai phfa langUdidan va NhanUdc
Qua nghien cUudDak Ndng cho thay, neu di
rdi dan ra khdi noi d cu hoac tU trong rdng
phdng hp, rdng bao ton thien nhien de sdng
dinh canh djnh cU d npi hoan toan mdi thi
se phai tien hanh cac khau chuan bj tai noi
se van dpng dan den Trong dd, mot trong
nhUng khau quan trpng hang dau la quy
hoach dat dai, bao gdm dat san xuat, dat d,
dat rUng de phuc vu cho ngUdi dan khai thac
cui ddt, go lam nha, thu hai cac san vat tU
nhien Viec chuan bj mdt dien tich dat nhu
vay rat tdn kem va phai thUc hien theo dUan
cCia Nha nUdc Rieng viec djnh canh djnh cU
theo hinh thUc bd tri sap xep lai khu dan cU
dtrong pham vi dja vUc thdn, bon dUdi dang
ha son xudng vung thap hon hoac di chuyen
den noi thuan Ipi hon ve cP sd ha tang thi
san xuat cua ddng bao Bdi cac khu dat sin xuat, trong cay cdng nghiep cua cac ho gia dinh deu nam tai nOi d cu, each xa noi
cU tru mdi, nen ngudi dan phai mat thdi gian
di lam Vi the, trong mua s^n xuat, hp vda cu tru d nha tai noi mdi vUa dtrong lan Duong nhien, viec van chuyen san pham trong trot khi thu hoach cung kha vat va Hon nUa, neu xem xet cac ban mdi thUc hi$n djnh canh djnh cu nhu mdt sd bon ngUdi Mndng cacxa DakN'drung,TrUdng Xuan (Dak Song), ngadi
Hmdng xa Dak Ngo (Tuy Ddc) cung kha
khd khan trong phat trien chan nudi do xung quanh nPi cUtru mdi khong cd bai chanthti gia sue Cac hd nudi bd, trau, de theo dii
an vay tien ngan hang chinh sach deu phai chan tha tai cac bai cd d xa nha
- ThUc hien on dinh ddn cUdan tpe hien nay
duac ho tra bdi edc ehuang thnh, ehinh sdch eua Nha nude, nhdt Id chinh sdch md rpng dien tich ddt san xudt, tao them viec lam song, cac chinh sdch deu chung chung va dan trai, nhiiu nai kho dp dung va dem lai hiiu qua khong cao Ddi vdi nhUng nPi lay ndng nghiep lam
san xuat chfnh, trong viec on dinh dan cudan tdc, sU thuan Ipi cho phat trien trong trot va chan nudi cd le chi dien ra ddi vdi nhUng dja ban cd nhieu rudng nudc,keca thuc hien diJ
an khai pha them rudng va tien hanh djnh
canh dinh cu ngay tai dd Day la giai phap
dang dupc ap dung d nhieu dja phUdng thupc tinh Dak Ndng va nhieu tinh phia Bac qua cac dU an ap dung theo mpt sd quyet djnh cua Chinh phCi, nhat la Quyet djnh so 253/2005/QD-TTg, Quyet djnh sd 160/2007/ QD-TTg, Quyet djnh sd 456/2004/QD-TTg Song, d nhdng dja phuong thieu nudc san xuat thi khi ap dung giai phap nay deu kh6 khan Cd nghTa la, giai phap thCiy Ipi va khai pha rudng hoac cung cap nudc de trong cay
Trang 8I 1?
ban d vung thap hon va cd sdng, sudi Trong
khi, dn djnh dan cudan tpc ludn la sU nghiep
cap bach va mang tinh trpng tam, trpng
diem de phat trien ben vijfng d cac tinh mien
nui va Tay Nguyen
- Nhieu dudn on djnh ddn cudan tpe duac
ddu tu ton kem nhung vdn ehua eo bien phdp
phu hap, kha thi han de duy th lau dai va phdt
huy ngay cang cd hieu qua, md tdt ca hau nhU
deu phu thupc vao cdch thich nghi eua ngUdI
dan khi duac hudng thu dudn Dd la viec tiep
tuc duy tri va phat huy nhdng thanh qua cac
du an on djnh dan cU dan tdc da dat dupc
trong thdi gian qua, nhat la giai doan tU
2006 - 2010 Qua ket qu^ nghien cUu cho
thay, rat nhieu duan, nhat la nhdng du an on
djnh dan cudan tdc theo hinh thUc tap trung
dudi dang djnh canh djnh cu, tai djnh canh
djnh cutai nhOfng noi thuan tien dudng giao
thdng va cac co sd ha tang khac, thudng gap
nhieu khd khan ve dat san xuat, he thdng
thCiy Ipi, ke ca nudc sinh hoat Dieu nay cd
nghia la khdng gan ket dupc noi cU tru vdi
tap quan san xuat trUdc day cua ngUdi dan,
va gan vdi dd la bao tdn van hda tpc ngudi
Day ciJng la mdt van de dang dat ra ddi vdi
nhdng npi vCing sau cua tinh Dak Ndng va
cac tinh mien nui khacDac biet, viec on djnh
dan cUdan tpc tai nhdng dja ban thieu dUdng
giao thdng cdn phai tdn kem xay dUng cac
cPsdha tang, song duy tri ket qua cda duan
va d^m bao giU dan d lai lau dai thi cang khd
khan hon Day cung la van de trong viec on
dinh dan cu tai cac dja ban trpng diem Tay
Nguyen va cac tinh mien nui, cd giai quyet
tdt mdi giUvilfng an ninh qudc phdng
- Viec on dinh dan cu ddn tpe hien nay tuy
eung nguon von eua Nha nude nhung qud
nhieu ca quan chu th, dUng chu ddu tu, gay
khd khdn cho viee quan ly va gidm sdt, lam
chi chong cheo nhau, gay thdt thodt lang phi ngan sdch eua Nha nudc Lien quan den viec duy tri cac dU an dn djnh dan cU dan tdc
thieu sd theo cac md hinh dinh canh djnhcu tap trung, xen ghep hoac tai djnh canh dinh cu d vung dan tpc va mien nui ndi chung van cdn bat cap trong viec chu tri, quan ly va thUc hien cac chinh sach, dUan Cho den nay, viec de ra chu trUOng, chfnh sach va thuc hien cac du an on dinh dan cu dan tdc cung nhU cac chinh sach khac nham duy tri va phat huy hieu qua cua mdi dU an van chua thdng nhat ve CO quan chu tri, quan ly vathUc hien Chang han, Quyet dinh sd 193/2006/QO-TTg
ngay 24/8/2006 cuaThu tUdng Chinh phu Ve viec phe duyet Chuang thnh bo th dan cu cac vOng: thiin tai, dac biet kho khan, bien gidi, hai dao, di cU tu do, xung yeu va rat xung yeu cua rUng phong hp, khu bao ve nghiem nggt cua rUng dac dung giai doan 2006 -lOIOva dinh hudng den ndm 2015 dUpc giao quyen quan
ly va chu tri cho Bp Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Ndng thdn; Quyet djnh 167/2008/QD-TTg ngay 12/12/2008 cua Thu tudng Chfnh
phu Ve chinh sdch hd trahp ngheo venhddKh)
do Bd Xay dUng lam dau mdi; trong khi, Nghj quyet sd 30A/2008/NQ-CP ngay 27/12/2008
cua Chfnh phu Ve chuang trinh ho tra giam ngheo nhanh vo ben vdng doi vdi 61 huyen ngheo lai giao cho Bp Lao dpng - ThUOng
binh va Xa hpi gid vai trd chi dao; rieng cac chuong trinh 135, 134 hoac Quyet djnh 33 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu lai do Oy ban Dan tdc chu tri Viec nay da dan den tinh trang trong cung mpt thdi diem, mpt dja ban dan
cU, cung muc tieu dn dinh dan cU dan tpc va phat trien kinh te - xa hdi cho ddng bao ma lai cd nhieu bd nganh cung tham gia thUc hien du an, lam cho hieu qua dau tU thap so vdi thiet ke bdi nhieu nguyen nhan, tham chf khdng ddng bp, chdng cheo va mau thuan nhau ddi vdi mdt sd cdng doan, gay lang phi
Trang 92 ^
Ket luan
Thdi gian gan day, tinh trang di dan, nhat
la di dan tU do d nhieu tpc ngUdi thieu so
den DSk Nong la mot trong nhCrng van de
bufc xuc khong chi lien quan den quan he
dan tpe, ddng thai ton giao, tin ngudng va
deim bao an ninh d dia phUPng, ma cdn gay
anh hudng den phat trien ben vOng d nPi
day, nhat la viec thuc thi eae chinh sach dan
tpc cOa Nha nude, ke hoach on dinh dan cU
dan tpc va phat trien kinh te - xa hpi d dja
phuong, gay khd khan cho viee quan ly dan
eutrendiaban
GiJi quyet tinh trang di dan t u do trong
bdi eanh hi§n nay la cong viec het sUe nan
gi^i, do lien quan den ca he thong cac van
de nhu phat then on dinh va ngay cang tot
hdn v^ kinh te - xa hpi tai dja phUdng, nhat
la van de dat san xuat, lao dpng viee lam va
on d|nh ddi sdng; kiem soat chat che cac moi
quan he dan tpc, dam bao an ninh xa hpi va
moi doan ket tai cac cpng dong dan cU dan
tpc; trong do, on dinh dan cU dan tpc dudi
nhieu hinh thufc phu hdp vdi thuc tien mOi
dja phUdng la mot trong nhdng giai phap
quan trpng, co y nghTa quyet djnh den viec
giUdan dial
Tren co sdcae chinh sach va chuong trinh,
du an ho trp cOa Nha nudc, viee on djnh dan
eUdan tpc dudi nhieu hinh thUe tai tinh Bak
Ndng dang dat dupc nhOng ket quJ to Idn,
gdp phan dam bap dai doan ket dan toe
va giO vflng an ninh qudc phdng d noi day
Song, do nhieu nguyen nhan, viee dn djnh
dan cu dan tpc thdi gian qua tai mot sd noi
trong tinh cdn nhieu bat cap, chua ke tien dp
thuc hien cae dUan da dupe quy hoach hoac
phSi quy hoach lai eho phu hpp vdi so dan
di cu den qua ddng Bay la van de can dupe
hon tinh trang di dan tU do, vUa nham tang cudng an ninh quoc phdng
LIEU THAM K H A O
1 Chi cue Phat trien ndng thon tinh DSl
Ndng (2012), 8do cdo tinh hinh thUc hien sop xep, on dinh dan di cUtUdo trin dia bdn tUi Bdl< Ndng, Bao eao sd 79/PTNT-KH, ngay 26
thang 3 nam 2012
2 Di dan tuphdt cua cdc ddn tdc thieu so Tay, Nung, Dao tUBac vdo Nam (Bao cao ket
qua thuc hien d ^ tai cap bp nam 1999 do PGS.TS Khong Dien lam ehCi nhiem, Tai lieu luu trOr tai Thu vien Vien Dan tpc hpc)
3 Bau Tuan Nam (2009), Di dan tudo ck ngudi Hmdng d mien Tdy Thanh Hod vd Nglie
An hi^n nay, Lu^n an tien sT Nhan hpc Van
hda (tuu trO tai Thu vien Vien Dan tde hpe)
4 Phdng Tai nguySn va IVldi trudng huyen Dak Song, tinh Bak Ndng (2012), SdocdotinI:
hinh Qudn ly, sUdung ddt dai cdc du an dm tutren dia ban huyen dudcgiao va thue ddt tit 01/01/2004 den nay
5 Nguyen Ba ThUy (2004), D; ddn tudo cua cdc dan tqc Tdy, Nung, Hmdng, Dao tUCao Bang, Lang Sdn vdo Dal< /.ok giai doan
1986-2000, Nxb Lao dpng - Xa hpi Ha Ndi
6 ijy ban nhan dan tinh Dak Nong (20111
Bdo cdo tong liet thuc hien cdng tdc ddn tbc giai doan 2006 - 2010 vd phUdng hUdng, nhiem vu giai doan 2011 -2015, Bao cao so
119/BC-UBND ngay 15/6/2011
7 UBND tinh Bak Nong (2010), Bdo cdo tong ket liet qud thuc hien Chuang trinh 135 giai doan ii 2006 -2010 tren dia ban tlni Bak Ndng, Bao cao so 314/BC-UB ngay
9/12/2010