d nude ta, dudi gdc do khoa hge phdp ly, chflc nang xa hdi c i a nha nfldc dflpc hieu la nhiem vu ddl ndi c i a nha nfldc, "thd hien thupc tfnh xd hpi va vai trd cua nha nfldc trong vi
Trang 1xi-^
THirC HlfN CHU'C NRNG XR HOI CUR NHR Nir6C VI€T NAM
DU6l SITTRC DONG CUR KHUNG HORNG KINH l i
L £ V A N THAO '*'
Khiing hodng kinh tetodn cdu dang tdc dgng mgnh me de'n mgi mat cua ddi so'ng kinh
te-xd hdi, nd dgt ra nhUng thdch thUe ldn dot vdi viec thiic hiin chUe ndng te-xd hdi cua Nhd nUdc Viit Nam hien nay Trin cd sd phdn tich nhiing dnh hudng cua cugc khung hodng kinh ti'todn cdu di'n viic thUc hien chUc ndng xd hgi cua nhd nUdc, tde gid hdi viii dd dUa ra cdc gidi phdp nhdm ndng cao hieu qud thiic hiin chitc ndng xd hgi cua Nhd nUdc ta, do Id: Tdng cUdng sii lanh dgo cua Bdng Cdng sdn Viet Nam; hodn thiin hi thong chinh sdch, phdp ludt; xdy ditng tinh chuyin nghiip cua ddi ngu cdng chUc; hodn thiin cdng tdc kiem tra, gidm sdt, phong chdng tham nhiing, ldng phi; xd hgi hda cdc ngudn lUc; tang cUdng giao lUu hdp tdc qud'c ti fn^X ua trinh hdi nhap qud'e te' sau rdng
IC/J tren eae linh vfle cia ddi sd'ng kinh
o td' - xa hdi da lam thay ddi dien
mao cia dit nfldc, dfla Viet Nara trci
thinh radt mit xich quan trpng trong
he thd'ng kinh t l the gidi, khang dinh vi
the cia dan tdc ta trdn trfldng qud'e tl
Ben canh do, chung ta eung dang phai
ddi dien vdi nhflng tac ddng tieu cflc cia
cupc khing hoang kinh t l the' gidi; vi
vay, t i t ye'u can phai cd sfl can thiep
cia nha nfldc nhim dam bao sfl phat
trien hai hda va ben vQng eia dat nfldc
1, Chflc nang xa hoi c i a nha nfldc
Do cac each tilp cdn khae nhau, nen
quan dilm ve chfle nang nha nfldc ndi
chung cung nhfl chfle nang xa hdi cia
nha nfldc ndi rieng de'n nay dang ed
nhilu dilm ehfla thd'ng nhat Giao sfl
lurii Knjazev (Nga) cho ring, chUc ndng
xd hgi eua nhd nUdc Id phuang dien hogt
ddng cia nha nfldc ve kinh t l - xa hpi,
thUe hien cac nhiem vu bao ve ldi ich
eia toan xa hdi va tQng thanh vien
trong xa hdi Vdi each hilu ndy, chQc
nang xa hpi cia nha nUdc bao gdm t i t ca
cac hogt dgng ca bdn cia nha nUdc
d nude ta, dudi gdc do khoa hge phdp
ly, chflc nang xa hdi c i a nha nfldc dflpc
hieu la nhiem vu ddl ndi c i a nha nfldc,
"thd hien thupc tfnh xd hpi va vai trd cua nha nfldc trong vide tie dpng vao linh vfle xa hpi de dam bao sfl dn dinh
va phat tridn xa hdi, giai quylt mdi quan he gifla ea nhan vdi cpng ddng xa hdi"(l) Tuy nhien, trong bdl canh todn eiu hda hien nay, sfl tfldng tae gifla cic qudc gia r i t phfle tap, vi vay se khd khan khi xae dinh dae trflng chQc nang
xa hdi e i a nha nfldc Tac gia Ld Thu Hing cho ring, chflc nang xa hdi cua nha nfldc la "phfldng dien hoat ddng cd ban cia nha nfldc t h i hien ban chit chfnh tri - xa hdi e i a nha nfldc trong vide thfle hidn trach nhidm, nhidm vu
xa hdi d cac giai doan phat trien xa hdi nhit dinh"(2)
(*) Thac si, Nghign cflu sinh Tridt hpc, Hpc vi^n Khoa hpc xa h6i
(1) Trfldng Dai hpc Lu^it Gido trinh Ly ludn Nhd niidc vd Phdp ludt Nxb Cong an nhSn dan Ha
Npi, 2012, tr.41 •
(2) Lg Thu Hang C/iifc ndng xd hgi cHa Nhd nUdc Cdng hba xd hgi chu nghm Viit Nam LuEin an tidn
si, Dai hoc Luat, Ha Noi, 2003, tr.32
Trang 2TU phuang dien triet hgc, Dudng Thi
Thuc Anh nhan dinh: "Chflc nang xa
hdi c i a nha nude dflde hilu la nhflng
phuang diin hogt ddng ca bdn eua nha
nfldc tae ddng vao cac linh vfle hoat
ddng xa hpi nhim duy tri vd phat triln
xa hdi dfldi sfl lanh dao, quan Iy, dieu
hdnh eia giai cap cam quyen"(3) Trong
khi dd, theo Nguyin Ddng Thdng; "Chfle
nang xa hdi eia nha nudc ndi ldn ring
bit k^ nha nUde nao ciing phai thiic
hien viec qudn ly nhiing hogt ddng
chung vi sfl tdn tai e i a xa hdi, phai lo
tdi mdt sd' cong viee ehung c i a toan xa
hpi, trong gidi han ed t h i dUde, nd phai
thda man mdt s6' nhu ciu chung cia
cdng ddng dan cfl nam dfldi sfl quan ly
cia nha nfldc dd"(4) Cung ddng tinh vdi
quan diem do, nhUng dUde didn dat
theo mdt each khac, tae gia TrUdng
Qud'e Chfnh viet; "ChQc ndng xa hdi cia
nha nUde la thUc hien viic qudn ly va
ddm nhiim mgt sd cdng viec ehung cia
toan xa hpi, nhQng boat dpng ehung vi
sfl tdn tai va phat trien c i a ca cpng
ddng; no phai ddng vai trd la ed quan
cdng quyen giai quyet nhiing vin de an
sinh xa hdi dl lam diu sfl xung dot giai
eip, nhim lam eho xd hpi tdn tai trong
vdng trat tfl xac dinh"(5)
Nhfl vay, cho deh nay, mac du dfldi
nhilu goc dp tie'p cefli va each dien dat
khac nhau, nhflng nhin ehung, cd hai
cdch hieu v l chfle nang xa hdi cia nha
nfldc; Mdt la, cac hoat dpng cia nha nfldc
trong viec thfle hien trach nhidm, nghia
vu cua nha nfldc doi v6i ldi feh chung eia
cpng ddng tren mpi linh vfle cia ddi sdng
xa hdi (kinh tl, van hda, xd hdi); hai la,
cac hoat ddng cia nha nfldc vi ldi feh cia
cpng ddng trong pham vi linh vfle xd hpi,
nhfl vide lam, y te, giao due, an sinh xa
hoi, bao ve mdi trfldng, v.v
Theo ehung tdi, vdi tfnh each mpt bd phan quan trpng e i a kie'n true thfldng ting, nha nfldc chiu sfl quy dinh ca trfle tiep ian gian tiep c i a ed set ha ting, nhit la sfl quy dinh e i a quan he vl sd hflu tfl lieu san xud't Do do, tie'p can chflc ndng xa hdi c i a nha nfldc dfldi gdc
dp triet hpc ddi hoi chung ta cin phai xem xet va lam rd ban chd't eua nha nfldc, thay dflde cdi ngudn sau xa eia quyen lflc nha nUdc, bdi nd se Id ye'u td' quyet dinh va anh hUcfng trUc tie'p den npi dung, phUdng thQc thfle hien chflc nang nha nQdc ndi chung va chQc nang
xa hdi ndi rieng Ve mat ban chat, nha nude dupe xem la "bd may cia mdt giai cip nay dQng de tran ap mdt giai cap khac"(6) Tuy nhien, ban than nha nUde
la san pham e i a sfl phat trien cia xd hdi; do dd, nd mang nhQng gia tri nhit dinh, ddng vai trd quan trpng trong vide giai quyet nhQng cdng viec ehung ma moi ca nhan khdng the tQ giai quyet dQde Vi thd', theo chung tdi, chQc ndng
cia nha nQdc la tdng the cdc hogt ddng
cua nhd nUdc nhdm dam hdo dia vi thdng tri cua giai cdp ndm tU lieu sdn
(3) Dfldng Thi Thuc Anh Vd'n di thUc hien chiic
ndng xd hgi cua Nhd nUdc Vi&t Nam trong diiu kiin phdt trien kinh ti thi trUdng hiin nay Luan
an tie'n si, Hpc vien Hanh chinh quoc gia TP Hd Chf Minh, Ha'Noi, 2012, tr.39
(4) Nguygn Dang Thong Nang cao hieu qua thUc
hien ckUc ndng giai cdp vd chiic ndng xd hgi cua Nhd nUdc trong qud trinh xdy diing nhd nUdc phdp quyin d niidc ta hien nay LuSn an tidn si Triet
hoc, Hpc vien Chinh tri Qudc gia Hd Chf Minh, Ha N6i, 2000, t r l 3
(5) TrUdng QuS'c Chinh Quan diim cua Mdc,
Angghen, Linin ui xdy dUng nhd nUdc xd hgi chu nghia vd viic van dung dixay dUng nhd niidc cua
tien si Tridt hoc, TrUcing Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hpi
va N h a n v5n, Ha Npi, 2008, tr.27
(6) C M a c va Ph.Angghen Todn tap, t.22 Nxb
Chfnh tri Quoc gia, Ha Npi, 2004, tr.290
Trang 3xudt chu yeu cua xd hdi, td chUc qudn ly
xd hdi vd thoa mdn nkStng nhu cdu
chung cua cdng dong ddn cU dgt dudi
sUqudn ly cua nhd nUdc dd
NhQ vdy, cd t h i thiy ring, viee phan
chia chQc nang nha nQdc thdnh chflc
nang giai cip (hay cdn gpi la chfle nang
thd'ng tri chinh tri) vd chQc nang xa hdi
la hoan toan phu hdp vdi each tie'p can
ve tinh chat quyen iQc cia nha nfldc
Trong dd, chfle nang xa hpi la nhitng
phuang diin hogt dgng cua nhd nUdc
nhdm thUc hiin viic tdchUc, qudn ly vd
thoa mdn nhiing nhu cdu chung cia
edng ddng dan cfl nim dfldi sfl quan ly
eia nha nfldc do Tuy nhien, tren thfle
tl, sfl phan dinh gifla chflc nang giai
cip va chflc nang xa hpi chi la tfldng ddl
vd khdng h i ddn gian, nd ddi hoi phai
cdn cQ vao viec nhflng phQdng dien boat
ddng do c i a nhd nfldc cd thfle sfl vi ldi
ieh cia nhan dan, cia cdng ddng hay
chi VI ldi Ieh feh ky cia mdt giai cip,
mpt nhdm ngfldi ndo do trong xa hdi
Cd the khang dinh, sfl ra ddi cia nha
nfldc la radt t i t ye'u khach quan, nhim
dap flng yeu eiu phat trien cia lflc
lfldng san xuit trong xa hpi Tuy nhien,
mpt nha nude se khong the ton tai nlu
nd chi phuc vu ldi feh cia giai ca'p thdng
tri ma khdng tinh den ldi feh c i a eae
giai cip, ting Idp khae trong xd hpi Do
dd, ngoai chflc nang la cong cu duy tri,
bao ve sfl thd'ng tri c i a giai cap nay ddl
vdi giai cip khae, nha nfldc cdn la td
chfle bao dam ldi Ich chung cua xa hdi
Viec thfle hien cac nhiem vu thupc chflc
nang xa hpi c i a nha nfldc trd thanh
phfldng tien de ldm diu sfl xung dot
gifla giai cip thd'ng tri va cac giai cap,
ting Idp bi tri VI dilu nay, Ph.Angghen
vilt: "d khip ncii, chfle nang xa hpi la cd
sd cia sfl thdng tri; va sfl thing tri
chfnh tri ciing keo dai ehttog nao nd cdn
t h i hidn chfle nang xa hdi c i a n6"(7) ^ Vide thfle hidn chflc nang xa hdi c i a nha nfldc t h i hidn vai trd xa hdi^ cia nha nfldc Tren tliiic te, ed nhilu van dl
ma ban than cac ca nhdn khdng thd tfl giai quyet dupc, n h i t la trong bdi canh toin ciu hda hien nay: Vin de viec Idm, nha d, giao due, y te, bao vd radi trUdng, chdng cac dich bdnh, ehd'ng khing bd', v.v Dilu do ddi hdi can phai ed sii dilu ehinh cia nhd nUdc
Su khac nhau can ban trong viec thfle hien chflc nang xa hdi giQa nha nQdc xa hdi c h i nghia vdi cac nha nfldc bdc lot khae la d ehd, cac nha nfldc boc lot thQc hien chfle nang xa hdi khdng phai vdi tfl each raue dich ma la phfldng
tien de ldm diu mau thuan, cing cl,
dam bao sfl thd'ng tri chinh tri va kinh
t l eia thieu sd giai cap bdc lot vdi da s i nhflng ngfldi bi ap bflc, boc lot Theo dd, viec thfle hien chflc ndng xa hdi eia cac nha nfldc hoc lot ludn hi gidi h^n trong pham vi chat hep va hi chi phdl bSi quan diem c i a giai ca'p bde Idt, xuit phat tQ nhiing ldi ich v l kinh te va ehfnh tri feh ky c i a thidu sd' dan cU trong xa hdi NgUdc lai, viec thfle hidn chflc nang xa hpi c i a nha nQdc xa hdi
e h i nghia dfldc xac dinli Id muc dich chfl khdng phai la phUOng tiin de nha
nfldc ay duy tri sfl thd'ng tri eia nd Trong nha nfldc xa hpi c h i nghia, nlu nhfl chfle nang giai eip dfldc xem la
nhidra vu thudng xuyin, Idu ddi thi
chflc ndng xa hdi lai la nhiem vu ctf
hdn, quydt dinh trfle tie'p de'n sfl thing
ldi hay t h i t bai eua cdng eude xay dflng
e h i nghia xa hdi Do dd, trong cac nha nfldc xa hdi c h i nghia ngay cdng thfle
(7) CMac va PhAngghen Todn tap Sdd., t.20, tr.253
Trang 4hidn sau rdng hdn chflc nang xa hdi cia
minh, ngay cang eo nhflng can thiep
manh hdn nQa vao linh vfle xa hdi Npi
dung chQc ndng xa hdi cia nhd nfldc
dae biet chu trpng dd'n nhQng mat,
nhiing hfldng c i a cac Iinh vfle xa hdi
thupc chfnh sach xa hdi, nhfl bao hilm
xa hdi, cflu trd xa hdi vd Qu dai xa hpi
Vide thQc hien tdt chflc nang xa hdi se
gdp phin ban che' bat cdng va b i t binh
dang trong xa hdi, tao mdi trUdng
thudn ldi dd kfch thfch ta't ea cac thanh
vidn trong xa hdi hUdng de'n muc tieu
cham sdc eho con ngUdi, vi con ngUdi
Mdt khi chfle nang xa hpi cia nha
nfldc dfldc thfle hien tdt se gdp phan on
dinh chfnh tri, xa hdi, tao ra nhiing
ddng lflc thue diy nen kinh t l phdt
trien bin vflng Tuy nhien, khdng nen
tuyet ddl hda chflc ndng xa hpi c i a nha
nfldc, bdi ne'u qua dl cao se anh hfldng
xau ddh diu tfl phat trien kinh te' Dieu
nay se khien khdng ehi eae muc tieu
cia chflc ndng xa hdi khdng thfle hien
dUdc, md cdn anh hudng tdi chflc nang
giai ca'p Do dd, viee thfle hidn chflc
ndng xa hpi cung can can cfl vao tiem
lflc cia xa hdi trong tflng giai doan lich
si, de dam bao nhan dan dflde thu
hudng nhflng thanh qua do sfl phat
tridn cia xa hpi mang lai nhflng khdng
bien nd trd thdnh ganh nang cho xa hpi
2 Khing hoang kinh td' toan cau
va nhflng tac dong c i a nd de'n viec
thfle hidn chiic nang xa hoi c i a
Nha nfldc Vidt Nam
TQ quan dilm kinh te, khing hoang
kinh t l dfldc hidu la tinh trgng rdi loan,
mdt sU cdn hdng, mdt on dinh do cdc
mdu thudn trong qud trinh sdn xudt
gdy ra trong mdt khodng thdi gian nhdt
dinh, de Igi hgu qud ldn vi kinh te vd
xd hdi
Khi ly giai nguyen nhan eia khung hoang kinh te', J.Sismondi (Thuy Si) cho rang, khing hoang kinh t l khdng phai la hidn tfldng ngiu nhien, cue bd
ma diln ra c6 tinh chu ky Theo dng,
nguyen nhan ed ban eia khiing hoang kinh t l la trong linh vfle phdn phdi Khi
c h i nghia tu ban cdng phat trien thi san xuit cang mci rdng; mat khac, tieu dung ngay cang giam bdt "Tidu dflng khdng d i " la nguyen nhan eia khing hoang kinh te'
Theo C.Mae, nguyen sdu xa cia khing hoang kinh t l bit ngudn tQ chinh mau thuan cd ban eia ehi nghia tU ban
Dd la mau thuan giQa trinh dp xa hpi hda eao cia iQc iQdng san xuat vdi che'
dp chilra hQu tU nhan tfl ban ehi ngbia
ve tfl heu san xua't chi ye'u eia xa hpi Mau thuin nay bieu hien thanh cac raau thuan; Mau thuan gifla tinh cd td chQc, ed ke' hoaeh trong tflng xf nghiep
va khuynh hfldng tfl phat, vd ehfnh p h i trong toan xa hpi; mau thudn gifla khuynh hfldng tfch luy, md rdng khdng
cd gidi ban eia tfl ban vdi sQc mua ngay cang eo hep eia ngfldi lao dpng Cudc khing hoang kinh te' hidn nay dfldc ddnh gia la cudc khing hoang ldn nha't, nang n l nhit tren the' gidi trong hdn 60 nam qua k l tQ sau dai khing hoang kinh te' the' gidi nhQng nam 1929
1933, dflde met dau tfl khung hoang trong linh vfle tai chinh eia My vdi vide cac ngan hang thfldng mai cho vay mua nha "dfldi chuan" (tai san the chip cho cac khoan vay b i t ddng san khdng d i dam bao tra nd) vdi mdt quy md ldn Dieu nay xuit phat tfl viec Cue Dfl trfl Lien bang My (FED) da lien tilp giam lai suit lien ngan hang (tfl 6,5% xudng cdn 1,75%) nhim phuc hdi nen kinh te
My sau cupc suy thoai kinh te' nam
Trang 52001, theo dd, ldi suit cho vay c i a tin
dung thfl cip ciing giam xud'ng thap
Chfnh sach ndi long tien te da kich
thich ngfldi dan vay tiln mua nhd Cdn
cac ngan hang thfldng mai do chay theo
ldi nhuan da cho ngfldi dan vay mua
nha "dudi chuan" diy r i i ro vdi rapt quy
md ldn bdi dd dUde cac cdng ty tai chinh
va ngan hang dau tU, trong do dae biet
la hai cdng ty Fanie Mae va Freddie
Mac dfldc Chinh p h i My bao trd, "cap
vd'n" bing each raua lai cac khoan cho
vay cia eae ngan hang thUdng mai,
bid'n ehung thanh loai chflng tfl dfldc
bao dam bing cac khoan vay the' chip
de bin lai cho cac edng ty, cac ngan
hang diu tfl ldn khac nhU Bear
Stearms, Merrill Lynch Cac cdng ty
tai ehfnh, ngan hang diu tu nay lai
phat hanh trai phidu tren ed sd cac
chflng tQ cho vay the' chip do de ban
cho cac ngan hdng My khac va ngan
hang nhieu nUdc tren the' gidi lam tai
san tich trfl do uy tin c i a cac ngan
hang phat hanh
Viec "chQng khoan hda" cac khoan
vay t h i chip da vUdt khoi sfl kilm soat
cia nha nUdc Chudi hoat ddng kinh
doanh mang tinh chit dau cd da lam thi
trfldng nha d i t ndng Ien, gia nha dat hi
day ldn cao, trd thanh "bong bdng"
"Bong bong" nd la khdng t h i tranh
khdi(8) Cudc khing hoang thfle sfl nd
ra vdo ngay 7- 9 - 2009 vdi vide hai dai
gia cho vay the' chap cia My la Fannie
Mae va Freddie Mac bi qud'c hQu hda
Sau dd, lan lUdt Lehraan Brothers,
Washington Mutual tuyen bd' pha san
Merill Lynch bi Bank of America mua
lai, cdn AIG phai nhan hang ehuc ty
USD cflu trd tfl Chi'nh p h i My Nhfl
mpt hidu Qng Ddmind, sfl sup do eia
ngan hdng My keo theo sQ pha san eia
hang loat ngan hdng cac nfldc tren the gidi; khing hoang e i a kinh t l My da lan sang cac qud'c gia khac, gdy ra cupc khing hoang kinh te todn ciu hien nay Cudc khing hoang kinh t l toan cau
da va dang tao ra nhQng thach thQc khdng nhd trong viee thfle hien chflc ndng xa hdi eia nha nfldc Dieu nay dflde t h i hien tren mot sd' phfldng dien
cd ban sau;
ThU nhdt, dfldi tac dpng c i a cudc
khing hoang kinh t l nhflng Id hdng, bat cap trong he thd'ng chinh sdch va phap ludt e i a nha nfldc bde 16 ngay cang rd Nhilu ndi dung trong cac chfnh sach va phap luat, nhfl chfnh sach xda ddi giara ngheo, ehinh sach y t l , giao due, ludt diu tfl, ludt dat dai, luat bao hilm, luat bao ve mdi trUdng, v.v vQa thQa vfla thieu, ehdng cheo, ehfla phi hdp vdi tinh hinh thfle td' c i a ddi sdng
xa hpi, chdm dfldc s i a ddi, bd sung
ThU hai, khing hoang kinh te' lam
gia tang dp lflc doi v6i nhd nfldc trong viec quan ly xa hpi De ddl phd vdi nhflng tac ddng tieu cflc c i a cudc khing hoang, nhieu y tfldng, sang kiln hay cia eae e h i t h i trong xa hdi da xuit hien Mae du vay, tinh trang cac chi the ddl phd rapt each tieu cflc, vi pham cac quy pham phap ludt, thdm chf la cac quy tae, chuan raflc dao dflc cua xa hdi ngay cang nhieu, vdi nhiing t h i doan ngdy cang tinh vi, gay thidt hai ldn v l tai san, anh hUctng de'n qua trinh tai ed ciu va phat trien kinh te - xa hdi
ThU ba, tac ddng e i a cudc khing
hoang kinh te da lim bde Id nhieu han che ve cd ciu v i td chflc e i a bd may nha
(8) http://luatminhkhue.vn/pha-Ban/mot-so-phan-tich- ve-nguyen-nhan-va-hau-qua-cua-cuoc-khung-hoang-kinh-te-the-gioi-hien-nay.aspx
Trang 6nfldc Mac dfl da co nhieu nd lflc trong
viec xay diing bp may nha nUde, song
tinh trang ehdng cheo, edng kenh, kem
hieu qua vin la radt thach thfle 16n
trong viec thfle hien cac nhiem vu thupc
chflc ndng xa hpi cia nha nfldc
ThU tit, ehit lupng ngudn nhan lUc
tuy da cd nhieu cai thien, nhUng tren
thUe te', tinh trang mdt bp phan can bp,
cdng chfle yeu kem ea ve pham chit dao
dflc lin chuyen mdn nghiep vu, ehfla
dap flng dfldc ydu ciu c i a cdng vide
dang la mdt lflc can ldn ddl vdi viec
nang eao hieu qua hoat dpng e i a bd
may nha nfldc ta hien nay
ThU ndm, khing hoang kinh t l gay
nhieu kho khan cho viec tira kid'm cac
ngudn lflc thfle hien cdc nhiem vu thudc
chflc ndng xa hdi c i a nhd nfldc
Giai doan 2002 2007, Viet Nam
ludn dfldc coi radt trong nhQng diera
sang trong ban dd kinh td' todn eau vdi
td'c dd tdng tnidng binh quan dat 7,8%
Vdi vide gia nhap Td chQc ThQdng raai
Thi gidi (WTO) nam 2007, tde dp tang
trfldng GDP ldn tdi gan 8,5% Tuy
nhien, edn ldc khiing hoang kinh te' todn
cau da quet qua nfldc ta lam cho nen
kinh td' rcJi vao tinh trang suy giara Td'c
dp tang trfldng GDP quay diu di xud'ng:
Tfl 8.46% (2007), 6.31% (2008), 5.32 %
(2009), 6.78% (2010), 5.89% (2011),
5.03% (2012), dac biet trong 6 thang diu
ndm 2013 giam xud'ng tdi 4.90%
Vdi nhiing kho khdn ehdng chit nhfl
vay, day dfldc xem la bai toan khd khi
ehiing ta phai ddng thdi thfle hien muc
tidu khoi phue lai da tang trfldng va
phai dam bao sfl phat triln hai hda, ben
vflng Tuy nhien, nlu nhin 5 phfldng
dien tieh cflc, ban than khing hoang
kinh t l ciing Id cd hdi dl chflng ta sdng
loe cac nhan to ylu kera can trd viec
thfle hidn chflc nang eia nha nfldc
3 Mot so' giai phap nang cao hieu qua thfle hien chfle n a n g xa hoi c i a n h a nfldc Viet Nam trong boi canh hien nay
Thli nhdt, tang cUdng sU lanh dgo cua Bdng Cdng sdn Viet Nam
TrUde het, ehung ta phai nang eao vai trd lanh dao c i a Dang trong vide the ehl hda quan diem, ehi trUdng, dUdng ldl thanh ehfnh sach vd phap luat c i a Nha nudc Ddng thdi, can phat huy vai trd tien phong, gUdng mau cua eae dang vien hoat ddng trong bd may nha nfldc, qua do ldi eud'n eae ca nhan, tap the trong bp may nhd nfldc eung nhfl nhan dan thfle hien dung mue tieu, dinh hfldng md Dang da d l ra Cac td chflc cd sd Dang phai neu cao tinh than doan kit, tu phe binh va phe binh nhdm nang cao sQc chie'n dau va ban linh eia dang vien trong bdl canh phQc tap hien nay
ThU hai, bd sung vd hodn thiin he thdng chinh sdch vd phdp lugt
He thd'ng chfnh sach va phap luat dQde xem la cdng cu khdng the thieu de quan ly xa hpi, nhat la trong bdi canh hien nay Do do, cin nhanh ehdng ra soat lai toan bd hd thdng quy phara phap luat
de kip thdi bd sung, cbeu chinh, kien quyet loai ra khdi he thd'ng phap ludt nhQng npi dung khdng edn phu hdp:
- Cin quan triet quan dilm toan dien khi xay dflng, bd sung, chinh sia he thdng phap luat, phai xem xet t i t ca eae mat, cac moi lien he vdi ddl tfldng
ma ludt dieu chinh Chi cd nhfl vay, mdi
ed t h i tranh dUdc tinh trang chdng cheo gifla eae quy pham phap luat, khdng bo sdt nhiing van dl thupc pham vi dilu ehinh cia luat phap
- Can cd quan dilm phat trien khi bd
Trang 7sung vd xay dflng nhflng quy pham
phap ludt mdi Co nghia la ein dat ddl
tQdng ma luat dilu chinh trong sfl van
dpng, phat trien khdng ngiftig Dilu do
gdp phin khie phuc tinh trang ludt vfla
mdi ra ddi da lac hau, xa rdi thfle te'
cupc sd'ng
- D I vide xay dflng, bd sung vd dilu
ehinh he thdng ludt cin nghien cQu vd
ke' thQa kinh nghiem eia cac nUdc tien
tid'n tren the' gidi, dam bao sfl tfldng
thfch gifla he thd'ng ludt phap eia nUdc
ta vdi thdng le va phap luat qud'c te'
ThU ha, xdy dUng tinh chuyen nghiep
cua ddi ngU cdng chUc
Dpi ngu cdng chflc dfldc xera la ye'u td'
quyet dinh vide nang eao hieu qua thfle
hien chflc ndng xa hdi eia Nha nUdc Vi
vay, xay dflng tfnh chuyen nghiep cia
dpi ngu cdng chflc dfldc xem la khau dot
pha nham tao sfl chuyen bie'n nhanh va
hieu qua trong vide xay dflng bd may
nha nUdc hien nay, theo chung tdi: Cin
ddi mdi cdng tae tuyen dung can bd,
cdng chflc, can phai dam bao edng khai
minh bach, sU binh ddng gifla cac ca
nhan tham gia khi thi va xet tuyen,
xem day la khau ed ban Chi co nhU
vay, mdi sang lpe dUdc nhflng ngudi cd
d i pham chat dao die, nang lUc chuyen
mdn nghiep vu; bd' trf, sip xep cdng viec
phu hdp vdi nang lflc chuyen mdn cia
can bd cdng chQc, tao lap mdi trUdng
lam viec thuan ldi va cd hpi hpc tap
binh dang Cac ehl dp dai ngd phai
tUdng xQng vdi ket qua dong gop trong
cong viec cia tiing ca nhan; phai ed ke'
hoach kiem tra dinh ky ve nang lflc
chuydn mdn nghiep vu, lay dd ldm cd sd
de danh gia can bp cdng chflc, ddng thdi
kien quyet loai ra khoi bp may nhflng
ea nhan tha hda v l dao dflc, ye'u kera ve
chuyen radn; diy raanh vide tinh gian
bien ehl, dam bao bd may tinh gpn va hoat dpng hidu qua ,
Thi^tU, hodn thien cdng tdc kiim tra, gidm sdt, phdng ehd'ng tham nhung, ldng phi Cu the:
Mdt Id, chung ta cin nang cao nhdn
thQc eia he thong ehfnh tri va todn dan
vl nhQng nguyen nhan va tae hai e i ^ tham nhung Tfl dd, xay dflng quyet tam ehinh tri eao trong cudc dau tranh phdng ehd'ng thara nhung k i t hdp chat che vdi viec tuyen truyin, thfle hien eudc van dpng hpc tap va lara theo tim gQdng dao dflc Hd Chi Minh n h i m hinh thanh cac chuin mflc dao dflc cdng vu dung din
Hai la, khic phue nhflng rdo can
trong qua trinh thQc thi phap luat, trflde hit la phap luat vl phdng chdng tham nhung, luat phdng, ehd'ng tham nhiing phai dfldc thfle hien mot each hieu qua Ddng thdi, thfle hien ddng bd he thdng luat phap hdn quan den phdng, ehd'ng tham nhung nhU Luat Thfle hdnh tilt kiem, Luat Thanh tra, Luat Kiem toan, Quy che'dan e h i cd scf
Ba la, day nhanh hdn nfla vide hoan
thien va thfle hien rapt each nghiem ehinh quy che' ke khai tai san eia can
bd, cdng chflc Mat khae, can cai each
he thd'ng tien Ifldng, tien thudng vd dai ngo vat chat, tinh than ddi v6i can bd, cdng chflc
Bd'n la, cin xdy dflng t h i chi kilm
soat quyen lflc trong bp may cia Dang
vd Nha nfldc, dam baa quyln lflc phai dfldc kiem ehd' bing ehfnh quyln Ddng thdi, diy manh hdn nfla cai each bd mdy nha nUdc nhim nang eao ndng lflc
va hidu qua quan ly, han c h i de'n mQc thip n h i t cd hpi lam nay sinh tham nhiing Cin tang cQdng va ndng cao ehit Ifldng thanh tra, kiem tra, giam
Trang 8sat vd x i ly nghidm minh cac vu tham
nhung, trUde h i t la nhiing vu tham
nhiing dang gdy bflc xuc trong dfl luan
xa hdi hidn nay D I lara dfldc dieu nay,
cin cd ed ehe' dam bao cac hoat dpng
giam sat cua ngudi dan, cua cac td chfle
dodn the va phfldng tien thdng tin dai
chflng trong diu tranh phdng, ehd'ng
tham nhiing Ben canh do, cin nang cao
trinh dd hieu biet, y thfle trach nhiem
va tinh thin tfl giac eua nhan ddn trong
vide lara lanh raanh hda, trong sach hda
ddi ngu can bd, dang vien, eung nhu
ban hdnh nhflng quy dinh, ed che bao
vd ngQdi dan trong cupc diu tranh nay
Thi^ ndm, day mgnh xd hdi hda cdc
nguon lUc cho viec thUe hien cdc nhiim
uu eua chUe ndng xd hdi
Trong bdi canh khd khdn do nhiing
tae dpng c i a cudc khing hoang kinh te
todn ciu gay ra, vide thfle hien chfle
nang xa hpi cia nha nfldc khdng ehi
trong chd vdo ngudn ngan sach nha
nfldc, ma cdn can phat huy tdi da mpi
ngudn lflc eia dat nfldc tham gia thfle
hien nhidm vu ndy Dl cdng tac nay dat
hieu qua, cin hUdng vao nhiing van d l
trpng tam; Bd sung va hoan thien cac
chfnh sach lien quan de'n xa hdi hda cac
ngudn lflc, tao radi trUdng thuan ldi
nhim thu hut cac ea nhan, td (jhfle
chfnh tri, xa hpi va cac thdnh phin
kinh tl Trflde hit, cin tap trung vio
cac vin de eo tfnh cap thiet hien nay
nhfl giai quylt vide lara, xda ddi giam
ngheo, bao ve mdi trfldng, chdm lo cho
cac gia dinh chinh sach, cho cac bp phan
yeu the'trong xa hpi, tang cfldng giam
sat viec s i dung cac ngudn lflc tfl xa hpi
hoa, dam bao s i dung cd hieu qua, dung
mue dich, dung ddl tfldng; tuyen dfldng,
khen thfldng kip thdi nhiing ea nhan,
tap the ed nhieu ddng gdp
Thli sdu, ma rdng giao lUu hop tdc qud'c te
Ben canh nhflng mat tieu cite cia
cupc khing hoang kinh te' toan eiu, xu
t h i hdi nhap qud'c te dang tao ra nhiing
ca hgi trong viec tim kiem eae ngudn lflc
tfl ben ngoai phuc vu cho muc tieu ddi mdi dat nfldc trong giai doan hidn nay Hpi nhdp qud'c td' tao mdi trUdng giao lUu, hpc hdi kinh nghiem vdi eae qud'c gia tren the' gidi, nhit la eae qud'e gia phat triln trong viec thiic hien cac nhiem vu thudc chflc nang xa hpi cia nha nfldc Thdng qua chfldng trinh lien ket dao tao vdi eae nudc tren thd' gidi, se gdp phin nang cao chat lfldng ngudn nhan lUc cho bp may nha nUde, s i dung
CO hidu qua kinh nghiem cia cac chuyen gia, cac nha hoach dinh chfnh sach, eae nha khoa hpc, tan dung dUdc
ea ba ngudn lUc: Tdi nguyen, vd'n va khoa hpc - cdng nghd
Tdm lai, thfle hien tdt chflc nang xa hpi eia nha nfldc dfldc xem Id mdt trong nhflng tieu chf quan trpng de danh gia
ve sfl tie'n bp cia nhd nfldc Day cung chinh la raue tieu ma dit nUde ta dang hudng tdi trong vide xay dflng Nhi nfldc phap quyln xa hdi chi nghia eia nhan dan, do nhan dan, vi nhan dan Mae du, trong bdl canh hien nay, vide thfle hien cac nhiem vu thudc chflc ndng xa hdi cia nha nfldc dang ddl dien vdi nhieu thach thfle do khing hoang kinh t l tao
ra, song nguyen tdc xuyen sudt la phai kien dinh mue tieu da dat ra Bdi vliy, chiing ta can phat huy dfldc sflc manh cia khol dai doan kit dan tpc, biln nhflng thach thQc thanh nhiing cd hpi, tao bQdc chuyin manh me nhim thfle hien tdt chfle nang xa hdi eua Nhd nfldc, mang lai cupc sdng am no, hanh phuc
cho nhan dan Q