Id Tapah bac cao nhat trong pham hdm ehflc s^c Bdlamdn, la nhflng tu si dat de'n trinh dp thodt tue vd hpi du cae dieu kien kh^t khe nhSit de dfldc tdn ehflc, ndn cb uy tin ve hoat ddng
Trang 1NITHL/C TRANG TIN NGL/ONG, TON GIAO CUA NGl/dl CHAM HIEN NAY
CJ HAI TINH NINH THUAN VA BJNH THUAN
MA DIEN C\S*
1 THI/C TRANG TIN N G I J O N G , TON
GIAO CUA N G U C J I CHAM
1.1 Doi n e t v e tin ngvStng, t o n giao
c u a ngU!<A Ch£un
Ngfldi Cham hai tinh Ninh Thudn va
Binh Thuan hien nay cb ba dac diem tdn
gido, tin ngfldng rieng biet la Bdlambn
gido, Hoi giao Bdni va Hoi giao Islam
chinh thdng Ba ddc diem ton giao, tin
ngfldng nay deu eb sfl khdc biet nhau, tao
thdnh ba nhbm ngfldi Chdm d ndi day, vd
sfl khde biet db the hien d mdt so diem
ehinh sau:
- Ve quan niem: ngfldi Cham Bdlamdn
quan niem ve t h a n tfl nhidn, than to ciia
xfl sd (nhfl t h a n Pb Infl Nflgar, than me eae
xfl sd - the hien sfl thd Mdu), nhdn than
tflc cae vi anh hung ngfldi Cham (vua,
hodng hdu ), than ban tho (than Idng, tho
dia, bdp Ifla ), td tidn vd than hp menh;
ngfldi Chdm Bdni quan niem ve thdnh
Allah Cling Mdhamed id sfl gia cua thdnh,
ve cdc vi vua vd hodng hau oia tde ngfldi
Chdm, ve eae thdn tfl nhidn; ngfldi Chdm
Islam ehinh thd'ng ehi quan nidm vd thdnh
Allah vd Mdhamed Id sfl gia eiia thdnh
khbng quan niem ve eae than tfl nhien
- Ve ndi sinh hoat tdn gido: Vdi ngfldi Cham Bdlambn, noi sinh hoat tdn giao cua cdng d6ng la den, thdp; ebn ngfldi Cham Bdni la chiia hode thdnh dfldng, cung cb the ggi la thanh chda; ngfldi Cham Islam ehinh thd'ng sinh hoat tdn giao ehi d thanh dfldng
- Ddi vdi dpi ngu chfle sac tbn giao: ngfldi
Chdm Bdlambn eb Nhdm cd sfl; ngudi Chdm Bdni cb Hpi dong sU cd; ngfldi Cham Islam eb Ban Hakem hay cbn ggi la Ban
qudn tri thdnh diidng Cb the khai qudt cde
chflc pham hdm eua ba tdn giao nhfl sau: + Dgi ngu chfle sac dao Bdlamdn dflpc
ggi la Pasih, ciiia ra t h a n h bd'n tang ldp
hay bdn bae pham ham: (i) Ca'p tha'p nhat
la Dungkok (nhflng ngfldi Cham mdi nhap
vao hang ngu ehflc sde dao Balambn vd bat dau tap hpe eae gido luat, giao ly cua dao
Balmdn, dflpc phb'i hpp vdi thay Pdsah - Ca
sfl trong viec h a n h 16; hp khbng phai cat
tbc trpc dau); (ii) Ca'p thfl hai Id Lyah (phong tfl Bujig/iok khi da hpi dii cac dieu
kien de phong ehflc ndy); (iii) Cap thfl ba
la Puah (phong tfl Lyah len, khi dd hbi du cae dieu kien phong chfle); (iv) Cap thfl hi
Trang 2Id Tapah (bac cao nhat trong pham hdm
ehflc s^c Bdlamdn, la nhflng tu si dat de'n
trinh dp thodt tue vd hpi du cae dieu kien
kh^t khe nhSit de dfldc tdn ehflc, ndn cb uy
tin ve hoat ddng tdn gido va khi tham gia
gidi quydt cdc mau thuSn d cgng dong;
Cling hdng vdi Tapah nhflng qua each tdn
ehflc lai chia ra thdnh ede danh chflc khdc
nhau: dflng dau Id Pdsah, gpi Id Ca sfl; roi
de'n ba phb Ca sfl dfldc gpi ehung Id Popai,
theo lan Iflpt Id Tapah/tatat, Tapahkada,
Tapah/tadoi; Chflc ndng vd nhidm vu ciia
ba loai Popai ndy diu nhfl nhau, nhifiig Idii
xet ehpn de tdn Pdsah thi phai chpn
Tapah/tadoi trfldc, nd'u khbng di/pe mdi
den Tapahkada vd cud'i ciing Id
Tapah/iotat; ede thay Pasih gpi Ca sfl Id
Gru, thay Ca sfl ggi hp theo ehflc vi kdm
theo tdn; thdng thudng, tai mdi khu vflc
cua dao Bdlamdn ddu cb nhbm Ca sfl, gdm
Cd sfl vd hai hode ba phb Ca sfl)
Trong dao Bdlamdn, cde tu si dupc ddo
tao theo cha truyen con ndi trong Idiubn
kho dbng hg mlu he, nhflng de dflpc phong
ehflc, cdc tn si ndy phdi tuan thu nhflng
quy dinh khdt khe ciia gido luat, gido ly
Ngodi den, thdp Id nhflng noi thUc hdnh le,
vi$e truyen day gido Iy va gido luat dflpc
tid'n hdnh qua cdc nghi le va hgc hbi d Ca
sfl vd phb Ca sfl vdo thfl 2 hdng tuan Cde
Ca sfl vd phb Ca sfl deu cb saeh kinh thanh
de ldm le ghi bdng chfl Chdm eo, mdi buoi
1§ cb sdch hfldng ddn rieng Cdc loai sdch
ndy dflgc ede thay Tapah nit ra tfl cdc bp
idnh thdnh ldn liftj truydn trong dao
Balamdn
+ Dgi ngu chfle sdc dao Bdni ggi chung
Id thay Cfiar vd cung cb bdn cap bac ehflc
danh nhfl dao Bdlamdn: (i) Ca'p Char hay
nhSt (nhflng r^udi mdi nhap dao vao hang
tu si; theo thdi gian vd khd ndng ldm vide
md Char lai chia bdn cdp nho Id Char
J&mak, Char Talavi, Char Posit va Char Pd/irong; cap Char nd'u nkm trong Ban trflc
thdnh chiia thi gpi Id Muzinh; cEip Char d
dao Bdni phai cao trge dau de piidn bidt
vdi cae tin do Bdni; (ii) Cap Khotip hay Tip
(nhflng ngfldi thao ve gido ludt vd nghi thflc hdnh le, cb nhiem vu thflc hidn cdc nghi le vao trfla thfl 6 hdng tuan tai thanh chua, k l ea Id tai cdc gia dinh tin do; cd'p
Tip cung cb ngfldi nkm trong Ban trflc
thdnh chda, ggi la Tiptanh); (iii) Cap
ImUm, cbn gpi Id Imdm hay Mdm (la ngflbi
trflc tid'p dieu h a n h ede buoi Id vdo trfla thd
6 hdng tuan tai t h a n h chua, nen phai thao ldnh Coran vd cb kha ndng thflc hien mgi nghi Id ciia dao Bdni; Id ngfldi cb ndng ldc
vd dao dfle td't, cb kinh te' khd gia nham dflpc eac chflc s^c Bdni trong khu vflc bau ehpn ldm Id ra m^t 40 vi thdnh eua dao
Bdni de edng n h a n Id i^idm 40 hay MUm
40, tflc Mdm Pakpluh Pakpluh Id 40, tflOng dflong vdi danh ehflc Popai- pho Ca
sfl ben Bdlambn; ngfldi d cap Mam 40 nd'u tham gia trong Ban trfle thanh chiia thi ggi
Id Imdmtanh hay Mitmtanh); (iv) Cd'p cao
Id Chargrd hay Pdgrii, Id thay Sfl ca dao
Bdni, chflc cao n h a t vd Id duy nhat d mdi thdnh ehua Bdni, tflong dfldng vdi chflc
Pdsah- Ca sfl of Bdlamdn, cb quyin quyet
dinh ngdy, thang to ehflc Id eho cdc cd nhdn, gia dinh vd d thdnh ehua Ngodi ra,
cbn chfle Haji Id ngudi trong tang ldp tu si
dao Bdni da tflng dd'n thdnh dia Mecca b Ardp Xe-ut Tuy nhidn, cho dd'n nay liau nhfl chfla eb ngudi Chdm Bdni deri dUpc thanh dia Mecca nen chfla cb ai d c^p
Trang 3Gidng n h u dao Bdlamdn, tang ldp tu si
dao Bdni dflpc hinh thdnh theo tgip qudn
the tdp nhung lai theo dang cfl tuyin cua
mdi dbng hg mau hd, nd'u dbng hp chfla eb
ngfldi hode ngudi db da tren 70 tuli Nhfl
vay, mdi dbng hp Cham Bdni deu phai eb
mpt ngudi tu si, dbng hg ddng due gia dinh
thdnh vien eb the cd hai ngfldi Qua day
cho tha'y, sd Iflpng tu si dao Bdni d mdi
thdnh chiia tflong flng vdi sd dbng hp
Chdm Bani trong thdn hoae vdi thbn cung
sinh hoat tdn gido d t h a n h chua db, trong
khi moi thdn Chdm Bdni thfldng eb tfl 12
hg trd ldn
+ Ddi vdi Chdm Islam chinh thd'ng, do
cung Hoi gido nen dgi ngu chflc s^e tdn
gido cb nhiiu d i l m tfldng d i n g vdi Chdm
Bdni v l cap bdc darih ehflc vd each t l chfle
thfldng trflc d mSi thdnh dfldng cung nhfl
cdch t l chflc Udn kd't gifla cde thanh dfldng
vd cdc cdng dong dao Islam T i ^ nhidn, sd'
Iflpng chflc sac tdn giao cua Chdm Islam
chi phu thupc vdo so' Iflpng thdnh dfldng
md khdng phu thupc vdo so' dbng hp Chdm
Islam tai cac khu dan cfl ciing sinh hoat
tdn gido d eung thdnh dfldng, bdi vay, sd
chfle s i c eiia hg trong m5i thdn ehung
thdnh dfldng it hdn nhiiu so vdi chflc skc
dao Bdni Song, sd' Iflpng thdnh dfldng d
ngfldi Chdm Islam lai ra't ldn, bao gdm hai
loai Id t h a n h dfldng nho vd thanh dfldng
ldn Trong db, thdnh dfldng nho, cbn ggi Id
tiiu thdnh dfldng, cb it nhat ba ngfldi trflc
vd nhiiu n h ^ t Id ndm ngudi; cbn thdnh
dudng ldn phdi c6 It nhat hay vd nhieu Id
chin vi chflc s^c nen ggi Id Ban lanh dao
vdi ten ggi Hakem d Ninh T h u ^
Ne'u so sdnh vdi Chdm Bdlamdn vd
Bdni, cdc chflc sic tdn gido Islam dflgc ddo
cdc trfldng ldp gido ly gido ludt & nflde ngodi Dae biet, trong co eau to chflc ehflc
sde Islam b mdi thanh dfldng deu cb rieng
mdt vi chfle sac ehuyen day gido ly cho ede
tin do, gpi Id Tudn Tudn cb ea nam gidi va nfl gidi Cae Tudn nfl phu trdch day gido Iy
eho tin do nfl trong gido phai eua minh Cac tin do dii eb hay khdng eb nguyen vpng trd t h a n h tu si diu dflpc ddo tao vd hpe giao ly rihu nhau Sau khi tiep thu cac gido
ly do Tudn trong thdnh dfldng giang day,
nhiJng tin do Islam eb khd ndng va nguydn vpng se dflpc gfli di dao tao tai cac trfldng hoc Hoi giao tren the' gidi
- Rieng dpi ngu chflc s i c tin ngudng, den nay, Cham Bdlamdn vd Bdni van duy tri ede ehflc sac tin ngudng ddn gian, cu the nhfl sau:
+ Thdy Cb/ie (Kadhar): Chflc ndy thfldng gan vdi cay ddn nhi {/tanhi) cua
ngfldi Cham vd eay gflom trong Id dam
trdu, gom hai bdc Id Kadhar va Kadhar
Grii (tflc thay ea Coke) 6 n g thdy ca ndy
thfldng eb 3 - 4 hgc trb theo hoe Hien nay,
d Ninh Thuan eb bdn thay ca Cbke d bdn khu vflc ehinh, g6m 3 thdp vd den ldn (Pdrdme, Pd Klong Grai, Pdnflga) vd Idiu vflc Pdbin d thbn Binh Nghia (Phflong Hai, Ninh Phfldc) Hp tham gia cdc nghi Id cpng dong theo khu vflc dflpc phdn edng dfldi sfl dieu k h i l n eua Cd sfl hode dflpc Ca sfl uy nhidm dfldi dang phan quyln Cac thdy ca Cbke deu cd sdch chi ddn ve thfl tfl hdnh
Id, v l cdc l l vdt va nghi thfle mua phu hoa
md bd Bong dam trach Loai thdy ndy dflpc truyin theo thd' tdp cua dbng hp
+ Bd Bong {Muk pajau): Trong cde nghi
le do thdy Cbke dflng ra ldm Id phai eb bd Bbng d l miia, do db, mdi khu vflc cb mpt
Trang 4dflng ra to chflc cac Id dam trau ciia edng
ding thdn hode eiia eae tfl gia ben Chdm
Bdlamdn Thay Coke, bd Bbng cW eo d
Chdm Balamdn nen mdt so I§ ddn gian cua
Cham Bdni phai mdi nhflng ngfldi nay dd'n
le cf phan dau eho nghi le
+ Thay vo (On ddi): Ld thdy vd trd'ng
ParaniCng trong cde cube 1§ Rija cua cpng
ding thdn Bdi vay, moi thdn Chdm
Bdlambn cb mdt thay Ca vS {0 dul GriX) vd
vdi hoc trb Cdc cube l l ciia thdy vd chi
trong pham vi thdn, dbng hp, gia dinh,
+ Thay Bbng {On ing hay Kaing): Thdy
Bbng miia phu hoa eho thdy Vo khi ll, do
db, thay Bbng ludn di theo thay V5 moi khi
cb 11 Cdc 11 do thay Vo vd thdy Bbng ldm
thudng gidi han trong pham vi cpng dong
thdn, dbng hp, gia dinh Tuy nhidn, sd
lupng thdy Bbng khdng nhieu, hien nay cd
hai nhbm Chdm Bdlamdn vd Bdni, vdi
thdn mdi cb mdt ngUdi ldm, bdi vi thay
Bbng khbng phai phan theo khu vUc vd
vide tin ngUdng md phu thude vdo khd
ndng uy tin cua ngfldi dflpc tdn danh
+ Ong Hdng: Ngudi ehuyen ldm dd md
trong cdc ddm tang ciia ngUdi Chdm
Bdlamdn, vd Id ngudi dan dudng, eho ud'ng
nUdc trong ddm tang Moi dng Hang Gru
{Hdng cd) cb vdi hge trb vd nhflng ngudi
ndy huge phdi theo ddng hp
+ Ong Chdmnay: 6 n g ndy cb d ca ngudi
Chdm Bdlamdn vd ngudi Chdm Bdni
nhflhg diu do edng dong phong vdi edng
viec ehinh Id gin gifl, thd eiing trang phue
than tai noi cat giO^ trdng coi den vd lo
mpt sd' le trong cdc nghi le dflpc to chflc tai
cdc din, thdp Hp cung cb t h l nhdy miia
phu hoa theo ngiu thfle l l khi c6 l l ciing tai
coi Ngdy thfldng, dng ta chi ldm nhiem vu gin gifl, giat giu, phcti phbng trang phuc thdn; ke ca vide dflng r a ldm ehu Id t ^ tfldng eho cde tflpng thd vd mdc y phue len eae tfldng db
Ngodi cdc ehflc sac tin ngudng trdn, cbn
eb cdc chflc danh nhfl ong Tong, tflc ngudi danh trd'ng Gindng; dng 6n du la nguM thoi ken Sanranai; va dng Chiing chuydn
ddnh chieng
1.2 Thi^c t r a n g t i n ngit&ng, t o n giao
t i n ngti&ng ciia ngii&i Ch^im + Qua bdn Thdng kd so" heu v l dao Bdlamdn ngdy 26/11/2007 eua Ban Ton gido t3nh Ninh Thuan, tinh ndy cb 12 efl sd thd tfl, nhuhg cM ba khu vflc ldn va m&i Ithu vflc eb mdt Ca sfl; cu t h l Id ca tinh cb:
ba Ca sfl, tdm phd Ca sfl vd 30 Pasih Cbn
d Binh T h u ^ , theo Danh sdeh ehflc sdc tdn giao, gid Idng, trfldng ban ddn tdc thiiu
sd ndm 2007 eua Ban Ddn tge tanh Binh Thudn, cb 11 vi Cd sfl vd phb C^ sfl vd 17
vi Pasih, trong db d xa Phan Higp huygn
Bae Binh eb ba vi Ca sfl vd phb Ca sfl v6i
sdu vi Pasih Tuy nhidn, theo Bdo eao tong
hpp so Udu dan tdc thieu so, tin d l ede tdn gido ngdy 30/5/2009 cua Uy ban Mat trdn
To qude xa P h a n Hidp (Bde Binh, Binh Thudn), ridng dao Bdlamdn xd ndy cb ba
Ca sfl, 13 vi Pasih
+ Ddi vdi dao Bdni, tai tinh Ninh Thudn
nam 2009 cb bdy t h a n h chiia Bdni thi cb it nhdt bay Su cd vd trdn 150 tu si dao Bdni Cbn tinh Binh Thuan, theo Danh sdch ehflc sac tdn gido, gid Idng, trfldng ban ddn tde thiiu stf ndm 2007 cua Ban Ddn t^c tinh Binh Thuan, rieng Chdm Bdni eb 14
Trang 5Mdm 40, 15 thdy Mdmtanh, 32 thay Mdm
vh 125 thay Char Cung theo Ban Dan toe
<5nh Binh Thudn, de'n ndm 2009, tinh cb
10 t h a n h chiia Bdni trong 10 thdn ndn sd'
Su ca dang hoat dgng Id 11 vi vd hon 300
tu si cdc clip bac danh chflc khdc nhau^
+ Rieng chflc sdc tin ngfldng dan gian
ciia ngfldi Chdm, theo ban Thd'ng ke so hdu
v l dao Bdlambn ngdy 26/11/2007 ciia Ban
Tdn giao tinh Ninh Thudn cho thay, dao
Bdlamdn toan tinh eb bay thdy Cik.e, hai
Bd bbng va 20 thdy Vo Tai tinh Binh
Thudn, theo Danh sdch chfle sde tbn giao,
gid Idng, trfldng ban dan tgc thieu sd ndm
2007 cua Ban Dan tgc tinh Binh Thuan,
tinh nay cb tong cgng Id 39 thdy, trong db
cb 12 thdy Cbke, 19 thdy Vo, tdm thdy vd
ba Bbng Ridng xa P h a n Hiep, theo Danh
sdeh chflc sdc dao Bdlamdn dd'n 30/5/2009
eua Uy ban Mdt t r a n To qud'c xa, xa ndy cb
bd'n thdy Cbke, ba thdy Vd vd ba thdy
Bbng Cae trfldng hdp khae nhfl thdy
Hdng, thay Ch&may eung nhfl cde nghe
nhan nhac cu, de'n ndm 2009 vdn cbn tdn
tai vdi sd' Ifldng it nhieu tuy theo tiing dia
phfldng nhiftig do lanh dao xd vd thdn xfla
nay khbng ldm thd'ng ke sd' Ueu nen chfla
cb con sd' cu t h l
- So' Ueu eae tin do va chflc sde tinh de'n
thang 7 ndm 2014 nhu sau:
+ Ddi vdi dao Bdlambn, theo bdo cdo
cua Tinh iiy Ninh Thudn vdo thang
7/2014, todn tinh cb 15 den vd thdp vdi
47.111 tin do vd 267 chfle sdc trong 13 xa
cb dbng ngfldi Chdm oia lanh, trong db
ddng due Id d cdc xd PhUdc Hflu (9.702 tin
do vd 18 chfle sdc), Phfldc H^u (8.513 tin
do vd 17 chflc sdc), Phfldc Dan (8.358 tin
do vd 34 chflc sdc), Phfldc Thdi (7.620 tin
va 11 chflc sde), Phfldc Ninh (3.101 tin do
vd n a m chflc sac), Phudc Nam (2.103 tin
do vd bay ehflc sac), Thanh Hai (1.655 tin
do vd bd'n chflc sac) Tai tinh Binh Thuan, theo bao cao oia 'Knh uy vdo
t h a n g 7/2014, toan tinh eb 18 d i n vd thap Chdm vdi 18,162 tin do dao Bdlambn vd
80 chfle sac; trong db, rieng huyen Bac Binh c6 hai d i n Thap vdi 8.296 tin do vd
36 chflc sac, huyen Tuy Phong cb 1.212 tin
do vdi 24 chfle sac
+ Rieng dao Bani, theo bao cdo ciia Tlnh iiy Ninh Thuan, toan tinh eb bay thanh chiia vdi 24.917 tin do vd 119 chflc sdc, trong db, phan bd' cf cac xa nhfl Phfldc Nam (mdt chua vdi 7.572 tin do vd 19 chfle sac), Xuan Hai (hai chua vdi 7.487 tin do
vd 32 chflc sac), Phfldc Hai (1 ehua vdi 4.153 tin do vd 15 chflc sdc), Nhon Son (mbt chiia vdi 2.921 tin do va 24 chflc sac)
An Hai (mgt chua vdi 1.716 tin do vd 12 chfle sde), Phfldc Thudn (mbt ehiia vdi 1.606 tin do vd 17 chflc sdc)
+ Ve dao Islam chinh thdng, theo bdo cdo ciia Tinh iiy Ninh Thuan vdo thdng 7/2014, toan tinh hidn eb bb'n thdnh dudng vdi 2.111 tin do, t r o i ^ db phan bd d cdc xa: Phfldc Nam (hai t h a n h dfldng vdi 1.392 tin do), Xuan Hai (hai thanh dfldng vdi 811 tin do), Phfldc Thuan (11 tin do), Phfldc Ninh cb n a m tin do vd mgt tin do
6 xa Phfldc HflU Tai tinh Binh Thudn, theo bao eao eiia "nnh uy Binh Thuan vao thdng 7/2014, todn tinh ehi eb 62 tin do ngfldi Chdm Islam, trong db huydn Bae Binh ehua dupe edng nhan, ebn huydn Tuy Phong cb mbt tin do
Tfl khi Doi mdi dat nUde, dUdi tae dbng tich cue eua cdc chinh sach ddc thii ciia
Trang 6eae di tich tdn gido, tin ngfldng Cham ludn
dflpc cac cdp, cdc nganh quan tdm va tao
dieu kidn de tu sfla; cac boat ddng tbn giao,
tin ngudng cua dao Bdlamdn, Hoi gido
Bdni va Islam cung nhfl viec to chflc cdc Id
hdi tdn gido hdng nam dflpc tid'n hanh deu
ddn, thdm ciu dflpc khdi phuc d nhitag npi
da bi mai mdt vdi muc dich bao ton vd
phdt huy cde gid tri vdn hba Cham
2 CAC YEU T d TAC D O N G D E N DOT
NGU CHtfC SAC T 6 N GIAO CUA
NGl/Cft CHAM
2.1 K h a i q u a t v e v a i t r o c u a dpi n g u
chu!c s a c t o n g i a o C h a m doi vdi sijf o n
d i n h x a h p i v a p h a t t r i e n l d n h tfe' <S
viing d o n g b a o C h a m
Cho den nay, dpi ngu chflc sac vd t l ehflc
tdn gido, tin ngudng cua ngfldi Chdm d
Ninh Thuan vd Binh Thuan van luon dbng
vai trb dde bidt trong cdng dong ngUdi
Chdm, cb nhflng anh hfldng sau sac d i n
mpi ngudi dan Ciidm noi day Nhieu ehflc
sde tdn gido Chdm vdi uy tin cua minh cung
nhfl sfl £im iiieu ve phong tuc tap qudn vd
cdc gido ludt tdn gido Chdm da c6 nhC&ig
dbng gbp nhat dinh dd'i vdi su phd'i ket hpp
vdi chinh quyln xa, cdc hdi vd doan the d
thdn Idng trong vide van dpng ngudi Chdm
thflc hidn cdc chu trflOng, ciiinh sdch eua
Dang vd phdp luat ciia Nha nfldc, dam bao
"sd'ng td't ddi dep dao"
Cdc chfle sdc tdn gido Chdm cbn dbng
vai trb quan trpng trong quan ly xa hdi d
CO sd, gbp phan dam bao an ninh trong
vung Vdi mdi tdn gido Chdm hien nay, cdc
chflc sdc ludn eb md'i Udn he vdi nhau, ddc
bidt Id Udn he vdi cde tin do cua minh d
hinh thflc eho phdp 6 nhieu dia phuor^ ngfldi Cham, trong thdnh phan Ban hoa giai eua thbn Idng deu co cau mdt chflc s^c tdn gido Chdm cb uy tin, ciing eb ncri co cdu vdo Mdt trdn ciia thdn
Hidn nay, ddi ngu chflc sdc tdn gido Chdm ebn dbng vai trb quan trpng trong gido due, phat trien dpi ngu tri thflc ngfliJi Cham tren eae Iinh vflc Cu t h l , ddi vbi linh vflc ke' thfla ede dac diem tdn gido va phong tue tap quan tpe ngfldi, dpi ngu chu'c sac tdn gido Cham cb cdng dao tao cac hoc trb de kd' nhidm minh, giiip ich cho viec bao ton ede gid tri van hod Chdm Cdng Iao bao ton va phat huy cdc gid tri vdn hod tgc ngfldi Cham, bat ke van hod co truyen hay vdn hod tdn giao ciia cdc chflc sde tdn gido Chdm Id rat to ldn, t h l hidn dflpc trdch nhidm vd vai trb ehii t h l vdn hod trong vide tfl gin gifl cdc dde diem vdn hod ciia tdc ngfldi minh
Rieng linh vflc nang cao dan tri, tuy theo tflng tdn giao Cham va phong trdo 6 titag dia phflong ma ddi ngu chflc sdc tdn giao Chdm cb nhttng can thiep trfle tie'p hay cili ddng vien, van dbng con em ngflcfi Cham tich cflc hoc hdnh Chang han, tai cdc thdn ngudi Chdm Bani vd Chdm Balambn & Ninh Thuan vd Binh Thudn, cae ca nhan ehflc sde tdn gido Cham rdt quan tdm van dgng mpi giao dan trong edng dong eho con em di hpe de tflng bflbc nang cao dan tri, tao ra dpi ngu tri thiic ngfldi Cham ngay thdm ddng dao Ho thudng thdng qua ede t l chflc tbn gido Balamdn vd Bdni d l gdy quy khuyd'n hgc, nham trg cap kip thdi vd khuyd'n Mch eon
em cac gido dan hgc gioi Bdi vdy, trong nhieu ndm gan day, ra't nhiiu ngfldi Chdm
Trang 7hoac Trung cd'p, mdc dii sau khi hpe xong,
mgt sd ngudi van trd ve que ldm ndng
nghidp do khdng tim dUpe vide lam Tuy
nhien, ehinh nhitag ngudi tri thflc trcf ve
dia phucfng nay da cb edng tao ra bfldc dot
phd ve phat trien kinh td' trong cdc thdn
Idng ngfldi Chdm ncfi day
2.2 C a c y e u t o tac d p n g d e n d^i n g u
chu!c s^c t o n gfiao C h a m
Thdi ky sau ndm 1975, vdi co che' bao
cap va ehu trflcmg xod bo cae dac diem tin
ngfldng, tdn gido vdi quan diem la md tin
di doan, da tde dpng khbng nho dd'n viec to
chfle cac nghi le eo truyin d ngfldi Chdm
nbi rieng, b cdc tde ngudi thieu sd nbi
chung Niiilu nghi l l dan gian Cham vi
thd' md bi mai mpt, eu t h l nhfl vide to chfle
cdc nghi l l ndng nghidp tai cac dap chdn
nfldc, mflong mdng, dong rudng, ke ca ciing
chfla bdnh
Trfldc tinh trang mai mdt van hod
Chdm ciing vdi sfl tdc ddng ciia dpi ngu tri
thflc khoa hge, trong db eb tri thfle ngfldi
Cham, gan day Dang vd Nha nflde dd eb
chinh sach khdi phuc lai mgt so Id hdi
Chdm vd tu sfla cdc co sd thd tfl cua hg
Tuy nhien, vide dan tri dflpc nang cao cbng
vdi ed chd' tiii trfldng vd kinh td' ndng hd da
ban c h i ldp tre ngfldi Chdm tham gia theo
hoc dao Balambn vd dao Bdni, vi the nguy
CO tiiieu ngflcfi ke' nhidm nhflng chflc sac
tdn gido Chdm dang ngdy edng gid yd'u di
Trong khi db, nhiiu chfle sdc dao Bdlambn
hien nay d mgt sd' dia phflcfng da khdng
edn hflng thu nhfl trfldc kia khi thflc hdnh
cde Id hbi mdi dfldc phuc dflng bdi vide to
chflc Id hdi hipn nay thfldng mang tinh
hinh thfle, tflc phan ldn theo chuong trinh
phai do chinh ngfldi dan Chdm dan dflng nhfl xfla kia nen da mdt di tinh thidng Dac bidt, ngudi ddn Cham hidn nay tham gia eae l l hpi mdi phue dung eiing khbng nhiet tanh nhu trudc day Bdi vg.y, d mot vdi noi, nhbm Chdm Balambn da phai nhudng eho cho su ldi keo ciia dao Tin ldnh
va Cdng giao, do nhflng dao ndy cb ve phd hpp hpn vdi su phat trien ngay cdng cao eiia dan tri vd tam ly ldp tre
Dd'i vdi cdc nhbm Cham Hii gido, nhd't
Id Chdm Islam thi ngflpc lai Nghidn ciiU cho thay, khi dan tri cang eao, cde chflc sde tdn gido Islam cdng tfl hodn thidn vd edng
cb efl hgi gdn kd't eac tin do eua minh vdi thanh Allah vd gido luat, ndn ddi ngu chflc sac cang cb uy tin Hien nay, dbi ngu ndy gdn kd't eac tin do Islam khbng chi qua sinh hoat tbn giao d thdnh dfldng md cbn
d viec hge hdnh eiia eon em trong cdng
dong, b vide quan ly dan cfl tren eac Iinh
vflc an ninh, thue iiidn ehinh sach Nhd nflde, trfl giup phat trien kinh te Ddi vdi dao Balamdn vd tin ngfldng cf dao Bani, vide tra cdng cac thdy chflc sdc sau khi hanh le xong khbng theo mgt quy dinh nao, thfldng theo dieu kidn ciia tflng nghi le d cgng dong hay trong mdi gia dinh Ne'u la nghi le gia dinh thi cung tuy thudc hodn cdnh titag nha Cb t h l la qudn
do, tiln, trdu hoac ciia cai khae d l tra cdng lao eho cac thay da dd'n lam ll Dilu
db Id phai eb, song cac thay cung xem xet hodn canh gia dinh cb l l ma nhan todn bd, mdt phdn hode khbng nhan t i l n cdng Chdng han nhfl khi cb ddm ma, gia dinh
cb ddm thfldng may sdn nhflng bg do quan
d l cdc thay de'n mac lam le, roi bie'u cdc thdy vdi muc dich tra on Tuy nhidn, cb gia
Trang 8sau hode cdc thdy khong nhan qudn do nay
md nhdn nhflng thfl re tien hem Db Id
thu nhap ciia cdc thdy chfle sde Cham khi
di ldm ll Trong khi, cae thay cbn td'n kdm
d viee hpe dao vd trai qua cac dieu kidn
khdt khe de dflpc phong chflc, lam le
phong phdm hdm dung nhfl gido luat
Thuc t l cho thdy, qua cde mdi quan he xa
hdi d Chdm Balambn bode Chdm Bani vd
cdc gia dinh trong cgng ddng d l dflpc cdng
nhdn moi bac phdm hdm raia moi chflc sac
Id khd phflc tap va cung kha td'n kem Bdi
vdy, ldm ehflc sdc Cham khdng d l dang
trong tinh hinh xa hdi hien nay, phai chiu
nhieu thidt thbi v l thdi gian d l hgc dao,
tdn kdm trong vide ldm eac nghi l i phong
cdc chfle phdm hdm ma trdn da de cap
Bofi vdy, trong bdi canh dan tri ngdy cdng
cao, se ngdy cdng giam di nhflng ngfldi
Chdm Bdlamdn eb nhu cdu tham gia vdo
d^i ngu chfle sdc tdn gido
Ridng Hoi gido, vide hoc dao vd trd
thdnh ngfldi eb chfle bac uy tin dd'i vdi cdng
ding cung khbng phai dd ddng md phai
canh tranh, nhat Id trong bdi canh md
rdng giao lUU vdi cde to chfle Hoi gido qude
td' vd tdng cudng di du hgc hidn nay
Nhflng ngudi tre sau khi bpc xong, hdu nhU
khdng trd ve cgng dong vd giang day gido
ludt b thdnh dfldng ma lam vide b cac edng
ty, doanh nghidp tu nhan, tham chi ldm
phidn dich hode tim vide b nUdc ngodi nfli
cb thu nhdp cao hon roi quydn gbp tiln
v l iing hg thdnh dUdng, trp giiip bd con
eOng ddng Nhu vay, chi nhflng ngudi gid
dflpc thdnh dfldng efl di hgc mdi trd vl vdi
cgng dong de mong dupc phong chflc cao
hon vd ldm d vi tri eao hon trong Ban quan
tri thdnh dfldng
gia tri vdn hod ddn tde trong db cb vdn hod Chdm, nhdt la ehinh sdch phuc dflng cdc 11 hgi Chdm, trung tu den, thap, chCia cua cgng dong Chdm da ldm cho dpi ngu
ehflc sdc tdn gido Chdm, nha't Id b ngfldi
Chdm Bdlamdn, Bani eo phdn yen tam hem vdi vi tri vai trb ciia minh trong dcfi sd'ng tinh than eiia cpng dong Chdm Hg khbng ebn chi Id tri thfle cua cpng dong nhfl trfldc day ma Id cau ndi gifla ngudi dan Chdm vdi he thdng ehinh tri d cfl s& ddi vdi cdc va'n de Uen quan den bao tdn
vd phdt huy vdn hod Chdm, the hidn y kien vd tdm tfl nguyen vgng cua ngudi Chdm vdi Dang va Nha nUde thdng qua he thd'ng chinh tri d cfl sd
N H A N XET VA KET L U A N
- Trong bd'i canh cfl ehe' tiii trUdng vd hdi nhap quIc td', dfldi tae dgng tfl chinh saeh ddn tdc vd cac dfl an h i trp phdt triln cua Dang vd Nhd nflde, cde di san van hba Chdm khdng nhflng dflpc quan tam bao tdn
vd ngdy edng phdt huy dupc nhflng mat tich cue trong ddi sdng tinh thdn cua ding bdo Chdm, ma ebn dUflc quang hd rpng rdi,
eb di tich da dupe UNESCO edng nhdn Id
di san vdn hba thd' gidi Dae bidt, dpi ngu chflc sde tbn gido Chdm vdn dang dong vai trb Id nhflng ngfldi "thdy" giang day gido
ly, chfl nghia, day cdch lflu gifl phong tuc tap qudn Chdm vd trflc tie'p thue hidn cdc nghi l l tdn gido, tin ngudng Chdm
- Cde ehflc sdc tdn gido Chdm, nhat Id ciia cde nhbm Chdm Bdlamdn vd Bdni vdn ' dang gbp phan quan trgng ddi vdi vide gin gifl vd phdt huy cde gia tri van hod Chdm thong qua viec trflc tie'p tien hdnh cdc nghi
le tdn gido vd tin nguSng, theo doi gidm sdt
Trang 9cde thdnh vidn trong mdi edng ddng dan cfl
Chdm Bdi vay, dgi ngu chflc sde tbn giao
ndy rdt cd uy tin ddi vdi ngfldi Ch&m trong
vide giai quyd't cdc van de v l tbn giao vd
phong tuc tdp quan, k l cd giai quye't eac
mau thudn khdc Uen quan d i n ddi sdng xa
hpi tdc ngudi vd trong quan hp vdi cae dan
tdc Idng gieng.Tiy nhidn, ben canh mat
tich cue hg vdn muon gifl mdt so' tap qudn
cu khdng ebn phii hpp, nhdt Id trong ma
chay, cfldi hdi tbn kem t i l n cua, thdi gian
vd anh hfldng dIh mdi trudng sd'ng
- De phdt huy hon nfla cdc gid tri cua
n i n vdn hod Chdmpa rue rd, han ehe' cdc
d^ng thai ldi kdo ngUdi Chdm theo cde tbn
gido mdi Dang va Nha nUdc ta can tid'p
tuc doi mdi ciiinh sach liham tao dieu kien
ngdy cang td't hdn d l duy tri vd nang cao
uy tin hoat ddng cua dao Bdlamdn vd H i i
gido Bdni d ngUdi Cham, dong thdi, cb
bi$n phap linh hoat de han ehe tdi da sU
lan tea vd phdt t r i l n dao Tin Idnh, dao
Islam chinh thong vd mgt sd' dao nha't
thdn khae trong cdc cgng dong dan efl eiia
cfic nhbm Chdm Bdlamdn, Bdni d Ninh
Thudn vd Binh Thuan Cu t h l nhfl: (i)
Cdn day m a n h hon nfla eong tde bao ton,
phdt huy cde gid tri van hod Chdmpa do
sp; (U) Phfit huy hon nfla cdc ye'u to' tieh
cflc va t a n g cUdng ndng cao uy tin ciia dao
Bdlambn vd dao Bdni ddi vdi ngfldi Chdm;
(in) Cb ke hoach gin gifl vd tbn tao ngdy
cdng tot hfln nhflng nfli thd tfl, din, thap
ciia dao Bdlamdn, thfinh chiia cua dao
Bdni; (iv) Khuyen khieh phfit trien ddi
ngu chfle sde tbn gifio va tin ngudng dan
gian ciia hai dao ndy sao eho vfla cb uy tin
vdi ngfldi Chdm, vfla am hieu sau vd thdng
thao cfic le hbi, ll nghi tdn gifio, tin
ngfldng dao Bdlamon, Bdniy
TAI U E U THAM KHAO
1 Ban Dan tdc tinh Binh Thudn (2007), Danh
sdch chde sdc ton gido, gid lang, trUdng bdn ddn tpe thiiu so tinh Binh Thudn ndm 2007
2 Ban Ddn tgc tinh Bmh Thuan (2008), Bdo
cdo cdng tdc tU tUdng vdn hod trong vdng dong bdo Chdm tlnh Binh Thudn ndm
2008, Phan Thiet thdng 6/2008
3 Ban Tdn gido tinh Ninh T h u ^ (2007), Sd
liiu thdng ki vi Bdlambn, Nmh Thudn
thdng 11/2007
4 Chi thi sd 06/2008/CT-Trg cua Thii todng
Chinh phu vl Phdt huy vai tro ngiidi co uy
tin vung ddng bdo ddn tpe thiiu so trong sii nghiip xdy dUng ud bdo vi T6 quoc
5 Cue Thdng kd tinh Buih Thudn (2004), Niin
gidm Thong hi tinh Binh Thudn, Phan
Thidt
6 Cyc Thd'ng kd tinh Ninh Thudn (2004),
Niin gidm thdng ki tinh Ninh Thudn,
Phan Rang-Thdp Chdm
7 Nguyin Hong Duong (Chu bidn) (2007), Mpt
sd vdn di ca bdn vi tdn gido, tin ngudng cua dong bdo Chdm d hai tinh Binh Thudn, Ninh Thudn hiin nay, Nxb Khoa
hgc Xd hdi, Hd Ndi
8 Thanh Thi Minh Hien (2010), Vai tro tri
thdc Chdm trong p/idt triin kinh ti - xd hpi tinh Binh Thudn, Luan vdn Thac si Ddn
tdc hge (Luu trfl tai Thu vidn trubng Dai hoc khoa hoc Xd hdi vd Nhdn vdn TP Ho Chi Minh)
9 Ld Xudn Lgi (1995), ChUc sdc ton gido-tin
ngiing C/idm, Phan Rang - 12 - 1995 (Tdi
Udu luu trfl tai Trung tam Nghien cflu Vdn hod Chdm thuOc Sd Vdn hod - Thl thao vd
Du lich tinh Ninh Thudn)
10 Vdn Mon (2000), 'ThUc trang tin ngu9ng tdn gido cua ngUbi Chdm Ninh Thudn hien nay",
trong Tgp chi Nghiin cdu tdn gido, so' 4
11 "Hnh uy Nmh Thudn (2014), Bdo cdo tinh
hlnh kinh ti- xd hpi vung dong hdo ddn tgc Cham, Phan Rang-Thdp Chdm ngdy