Phai thay ddi co bSn tfl quan diem, myc tieu, h§ th6ng, ndi dung, phypng phap, quan ly den chflOng trinh, giao trinh, SGK..., cflcmg quylt bd cai eu, cii Idi thdi de gop phan dfla GD nf
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DOI MOI GlAO DUC CAN DUOC
TIEN HANH MOT CACH DAI DAN, f DIET DE ,-.'
Phong viln (PV) Tgp chi D^y va Hpe ngay nay c6 cupe phong
van i^an GD TS Phgm Tat Dong, Phd Chii tjch kilm long
Thy ki H§i Khiiyen hpe ViH Nam vl nhflng suy nghi ciia ong
doi vdi cong cupc doi mdi giao due dao tao dang tien hanh hien nay
-PV:Xm Gido sticho bietcdm n^cua minh vecugc doimdigido
ducddotqo dang diinra hien nay f
- GS PTD: L^ mdt ngUdi gan bd lau nam vdi nganh giao dye,
chiing toi rat mong dpi eo mpt eupe doi mdi GD mpt each bai ban
va tri^t dl Nghi quylt so 29 ciia H$i nghi 1 ^ thil 8 Ban Chj[p hanh
Trung ypng khda XI da xac t£nh tiln hanh doi mdi can b ^ , toan
di|n GD&DT, day la mpt chu tnlOng diJpc toan dan mong dpi va hy
voi^ se c6 m6t byde tiln mdi, dUa nganh giio dye nydc nhi lln mpt
tam eao hon Khi v& de doi mdi giao due dype diia ra, tSt ca nhOng
gia dinh cd con di hpe, nhflng ngfldi lam giao dye deu phin khdi,
mong muon se cd nhflng thay ddi Tuy nhien, do eiing la mot ap lye
kiidng nhd doi vdi nhfii^ ngydi xay dyng dl an, Neu dya ra dl an doi
mdi ma phii hpp vdi long dan tin se dif pc hoan nghlnh, nhflng ngflpc
lai nlu khoi^ phii h^fp, dan se eo y kien
Theo toi, vi|e doi mdi GD cua chilng ta can phai lam tri|t de Phai
thay ddi co bSn tfl quan diem, myc tieu, h§ th6ng, ndi dung, phypng
phap, quan ly den chflOng trinh, giao trinh, SGK , cflcmg quylt bd cai
eu, cii Idi thdi de gop phan dfla GD nfldc nhk phat trien nhanh hem
- PV: Gido sU cd b'mh luan gi ChMng trinh gida due pho
thong tong thi?
' GS PTD: Cd the ndi ehflong trinh GD pho thdng tdng thi dflpc
rSt nhilu ngfldi quan tam, Nganh GD dang no Iflc ddi mdi Tuy
nhien, chflong trinh mdi nay mdi d diem nSo, tai sao phai ddi mdi va
lam nhy vay se dflpe cai gi, mang Iji chat Iflpi^ mdi the nao thi can
dflpc chi rd YD: ndi vl vi|e phan luong hpe sinh, Phin ludng khoi^
vay nhflng ngUdi xay dflng chuong trinh phai chi ra dUpe each lam
nhfl thi nao d l khac trfldc mdi la quan trpng, Chung ta dao mpt con
song to, mudn cilia nude di eac ncfi, vao cie khu ddi^ rupng thi phai
va dfldng kInh di hpp 1^,
Lau nay Bo GD&DT ehi diii y t|p trung vao phat trien THPT 6
mpt sd dia phucmg Igi ed xu hfldng pho cJip giio due THPT, Theo toi
dflpc bilt,'cae nflde tren the gidi khdng phd cap THPT rak phd cap
bac trung hoc VD sau Trung hpe co sd eo nhili^ em hpe TH nghe
giao dye trung hpe Hi|n nay, Bp GD&DT chi coi trpng mpt kInh
THPT, ma "ch?y" theo THPT thi tat yeu se chi ch^iy vao d^i hpe
GS.TS PHAM TAT DONG
Chiing ta eoi nh? hfldng nghi|p, hpe sinh khi hpe THPT it khi nghi rang Trung cSp nghe, Trung cap ehuyen nghi|p la mpt hfldng di can phai tinh den Do do chi khi nao HS tdidng trung tuyen v ^ d^i hpe mdi di vio eac kenh khic vdi tam 1^ "bi that b ji", bSt dac dl Dfl ihao de cap din ddi mdi each hpe tif truyin thy kiln thile sang phat triln nang lye cua ngfldi hpe, Day la m^t xu the eia thi gidi, VI mat ly thuylt thi khdng mdi vi thflc tl, chu tnlong phat trien nang
lye la dilu ma Chii ttch Hd Chi Minh <te ndi tii T& lau ma ehung ta
ehfla lam dflpe Trong bflc thfl dau tiln gfli nganh GD nam 1945, Bac
da vilt rang: Nhi trflctog phai day cho eac chau phat buy dupe tat ea nhiii^ nang Ifle san cd DSy la mdt quan diem trilt hpe, Theo ehfl nghia Mae thi con ngfldi la mpt h | thoi^ nhflng nang Ifle, Chinh vi
dd laxu thi eua dil gicfi nin Viet Nam can theo dudi Van de la nganh
GD phai dm ra nhfli^ giai phap ey the, phu hpp d l phat huy dflpe nang Iflc thile sfl eija ngfldi hpe, chfl khdng chi tuyen bd Dilu nay khdng thiy ndi trong ehflPi^ trinh
- PV: TrongdU thdo CbUdngOinh GDPT, Gido sU ban khoan nhdt diSu^f
- GS PTD: Dilu ma toi ban khoan nhk cd le la vi|e hpe tich hpp,
Hpe tich hpp c6 nghIa la lam thi nao de d cap hoc dfldi, HS dflpc mdn khoa hpe, Hi|n nay, m0t sd nfldc tren the gidi dang thflc hi|n,
nhflng thflc hi?n mot each khac nhau Theo quan diira eua tdi, \ie
em bat dau bfldc vao trfldng la lam quen vdi khoa hpe, Cd thi ban thanh nhiing bp mdn khoa hpe va khi vao din dai hpe se ehuyen sau Ngay nay xu hfldng ehung cua the gidi la dgy khoa hpe va cdng nghi,
ma phSi hfldng dSn cho cae em biet each lam nhfl the nio T&i thiy
chflong trinh GD pho thdng tdng the chfla thi hi|n dflpc tinh than edng ngh? d trong dd
Dl dgy hpe tich hpp, dilu ki$n quan trpng nhat \i nang Iflc sfl
pham ngflcA giao viln Cae trfldng DH, CD sfl pham van chi dao tao giao viln theo tflng mdn Thdng thfldng, GV day Toan eo thi biet
mpt chiit vl Y^X ly, giao viln day Sinh hpe ciing cd thi biet mdt chiit
vl Hda hpe Nhflng d l GV d^y dflpe chucfng trinh tieh hpp tlii phai eai each sil phgm trfldc Theo nguyin tac, GV phai chuin hda Phai
ea cae trfldng sfl pham eung phai ddi mdi chfldng trinh cua mbh sao cho qua truih dao t^o giao viln sat vdi ylu eau dao t?M3 d phd thdng ChflOng trinh dao t^o sfl pham phai an khdp vdi hydng ddi mdi GDPT va GDCN, Mudn san xuSt dflpc mdt san pham d?p thi
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phai dao tao dflpe nhOng ngfldi thp ed tay nghi cao, Khdng cd ngfldi -•
huan luyin, ngfldi d?y gidi thiiam sao co HS gidi
- PV: Dieu ban khoan thvl 2 Id, chUdng trinh hdu nhU chi noi
den gido due pho thong trong nhd tnidng chinh quy khong ndi ;
din gido due khong chinh quy hay gido due ngodi nha trUiSng, \
dac biet ligido due cho ngUHi Wn Biiu ndy Idm cho chung^ ta
hinh dunghe th5nggido due quae dan chi cogido ducpho thong i
chinh qui vdcdi cdehgido due pho thong Theo dUthdo, ChMng
trinh GDPT 12 nam, duac chia Idm 2 giai doan, giai doan GD
cd ban (gSm cap tHu hoe 5 nam, cSp THCS 4 nam) vd giai doan [
gido due dinh hUdngnghinghiip (cdp THPT 3 nam), viecphdn ;
TO chuang trinh nhU vdy c6 tot khong va I(IH C6 gidm tdi dUdc
cho HS khdng, thUa Gido sii?
- GS PTD: d cae nflde tren the gidi, djnh hfldng nghi nghilp ;
cho ire em dflpe thyc hi|n tfl khi eac em mdi hpe Idp 1 Thflc :
sfl cong vi?c niy rat cdng phu Mdi HS dflpc l^p mdt hd so diln "
ten va ghi chip cae dac diem, hoan canh hpe tap, each hpe mdn
hpe yeu thich, kha nang nam vflng ky nang eung nhilu thdng |
tin khac nham mye dich nam e h k nhflng diem trpi va chfla d^t ;
trong nang iflc cua tflng hpe sinh, qua dd giiip eac em chpn nghi
phu hpp vdi ban than
Vile CO giam tai hay khdng theo tdi phu diupc vao GV Mpt ngfldi
GV gidi la ngfldi phai hieu rat ky can day hpe sinh d mfle nio la vfla
phiu la du loi thay cd nhilu giao vien dfla ra nhflng bai tgp "danh do'
hpe sinh, Tdi thflc sfl khdng hieu hp dfla ra nhflng bai tgp kho nhfl
vay de lam gi bdi HS se quen ngay m no khdng mang tinh hi|u qua va
ling dyng vao thfletl
- PV; Trong dU Mo chUdng trinh Gido due phS Mng tSng M
eungcdnhdcdinhoatdongtrdittfftiimsdngtaoddnhdwHStiilSp
1 den lap 12.d^c6 Aiicoi id noi dunghUSngtdi^do due ky nang
sSngclio hoe sitdi khong, thtla Gido sii?
• GS PTD: Theo tdi \hSy, hj|n nay cae boat dpng Urai t^hilm ciia
HS vixi chi loanh quanh trong ede nha trydng Chiing ta ehfla cd
nhilu CLB nha van hda, vfldn thflc nghi?m, xfldng san xuat., cho
HS den trai nghi|m, Da ndi din ttai nghi|m la phai dflpc di thflc t l d
dan ,, TdithaydnydcDflc.HSidp 12mdttuanvancdvMbudidflpe
iham gia trai nghilm trong eac nhi may VI vay, d l HS cd nhilng boat
dpng trai nghi?m, can phai xSy dflng nhflng ehitong trinh ey thi VD,
mudn HS yeu mfdc thi phii cho HS tr^ nghi?m d l hilu bien dao nhfl
the ntio, cho cSc em dflpc tiep xue vdi cdc chiln si tfl do cae em them
hilu edng vi|e tham l^ng ma eac chiln si dang lam de gifl gin bien
dSo qui hflcftig, khcri dgty trong cae em Idng ylu qui hflPng dat nflde
Muon HS bilt ngflc^ ndng dan vat va mdt nang hai sflPng lam ra h^t
gao nhfl the nao thi phai dfla cae em den eac ddng rudng do mdi
U tr^ nghilm,
Tnang chflPng trinh phd thdng mdi eiing dfla ra mdt sd pham chSt
ma hpe sinh phai d?t dflpc la sdng ylu thflong (yeu Td qudc, gifl gjn,
phai huy truyin thdng gia dinh Vi^t Nam, gifl gin, phat huy gia tri
cae di san van hda cua que hflcfng, dat nflde, tdn tnpng cae n|n vin
hda uen Ihl gidi, nhan ai, khoan dung, ylu thien nhien; sdng tfl chCi
(trung thflc, tfl trpng, tfl l^fc, cham chi vflpt khd, tfl hoan thign vi sdng
teach nhilm Theo tdi, chiii^ ta da ed 5 dilu Sae Hd dgyvi nhflng Idi
day do eon nguyin gia trj den bay gid thi lieu cd nhat thilt phai dfla
vao 'ill ihao nhflng pham chat nay?
LDATV^NOE
Trong bdi canh ehung: Giao dye thi gidi dang co nhflng chuyo
ddr^ Idn tich cflc theo hfldng d?t trpng tSm vio ngfldi hpe vi de a
vile huih thanh nang Ifle cho ngfldi hpe [5;7;8:9]; Thflc tiln d^yhj eic mdn khoa hpe chuyin nganh (KHCN) trong eac cO sd dao Is giao viln hi|n nay vin theo dinh hfldi^ ndi dung la chinh mi dim quan tam thflc hi^n djnh hfldng nghe nghilp [1;2;3;4;5]; Dgy hpe ci(
mdn KHCN tai cae trfldng sfl p h ^ hi|n nay ehfla thyc sfl hpi nhjp
chfla phat huy dflpc hit tSc dyng doi vdi cdng tdc dao tiio n^n^
sfl pham; Yeu eau vl nang eao chat Iflpng dao l^o giao vien n h ^ i
flng ddi mcA chflOi^ trinh giao dye pho t h d i ^ thi vi|e chuyin bim
d^y hpe tfl dinh hfldng ndi dimg sang xay dflng vi thflc hi|n mo hlnl d^y hpe dinh hfldng phat trien nang Iflc sfl ph^m d cic trfldng ji pham la vile lim rat cd y i^hlavi phu hpp vdi tinhhinh ehung, ^t!
sfl cdng hfldng m ^ me cd tie dyng gdp phan nang cao c h l l ^ dao tao giao viln
Ndi dung ciia nghiln cflu nay di cap din quan nilm va ck)(i
td eau thanh eua md huih dgy hpe cdc mdn khoa hpe chuyin i ^ djnh hfldng phat triln ning Ifle sfl pham cho sinh viln
2.NplDUNGNGH|gNCUU
2.1 Khai nilm "mo hinh"
Tfl dien Tieng Vi|t Hoing Phi' (2014, tr826) d}nh nghlara Mnh" theo 2 each:
(1) "M6 Knh (MH) Id v^tcunghir^ dqngnhUngdi^lam M
lainhiiu,mdphdngedut^ovdhogt<lgngcuamgtvatkhdc^tnM[
vd n^iin aiu" Cach djnh nghIa nay ndi din md hinh vit chalf
dflpc dimg d l md phdng eau t^io va ho^t dpi^ eua vat dflpc n ^ cilu Myc dich md hinh hoi la de nghiln cflu vi ddi tflpng Ig (2) Ngoai ra, md h b h c6n dflpc xac dinh li: "Hinh tfiifc #
\ hit siicgqn theo mot nggn ngii nao do eac dac trUngtMyiucmi doi tUdng, di n^iSn aiu doi tUdng dy" dddymd funh cQng A4,
ta bang ngon ngS viet, sd do, hinh ve dflpc du:^ de dien ta cii
irflng chu ylu cua doi tflpng dflpc nghiln cflu
Tfl diln Tam M - Nguyen KhSc Vi|n^ (1991, trang 169) djnli-,
ve "md hinh" nhfl sau: "Mo hinh - chi mdt hinh Mi cSu trkdm
ra vi mdt sU vat hien tUdng, vdi nhilng eSu ^dnh ro net, va nhiSi^u tiicingquang}iiacdeb6phdn,nhQngcddiihoatdongdim6tijiii vdtphiic tap C6 tinh Ididi qudt, c6 thivdn dmgtrongnhUngki^
liiidnggian thdi ^an khac nhau, nhungchl Id hUcdu, co dtAf khdng vi ramdtsil vat cu thi'
Trong djnh nghia nay chiing tdi quan tam den cie ylu
md hinh:
+ Cau trie-cdc ylu tdciu thanh eua md hinh * + Mdi quan h | gifla cae ylu td trong md hinh + Cochlhoatddng cua md hinh Tfl dien Tam li Giio dye hpe Ph?m Minh H?c; Cie -liln quan din md lunh thfldng quan tam den eac thanh td c|j eua sy v?t hi?n tflpi^ do ^
Nhy vgty, thu^t ngC "md huih dflpe xac ditjh d 2 dang ^ + Thii nhdt: U6 hinh md phdng bang vdt ch&t (ggi tat m ^
• v&tchdt) , , - ,
"+7;ii?/ia':Mdhinhmotabangngonngfl,ldiiiquaUrflulif!? ^
' thuylt(gpit^tmoW"ftA''''«>^U "^
_— '* ^
" i //oiw/'A^fCA; 2014, TCr dien Tieng Vi?i,NXB Da N i n e ^ «l
2 Nguyin Khic mn 1991 Tif 4tSn Tam li NXB Ngo^, „5N, 7h«| +
.,„/,/™ cmi tdm li ire em Ha Npt f