NGUYiN KHAC TRINH Bai hoc Tdy Nguyen IDi dan t i / d o - thUc trang, nguyen nhan • va ket qua giai quyet * Thuc trang d Dak Lak Tinh Dak Lak la dja ban cd vi tri chien lupc quan trpng
Trang 1GIAI QUYET VAN DEDI DAN Tir DO ^ , | i ^
or DAK LAK TUT NAM 2005 DEN NAM 2011
KET QUA VA KINH NGHIEM
D Ths NGUYiN KHAC TRINH
Bai hoc Tdy Nguyen
IDi dan t i / d o - thUc trang, nguyen nhan
• va ket qua giai quyet
* Thuc trang d Dak Lak
Tinh Dak Lak la dja ban cd vi tri chien lupc
quan trpng ve kinh te, chinh tn, an ninh qudc
phdng cua khu vuc Tay Nguyen va ca nudc Vdi
didn tich tu nhidn 13.125 km^'^', dat dai mau md,
mat dp dan sd thua 131 ngudi/km^ (ca nudc la
259 ngudi/km^), nen trong nhffng nam qua, Dak
Lak ludn la luc hut hap d i n ddi vdi dan dl cu tu do
khap ca nudc den lam an, sinh sdng
Gia nhap ddi quSn di cu tu do den Dak Lak cd
nhieu thanh phan dan cu khac nhau, trong do luc
lupng ddng dao va thudng xuyen nhat la cac hd
gia dinh ngudi dan tdc thieu sd d cac tinh mien
nui phia Bac Tinh rieng trong giai doan 2005
-2010 cd 1 298 hd - 6.453 khau la ngudi dan tdc
thieu sd, chiem tdi 96% Rieng ngudi Mdng vdi
1,019 hd - 5.208 khau, chiem 76,2% (100% theo
dao Tin Lanh)'^' Hidn nay, mac du Dang bp,
chinh quyen cac cap trong Tinh da cd nhieu nd
luc de giai quyet, ngan chan di dan tu do tdi Oak
Lak, tuy nhidn tinh trang nay v i n dang didn ra
dudi nhieu hinh thffc khac nhau vdi nhung bieu
hien phCrc tap mdi, khid'n cho tinh hinh di dan t u
do mdi tam lang lai dang cd bieu hien ndng len
Dan di cu t u do den Dak Lak cu tru 6 nhieu dia
1 - UBND tinh Ddk Ldk (2005), Bdo cdo tong hap
quy hoach tong the phdt trien kinh te - xa hoi tinh
Bak Lak de'n ndm 2020, Ddk Ldk, tr 2
2 - Sdd, tr 4
TAP CHI GIAO DUC LY LUAN - SO 199 (7/2013)
phudng khac nhau, tuy nhien thudng xuyen va tap trung nhat van la cac khu vuc thudc vung s&u, vung xa, vung bien gidi, trong dd ndi Idn hai dja phffpng cd sd dan ddn nhieu va thffdng xuyen nhat la huyen Ea Sup 669 ho - 3.410 khau, huyen Krdng Bdng 344 hd -1.583 khau'^' Nguydn nhan
la do hai huyen nay dja ban rpng, mat dp dan sd thua (19 ngudi/lkm^), gan nhffng khu rffng dac dung (huyen Ea Sup co Vudn qudc gia Yok Ddn vdi tdng dien tich 115.545 ha}, ddng thdi day la nhffng nai ma chinh quyen dia phucmg gap rat nhieu khd khan trong cdng tac quan ly dja ban, Dan di cu tu do den Dak Lak da tao ra nhffng bien dpng to Idn anh hffdng den su phat then kinh
te - xa hdi, an ninh quoc phdng cua Tinh nhU' tinh trang pha rUng, lan chiem dat rffng lam dat cf va san xuat, san ban, mua ban ddng vat hoang da trai phep; tinh trang mua ban, sang nhuong dat dai trai phep di§n ra kha phd bien, nhieu noi xay
ra tranh chap dat dai giffa dan di cu tu do vdi dan ban dja, giffa dan di cu tu do vdi cac ndng, lam trudng, gay khd khan cho viec quan ly nha nudc, anh hudng den cac ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hdi d cac dja phUdng, ty Id hp ngheo ddi ngay mpt tang, cac te nan xa hpi nhu nghien hut, md tin dj doan, hoat dpng tdn giao trai phep didn ra phd bien d cac vung cd dSn di cu tff do.,,
* Nguyen nhan
Cd nhieu nguyen nhan khac nhau dSn den
J - Sdd Phu luc 2 j " (
Trang 2tinb trang di dfin tu do den D i k Lak, trong dfi chd
y l u Ifi ly do kinh Id: hau bet cfic hp dan dl cu t u
do Ifi dfin eu d cae tinh eP dja hinh phttc tap, kbi
hfiu khac ngbifit, eo sd ha tang yeu kem, t h i l u dfi't
s i n xufi't, thifiu nudc, ty lfi dpi nghfio eao Bfirt
canh do con co mpt sd nguyfin nban khac nhu
tap qufin canb tfie, ve tfin gifio day la mpt thye
trang bttc xdc, anh httdng IPn den qua trtnh phat
frIen kinh te - xa hpi, an ninh ehinh trj va trat t y an
tofin xa hpi dfii vdl efie dia phuong trfin dja bfirt
linh D i k L i k
' K i t qua
D l djnh hudng eho eae dja phuong trong vifie
g i i l quyet va'rt dfi dl dfin t y do, Chinh phd da ban
hfinh rtbifiu van b i n chi dao thyc bifin, trong dfi
CO mpt sd van bfirt quan trpng n h u Quyfit dlnh
190/ 2003/ QD - TTg, ngay 16/09/2003 cda Tbd
tudng Chinh phd Ve chinh sfich dl dan thyc hifin
quy hoaeh, bd fri dfin cu glai doan 2003 - 2010;
Quyet djnh 193/ 2006/ QD - TTg, ngay 24/8/2006
"Ve vISe phfi duyfit Chuong trirth bd In dan eu efie
vdng: thifin tai, dae bifit kho khan, bifin gidi, h i i
d i o , di cu ty do, xung yeu va rat xung y l u eua
rttng phong hp, kbu bao vfi nghiem ngat eda rttng
dae dung giai doan 2006 - 2010 vfi djnh httPng
den nam 2015" Theo dd, eac tinh Tfiy Nguyfin
cung da ban banh nbieu van ban chi dao, xfiy
dung vfi triln khai cac dy fin bfi fri s i p xep dn
djnh dfirt dl cu ty do Ddng then ed van b i n va td
chtte efie budi lam viee vdi cfic tinh cd dan dl eu
d i n dja ban Tay Nguyen de phdi hpp g j i i quyfit
Ddl vdi linh Dak L i k , d l tap frung gial quylt
vfi'n de dl dfin ty do, Tinh dy, UBND tinh da cd
nhieu van b i n ehi dao cae cap, cac ngfinh xay
dyng phuong an, s i p xfip dn dinh dan di eu t y do
Cu t h l , Tinh dy da cfi Chi thj sfi 10-CT/TU (2002)
Ve vISc tang cudng cac bien phap ngan ehan va
gial quylt va'n dfi dan dl cu ty do, UBND tinb da
xfiy dyng phuong an quy hoaeh, s i p x l p on djnh
dfin di cu t y do gial doan 2006 - 2010 Trfin co
sd cac van b i n cua Tinh dy va UBND linh, cfie
nganh, efie cfi'p trong Tinh da tap frung t r i l n khai
thuc bien, d i n nay dfi dat dttpc mpt sd k i t q u i
8 2
nhat dlnh: Tinb den bet nam 2010, UBND tinb
D i k Lak da phS duyet 14 d y fin bd fri sap xfip dn djnb dfin di cu t y do eho 5.358 hp vPI 27.791 nban khfi'u Tong kinh phi d i u t u la 367,596 IJ ddng, trong dp giai doan 2006 - 2011, tdng kinh phi da duoc bo tri tbue hien cfic dtt fin dn djnh dfirt dl cu tu do Ifi 161.895 trtfiu ddng Tdng so hp dupc bd Iri sap xep dn djnh thdi k> 1996 - 2011 la 3.142 hp, 15.140 khfi'u, b i n g 32,95% tdng sd hp dfin'*' Ngudn vdn dau t u chd yeu dupc stt dung vao vifie dau t u co sd ha tfing nbu dien, duOng, fruPng, tram va eac eong trirth phyc vy ddl sdng, san xuat d nhttng vdng lai djnb cu Ngofii ra, cfie
dy an eung danh mpt phan vdn de hd trp true tiep cho eac hp dan trong qufi trinh di ddi vfi dn djnh cufic sdng Cfic bp dfin trong vung d u an ngoai viec dupe hudng dau t u cda Nhfi nudc cfin dupe chinh quyen dja phuong bd tri ca'p dat d, dat s i n xuat, efie ehinh sach uu dai tbeo quy djrth eda Nhfi rtUdc va nhttng ttu tifin khac tuy difiu kien eda tttng dja phttong
Bfin canh nhttng k i t qua da dat dttOc, viec glai quyet van dfi di dan tu do d O i k Lak v i n cfin nhttng ban c b l nhat djnh Tinh d i n tbdi d i l m bifin taJ, trfin dja ban tinh Dak Lak cfin hon 6.395 hp vfil 30.750 khau ehua dupe bd trf s i p xep drt djrth, trortg do ep 5 358 bp vdi 27.791 kha'u eda 14 du
an da dupc UBND tinh phfi duyet vfi 1.037 hp chua duoc lap du an™ Tien dp thyc hien efie dy
an dfi duoe phfi duyfit cdn eham, tirth trang dl dan
ty do t i l p tuc tfii dien vdl nhttng chuyen b i l n phttc tap hon
Nhin lai qufi trinh g i i l q u y l t van de dl dfirt t y
do d Dak L i k trong nhttng nam qua cfi the kbang djnh: dfiy la mpt cfing vific khp khan, phttc lap, cd tfie dpng Idn dfin sy phfit t r i l n eua dja phuong cung nhu tinb binh chung eda kbu vye vfi dat nuOe Vdi nhttng ket q u i da dat dupe trong qufi
4 • UBNB tinh Bdk Ldk (2X2010), Bdo cdo sa kit thuc hien ChUdng trinh bd tri ddn cu 3 ndm (2006 2008) theo Quyet dinh sd' 193/2006/QB-TTB
np-241812004 cua Thu tudng Chinhphu.tr 7
5 - UBND tinh Bdk Ldk, Sdd (2), tr 8
TAP CHI GIAO Dgc L* LUAN • s 6 199
Trang 3trinh bo tri s^p xep on dinh dan di cu tff do da the
hien tinh hieu qua cua cac chu truong, chinh sach
da ban hanh cung nhu quyet tam va su nd luc cd
gang cua Dang bp, chinh quyen cac cap trong
tinh Dak Lak nham tao dung su dn djnh, lam tien
de d l phat trien kinh te - xa hdi Tuy nhien cd mpt
nghjch ly dang dien ra b DSk Lak da dffpc tdng
ket trong Bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien dn dmh
dong bao di cu tff do theo Chi thj sd 39/ 2004/ CT
- TTg 2005 - 2009) ngay 20/ 02/ 2009 la, "Giudng
nhff tmh cang co gang giai quyet tdt cdng tac on
djnh dan di cu tu do thi lai cang thu hut luong dan
di cu tu do den Dak Lak nhieu hpn "'^',
Hien nay, ddi sdng ci!ia cac hp dan di cu tu do,
nhat la 6 nhffng vung cd dan mdi den cu tru hoac
nhffng vung chua lap d u an dn djnh cdn rat khd
khan, cd sd ha tang thid'! yd'u nhu dipn, dudng,
trffdng, tram cdn thieu thon va yeu kem; trinh
dp ngffdi dSn cdn thap, thid'u cac dieu kien cham
sdc sffc khoe, con em khdng dffde hpc hanh; cac
hu tuc, tap quan cdn nang ne; tinh trang tao hdn,
sinh de nhieu cdn phd bien (nhat la d cpng ddng
dan tpc Mdng); cac te nan xa hdi va hoat ddng
tdn giao trai phep cdn di§n ra phffc tap Thffc
trang nay dat ra yeu cau ddi vdi viec giai quyet
van de di dan tff do trong thdi gian tdi can due ket
nhffng kinh nghiem, tim kiem nhffng giai phap
khoa hpc, phu hdp va cd hieu qua lau dai de
nhanh chong ngan chan, han che tdi da tinh trang
di dcin tu do va thuc hien cd hieu qua cac du an
bd tri sap xep dn dinh dan di cu tu do
2 Kinh nghiem va giai phap
Tff thuc tien viec giai quyet van de di dan t u
do 6 Dak L^k trong nhffng nam qua, cd the rut ra
m d t s d kinh nghidm sau:
- d dau cac cap uy dang, chinh quyen, co
quan doan the cac cap that su gan bd, tam huyet
mat thiet vcri nhan dan, cd quan diem, tu tudng
nhan thffc dung dan va nghiem tuc, coi cdng tac
bd tri sap xep dan cu la mdt trong nhffng nhiem
vu chinh trj cd tinh chien Iffpc quan trpng trffdc
6 - VBND tinh Ddk Ldk (11 Sdd, tr 6
T^P CHI GIAO Dye LY LUAN -SO 199 (7/2013)
mat cung nhu lau dai ciia Dang va Nha nudc ta, thi d dd cd su chl dao va td chffc thffc hien thanh cdng, dat hieu qua cao
- Trong qua trinh chi dao, td chffc thuc hien nhiem vu cua cac nganh, cac cap tff Trung Udng den cac dia phuong dd'i vdi cdng tac di dan, phai
cd su thdng nhat va ddng bd Dac biet la ngay tff khi cd chu truong khao sat, quy hoach lap cac du
an den cac giai doan tham dinh phe duyet va trien khai thffc hien dau tu du an phai ddng bp va chat che
- Trung uong can cd su dau tu, hd trp kjp thdi
va dong bp, dap ffng nhu cau thuc te cua nhan dan d cac vung tai dinh cff thuc hien day diJ chinh sach ddn mpi ngudi dan, tao dieu kien giup
6d ddng bao mdi d^n nhanh chdng bat tay vao dn
djnh cudc sdng, tap trung phat trien san xuat
- Tang cudng va day manh ap dung khoa hpc
ky thuat vao san xuat va ddi sdng ci!ia nhan dan thdng qua cdng tac khuyen ndng, khuyen lam, ddng thdi td chffc san xuat va xay dffng md hinh san xua't mdi phu hpp vdi dieu kien va trinh dp san xuat cua nhan dan trong vung,
Cung tff thffc tien viec giai quyet van de di dan
tu do d Dak Lak, cd the dua ra mdt de xuat mang tinh giai phap nham khac phyc va giai quyet cd hidu qua tinh trang di ddn tu do ddn Oak Lak trong nhffng nam tdi la:
- Chinh phu can nhanh chdng de ra cac giai phap va tap trung dau tu phat trien kinh te - xa hpi
d cac tinh mien nui phia Bac - ndi cd ddng ddng bao dl c u t u do vao Oak Lak, tao dieu kien cho ngud' dan, dac biet la ddng bao dan tdc thieu so
cd dieu kien san xuat, cai thien dcfl song de ba con yen tam lam an, sinh sdng tren que huong minh tranh tinh trang di cu 6 at nhu nhffng nam qua
- Cac cap Bd, nganh Trung Udng can tao dieu kien de tinh Dak Lak cd chu trffdng chuyen ddi muc dich sff dung dat d nhffng vung ma ba con
da khai pha de canh tac cd kha nang phat tnen san xua't ndng - l^m nghipp ma khdng anh hudng den binh dien chung, nham tao quy dat d va dat
Trang 4s i n xufi't eho cac dy an Iriln khai thuc hien Song
song vol do, Chinb phd can uu tien d i u tu kinh
phi mfit each kjp thPi eho cfic dy fin bd Iri s i p xep
dn djnh dan dl eu tu do d eae dia phuong trong
Tinh, dfic biet Ifi cfic dy an da dupc phfi duyfit va
triln khai thuc hifin
- Chlnh phd e i n ban hfinh che tfii hpp iy, co
sttc manh de xtt ly van dfi di dfin ty do bao gfim
eac nguyfin l i c , trfich nhifim va nghTa vu de cae
dja phuong va nguOl dfin chap hfirth kbi xay ra
tinh trang di dfin ty do trfii phep Ddng then frfi'p
tue ehi dao cfic dia phuong cP dfin dl eu t y do
thye hifin eac bifin phap q u i n ly dan cu mpt each
chat ehe, tuyfin truyen, van dpng ba con thyc
hien nghiem tue Lual Cu trd, khfing d l tinb trang
dfin dl cu ty do dien ra d at vfi can phdi hpp vPi
cfic dja phuong eP dan d i n trong viec g i i i quyfit
trinb trang di dan ty do
- Tiep tue t i l n hanh quy hoach, xfiy dyng va
thue hien eac d y an bfi Iri sap x l p dn djnb dfin di
eu tu do theo ke hoaeh da dfi ra, ddng thdi can
Idng ghep vdl cac chuong Irinh phat t r i l n kinh te
-xa hpi d cfie dja phuong d l eo dieu kifin hd tro
dfin dl cu ty do trong viec dn djnb dOi sdng va s i n
xuat
- Tfing eupng theo dpi, quan ly dan eu eda eac
cap chinh quyen dja phuong, dac biet Ifi cfic dja
bfin tbudng xuyfin cP dan dl cu d i n sinh song Kjp thPI thPng bao eho cac dia phuong eo dfin dl
cu den de phdi hpp giai quyfit Ddng tbPi, can tang cudng chi dao cfie cap cbinh quyen phdi hpp chat che vdi cfic td ehttc qufin chung tuyfin truyen, glao due dfin di cu tu do thttc hifin nghifim chinh phap lual, van dpng hp khong loi keo hp hfing, Ifing xfim t i l p luc dl cu ttt do vfio Dak Lak
- Nhanh chpng xay dyng eac khu tai djnb eu tbanh nhttng epng ddng xa hpi bfin vttng va truyen thdng Dan di cu t y do du cP nhilu thanh phan khfie nhau, nhung deu cP thoi quen va truyfin thdng cu trd tbeo kieu dong tpc, xom Ifing Chinb each thtte ctt tru dP dfi tao dung trong tam thtte mdi ngttPi Viet truyen thdng g i n
bd vdi quS buong, edi ngudn Vdl cfic hp dfin di
eu l u do khi dieu kifin sinb sdng vfi s i n xuat dn djnh, hp sfi xem vung dat mdi djnh cu Ifi qufi buong thtt hai cda minb vfi se g i n bd Ifiu dfii vdl vung da't dp Chinh vi the, vific xfiy dung cac khu tfii djnb eu Ihanh nhttng epng ddng dfin ett ben vttng, phat huy nhttng dac diem fruyin thing, phong luc tap quan eda cfic nhfim dan cu se gidp
hp sPm g i n ket vdi qufi huong mdi Dfiy cung la
g i i i phap quan trpng n h i m ban e h l tinh trang tfii
dl cu l y do dfi vfi dang dien ra tren dja ban linb Dak Lak npi rieng va Tay Nguyfirt nfii chung.D
BAIHOCTIJrMOTSdQUOCGIA ffiep trang 62;
Hal /a, tang cffdng tu do hda cac hoat ddng
kinh doanh djch vu bao ve mdi trudng va cd phan
hda cac doanh nghiep, don vj su nghidp dang va
se tham gia xa hdi hda cac djch vu dd thj
Ba ta, khdng ngffng hoan thien mdi trudng
phap ly, dieu chinh chinh sach, nang cap cac uu
dai tai chinh va tao thuan ldi cao nhat cho cac
doanh nghiep, cac nha dau tff tham gia xa hpi
hoa dau tu bao ve mdi trudng
Bon la, can dam bao sff tham gia giam sat cua
xa hpi va dan chu hda qua trinh xa hdi hda dau t u
bao vd mdi trffdng
Nam la, lang cudng nang luc va ddng luc tai
chinh, cung nhu bao dam phan phoi cdng bang cac Ipi ich thu hudng va cac chi phi phai ganh chiu cho muc dich bao ve mdi trucmg
S^u la, dac biet, phai giai quyet van de mdi
trudng trong s u dong bd vdi cdng tac xoa ddi, giam ngheo, tao cdng an viec lam va gan ket Ipi ich cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng vcri Ipi ich va cupc muu sinh hang ngay cue ngudi dan, nhat la dan ngheo
Bay la, nSng cao chat Iffpng va tdn vinh xffng
dang cac can bp, nhSn vidn lam cdng lac bao ve mdi trffdng.a