Tfl hign thyc ddi sdng chfl ydu dUdc gidi hgn trong ddi sdng chinh tri xa hdi, truyen ngan dUdng dgi da tim den mot hien thyc rdng Idn hdn cua ddi sdng nhdn sinh the sU, "vdl cac quan he
Trang 1Tir duy truyen nsin Viet Nam sau
d^i mdi ve de tai dao 'diit xa iioi
• •
TS.BUiNHUHAi
CHOi VHNT Quang Trj)
Tfl khi dat nudc budc vao sy ddi mdi
toan dien, chflng ta da gat hai dupe
nhflng thdnh tyu to Idn, ddng ghi
nhgn Xd hpi ed nhflng thay ddi can bdn,
vdi bao vdn de mdi me, day phflc tgp Ddi
sdng chfnh trj vi thd khdng cdn Id ddi tupng
phdn anh duy nhat cfla van hpe ndi ehung
va truyen ngan dUdng dgi ndi rieng.Su ddi
mdi dau tidn ed le b i t dau tfl viec md rpng
phgm vi phdn anh hien thflc Tfl hign thyc
ddi sdng chfl ydu dUdc gidi hgn trong ddi
sdng chinh tri xa hdi, truyen ngan dUdng
dgi da tim den mot hien thyc rdng Idn hdn
cua ddi sdng nhdn sinh the sU, "vdl cac
quan he vdn dT da doan da su, phflc tgp
Chang chjt, dan det nen nhflng mgch ndi vk
mgch ngdm cfla ddi sdng" (Nguyen Van
Long) Bdy chinh la ndn tdng cho su md
rdng dd tai cfla truyen ngan Viet Nam sau
ddi mdi, trong dd, de tai dgo dflc xa hpi Id
mdt trong nhflng dd tdi "ndng", dang Id
mdnh dat mau md de eae cdy bflt truyen
ngan hudng ddn, nhim truy tim,trong cd
chd thj trudng dd Idm nay sinh nhflng hidn
tUdng tieu cue, suy thodi dgo dfle, nhan
each vd khdng ngdn nggi dUa vdo trang
vidt nhflng hidn tupng tidu cue efla xd hdi,
the hidn tinh dy bdo trong thdi ddi mdi Dd
Id con ngUdi ludn cdnh gide, tranh xa edi
ac, cdi xau, cai phi dgo dfle va len an, phd phan nhflng hidn tUdng xdu xa, nhflng vide lam sai trai
Thiet nghT, sy xudt hien dd tai dao dflc
xa hdi trong truyen ngan Viet Nam sau doi mdi, trude hdt b i t ngudn tfl sU thflc nhgn efla nha van trUde nhflng vdn de ndng bdng nhat dang diln ra hang ngay, hang gid trong ddi sdng, trong tflng gia dinh vd bdn trong eua mdi ea nhdn SU hien hflu eua nd chfnh Id nhflng van de ngon ngang trong ddi sdng van hda xa hdi, kinh td, giao dye, vdi nhflng hidn tUdng tieu cue, tha hod nhdch nhdc, suy ddi dgo dflc, nhdn each,
La "ky su tdm hdn", cdc cay bflt truydn ngin khong thd dflng dUng dflng ngoai cupe, da nam b i t mdt each nhanh nhay, tham nhap vao ddi sdng dgo dflc, nhan sinh sang tai tgo dgo dflc cho eon ngUdi, gdp phan thflc tinh lUdng tri, nang dd tam hdn, dua eon ngudi trd vd vdi sy hoan thien, hoan my vd nhdn each, dao dflc vd Idi sdng Day ehfnh Id ly do cac nhd van nhgp cupe tfch cue de eho ra ddi hang logt truyen ngan xud't sac ve dd tdi nay, nhu
Ngudi vai linh hdn efla Vu Bdo, Nhiing ngUdi thd xi ciia Nguyen Huy Thiep, H$u thien dudng, Dem diu dang cua Nguyen Thj Thu Hue, BUc tranh efla Nguydn Minh
Trang 2NGHIEN Cifu - PHE BINH i
Chdu, Kjeh cam cfla Phan Thj Vdng Anh,
Mdn tii di, LQ con hoang efla Hd Anh Thdi,
Ki sit nhin lUdng thiin eua Lgi Vdn
Long,
Cae cdy bflt truydn ngin dUdng dgi nhu
nhflng "ngudi Ifnh" xung trdn, dau tranh
khdng khoan nhupng vdi nhflng td ngn
dang diln ra ngdy cang nghidm trpng
Nguyin Minh Chdu - "ngudi ddn dudng tdi
anh vd tinh hoa" tidn phong, sac ben trong
viec chdng Igi eai Ac, edi Xdu dang hidn
hflu trong ddi sdng xd hdi Truydn ngin Cd
lau, MOa trai cdc d mien Nam 66 edp ddn
vdn dd tha hod, ngudi ignh cfla eon ngUdi
trUdc ngudi thdn vd ddng logi Chfnh ddng
tien, dia vj, danh vpng da len ldi va ehl phdi
mpi mdi quan hd, khidn con ngudi trd thdnh
ngn nhdn cfla ehfnh nd Sfl tha hoa dgo
dflc efla con ngudi dang diln ra mpi Iflc,
mpi ndi, lue thi xdm thUc do gt, lue thi nhdm
nhap ddn mdn Nd dupe vi nhu mdt thfl vi
trflng dm tham, len Idi mdt cdch tinh vi vdo
trong tflng eon ngudi, Idm thay d l l nhdn
cdch efla mdi cd nhdn Vdi tu cdch ngudi
trong cudc, Hd Anh Thai hieu "tflng ehan td
kd tdc" thd gidi cdng ehflc
Hd Anh Thai sang tac hang logt truydn
ngin phdn anh sy tha hda vd nhdn cdch,
dgo dflc cua mdt sd can bd cdng ehfle nhU
San bay Bong ma trin hinh lang, Phdng
khaeh, Chim anh chim em, Cde tae phim
nay da tdi hien rdt chan thUe nhflng gde
khudt bdn trong efla sy hdo nhoang, Ijeh sfl
cfla gidi tri thflc edng sd Hd Anh Thai dd
phdi bdy Idi sdng thuc dyng, ham danh
vpng, chgy theo vat ehdt cfla nhflng kd
hanh tidn, vi thd hp ehen ehfle, lach Idn
nhdm ed Ipt eho dupe vao phdng khaeh
cua m0t vj quydn the de gianh ed hpi gap
gidi ngogi giao, hi vpng xuat ngogi dldy chieu dai qudc khanh, tgo ed hpi thSng
quan tidn chflc (Phdng khich) Dang sau
su phd phan ay, tae gid khdng khdi ddu ng eUdi mia mai, ehua chat va nhgn ra ring ehl vi mudn ed mdt xudt di ddn "nude chign bgi", d l rdi nhflng "kd chidn thing" da d^p gilm Idn nhau, edt gianh blng dupc cai phflt gidy thanh thdi ehd may bay cat c^nti
(San bay) Chfnh ldi sdng fch kl, nhd nhen,
dd kj, d i n ddn sy ddc ae, tan nhan trong vide ddi xfl Idn nhau Vdi cudc sdng nh^n
nha, td nhgt trong vdn phdng khien hp 6i
y, soi mdi, ghen ghdt, hdn thua vdi nhau
Hp ganh dua hdn kem mpt each kjeh li§t, oan thfl, bdi nhp, ham hgi nhflng kd ghen
ghet minh, kdt cyc rdi vao bi kjeh {Chim anh chim em, Bdng ma tren hinh lang) Dim diu ding efla Nguyen Thj Thu Hu§ eflng dd edp ddn su tha hda cfla m$t s6
cdn bd ve nhan each, dgo dfle Lao thu trudng gia dflng d i u cua mdt cd quan nha nUdc phdi la ngudi gUdng mdu vd dao diJc, Idi sdng, trai Igi ehl vl ham mudn thdp h6n
md lao thfl trudng gid dd trd thdnh mdt "con
de gid" hdo sac, gid trd dot mgt vdi chfnh nhan vidn ngay ndi phdng ldm viec cCia minh: "Budi sang Dflng Iflc ldo thfl trfldng gpi tdi vdo phdng de giflp lao hodn tdt b6
hd sd edng trinh Toi dang efli lorn khom ben ban iao, thi rdt nhanh, didu luy^n nhii thao tae cfla nghe nhan lang gdm, lao tho tay vao trong vay tdi Tdi chi kjp ng6i diim Igi va ngd ngdi xudng ghd Vd eung nhanh nhu elt, ldo chdm Idn, dd nghidn tdi xu6ng Tdi vay vflng Cy Igi mpt edeh quydt ll^l nhung khdng gdo len nhflng eau phSn khang thi cfla md ra" Chflng ta cdm th^y ghe tdm trUde hdnh ddng vd luan efla lao
Trang 3thfl trudng gia ddi vdi cap dudi cfla minh
Hidn nay chflng ta dang phdi ddi mat
vdi nhflng nguy ed cua sU bang hoai cac
gia trj chudn mye dao dflc tinh than truyen
thdng, trong dd van de gay nhfle nhdi toan
xa hdi trong luan ly dgo dflc la nguy cd tan
ra efla gia dinh - cat te bao cau thanh ndn
xa hdi Nguyen Huy Thidp ddnh rieng han
mdt loat truyen ngan viet ve vdn dd ndy
nhu Tudng vd huu Nhdng ngUdi thd xe,
Khong co vua, Ddi sdng gia dinh ndu dgt
vao trong mpt bdi canh cy the, ehiu sy tae
ddng da ehidu tfl xd hdi se dan den Idi
sdng fch kl, budng thd theo tieng gpi dye
vpng thdp hen Vd trong thyc td, ddng tien
trd thanh mdt lye vgn nang, thi khdng it
ngUdi bat ehdp mpi nguydn t i c , mpi ehuan
myc dao dflc, ddu trd thdnh ke bat nhdn,
bdt nghTa eung edt d l dgt dUpc tham vpng
efla minh Chinh Idi sdng thye dyng, tham
gidu ed ma ThuJ' (Tudng vS hUu) da Ignh
Iflng, bat ehap lam mdt viee trai vdi chuan
myc cfla dgo dfle truyen thdng dan tde
Hanh ddng man rp cfla Thfly thd hidn qua
cude ddi thogi gifla dng tudng - ngUdl eha
vd dfla con trai eua minh Qua chi tidt "cde
mdu thai nhi", ngudi dpc thdt sy rflng rpn
trude ldi sdng thye dyng Thuy da bat chap
tat ed de dgt dupe tham vpng, thdm chf "an
thjt ddng logi" cua minh Khdng nhflng the,
chi vi tham ldi md Thfly cdn bat hieu vdi cd
eha mp ben chdng, s i n sang edng khai
quan diem efla minh dd'i vdi nhd ehdng:
"Hp hdng nhd anh kinh bd me" Khdng ehl
cd Thfly, dng Bong cung la mdt kd tang tan
lUdng tdm, Ignh Iflng tfnh toan khi lo dam
tang cho chj efla minh: "Mat me bd xa Idng
Ai Igi di ddng quan tai bang gd ddi bao gid!
Bao gid bde mp, cho chfl bd van".Con
ngudi khae vdi ddng vat d cho ed phin nhdn tfnh, nhUng mdt khi nd bj danh mdt, thi eon ngUdi chi cdn la mpt dpng vdt blnh dang trudc ddng logi NgUdi dpe cdn xa xdt, nghen ding hdn khi chflng kidn canh
lao Kidn (Khong co vua) sdn sang bieu
quydt xem nen de bd efla minh chdt hay tdn tgi trdn thd gian nay Tdn PhUdng Lan nhgn djnh rat chfnh xac, khi cho rang "trong khi the hd kd tidp hp (thd he sau hda binh
- BNH nhan mgnh), du dUdc nudi dUSng, giao dye theo mpt cd chd day dfl va toan dien hdn thi each lap nghiep va each xfl sfl cfla hp cung hodn todn khde Hp lao vdo cdn Ide efla ndn kinh te thi trudng mdt each bao liet, nhung trd trdu thay, khi trong tfli
hp ngng ddng tidn hdn thi trai tim hp dUdng nhu cflng ngudi Ignh hdn Sy thay ddi vd thang bleu gid trj eon ngUdi da iam thay ddi thang bieu vd hgnh phflc, tinh ydu"[1 tr.49] Ldi sdng budng tha, mat nhan tfnh edn
la nguyen nhdn gay nen su tan ra cfla gia
dinh Budng (NhUng ngUdi thd xe) id mpt ke
tha hda ve nhan each, dgo dfle BUdng cd mpt mdi dm gia dinh nhd ddn sd, hgnh phflc De dam bao cupe sdng gia dinh, Budng ddnh xa vp, xa eon Idn Tdy Ble lam thud nghe thd xe eho gia dinh dng Thuyet Tgi ddy, BUdng khdng tu ehi idm an, trai lai ham chdi, ehl nghT each treu chpc, tim each ehiem dogt thdn thd Quy con gdi lao Thuydt khi mdi mUdi bay tudi Ldi dyng be Quy hang ngdy dUa thflc an vao rflng eho nhflng ngUdi thp xe, Budng da gid trd ddi bai, thd bi vdi co be Dang hanh sU thi bj Ngpe phat hidn, ean thiep B i t qud tang nhung BUdng van khdng xau hd, hdi hdn, edn hdn nhien triet ly dd ngyy bien eho hdnh ddng thfl tfnh eua minh Qua nhflng
D16N D A N V A N N G H E VIET NAM (242) -3/2015
Trang 4cinh ti/dng Sy, ngadi doc hllu duac nhan
tinh, the thai trudc hien thiic diy bat 6n cua
xa hpi ngay nay trudc cdn suy thoai nhSn
each, dao di3c, ni nep gia phong - cdi
ngudn ciia din tdc
Su tha hda dao dUc, nhan each co nguy
cd loang bung l<hap ndi, khdng chUa mdt
ai TU ndng thdn, miSn nui den thanh thj
Ngudi ndng dSn Iin tri thUc, gidi tre lan
ngudi gia, nh^ sU, nha thd lan bpn ma cd,
budn \iu, cip trdn lan cap dudi,„ d^u cd
nguy cd trd thdnh kS dSu hang cat ac, ceii
xSu Sang sdng (Nguyen Huy Thidp) la ci
mdt thS gidi tha hoa, ci mdt bUc tranh
nhdn th^ ddng sp, ianh lung Ngay diia trS
v6 tdi va ci ngudi m? hign tdi nghiep kd
thii ac v i n khdng budng tha Chfnh tdn
cudp - kd chuyen gay ra t§i dc cung phdi
ghd sp trudc cdi dc diy da man, cudi cung
ten cudp da rung ddng trdi tim trade ngudi
m? vd dUa oon tdi nghidp ndn ra tay cUu
ngay dUa bd Cdu ndi thodt ra tU cila mi$ng
cOa ten cUdp: "Ldm viec gl eung phdi Id'y
nhdn dUc Idm dSu Trd eon Id tuong iai cCia
dd't nude dSyl", cUng vdi hdnh vi cao
thupng cUu Idy diia be da giUp Chung ta
hllu ra Chdn ly cua cudc ddi: De hieu bdn
chit cua mOt con ngudi thi edn phdi nhin
nhdn mpt cdch khdeh quan, nhdn tfnh hon
Theo hudng nay, truydn ngdn ciJa H6
Anh Thdi phdn dnh mdt each true didn d l
nhdn dien nhOng hanh vi dd tidn, bi di, thdp
hdn cIJa nhOng ki sung ngoai, hi vpng se
d6i ddi noi niem dit nao dd 6 ngoai T6
qude {Td khai visa, Vin tin vio chuyin thin
tidn); cCia nhOng cdn bp, ddng vidn thudc
mdt sd ITnh vMc xa hdi ngdy cdng xuong
edp nghidm trpng, ddc bidt vdn hoa nghg
thudt {Trai ci sSu) Trong truydn ngSn Trai
ci siu, Hd Anh Thdi da chf ra nhUng dilm
bSt cap trong ngdnh hpi hpa, didn 4nti, phdu thudt t h i m my,_ Chdn dung ciia nhiJng k^ bKt tdi, hdo danh, vd trdch ntii6m ddi vdi ngh§ thudt da dupc H6 Anh Thii phdo hpa Ddn vdi nghd thu$t, cd ngudi thuc sU cd tdi ndng, sudt cupe ddi cdng hien VI nghd thudt Nhung cung khdng it ngudi chf vi danh Ipi, tien bac, thu vui xac thit Nghe thuHt trd thanh chd trdi khiSn khong ft hpa sT, dao didn, didn vien niiu Xuan Tdc D6 Ngudi hpa sT chf "cd biet tai bidn t i t cd nhOng ngudi ddn bd tCrng len giudng vdi chdng hpa sf Dao dien Iu6n Idm nhUng cudc each mang ngUdc ddi, khdng gidng ai Thiet ke my thudt thi dem thay thuyin thung bang mdt cdi xuong thao mdy d l khdi bj "ddt gid Idn mdy tridu" Diln vien thi vUa x l u vUa bat tdi, ddng phim mOt cdch vgng v l , Idng ngdng NhOng con ngudi l y d i u trd thdnh nhOng kd tha hda v^ nhdn cdch, dao dUc SU tha hda l y phan nhilu do hodn ednh, mudn cd dupc cuOc sdng khd gid nhung lai b i t tdi, ylu du6i, kem hieu bilt Hd Anh Thdi midu td kilu ngudi ndy thim ddm ndi ehua chat, xdt xa khiln ngudi dpc vUa cam ghdt, lai vUa x6t thudng
Ngdy nay, dao li lam ngUSi dang cii nguy cd trd ndn xa ia vdi su phdt triln ciia van minh dd thj Con ngudi budc phdi thay doi minh d l thfeh nghi vdi mdi trudng sing dang biln d i i nhanh chdng, phUe tap d6, Trong hodn ednh l y eon ngUdi budc phJi iua chpn chi mtnh hdnh vi dao dUc cu thS, qua dd phim gid se dupc thim djnh m6l
cdch ro nhit Dpe truygn ngin Kich cim
ciia Phan Thj Vdng Anh, ehiing ta se bli ngd trudc xung ddt, diln biln cda thiSn
36
Trang 5truydn Su im lang den trdng ving gifla
ngudi eha vd cd con gdi qua mdt man kich
cam Ndi dung ehl xoay quanh mdt td gidy
ma ngudi eon dpe dupe, nd da bde Id het sy
phdn flng cfla cd ddi vdi thdi dgo dflc gia
cfla ngudi bo dang nhdn danh nha giao
Truydn ngan efla Dg Ngdn cung phan
dnh mdt hien thye day nhfle nhdi Od Id tinh
trgng con eai bat hieu ddi vdi bae sinh
thanh Con cai khdng iam trdn phan hidu
vdi eha me, ehl biet bdn than, sdng qua fch
kl va tham lam NgUdi dgc nghT gi khi chflng
kidn ednh dfla eon ndi vdi me efla minh qua
doan trfch: "Bd ma tudng chung con sdng
eai thud an edm eay sao? Ngfl, Ngfll Khdng
ngfl dupc ma cung nam tren giudng cho Vf
thfl khong ed md tren ddi nay, ngUdi ta bd
phd nha efla a, Dd an trdm nay song efla
vd iam thjt ma vdi may dfla nhd rdi dpn sgeh
dd a" Nhidu ngd ngdeh eua ddi sd'ng tidu
cue da dupe eae eay bflt truydn ngin dUdng
dgi phanh phui, Idm rd, vdl mdt y dd nghe
thudt la giflp eho ngudi dpc nhdn thflc dflng
bdn chat efla hien thye, efla cai ae, eai xau
dd y thflc lUa chpn thai dp sdng, ty didu
ehinh hdnh vl cho phfl hdp vdi thye tiln ddi
sdng xa hdi, vdl van hda truyen thdng cfla
ddn tdc Ddy chfnh Id thdng diep efla cae
nha van hdm nay mudn gfli den ngUdi dpe
Chang? Song song vdi vide dflng ldn eai
xdu, edi ac, eai phi dgo dflc, nhan each
mang gia trj phd phdn, thflc tinh, cdc eay
bflt truyen ngan van danh rdt nhidu tam
huydt de ngpi ea eai dgp, cai thien, cai tich
eye khde khoan - bieu tupng sang ngdi vd
dgo dflc, dao iy Nhflng hinh tupng nghe
thuat "dien hinh" cd that tfl ddi sdng nhU chj
Nidm trong Du phii sdng ft hdn efla Dg
Ngan, Len trong Col mi efla Nguyen Thj
Thu Hue, Hidu trong Nam ngO trin ghd bang efla Hd Anh Thai, nhU nhflng "diln
hinh" ngdi sang vd dgo dfle, dao iy Nhflng eon ngudi ndy chfnh la hien than cfla eai dep, eai thidn, eai my trUdng ton, bat didt d ddi, gieo mpt niem tin, hi vpng trong trdi tim bgn dpe, thip Idn ngpn Ifla ndng dm eua long nhan ai trong mdi con ngUdi Vidt vd de tdi dgo dflc xd hdi, eaC cdy but truyen ngin da the hien dupe bdn ITnh, trach nhidm cfla minh trong vide dflng ngdi but tham gia trp lue vao eude dau tranh chdng lai cai xau, cdi dc, eai phi dgo dflc, phi nhan tfnh dang dm tham dien ra trong ddi sdng xd hdi; ddng thdi khang dinh cai thien, eai dep, ngpi ea nhflng eon ngUdi hodn thidn, hodn my vd Idi sd'ng, nhdn each, dgo dfle, gdp phan xdy dUng bau khf quyen xa hdi trong lanh hdn, boi dudng tdm hdn vd b i n ITnh cho con ngudi hdm nay vd mai sau Tiep can hien thUc theo hudng nay, eae eay but truyen ngan dUdng dgi thuc su trd thdnh nhflng "chidn s f tich cue, xuat sac tren mat tran van hda, tU tUdng cfla Ddng Dung nhu cd Tdng Bf thU Nguyen Van Linh khang djnh tgi cude gap mat van nghe sy ngdy 8 thang 7 ndm 1987:
"Phdi neu Idn, phdi ve ra nhflng eon ngudi xau, vipe xau dd mpi ngUdi khinh ghet, tranh xa nhflng eai xau Lam nhu vdy khdng phai la de len an ehe dd ma de ehdng lai nhflng eon ngudi, nhflng sU viee iam trai vdi ly tudng eao dep efla chu nghTa
xa hdi" SU ddng gdp cfla 'truyen ngan dUPng dgi trdn phUdng dien dd tdi da md ra mpt hudng tidp cdn hien thyc mdi, gdp phdn vao vide md rpng de tai, Idm nen sy phong phfl va da dgng hdn trong gia tai van xudi sau ddi mdi n
D I 6 N D A N V A N N G H E V I E T N A M (242) - 3 / 2015