Ben cgnh dd, hinh dnh cdc phong trao ddu tranh cua quan chung dudi anh hudng ciia Hdi Vift Nam Cdch m ^ g Thanh nien vd Ddng Cdng sdn Ddng Duong phdt triln manh da tao thanh nhung an tup
Trang 1ANH HUVNG CUA PHONG TRAO CACH MANG OiN THAI Bd CHiNH TRI CUA TRI THUC NAM KY QUA MOT SO TAI UEU lUU TRU n030-1030]
THS HUYNH BA LQC Khoa Ljch SCF, DH KHXH & NV, DHQG-HCM
Nam Ky ho phSn hoa thanh nhila nhom khac nhau v€ nghi nghif p, hoat d9ng
va thai d9 chinh trj Trong d6, nhom tri thuc di theo con dircTng c^ch mang da gop phan to ldn vao cude dau tranh giai phong I^y nhiSn, trong nhimg hoat dpng tich circ cua minh, cung vol sue m^nh cua phong trao hg cung da tdc ddng d€n cac nhom tri thirc khac di cung gop sire dau tranh chong thnc dan Phap Su- tdc dfing nay dirgrc bpc I9 voi
nhieu hinh thue khac nhau, tir eac moi quan he, den sv ung h6 phong trao \k hoait dong
chung trSn mpt so m^t
1 Boi canh lich su the gidi vd Met Nam
(1930-1939)
Nam 1929, tCr nuoc My mpt cu6c Dai
khung hoang toan cau ve kinh te da bung no
lam dao Ipn toan bp doi song kinh te chinh tri
va trat ti^ the gioi Tai \^et Nam, Nam Ky la
thupc dia cua Phap cung roi vao khung hoang,
cac nganh kinh te nhanh chong roi vao trang
thai dinh tre, nhieu nha tu san, chu dau tu pha
san, ngucri lao dpng that nghiep Tren duong
ph6, cac ngoi nha tnioc day von la co so kinh
doanh, buon ban, bay gid nguoi ta nhin thay
nhi^u tdm bang co dong chii "Dong Duong
ngan hang", "Dia 6c ngan hang" hay "nha
cho mucm" treo phia tnioc' Nam 1932, 6 Sai
Gon CO hon 3.000 nguoi ghi ten di an com
quan thdt nghi?p^ Trong khi do, nhimg nguoi
thit nghi?p a Phap da giri nhieu don xin vi$c
din thupc dja tao nen sue ep cang Ion doi vdi
nguoi tri thurc a Nam Ky
V^ phia Chinh phu Phap, tii nam 1929 da
thuc hi?n cdc chmh sach thupc dia theo ki^u
hai mat de co gdng duy tri an ninh va dam bao
quyen Ipi, sv cai tri cua chinh quyen thuc dan Phap thuc hien kiem soat va dpc quyen kinh
te t^i thupc dia Ben canh do la cac quy dinh siet ch^t chinh tri, thang tay dan dp cdc phong trao dau tranh, cam lap hpi, tang cuong kiem duyet ngon luan
Nhimg chinh sach chinh tri nhu the con xuat phdt tir noi so hai "cpng san" cua thuc dan Toan quyen Pasquier da c6 Cong dien s6
1614 ngay 05/6/1930 luu y cac Tinh truong v8
"hpa cpng sdn" va nhac nhd cac Tinh truong
' tdm quan trpng Id ddnh gid dung muc tai
hpa sdu rpng vd tinh chdt nghiem trpng thuc
su cua "chu nghia cpng sdn"^
Tuy nhien, do nhimg nguy co cua Dai chidn the gidi, Phdp bupc phai thuc hien nhung chinh sdch noi rpng Dai khung hoang vdd nguy co ddn den chu nghia phdt xit va chien tranh tren toan the gioi cung tao nen mpt 51^ hoa hoan giua cdc nuoc chii nghia tu ban va Lien X6 Trong khi do 6 Viet Nam, thai ky nay nhieu tri thiic quan tam hon dSn cdc tang lop nhan dan va co nhung thay ddi v^
Van thu - Lun trur Viet Mam s^ 11/3015
Trang 2quan di^m each mang Nam 1934 Phan Van
Hum viSt tren td Phu nu Tan van so 247, bai
Nghe nhut trinh cdm thdn; "ngdy trudc ngudi
trong nude cdn it nghe thdy, thdi nhut trinh
cdn ddnh mdt cdi gipng "diu dat qudc ddn lin
dudng van minh tdn bp" Lan lan phong trdo
ddn tdi, loi cu6n cd lop ddn anh do xu6ng khoi
tuong dai ciia minh Lap ke theo, het rpi duoc
van minh, hit soi dudng tdn bp, ma chi vua
theo cai due vpng cua qudc dan"'* Cung tu
cudi nhiing nam 1920, Nguyen An Ninh bdt
dau chuyen sang mac trang phuc truyen thdng
trong cac hoat ddng Cdc tri thiic khdc ciing
xich lai gan nhau vd xich l^i gdn vdi nong dan
nhu Nguyin Van Tao, Ta Thu Thau, Phan
Van Hum, Nguyin Van Nguyen Van hpc
ngh^ thuat, bao chi ciing tim thay d ndng thdn,
nong dan nhihig de tai nong hoi, tich cue Cdc
to chiic chdng Phdp tim kiem vd thiet lap co
sd ciia minh trong long qudn chdng
2 Ddng C$ng san Ddng Dmmg va con
dirfnig t|p hgp tri thirc
Mpt sd chu truang ciia Ddng Cpng sdn
Dong Duong
Dang Cpng sdn Ddng Duong ra ddi, ngay
tir dau da xac l^p nhiing quan diem each mang
tao dieu kifn titp hpp luc lupng qudn chung
nhan dan Nhirng npi dung dudi day tap trung
phdn tich mdt sd quan diem ciia td chiic nay
da tac dpng din dpi ngii tri thiic Nam Ky
Ve cong tac tuyen truyen Dang Cpng sdn
Ddng Duong khang dinh "cdc bdo ciia Ddng
la nhitng ca quan liin Igc cug Ddng vdi qudn
chung lao khd"K 6 Nam Ky cd cdc td bdo
nhu: Tiln Phong (L'Avant garde), Nhan dan
(Le peuple), Vipt Dan, Phd thdng, Lao Ddng,
Mdi, Ddng Phuang, Dan chung^ Xii uy Nam
Ky cung xuit ban td Tap chi Cpng sdn va dn
pham Ph6 thdng Cdng sdn Tung tho, bao Cd
do' va hang chuc quyin sdch nhd vao nhiing
ngay ky niem dd hay cd viec quan trpng xay
ra Cac co quan lanh dao dja phuang ciing diu
cd bao cua co quan minh
Chu truang thii hai: Ddng Cpng sdn Dong Duong cd vai trd quan trpng ddi vdi tri thiic
la quan diem ve luc lupng each mang Ngay tii Sdch lupc van tdt (1930), Ddng xac dinh:
"Ddng phdi hit site liin Igc vdi tieu tu sdn, tri thirc, trung nong, Thanh Nien Tdn Vi^t v.v di keo hp di vdo phe v6 sdn giai cdp"^
Cung tu nam 1930, trong Cdng dien sd 1614 (05/6/1930) cua Toan quyen Ddng Duong gui cdc xii cd xac dinh rang Dang Cpng sdn Ddng
Duong da "loi keo phdn ldn tdng lap tieu tu
sdn dung vephia to chirc cua Ddng chong Igi chd nghia tu bdn"'^
Trong nhiing muc tieu dau tranh, Dang Cdng san Ddng Duong ciing quan tdm din nhiing vai de dan chii nhu quyen tu do ngon ludn, tu do hdi hpp, nii quyen Cu the nhu vl vSn
dl nii quyen, hdu het cdc tmyen don cdch mang cua dang thdi ky 1930-1931 ve phu nir diu co
ndi dung nhu: "1 Quyen ddn bd ngang ddn dng,
2 Phdn ddi cha me ep gd, 3 Phdn ddi che do nhiiu va, 4 Ddnh dd hd tuc khinh thi dan bd "'" Bin cgnh do, hogt dpng dau tranh nghi truong ciing duac quan tdm Chi thi cua Ddng Id: "v6 luan la cupc tuyin cir gi, Ddng ta cd thi tham gia duac la nin tham gia " (1937)"
Nhd nhiing quan diem ddu tranh rpng mo nhu vgy, Ddng Cpng sdn Ddng Duong khong chi cd dnh hudng trong giai cap cdng nhSn, ndng dan ma ddn dan, Ddng cdn cd siic lan rpng dnh hudng trong dpi ngu tri thirc Phan
Trpng Quan, mpt trong nhung ngudi tri thiic
cpng san dau tien cua Nam Ky phdt bieu: "te«
tudi dudng loi euu nude, ciru ddn cita ddng
da nhanh chdng chinh phi^c dupe trdi tim khoi
dc hdng tri4u con ngudf*^^ Nha nghiSn ciiru
Nguyin Van Trung nh^n xet them: "Ddng
Trang 3Cdng sdn dd di xa hon cdc ddng quoc gia
d chd dd di ra mpt ehu nghia hdn hoi, mpt
dudng ldi tranh ddu ro rif"*^
Ben cgnh dd, hinh dnh cdc phong trao ddu
tranh cua quan chung dudi anh hudng ciia Hdi
Vift Nam Cdch m ^ g Thanh nien vd Ddng
Cdng sdn Ddng Duong phdt triln manh da tao
thanh nhung an tupng ldn ddi vdi tri thiic liic
bdy gid, trd thdnh ngudn cd vii cho nhiiu lop
tri thuc tiep tiic dan than theo con dudng ddu
tranh Tu 1925 trd di, cdng nhdn da lien tuc
ndi day Trong nhiing nam 1928-1930, phong
trdo ram rd den ndi bao Thdn Chung phdi thdt
len: "Bdy gid din ngudi ngheo khd ldm chinh
fr/"'* Td bdo Cdng Luan tai Sai Gdn ciing
nhan xet ve phong trdo 1930-1931: " khdng
phdi Id mpt viec bien chuyin tdm thudng, md
Id mdt cupc van dpng cdch mgng ldn lao"^^
Ngodi ra, cac vu an cdch mang ldn trong thdi
ky ndy da tao ra nhieu tieng vang va ddu an
Chi trong mpt thdi gian ngan, ngudi ta da
chiing kien den bdn vu dn ldn thudc ve cdc td
chuc cdch m ^ g : vy dn Yen Bdi cua Viet Nam
Qudc Ddn Ddng Vu dn ndy trd thanh mdt chii
de duoc gidi thieu, phan tich tren nhieu bao
Sai Gdn; v\i dn "vu dn Ngd Gia Tu vd ddng
bpn " (1933) duoc bdo chi luc bdy gid gpi Id
"phiin tda khong lo", mot vu dn gay chdn
dpng du ludn trong nude vd thi gidi'^; vu dn
dudng Babier Id mdt vu an li6n quan din nhieu
td chuc tCr Hpi Viet Nam Cdch mang Thanh
nien din Hpi kin Nguyin An Ninh, Viet Nam
Quoc Ddn Ddng, Tan Viet Cdch m ^ g Dang;
vu dn Ddng Cpng san Ddng Duong nam 1933
kit an 119 ngudi" Ngodi ra, nliilu su kien
ndi tiing khdc ciing tdc dpng sdu sac din cdng
l u ^ Nam Ky nhu cupc mit tinh tai san banh
"Ngdi sao Gia Dinh" do Phan Bdi diln thuylt
va Ly Tu Trpng bj bdt, bi xu tu hinh dl lai cau
ndi ndi tieng cho thanh nien; Cupc bieu tinh
ngay 04/6/1930 d ba qudn Diic Hda, Hoc Mdn
va Trung quan Chp Ldn vdi su hy sinh ciia Chdu Vdn Liem, mdt thdy gido each mang, mdt nhdn vat quan trpng ciia Ddng Cpng sdn Ddng Duong tai Nam Ky Nhung su kipn do
da kich thich tinh thdn manh me khdng chi ddi vdi nhung ngudi each m ^ g ma cdn trong cd tri thuc duong thdi
Cdc phong trdo ddu tranh tieu biiu tir
1930 din 1939 tgi Nam Kp
Tu nam 1930 din 1939, phong trdo each mang da bung nd vdi mOt sd hogt ddng tieu bieu sau:
Tren khia canh bdo chi, tieng ndi cua td La Lutte thyrc s^c la nhung ddn tdn cdng true dien vao che dp thuc dan vd cdc chinh sdch ciia nd Nam 1935 Thdng ddc Nam Ky viet vl td La Lutte: "nd dupe truyin tir tay ngudi nay sang ngudi Ida, va khi can, dupe gidi thich mi^ng cho tung nhdm nhd"'^ Cung vi Thdng ddc nay viet: "nd cdn de dpa phat triln trong gidi cpng su ngudi bdn dia lam viec trong cdc ca quan hdnh chinh vd cdc xi nghiep tu nhan"'' Mat khdc, ngudi Phdp ciing nhdn djnh "tdt cd cdc bao bdn dja deu hang say bude vdo cupc chien, theo sau td La Lutte"^" Nhdn djnh tuy
cd tinh cudng dieu hda nhung da thuc su phan dnh khdng khi chinh tri ciia cdc bdo qudc ngu
d Sai Gdn luc bdy gid Ten tudi nhirng td bdo
va nhd bao se d ^ ddn xuat hi?n trong cac phong trao va hanh ddng tu day trd vl sau Den td bao La Lutte sd 63 ra ngay 07/12/1935, thuc ddn Phdp da tdn cdng nhdm khi cho rdng bdo cd tinh chdt phdn loan Ngay
27/12/1935, Thdng ddc Nam Ky yeu cdu "tich
thu td bdo ndi trin bdt cir noi ndo nhin thdy",
va "cdc biin bdn ve quyin sir dmg da duac
lap, niim phong vd chuyin cho Chudng ly Vien Kiem sdt, di truy td, niu duac, co the truy to nhirng ngudi phdn phdt, tdng trir vd
Trang 4bdn td bdo ndi trin"^' Cdng dien sd 1311-C
(28/12/1925) cua Thdng ddc Nam Ky da yeu
c5u cac don vi kilm sodt vd thdng bao cho
Thong ddc tat cd cdc thu din hoac di cua bdy
thanh vien bdo La Lutte, gdm Ta Thu Thau,
Tran Van Thach, Nguyin Van Tao, Duong
Bach Mai, Le Van Thii, Phan Van Hum,
Nguyen An Ninh^ Hp ldm diiu nay \\ "muc
dich trdn dp cdc dm muu vd hdnh ddng phd
hogi an ninh edng cdng, gay ra cdc vu xung
dpt chinh tri, tgo nin long hdn thii chinh phu
Phdp vd chinh quyen bdo hp ldm theo cdc
ehi thi eua mdt so ngudi d nude ngodi"^^
Tren hoat dpng ddu tranh nghj trudng,
Ipi dung nhimg quy che ciia xii thudc dia nhu
Nam Ky nhimg ngudi cdng san da chu truong
phdt dpng phong trdo ddu tranh cdng khai,
hpp phdp thdng qua cdc cupc van ddng nghi
tmdng Ldn ddu tien, dd la cupc van dpng bdu
cii Hpi ddng thanh phd Sdi Gdn nam 1933
vd tiep dd Id cupc bdu cir nam 1935 Nhung
thdnh vien tieu bieu duoc dua ra de ling cii
Hpi dong nhu Nguyen Van Tao, Ta Thu Thau,
Duong Bach Mai, Trdn Van Thach Tu day,
trong Hdi ddng thdnh phd khdng chi cd su
hi$n dien cua nhung tri thiic cdng san ma da
dien ra cac cupc tranh luan giiia nhung ngudi
theo nhieu xu hudng khac nhau Nhdn dan lao
dpng ciing the hien dupe tiing ndi cdng khai
thdng qua cac dai bieu cua hp, qua dd thiic day
qudn chiing tien len tren con dudng ddu tranh
chdng che dp thudc dia
Mpt phong trdo tieu bieu diln ra vdo nam
1936 la phong trao Ddng Duong Dai hdi
Phong trao do Ddng Cdng sdn Ddng Duong
Cling cac nhdm tri thiic d Nam Ky chu truang
phat ddng nhdm thu thap nguy?n vpng cua
quan chiing nhan ddn, gui tdi phai doan cua
Qudc hpi Phdp sang diiu tra vl Ddng Duong
Vl ngudi de xudt phong trao, tac gid Trdn
Van Gidu cho rang "sdng kien do do Nguyen
An Ninh dua ra trudc tiin"^* Nguyin An Ninh
da viet nhieu bdi bdo tren La Lutte keu gpi thuc hien mdt Ddng Duong Dai hdi Trong khi
dd, Nguyin Van Tao viet "Mat trdn binh dan Phap vdi nguyen vpng cua qudn chiing Dong Duong" (Xa hpi Tung tho cua nhdm La Lu-tte xudt ban) Thdng 8/1936, Dang Cpng san Ddng Duong cd thu ngd giri den cdc td chuc, l\rc lupng dau tranh keu gpi thuc hien Dong Duong Dai hdi Thu viet: "sin sdng lien hi?p
de hanh ddng chung vdi hdt thdy mpi ngu6i lao dpng, tieu tu sdn, tri thdc, tu sdn thuoc bit
ky ndi gidng, tdn gido, giai cdp ndo tdn thanh nguyen tac trieu tap Ddng Duong Dai hpi"" Ngay sau nhiing ldi keu gpi, mpt phong trdo dien ra nhanh chdng va rdm rd, thu hut hdu het cdc tdng lop nhdn ddn tham gia, d|c bi?t Id tri thiic Phong trdo cdn lan rpng ra din Bac Ky va Trung Ky nhung van manh nhat cr Nam Ky U*dc tinh Nam Ky cd den 600 Uy ban Hdnh ddng cdc noi Nhdn thdy tan anh hudng cua phong trdo, chinh quyen thudc dja
da thuc hien cdc chien dich ngan chan Den ngay 27/9/1936, Phdp lai tiln hdnh bdt Ta Thu Thdu, Nguyin An Ninh, ngdy 03/10/1936 b^t Nguyin Van Tao hdng bop chet phong trao Trong tmh hmh dd, ngdy 30/9/1936, Duong Bach Mai sang Phdp de thdng bdo vdi chinh qudc ve tinh hinh dang dien ra d Nam Ky Tu ngdy 24/10/1936, ba ngudi Tao - Ninh - Thau bdt ddu tuyet thuc Ngay 05/11/1936, Phap bupc tra tu do cho ba dng
Song song phong trdo Ddng Duong Dai hpi, cdc hoat ddng ddu tranh vi ddn sinh, dan chii ciing dupe ddy manh Dang Cpng san Ddng Duong tich cue chi dao tiip tuc cupc dau tranh cdng khai tren linh vuc bdo chi d Nam
Ky, cd bao chi P h ^ ngir va Qudc ngir thdng qua cdc bdo nhu L'Avant Garde (sd ddu ngay
Trang 529/5/193 7), bdo Le Peuple vd ddc biet Id td Dan
chung (ra sd ddu tien ngdy 22/7/1938), ra ddi
md khdng chd su cho phqj cua chinh quyen
thuc dan vdi danh nghia Id "ca quan lao ddng
vd ddn chiing" Nguyen Ai Quoc da vilt trong
"Bdo cao giri Ban Chdp hdnh Qudc te cdng
san": "tdi nghi rdng Ddn chiing cUng Id td bdo
duac nhieu ngudi dpc nhdt d Ddng Dirang"^^
Ngodi ra, Ddng Cpng san Ddng Duong
Cling tich cue chi dao ddy manh cac hoat dpng
cdng khai nham tranh thu nhung diiu kipn cua
tinh hinh nhu cupc bdu cii Hdi ddng Qudn hat
nam 1939, ddu tranh ddi thd chinh trj pham,
ddi quyen tu do dan chu, lap Hdi qudn chung,
bay td nguyen vpng qua cdc cupc ddn rude
nhu phong trdo ddn J Godart, cupc ddn tiep
Juies Brevie Cdc cupc ddu tranh ddi cdi thien
ddn sinh nhu thue khda, dieu kien lao ddng,
ludt lao dpng, giai quyet ddi sdng cho ndng
dan khd khan, thien tai, ddu tranh ddi cdi thien
ddi s6ng binh linh, chi dp giao due, ddu tranh
chdng trd lai hiep udc 1884, tir do keu gpi
thdng nhdt qu6c gia
3 Tri thirc phi Mdc xit vd mot s6 boat
dpng tren ITnh vuc ddn chu
Nhiing ngudi trong nhdm tri thiic phi
Mac xit dupe nghien ciiu trong bdi viet la
nhiing ngudi tri thdc yen nude nhung cd
thdi dp dn hda - trung lap Vi nhimg ly do
nhu nghi nghipp, cude sdng, than phdn, tinh
each, quyin Ipi nen hp khdng vupt qua dupe
nhiing gidi h ^ cua ho^t ddng chuyen mdn,
khdng bude din dupe vdi thdi dp cua mpt tri
thiic cdch mang Nam 1930 Trudng Chmh da
nhdn djnh vl hp trong tac phdm Cdch mgng
ddn tpc ddn chu nhdn ddn: "tu sdn ddn tpc
vd tiiu tu sdn tri thirc Vi^t Nam tim thdy trong
chu nghia ldng mgn mpt tiing thd ddi chdng
chi dp thupc dfa"^^ Trdn Van Gidu cung nhdn
xet: "di hpc nhu tdi, nhieu ngudi cUng yiu
nude, nhung hp vdn hpc nhu thudng vd tra thdnh ky su, bdc si co tiing tdm, gidu cd
md vdn di theo cdch mgng Dd Id mot cdch gidi quyit Thuc ra do cUng la mot thdi dp de giii vOng quyin loi cd nhdn, gia dinh"^^
Ddi vdi nhdm dn hda - trung lap, thdi dp thudng thdy ciia hp la trdnh ne nhung van de chinh trj, khdng dam len tiing ddu tranh chdng chi dp thupc dia Vi dy nhu thdi dd cua cdc nha bao trong nhung td bao tieng Vi?t Hpa chang Idu Idu mdi xudt hien mpt trudng hpp cd biet, nhung rdi ciing sdm bi dap tat Dieu ndy dupe
nhd su hpc Daniel Hemery nhan xet: "lich sir
cdc td bdo tiing Vi4t dudi thdi thifc ddn Id mpt chuoi nhung giai dogn phdn khdng ngdn ngiii, giira hai giai dogn Id mpt thdi gian ddi phdng Igng ( ) Bdo chi Qudc ngii ndi chung Id "phi chinh tri"^^, ( ) Mac dau cdc cdy but ddc lap
cd gdng kien tri, phai ndi la bdo chi Quoc ngu
bj khda mieng vl mat chinh trj" Ngudi Phap cung n h ^ xet vl xu hudng chinh tri cua Phu
nii Tan van: "nhd nhiiu ldn cdnh cdo, tgp chi
ndy dd tif hgn chi minh vdo chuong trinh gido due phu nir cua minh "^" Tren Trung Lap sd
ngdy 25/4/1933, Nguyen An Ninh cdn td ra thdt vpng vdi bdo Qudc ngu Nam Ky-" Tuy nhien cd the thdy, ddi Iiic, nhdm tri thirc ndy da dung cdm diing ben canh nhung ngudi ddu tranh Nhu hp dam nhdn xet Huynh
Thuc Khdng la ngudi "mpt ddng ldm dgi biiu
cho cdi tu cdch ngang cudng, cao thupng"
khi dng tir chdc \^en trudng Vipn Ddn bilu Trung Ky (1926), cdn Nguyin Thira D^t Id
ngudi "mpt ddng dgi bieu cho cdi tu each
bi Idu, di hen"^^ khi nham chiic Vien trudng
Vien Ddn bieu Bdc Ky Hay trong muc Y kiln ciia chiing tdi ddi vdi thdi su, bdo Phu nii Tdn
van viet: "Chiing tdi tudng rang cupc tri an
d day md bi rdi logn, chdng nhirng gi md tgi bpn cpng sdn, tgi mdy Id truyin don, tgi mdy
Trang 6trdi tgc dgn, ndi tdm lai la chdng nhiing tgi
bpn Nguyin Thdi Hpc vd Phd Due Chinh md
thdi, md phdn nhiiu tgi sir bdo lut ddi kem, tgi
dudng sanh hogt mdc md khd khdn md ra vdy
Nguyin nhdn aia vi4c ldm rdi tii an cUng bdi
dd md ra"^\ Mpt sd bdi bao tren td Phu Phu
nir Tdn Van cung cho thdy xu hudng yeu nude
cua nhom tri thiic nay, nhu bdi "Mot ngdy ky
niem ma it ai nhd: dng Nguyin Hue danh
Tau" (ciia Bang Tam Nir sT, so 40), bdi "Cupc
van dpng tham chdnh cua dan bd cdc nude Au
My" (sd 41), bai "Nir anh himg, td each mang
nude ta Hai Chi Em Bd Tnmg" (sd 42), bai
"Thdnh Gandhi vd cupc van ddng ddc lap cua
nude An Dp hdi ndy" (ciia Thanh Nhdn, sd
45), bdi "Cupc phy nii van ddng d nude Triiu
Tien" tren Phy nu Tdn Van (ciia P.K, sd 188)
4 lyi thiic phi Mdc xit tham gia hoat
d$ng chinh tri dirdi anh hudng cua cac
phong trdo cdch mang
Chinh vi tinh chdt chinh trj cua nhdm tri
thirc nay nhu v^y nen khi chju dnh hudng ciia
phong trdo, nhin thdy tryc dien cdc hinh dnh
dSu tranh cua cdc tri thdc each mang, mpt bp
phdn ciia nhdm ndy da duoc khich le va cd
nhiing chuyen bien ve thdi dp Hp ddn manh
me hon, ddm len tieng hon trong cdc vdn de
chinh tri, tir ddn tpc den ddn chu Hp cung san
sang bude vao cdc hoat dpng mot each tich
eye, sdi ndi Chinh ngay trong cude van ddng
bdu cir Hpi dong thdnh phd Sai Gdn nam 1933,
td Trung Lap ciia Trdn Thien Qui da ung hd
trd thanh eo quan van dpng cho Sd Lao ddng
Din noi Thong ddc Nam Ky phdi vilt thu cho
Toan quyen ddi nit gidy phep td bao nay vi da
tap hpp cac lye lupng vd sdn d Sdi Gdn Td
Phu nu Tdn van thi tham gia vdo cupc tranh cir
Hpi ddng tiidnh phd vdi tu each ngudi "quan
sdt vien" Tuy nhien td bao da md cupc diiu
tra va dua len mat bao viec nhung thanh vien
Ddng Lap hien cd lien quan ve tdi chinh thieu minh b^h Tdc gid Nguyen Him Hiep cho rang viec ndy cd the cd lien quan den bdo bj dinh bdn vao nam 1934"
Cling tir dd, nhiing tieng ndi chinh trj cua bdo chi Qudc ngir ngay cdng manh vd lan rpng ddn Nhung tri thiic cua bdo La Lutte, vdi nhung boat ddng quylt liet, dung cdm, khdng met mdi da dua chiic ndng truyen bd chmh tri trd thanh chiic nang tmng tdm cua La Lutte
Daniel Hemery da ndi den dieu nay: bang su
cat vdn thudng xuyin La Lutte phd vdsuddng thudn vdi nhirng sdc thdi khdc nhau cua bdo chi cdng khai trin vdn de che dp thuc ddn, no thay the sir phi phdn le ti timg vu vi4e bdng
su phe phdn co tinh h4 thdng vd ly ludn; ( ); mat khdc La Lutte ldm thay doi cue dien bdo chi Vi4t Nam, bupc cdc td bdo khdc, ke cd cdc
td chong cdng nhu La Depeche, I 'Impartial,
La Tribunne Indochinoise phdi cdng khai
de cgp tdi hogt dpng cua nhirng ngudi cpng sdn, hp phdi ddng Igi cd nguyin bdn nhiing truyin don tieng Vi4t dupe rdi d Sdi Gon; La Lutte cdn dinh hudng, thuc ddy hp phdn ddi chi dp kiim duy4t, ddi quyin tu do bdo chi Thiie gii^ic hp dut khodt chpn lua thi dimg, tir
do thdnh lap mpt hgt nhdn bao gom nhirng td bdo ddc lap, ddy duoc xem nhu Id vai trd gian tiip chi dgo chinh tri vdi bdo chi Sdi Gdn; La Lutte da ldm duac nhimg gi md bdo chi cap tiin ndm 1925 thdt bgi^^
Ngodi ra, nam 1935, d Bac Lieu, Tham bien phdi khd chju khi thdy nhdm tri thuc dja phuang, dudi dnh hudng cua phong trao, to
ra minh cd bdn p h ^ bdo ve ngudi kem the, tao nen khdi chdng Phap trong Hpi ddng Dia hat'^ Ndm 1936, mpt hpc sinh trudng Petrus
Ky da lien h? Nguyin Van Nguyen dl xin day cho hpc sinh trudng mdt khda hpc ve each mang Anh ta cdn Id ngudi mang 20 td La
Trang 7Lu-tte mdi ldn ve cho hpc sinh cua trudng ndy^'
Nam 1937, hpc sinh trudng Petrus Ky ddu
tranh thu thap chu ky vao ban kiln nghj len dn
thdi dp ky thj chiing tpc ddi vdi hpc sinh Viet
Nam cua mpt sd gido su ngudi Phdp^^ Cung
nam, Toan quyin Ddng Duong giii Thdng tri
sd 87 Y.P ngdy 03/4/1937 cho Thdng ddc Nam
Ky, chi thi: "mpt sd su kiin gdn ddy chimg
minh trong mot vdi trudng hpc cda chiing ta
cd mpt sir sdi dpng, may thay con ndng ndi,
nhtmg phdi ngdn chgn"^^
Phong trdo Ddng Duong Dai hpi la mpt su
kien cd tinh dpng vien tri thiie manh me Bdc sT
Nguyin Van Tdn ling hd nhdm La Lutte nhiet
tinh, td Ddn Quyen trd thanh co quan ngdn
ludn rieng vilt bdng tiing Vipt ciia lanh dao La
Lutte va da the hien thdi dp chdng Phdp mdt
each kjch liet^ Ngay 29/8/1936, ba gido vien
trudng Qudc Bieu bieu tinh vd cd y djnh chiim
trudng Trinh Dinh Thdo nhu la mdt cd vdn
phdp ly ciia Dang Cong sdn Ddng Duang vd
nhdm La Lutte, nhdm Dan chung Bdc sT Tran
Quang De, khi kham cho Nguyin Van Tao
nam 1937 da ghi benh dn: berth tim bSm sinh**
dl hdnh cho Nguyin Van Tao khdi bj tra tdn
Nhu vdy, nhu ngudi Phap nhdn dinh:
"mdt phdn ddn chiing bdn dia da thay ddi quan
diem theo cac giai doan khac nhau ciia cupc
bieu tinh Duoc ddng vien, khuyin khich bdng
nhung bai viet tren cac td bao Viet vd bdo Phdp,
nhung ngudi ban dja, hoac vi lo so, hoac vi nhu
nhupe, da timg rat dung dung vdi hdnh dpng
ciia nhdm La Lutte, gid den lupt hp bi thuylt
phyc vi nhimg ngudi tuyet thyc" Ciing tiieo
bdo cdo tren, ngay 22/11/1936, t^i nhd hdng
Nguyen Van Dac, cd khodng 40 ngudi aia cdc
ky gid ngudi Viet da td chuc tiec chieu dai ba
nhdn vat ciia nhdm La Lutte (khi hp dupe trd ty
do - tac gid), trong dd cd nhung ngudi la bien
t^p vien chu chdt cdc bdo Viet Nam, Dude Nhd
Nam, Sai Gdn, Dien Tin, Cdng ludn, Mai Cudi
budi tiec, Trdn Thien Qm, Phd Chu tjch H0i
ky gid da bieu duang hdnh ddng cua nhdm ba ngudi Nguyen An Ninh da nhan djnh ve dieu
ndy (1936): "va chinh phu nggc nhiin trudc
viec nhiing ngudi tri thirc ngay that bude theo cdch mgng Id vi cdch mgng hira hen vdi hp mpt
xd hpimd ddo nhdn phdm sedupc tdn trpng vd
se duac gidi phdng, vd chi cd trong cupc tranh ddu trudc sau nhu mpt chong Igi cdc thi luc
dp buc thi hp mdi tim duoc su che chd nhdn phdm cho hp*'^^ Chinh quyen thudc dia ciing
nhdn dinh dung ve khdng khi bdo chi liic bdy gid (du sai lech ve tmh than khi cho rdng ly do
ciia dieu ndy la ndi so): "thdi dp cua cdc td bdo
viet bdng Quoc Ngu khdng nhiing, khong bao gid ddm - ngogi trii bdo Duoc Nhd Nam vd Luc tinh, md thdi dp chinh tri rdt ddng luuy, ludn lo
so ldm phdt y cdc dpc gid khdng co bdt cii mpt hdnh dpng phi phdn nhd ndo ddi vdi nhung ngudi cdng sdn hpp phdp, md hp tan dung cdc dip di ca tung hp mpt cdch kin ddd"^ Td Sai
Gdn (ciia Biit Tra) ciing viet ldi gidi thieu vd the hien su mong dpi doi vdi Ddn Chiing^'
Sy quan tdm den chinh trj pham cung hpc
Ip sy dnh hudng ve thdi dp ciia nhdm tri thiic each mang Khi keu gpi thdnh lap Mat trdn Binh ddn, Ddng Cdng sdn Ddng Duong neu khdu hieu "todn xd tdt cd chinh tri pham", trong dd chu dong dl xudt trd ty do cho nhiing ngudi nhu Tao, Mai, Nmh, Nguyin, Thdu Trong budi hpp ciia Td chuc Lien hihi bdo gidi (A.J.A.C) vl vdn dl ndy (13/8/1936), Nguyin Van Trdn (td Le Peuple) phdt bilu yeu cdu A.J.A.C len tiing Trong khi dd, liic ndy Nguyin Van Sdm (bdo Viet Nam) vdi tu each hdi trudng phat bieu rdng "diiu ndy cd tmh cdch chdnh trj, md ldm chdnh tri khdng phdi Id chuyen ciia A.J.A.C"'^ Cupc hpp cd khodng 400 ngudi bao gdm nhd bdo, cdng
Vdn thu - Luu t r u Viet Nam s6 11/2015
Trang 8chirc, thanh nien, hpc sinh^^ Thi nhung, dudi
sy kien quylt vd tinh thdn cua nhdm La
Peu-ple (Nguyin Van Trdn tuyen bd niu A.J.A.C
khdng lam tiii bdo Le Peuple va cdc bao khdc
se ldm) tili trua ngdy 10/9/1938, Doan Dai
bilu bdo gidi Nam Ky gdm Breten, Nguyin
Van Ciia, Nguyen Van Sam, Tran Thien Qui,
Le Trung Can (Dien tin), Biit Trd da gap
Thdng ddc Pages bdy td y djnh keu gpi an
xa'" Han thi, khi chinh quyin nit gidy phep
ciia bdo Ddn (Juyin va bdo Sdi Gdn (trong
8 ngdy) nhdm cho nhimg phdn ling cua bdo
qudc ngu trd nen "nhe nhang han"^' thi ngay
lap tiic td Nghe Thdy ciia Phan Bd Lan dupe
mpt e kip ciia bdo Ddn Quyen thue lai, gdm
Tmcmg Duy Todn vd cdc cdng sy, cung vdi
Nguyen Van Nguyin bdt dau chien djch tdn
cdng ciia minh Ngdy 01/10/1936, mdt bdi bdo
vdi tya de "Cii ddm", hp viet: "Bdi chinh phu
khdng muon chung ta ldm chinh tri bdng con
ngudi nghiem tuc, vay chung ta se ldm ehinh
tr\ bdng cdch dixa cat"^^
Cho den cudi nam 1936, nhieu td bdo cdn
cd thai dp tham dd nhung tii ndm 1937, hp
da bat dau viet nhieu bdi viet cd xu hudng
dau tranh vd tap trung vdo cdc khau hieu, chu
tmong dau tranh cua Dang Cdng sdn Ddng
Duong" Bdo Dipn tin ngdy 14/01/1937 da
dua tin vl phong trao ddn J Brevie mdt cdch
tich eye, td bao ndy n h ^ dinh sd lupng dan
chiing tham gia "cd le xdp xi hai ldn" so vdi
cupc ddn rude Godard tnrdc dd^" Huynh
VSn Tieng thi ke rang: "lye lupng hpc sinh
chiing tdi dupe ldi cudn vdo phong trao nay
(Ddng Duong Dai hdi - tac gia) mdt each ty
gidc"" Chinh Nguyin Van Nguyin, Hd Huy
Giap da gpi y cho Huynh Van Tiing va ban
he thdnh lap Cau lac bd hpc sinh - S.C.O.L.A
Club vdi "muc dich phdt ddng phong trdo bdi
dudng sue khde vd tinh thdn yeu nude cho
hpc sinh "^^ Cdu lac bd nay cd sd thdnh vien
len 3.000 hpc sinh, tdn tai dupe mdt tfiang thi Phdp cam Nguyin Van Sdm, Dipp Vdn Ky
bj true xudt khdi Nam Ky ndm 1939 ciing vdi nhiiu tri thiic cdch mang khdc"
Nhiing dnh hudng trSn tdt nhien vdn chi dimg lai d mpt bd phdn nhd vd chua hoan todn giac ngd dupe cdc xu hudng tri thiic khdc Hdi nghj Ddng Cpng sdn Ddng Duong ngay 30/3/1938 tai Tdn Thdi Nhdt nhdn djnh:
"dnh hudng cda Ddng co lan rpng trong qudn chung" nhung "con dudng chinh tri ciia cdc bdo chi cdn cd dpc nin chua keo duoc nhiing tdng lop rdng tri thuc, tiiu tu sdn, tu sdn cdp tiin sang phe binh ddn"^*
Ket luan Nhu vdy cd the thay, bdng nhiing hoat dpng vd hinh anh cua minh, nhiing tri thiic cdch mang (dac biet la nhung ngudi ho?t dpng cdng khai) da trd thanh ngudn dpng vien cua rdt nhieu tri thuc khac tiln them tren con dudng bdy td thdi dp chinh trj ciia minh, tham gia vdo cac phong trdo chung, du cdn han che
Chu tbich:
1 Tran Van Giau, Triin B?ch Ding, Nguylti C6ng Binh (chii bien, 1988), Dja chi Van hoa Thanh ph6 H A Chi Minh, Tap I: Ljch sii, Tp Ho Chi Minh, trang 297
2 Tran Van Giau, Trin B^ch Ding, Nguyen Cong Binh (chu bien, 1988), Sdd, t?p 1, trang 297
3 Dan lai Baa C h i p hanb Dang b$ TP HCM (2014), L|cb su Ding bQ Thanh pb6 H6 Chi Mmh, NXB CTQG, Ha Npi, trang 94
4 Phy nir Tan Van, s6 247, trang 14
5 Ddng Cgng san Vi?t Nam (1999), V5n ki?n Dang loan l§p, t9p 3, NXB CTQG, trang 13
6 Trdn Van Giip, Nguyen Tu&ng Phupng, Nguyen VSn Phi,
I d Phong Chau (1972), Luqrc biiyen cic tic gia Vi?t Nam, Ijp H, NXB KHXH, H i Noi, trang 36
7 Phsm Thi Hu? (2013), Phong tnko dSn tpc dan cWi oNam Kj-1930-1945 nghien ciiu qua lai Ii?u hiu trii, NXB CTQG, Ha Ngi, trang 74
8 D4ng Cong san Vi^t Nam (2002), Vin ki?n Dang toan t?p, t$p 2, NXB CTQG, trang 4
9 T6l6gramme officiel No 1614 du 5 Juin 1930 du M
Trang 9Gou-vemeur General de I'lndochine h loutes les Admimsfrations locales
sur la direction du Parti Comministe de I'hidochine pour la
revo-lution en Cochinchine, Trung tam Luu trir quoc gia n, Phong Phu
Thong ddc Nam KJ-, bo so s6: IIA45/192 (7)
10 Dang Thj Van Chi (2008), "Vin de phu nir a Vi#t Nam
trudc Cach mang diing TSm: ngi dung vk giai phap" Hoi thao Vi?t
Nam hpc lin 3, VNH3.TB2 14, trang 13
11 Pham Hong Tung (2008), lich sil cuOc vftid^ng vi cac q i ^ dan
smh dan c±iud\^Nam(1936-1939), NXB CTQG-Svftai, Ha Noi, trang 108
12 Din I91 BCH Dang bo TP HCM (2014), Sdd, trang 75
13 Nguyen Van Trung (1963), Chu nghia th\rc dan P h ^ o Vi$i
Nam thirc chit va huyen tho?i Nam Scm xuat bin Sat Gon, trang 219
14 Ban Ch4p hSnh Lien d o ^ Lao dpng TP HCM (1993)
Cdng nhan S4i G6n - Chp Ldn trong s\r nghifp giai phong dSn tpc,
NXB U o dpng, trang 39
15 Trin Huy Lifu (2003), Tac phim giai thudng Ho Chi
Minh, NXB KHXH, HS Npi, trang 436
16 PhamTht Hu? (2013), Sdd, trang 42
17 Ph^im Th( Hu? (2013), Sdd, trang 70
18 Daniel Himery (2005), "A Saigon dans les aimees trente,
un journal mihtant; La Lutte (1933-1937), http7/vutual-saigon.net/
Texta'Articles?ID=a8, trang 7, cap nhgt ngSy 08-9-2915
19 CitculaireofficielNo 821Cdu20Aout 1935duM
Gou-vemeur General de la Cochinchine a son homologue de I'lndochme,
Trung tam Lmi trir quoc gia U, H6 so so IIA45/245 (1), ban 4
20 Note confidentielle des achvit^srebelles en Cochinchine
duOl au30Novembrel936, TrungtamLuutriiquocgiallhososd
IIA45/253 (3), bdn 4
21 Telegrammeofficiel No 5245 du 27 Decembre 1935 du M
GouvemeurGeneralde la Cochinchinepour la confiscation du journal
La Lutle, Trung tam Luu trir qu6c gia II, hd so so nA45/24S (1) ban 3
22 Telegrammeofficiel No I3ll-Cd 28 Decembre 1935 du
M Gouvemeur G^niralde la Cochmchinepour le controle des
cour-rieis du groupe La Lutte, Trung tam Luu trii quoc gia D, Uh so so
lIA45/245(l),ban2
23 Telegrammeofficiel No 541-Cd 20 Mai 1936 du
M Gouvemeur Gin^ralde la Cochmchinei son homologue de
rindochinqmur la poursuite du groiqK La Lutte, Trung tam Luu ttH
qu6c gia U, H6 so so lL^45/245 (!) ban L
24 Din Igi BCH Ding bp TP HCM (2014), Sdd, trang 122
25 BCH Ding bp TPHCM (2014), Sdd, trang 122
26 E)ang Cpng san Vi^t Nam (2000), VSn kifn Dang loin t?p,
1 ^ 6, NXB CTQG trang 498
27 Din lai Nguyen Thanh (1984), B&o chi each m^ng Viet
Nam 1925-1945, NXB KHXH, Hi Npi trang 78
28 Nguyen Phan Quang (2011), TVin Vta Giau - Nghe thay
k^ chuyen, NXB Tong hpp Tp HCM, trang 24
29 Daniel Himery (2005), Sdd, trang 5
30 Daniel HSmeiy (2005), Sdd, trang
5-31 Trung tiim Nghien ciiu Qudc hpc (2009), Nguyin An Ninh
tic phim, NXB van hpc trang 1263
32 Phv nft Tin Vin sd 3, trang 9
33 Phv nu Tan Vin, sd 49, trang 7
34 Nguyen Huu Hiep (2014), "Phu nii Tin V§n to bao uy tin
bi buc tii vi t5 cio tiiu cvc", http://www.baocantho com.vii/?mod=d
etnews&catid=302&id=l 50953, cjip nhit ngay 08-9-2015
35 Daniel Hemery (2005), Sdd trang 7-8
36 T? Chi Dai Tnrdng (2011), Ngudi linh thuoc dia Nam Ky (1861-1945), NXB Tn diiic, HaNpi, trang 282
37 Note confidentielle des activitesrebelles en Cochmchine
du 01 au 31 Aoilt 1936, Trung tSm Luu trii qudc gia II, Ho scr s6 IL^45/253 (3) bin 5
38 Note confidentielle No 1024-S du 3 Mars 1937 du Chef local du service de I'Enseignement en Cochinchine as distributrion
de tracts a des Hives, Tnmg tam Luu trir quoc gia n, Phong Phii
Thdng ddc Nam Ky, Hd so sd UA/45/203 (5)
39 Circulaue confidentiele No 87-I.P du 3 Avril 1937 du gouvemeur General de I'lndochine, liung tam Luu trii qu6c gia II, Phong Phii Thdng ddc Nam Ky Ho so sd IIA45/203 (5)
40 Note confidentielle des activitesrebelles en Cochinchine
du 01 au 30 Novembre 1936, Trung tam Luu trii qudc gia II, Phdng Phii Thdng ddc Nam Ky, Hd so sd ILk45/253 (3) ban 5
41 Note confidentielle des activitdsrebelles en Cochinchine
du 01 au 31 Aout 1936, Trung tam Luu tiu qudc gia n, Phdng Phii
Thdng ddc Nam Ky, H6 sa sd IIA45/253 (3), bin 5
42 Thu Thiiy, Nguyen Qu^, Nguyin Que Lam (2007), Nguyen Vin T ^ 1908-1970, NXB Van hda Sii Gdn, trang 80
43 Note confidentielle des activitesrebelles en Cochinchme
du 01 au 30 Novembre 1936, Trung tam Luu tru qudc gia n, Phdng Phii Thdng ddc Nam Ky, Hd so sd nA45/253 (3) ban 2
44 Note confidentielle des activitesrebelles en Cochinchine
du 01 au 30 Novembre 1936, Tnmg tim Luu trO qudc gia U, Phong Phu Thdng ddc Nam Kj-, Hd so sd nA45/253 (3) ban 2
45 Tnmg lam Nghien cihi Qudc hpc (2009), Sdd, trang 759
46 Circulaireofficiel No 82IC du 20 Aoflt 1935 du M Gou-vemeur General de la Cochinchine a son homologue de I'lndochine SOsdlIA45/245Cl),bin4
47 Nguyen'ni4nh(1981),BioDanChung,NXBTPHCM,trang84
48 NguySn Vin Tran (2001), Hoi ky Chung tdi lim bio, NXB Van ngh? TP HCM, trang 302
49 Thu Thuy, Nguyen Qud, Nguyen Que Lim (2007), SAI, trang4l
50 Nguyen Vin Trin (2001), Sdd, trang 305-306
51 Note confidentielle des activitesrebelles en Cochinchine
du 01 au 30 Novembre 1936, Trung tim Luu trir qudc gia II, Phdng Phu Thdng ddc Nam KJ, Hd so sd IIA45/253 (3), bin 4
52 Note confidentielle des activitesrebelles en Cochinchine
du 01 au 30 Novembre 1936, Tnmg tam Luu trii qudc gia n, Phdng Phii Thdng ddc Nam Ky, Hd so sd nA45/253 (3), bin 4
53 Nguyin Thinh (1984), Sdd, trang 141-142
54 PhamThiHue(2013), Sdd, trang 126
55 Nguyin Vin Nguyin nhi ho?t d^ng chinh tri nhi bio nhi van hda (2006), NXB T 6 I ^ hpp TP HCM, trang 434
56 Nguyen Vin Nguyen nha host dpng chinh tri nha bao nhi van hda (2006), sdd, Irar^ 434
57 Circulaireofficiel No.292/API pour la condamnation au communisme du 22 April 1940, Trung tim Luu tru: qudc gia II, Phdng Phii Tlidng ddc Nam Ky, Hd so sd lIA45/273(5), bin 2
58 Ban chip hinh Ding bd TPHCM (2014) Sdd, liang 161
Vdn thv - Lnn trnr Viet Nam s