-QX^EiaEBSiES&r ir'/; r Quan ly ngirdi di ciT trong tien trinh do thj hoa d Viet Nam hien nay MAI THjHtfONG GIANG* NhOng nam qua, tien tnnh dd thi hda d niidc ta da diidc md rgng ve
Trang 1-QX^EiaEBSiES&r ir'/; r
Quan ly ngirdi di ciT trong tien trinh
do thj hoa d Viet Nam hien nay
MAI THjHtfONG GIANG*
NhOng nam qua, tien tnnh dd thi hda d niidc ta da diidc md rgng ve quy
md khdng gian Theo do, dan so cOng nhii mat do dan cii tad cac khu viic ngi
do ngay mgt tang cao Ngoai khia canh tich ciic la lam gia tang tinh nang dgng xa hgi cua ngiidi lao dgng va thUc ddy nhanh qua trinh do thi hda, viec
di cii tvt ndng thdn ra thanh thi da va dang gay ap liic khdng nhd ddi vdi he thdng kit ci'u ha ting, cac dich vu xa hgi, d nhiim mdi tnidng, nha d, tnidng hgc, Bai viet dSxui't diia ra mdt so'giai phap quan ly ngiidi dicii trong tinh hinh hien nay
Nhihig chang tftfdng phat
trien ngtfdi di ciT^Vidt Nam
70 nam kl tfl khi nha nUde
\^dt Nam ra ddi, Viet Nam da
thflc thi chien Iflde dd thi hda
qua eac thdi k^ khae nhau,
nhan khIu liiu ddng eiing da
tflng trai qua ba giai doan
phat triln cd ban: Iflu ddng tfl
do, d m lilu ddng va tflng
bfldc md ra lUu ddng
Theo danh gia cua Ngan
hang T h i gidi (WB), Viet
Nam la mdt trong nhflng
nfldc cd tdc dp dd thi hda cao
d Ddng - Nam A Nlu nhfl
vao nam 1986 ty le dan cfl
sdng t^i dd thi \^dt Nam mdi
chiem khoang 19%, thi den
nam 2013 ty 1§ nay dat gin
34% Dfl kilii den 2020, ty Id
do thj hda tai Viet Nam se
dat 45% Khi ly, dan so Thanh phd* Ha Ndi khoang bay trieu ngfldi; Thanh phd
Hd Chi Minh khoang 10 trieu ngUdi, thudc di$n eae thanh phd^ldn nhit cua khu viic Dl thuc diy qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dit nude, Nha nUdc da ap dung chien lUdc dd thi hda de ngUdi dan ndng thdn di cU tU do din eae khu vUc thanh thi, mpt thdi gian sau mdt bd phan trd thanh eu dan thanh thi
Do lUdng ngUdi di eU 6 at
ra cae thanh pho ldn, Viet Nam dUa ra "Dilu II dang
ky va quan ly hd khIu", liy viec nay d l kilm soat nghiem ngat ngUdi dan ndng thdn di cU tfl do vao thanh phd' Dfldi sfl rang bupc eua
quy dinh quan ly di ehuyen bdi cU tni tach bach thanh thi va ndng thdn, che dp lao ddng vide lam, chi dp cung cap lUdng thflc, thflc phim eung nhu chd^ dd to' chfle hanh chinh sfl nghiep thi ngfldi ddn ndng thdn ngoai so' it di theo con dfldng vao cac trfldng dai hoc va cao ding sau dd tdt nghiep lam can bp, mdt so di lam cdng nhdn ra, diu khdng t h i di chuyin vao thanh ph^ mot each tfl do \^ vay, trong thdi
ky kinh te' ke hoach nay, trong npi bp thanh phd, npi
bd nong thdn va gifla thanh thi va ndng thdn diu khdng ton tai hien tfldng di cfl
* ThS, Tgp chi COng san
Trang 2Khi ndng thdn thflc h a n h
c h i dp khoan traeh nhiem
dd'n hp gia <finh da giai phdng
sfle lao ddng va p h a t trien
m a n h me san xuat d ndng
thdn d i n den tinh t r a n g dfl
thfla lao ddng d ndng thdn
ngdy cang tang Chinh vi vay,
Nha nflde ndi long viec b a n
e h i di ddn H a n g loat ndng
dan lai rdi bd rupng d i t , que
hfldng hoac vao d c xi nghiep
t u nhan hoae hen doanh d eae
khu cong nghiep lam viec,
hoac vao t h a n h phd'budn ban
ldm an Cudi nhiing nam 80
thd' ky XX, kinh t e khu viie
vflng dd thi Viet Nam phat
t r i l n n h a n h chdng, ddi hdi
nhu e i u lao ddng r i t ldn da
thu hut r i t nhieu lao ddng dU
thfla tfl ndng thon rdi que
hfldng vao t h a n h pho' lam
vile Tid'n trinh dd t h i hda
dfldc day manh, h a n g ehue
trieu lao dpng dU thfla d ndng
thdn vfla la edng nhdn, viia la
ndng dan, hinh t h a n h "lan
sdng dich chuyin dan sd" ldn
Tfl khi d l i mdi, k i n h td'
Vidt Nam bfldc vdo mdt vdng
t a n g trfldng mdi, hidn tfldng
ndng ddn vao t h a n h phd'lam
viec lai x u i t hien ddt cao
trao mdi, so' Ifldng ngfldi di
cfl khdng ngflng tang Bfldc
s a n g t h e ky XXI, d l t i n h
toan tong t h i sfl p h a t t r i l n
gifla t h a n h thi va ndng thdn,
N h a nfldc da ap dung chinh
sach tieh ciie hfldng d i n cho
sfl di e h u y i n eua ngfldi dan
ndng t h d n vao t h a n h pho lam viec; d i l u kien de ngfldi ddn ndng thdn di cfl vdo k h u vfle t h a n h t h i n g a y cang dfldc md rdng, c h i n h saeh dang ki va q u a n ly ddi vdi ngfldi di cU eua Chinh phu cung d i n d i n ndi long, bflc
t r a n h di e h u y i n dan sd' theo chieu hfldng tieh eiic va co
t r a t tfl sd bp hinh t h a n h
DSc diem ctf him cOa ngiTdi
di ciTdViet Nam hien nay
Theo Tong cue Thd'ng ke, ngfldi lao ddng di cfl la
"nhiing ngfldi lao ddng cd ndi thfldng t n i tai thdi diem 5 nam trflde thdi d i l m dieu tra khac vdi ndi thfldng t r u hien tai" Ty s u i t x u i t cfl la ty Id
p h i n t r a m cua so ngfldi di eU vdi dan so t r u n g binh trong
ky Ty s u i t n h a p cU la ty Id
p h i n tram cua sd'ngfldi n h a p
eU vdi d a n so^ t r u n g binh trong k^ Trong nhiing n a m
g i n day, ngfldi lao ddng di cfl
d nfldc ta cd mdt sd' dac dilm chu yeu sau:
Thfl nhit, sd' Ifldng va tdc
dp t a n g trfldng cua ngfldi di cfl ngay cang tang Theo Td'ng cue Thd'ng kd, n a m 1999 so' ngfldi lao ddng di cfl ndi dia la 5,14 tridu ngfldi, d i n n a m
2012 eon sd'nay la 6,57 tridu ngfldi Mdt dfl bao cho t h i y , ngfldi lao ddng di cfl gifla cac
t i n h se t i l p t u c gia t a n g manh me so vdi ty Id gia t a n g dan sd', den n a m 2019, sd*
ngfldi lao ddng di cfl se d^t mfle 8 tridu ngfldi, chiem 9,4% tong dan so
ThU hai, k h u y n h hudng di
eU "tap t r u n g hda" eua nhflng
ngUdi di eu ro ret Mot la, do
tuoi t a p t r u n g , chu t h i la
t h a n h nidn Hai Ik, phuong
h u d n g t a p t r u n g , ndi di
e h u y i n r a t h a n h pho Nd
di chuyen vao chu ylu t^p
t r u n g d cac k h u vUc kinh te
phat triln
Tha ba, ngUdi di cfl th^
hien xu the' 'Tdidng Iflu dpng nfla" N h i l u ngfldi di cU da nhdp k h a u vao ndi efl tni, trS
t h a n h d a n thfldng tru tai cac
t h a n h phd'va hp b i t diu "hoi
n h a p " vao van hda cua ndi dang cfl t n i
Thii tu, ngfldi di eU d vi tri
t h e ye'u trong t h a n h pho Ngudi lao ddng di eU thfldng gap nhflng khd khan trong cudc sd'ng, dac h i l t la troi^ thdi gian d i u cua di cfl Khd
k h a n ma hp thfldng gap U khd k h a n ve n h a d, phUtJng tien di lai, nudi day eon cai, hfldng t h u sfl trd giflp tfl phfe Nha nfldc, t i l p can cic djch
vu an sinh xa hpi eho ngiM
nghdo, hp khIu Theo nhilu bao cao nghidn cflu tai cac
k h u cdng nghidp nam tr§n dia ban eua ba t h a n h phllta (Ha Ndi, Da N i n g , Thanh pho Hd Chi Minh) cho thiy, ngfldi lao dpng di cfl thfl&ng khdng ed bao h i l m xa hdi, bao
h i l m n g h i nghiep h a y tai
Trang 3L i njj.'.u.iu.iiiH»iamr
n a n lao ddng; khong t h e tfl
bao ve minh khdi nhiing rui
ro ve siic khoe va an t o a n b a n
than N h i l u ngfldi lao dong di
efl do khdng d hdp ddng lao
ddng hoac d hdp dong khong
ro r a n g va b i t ldi cho hp, it d
cd hdi bao ve b a n t h a n tnide
nhiing t r a n h chap kinh te vdi
chu t h u e lao dpng N h i e u
doanh nghiep, k l ca doanh
nghiep n h a nUdc, da t h u e liic
lUdng lao ddng khdng cd nghe
theo m u a vu d l lam vide ma
khdng ky hdp dong
Tha nAm, t i n h t r a n g 1)a
luu lai" d ndng thon H a n g
loat t h a n h nien, chii y l u la
d a n dng - nhiing ngUdi t r u
d t trong gia dinh ndng thdn
vao t h a n h phd^ lam vide de lai
d ndng thdn la phu nfl, t r e
con va eu gia, h i n h t h a n h
hien tfldng dac t h u "ba lUu
lai" ("cu gia Iflu lai", "tre em
luu lai" va "phu nfl lifu lai")
Cu gia liXu lai thieu ngUdi d
t h i dUa vao, tre em luu lai
thieii sii eham sde day dd,
p h u nfl Iflu lai thieu tinh
yeu d i n den cae thdn lang
t h i e u ddng luc p h a t t r i l n
Tinh t r a n g nay trd t h a n h van
de noi bat anh hudng den sii
p h a t trien I n dinh, ben viing
cua xa hpi ndng thdn
Sir thay doi ve diinh sach
qiiin ly ngddi di aitifrnd
Tfl khi thfle hien dfldng Im
doi mdi, md ciia den nay, vdi
tien t r i n h dd thi hda khdng ngfltog t a n g Ien, so ngfldi di efl eung da t a n g tfl nhd deii ldn, eufi cung hinh t h a n h lan sdng di ehuyen m a n h me
Chinh d c h q u a n ly ngfldi di cfl eua N h a nfldc theo dd eung
d mpt qua t r i n h tuCng bfldc hoan thien n h a m eho phep ngfldi d a n n o n g t h d n di
e h u y i n vao t h d n h pho h a y khdng? v a iing phd vdi v i n
d l ndng d a n di c h u y i n vao
t h a n h thi nhfl t h e nao?
Mgt la, d sfl keo dai cua
chinh sach d m di efl h a y khdng? Nha nfldc khong cho phdp ngfldi d a n ndng thdn di
c h u y i n vdo t h a n h pho, v l chinh saeh ddi hdi k h u vfle ndng thdn phai tfl giai quyet
so Ifldng lao ddng dfl thfla d ndng thdn
Hai la, thflc t h i chinh sdch
"md cfla" nhflng d gidi h a n Nha nfldc b a t d i u cho phep ngfldi d a n ndng thdn di cfl vdo t h a n h pho lam viec dfldi mpt so' d i l u kien n h i t dinh, tfle la q u a n ly eho phep di
c h u y i n nhflng v i n lay vide
b a n ehe' di efl tfl do lam ehu
yeu Tuy nhien, so ngfldi di
efl da t a n g vfldt bdc Mac du
Bp Cdng a n da dfla r a "Quy dinh t a m thdi ve ngfldi t a m
t r u cua t h a n h thi", thfle hien quy d i n h mdi ngfldi mdt chiing m i n h thfl n h a n d a n nhflng t i n h t r a n g di efl r a
t h a n h pho v i n c a n g ngay cang t a n g manh Thflc t r a i ^
nay da va dang khien mdt so
do thi p h a i ganh ehiu n h i l u sfle ep ve d a n so va nghdo ddi C u n g dd, t i n h b a t dn
d i n h viee ldm cua ngfldi
n h a p cfl k h a eao Hp l a m nhiing vide ma ngfldi d a n sd
t a i khdng mudii lam, nhfl
p h u ho, giup vide gia dinh , trong khi chinh sach q u a n ly
do t h i ngay cang e h a t che ciing da d nhflng a n h hfldng
b a t ldi d i n nhdm n h d p cfl,
n h i t la vdi nhiing ngfldi b a n
h a n g rong d eac dd t h i ldn Cung bdi vay ma h a u h e t trong so hp khdng tiep can dflde eae hd thdiig an sinh xa hpi va eae dich vu khae nhfl giao due, y td' Do dd, n e u khdng ed nhflng chinh sach
p h u hdp, p h i n ldn nhflng ngfldi di efl se phai ddi m a t vdi thfle t r a n g la c h u y i n tfl ngheo kho d chd n a y s a n g ngheo khd d ndi khae ma thdi Dd la chfla ndi den nhiing "lech pha" ve van hda
va loi soiig, d i n d i n nhiing
h e luy mang tinh xa hdi Sau
dd, sd^ngfldi Iflu ddng tfl ndng thdn r a t h a n h pho" t a n g h i n g
n a m , da gay mpt loat v a n de
ve eac m a t q u a n ly c h i n h quyen, an ninh xa hdi, bao
vd q u y l n ngfldi lao ddng Quy dinh ndn hfldng d i n luc lUdng lao ddng ndng t h d n
"rdi d i t k h d n g rdi q u e hfldng", nen giai quylit viec
lam va VE&I d l di c h u y e n cua
hp tai t a n ndng thdn
Trang 4M SieuOlEMrTlEPTUCOdiMdiQUANLYPHATTRIENXA H ^ I
Ba la, sfl t a n g t h e m ciia
chinh sach dieh vu q u a n ly
N h a nflde b i t d a u hfldng
d i n lao ddng dfl thiia d k h u
vfle ndng t h d n ehuyen dich
vao t h a n h p h d hdp ly, ed
t r a t tfl hdn
Tha to, cue diln ngfldi di cfl
cd t r a t tfl bfldc d a u hinh
t h a n h sd bd, theo do chinh
saeh quan ly di efl ngdy cang
hoan thidn, cd cd che' phan
ehia t h a n h thi va ndng thdn,
doi mdi dilu kien dang ky va
quan ly hp tich hd k h a u cd
tinh cdng b i n g trong dra xfl,
eoi trpng vdi nhau, tang efldng
phue vu, hoan thien quan ly,
tinh toan quy hoach, hfldng
d i n hdp ly, quan ly theo tinh,
t h a n h pho, theo vung mien;
l i n d i u tien khuyen khieh
cac thanh phd'ldn cd dieu kien
kinh te' - xa hdi phat t r i l n
dfla ndng ddn lam thud ed
cdng vide dn dinh va bao dam
cd nha d thdnh pho
Mot so bai hoc kinh nghiem
trong quiin ly ngtfdi di aid
Vidt Nam
Tha nhat, quan ly ngfldi di
cfl mdt each khoa hpe Nhflng
n a m g i n ddy, di ddi vdi viec
xay dflng Chinh phu phuc vu,
quan ly ngfldi di efl cua Chinh
phu Viet Nam da tfl "nghieng
v l quan 1;^' trflde day chuyin
sang "phuc vu di trflde", quan
niem "quan ly gdm/trong
phuc vu" da dflde ngUdi dan
ddng tinh ung hd
24 I Sdl07i (11-2015)
Tha hai, bao dam lao ddng
du thfla d ndng t h d n di chuyin r a t h a n h phd cd t r a t tfl Gan 30 n a m qua, eae ed quan quan ly hflu q u a n eua chinh quyen cae cap Vidt Nam da khae phuc khd khan, hfldng d i n hdp ly, bao dam trong qua t r i n h di chuyen quy md ldn khdng x u i t hien cum dan cfl nghdo t r e n pham
vi rpng trong t h a n h pho, khdng x u i t hidn nhiing cudc xung ddt xa hpi ldn, thflc hidn sfl chuyin dich cd trat tfl, hdn nfla cdn thuc d i y dia vi kinh
t l - xa hpi cua ngfldi di cfl ngay eang tang eao
Tha ba, t h e ehe', cd chd'
q u a n ly ngfldi di efl ngay eang h o a n t h i e n , theo dd,
h a n g loat eac chinh saeh va quy dinh dflde b a n h a n h , nhfl "Y kien chi dao ve cai thidn d i l u kidn efl t r u eiia ndng d a n lam thue", "Giup
dd va eham sde tre vi t h a n h nien lang thang", Cd quan
q u a n 1^ ngfldi di cfl eae d p
va eac dia phfldng da khdng ngflng tim tdi each phuc vu quan ly phfl hdp vdi n h u c i u thflc te'eua dia phfldng minh
ve npi dung q u a n ly va phuc
vu ed ban, t r o n g dd mdt so bien p h a p da t h u dfldc hidu qua ro rdt
Tha ta, q u y l n hdp p h a p
eua ngfldi di efl tflng bfldc dfldc bao dam, Nhflng n a m
g i n day, ehinh q u y l n cac d p eae dia phfldng Vidt Nam da
quye't liet t r o n g vi0c giai quyet v i n de tien Ifldng cho cdng n h a n , eung d p nhieu
ed hpi vide lam va cd hoi dao
t a o cho ngudi di cU, tiir^
bude x&y dflng va kien t o ^
h e thd'ng a n sinh xa hfli, trong do cd y t l , giao dye, ri 1^ cac v i n d l lien quan dS'c tai n a n lao ddng cua ngudi di cfl, bao d a m eon ehau cua ngfldi di cfl dfldc hfldng sii cham sdc, giao diic mdt each
b i n h dang, bao dam toan dien cho sfl p h a t trien v^ cudc sd'ng on dinh eua ngiidi dicfl
Tuy nhidn, edng tae quan
ly ngfldi di cfl v i n cdn nhi^u
b i t cap, quan ly ngfldi di cil
v i n cd sfl k h a c biet giiia
t h a n h thi va ndng thdn; thifiu sfl p h a n edng, phm hdp hdp
tac gifla d c cd quan quan \%
edn tdn tai cdc hien tUdng chfle n a n g dan xen va phan
d n g khdng ro
Khuyen nghi chi'nh sach d6i vdi qudn ly ngUdi di ctf
Vide ngfldi lao ddng di ciJ
t r o n g bdi canh hien nay la
xu h u d n g ta't y l u , cd vai tro
to ldn ddi vdi ndi x u i t cU cung n h u n h a p cU lao dpng
Q u a n ly ngUdi di cU phai
g i n vdi yeu e i u p h a t trien
b i n vflng ca d ndng thdn v4
t h a n h t h i Tuy nhidn, nhilu ngUdi v i n q u a n niem chila
d u n g v l vai trd cua ngiiSi lao ddng di efl; c h i n h sach
Trang 5w.i \u.'.'.ii.iu.\\m!mmi
xa hdi ddi vdi lao ddng di cfl
c u n g cdn nhflng b a t cdp,
ehfla d a p flng thflc t i l n xa
hpi, De n h d n thflc d u n g ve
vai t r d c u a ngfldi lao ddng
di efl va de cd c h i n h s a c h
phfl hdp eho doi tfldng nay,
c h u n g t d i x i n cd m d t so
k h u y i n n g h i c h i n h s a c h doi
vdi q u a n ly ngfldi di efl n h u
sau:
Tha nhat, thiic d i y i ^ u d i
di cU trd t h a n h eU dan t h a n h
phd" la xu t h e chung Theo cd
d u ddn so va t i n h hinh p h a t
trien kinh t e - xa hdi d Viet
Nam hidn nay, t r e n cd sd "dfl
toan" md hinh d a n si, d t h i
n h a n tha'y ngfldi di cfl ^^et
Nam d cae xu thl^ nhfl sau:
mgt la, so^ Ifldng ngfldi lUu
ddng mdi t a n g t h e m cd xu
h u d n g g i a m , nhUng tong
Ifldng ngfldi di cfl v i n k h a ldn
trong 20 den 30 n a m tdi; iiai
la, t h a n h pho v i n la ndi vao
n h a p cfl c h u yeia n h i t cua
ngfldi di cfl; ba lA, ngfldi di cfl
se la ngudn n h a n Ifle chu yeu
trong d c nganh d n g nghiep
va n g a n h dieh vu ciing nhfl
t i n g Idp d t h u n h a p tudng
dm tha'p cua t h a n h phd^ trong
tfldng lai
Th a hai, tflng bflde doi mdi
s a n g tao, h i n h t h a n h ed ehe
q u a n ly ngfldi di cfl p h u hdp
vdi t i n h h i n h mdi Tfl duy cd
b a n la: ve tii tadng quan ly,
xay dflng q u a n niem quan ly
ciing c h u n g ldi ich, tinh toan
tong t h i sfl p h a t t r i e n eua
t h a n h t h i vdi n d n g t h d n , eung d p cac loai dich vu va
q u a n ly theo d a n si thiic t e ndi vao; vl" the chi quin ly,
tiep tue xay dflng va h o a n thidn cd d u t i n h t o a n d i l u
h a n h ngfldi di cfl thoiig nha't, xay dflng cd ehl^ lam viec phdi hdp, hdp tac da n g a n h ciing q u a n 1^, thfle hien sii
q u a n ly n h i t t h i hda giiia
chinh p h u va xa hdi; ve chi
dd quan ly cu the, t a n g
n h a n h tien t r i n h l$p phdp
q u a n ly va dich vu ngUdi di
cU, tiing budc thflc d i y eai
d c h ehl^ dd dang ki va q u a n
ly hd tich, hd k h I u , cd bien
p h a p q u a n ly ddn so thfle t e ndi cfl trfl lam ed sd, xay dflng cd che t h u hfldng cae dich vu d n g luy ti^n, dinh hfldng t h a i dp xa hpi cho cfl
d a n t h a n h pho^ tfl bai xieh ddi vdi ngfldi Iflu dong d l ngfldi di cU cd t h i soiig d
t h a n h pho vdi tfl cdch la dSn cfl t h a n h pho^mdi
Tha ha, H y q u y l n ldi va
n g h i a vu b i n h d a n g l a m nguydn t i e cd ban, tiing bude thflc hien q u y l n di chuyen cua dSn so d nfldc Hien
p h a p quy ^ n h "Cdng d a n d
q u y l n tfl do efl t r u va di chuyin" nhflng v l sau do sU thflc thi cua ehe dp dang ki va
quan If hd tich, hd k h I u quy
dinh nay khdng dfldc thflc hien Dlii nay, cdng d a n ^^It Nam d t h e cd b a n thflc hien sfl Ilia ebon tfl do ve ndi efl
trii ciia minh, nhflng sfl di
e h u y i n t r e n y nghia p h a p ludt ve m a t q u a n ly hd tich,
hd k h I u t h i v i n n i m p h a i trong k h u d n kho luat p h a p eho phep
Hien n a y va trong tfldng lai, nhiing gi Chinh p h u d
t h i lam la l i y q u y l n ldi va nghTa vu binh d i n g eua d n g dan thanh thi ciing nhfl d n g dan k h u vfle ndng thdn lam nguyen t i c cd ban, tflng bflde thfle hidn quy dinh eho phep ngfldi di cfl "hoi n h a p " vao tbflnb pho, tfle la bao dam eho ngfldi di cfl cd quyen dfldc dao tao vide lam, q u y l n dfldc hfldng ehe' dp bao h i l m xa hpi, quyen dfldc bao dam n h a d, quyen t h u hfldng cac chfldng trinh cflu trd xa hpi, dieh vu
xa hdi, mdt d c h binh dang
Ve lau dai, c i n nghien cflu xay dflng he thdiig cd sd dfl lieu ve dan cU cd k h a nang tieh hdp dUde toan bd eac
t h o i ^ tin, dfl lieu v l hp tich,
hd khau, can eflde d nb^n d l phuc vu mpt each hflu ich eho
d n g tac quan ly dan cfl p h u hdp vdi xu hfldng di efl lao ddng C h i n h q u y l n dia
phfldng, e h u sxt d u n g
lao dpng tai d c k h u edng nghidp d n bao dam viec cung
d p n h a d p h u hdp vdi chi phi hdp ly cho cdng nhan, dac biet la cho d e gia tfinh di cfl, (K hp ( » t h i nudi day eon cai trong mdi trfldng an toan va
l a n h m a n h l
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