Trong boi cdnh hogt ddng khoa hpc, vai tid vd hogt dpng thyc tien ciia dpi ngu tri thflc khoa hpc vd cdng nghf tre ngdy cang dupc khdng djnh, thu hflt sy quan tdm cfla cdc nhd hogch djnh
Trang 1MOT SO VAN DE CO CHE DOI VOI HOAT DONG KHOA H9C
CUA T R I THU'C T R E Q U A KHAO S A T C A C TO CHlTC
KHOA HOC vA CONG NGHE 0 H A N O I
DANG VO CANH LINK'
1 Dat van de
Sy nghiep cflng ngbifp hda, hifn dai hda dit nudc hifn nay ludn dfli hfli phdi chd
frpng den vifc tich cyc doi mfli tu duy sdng tao, tang cudng diu tu, phat triln cde nguIn
lyc con ngudi hudng den tri thuc hda cdc boat dfng phdt triln kinh tl - xa hpi Trong boi
cdnh hogt ddng khoa hpc, vai tid vd hogt dpng thyc tien ciia dpi ngu tri thflc khoa hpc vd
cdng nghf tre ngdy cang dupc khdng djnh, thu hflt sy quan tdm cfla cdc nhd hogch djnh
chinh sach, cac cd nhdn, td chflc dang qudn ly vd sfl dyng nguon nhdn lyc nay, viec tilp
tuc nghien cuu, xay dyng moi truflmg thudn lgi, thuc ddy kha nang lao ddng, sdng tao,
cing hiln cda tri thflc khoa hpc cdng nghf tre, giup hp cdi thifn trinh df hpc vin, chuyen
mdn, phat huy ndng Iyc tri tue, phim chit dgo dflc Id mft ttong nhflng vin dl quan ttpng
va can thigt
• Tren thi gifli, dd cfl nhilu cflng tiinh nghien cflu lien quan din vai frd cfla tii thflc
nfli chung va tri thflc tre ndi riflng tiong hogt dfng khoa hpe vd cflng nghf Tu nhihig ndm
gin gifla tbi ky XX, John Bemal (1938) da nhin mgnh rfl vj tri, vai ttd vd chflc ndng cfla
hogt dpng khoa hpc ciing nhu tim quan ttpng cua vifc phat trien cdc ngufln nhan lyc khoa
hgc ttong xd hgi hifn dai khi cho rdng "tri thicc Id ngudn luc quan trgng nhdt di phdt
triin khoa hoc cdng nghe "• va "ld%oa hgc cdng nghi lgi la ngudn luc quan trgng nhdt de
thitc ddy sir tdng truang kinh ti xa hpi" (UNESCO, 1970) Srivastava (1997) da nhin
nhdn tti tbflc nfli rieng vd con ngudi ndi chung bao gIm thi lyc, tri tuf, ky ndng nghl
nghifp Id mpt ngufln vdn quan frgng, cd kha ndng sdn sinh cfla cdi vgt chat vd ldm quoc
gia phdn thjnh Tilp can tfl gdc dp kinh tl, flng cho rdng cflng tac tim kiem, phdt hifn, ddu
tu chuygn gia cfl ty If thu hfli vin cao, vin con ngudi cdng sfl dyng thi gid trj cang tdng
Ign, Bgn canh do, ddu tu cho von con ngufli, diu tu cho nhan tai se tgo hifu flng dau tu
ldn vi vfln cua nhflm ndy mang tinh sang tgo, ty phdt huy tiem nang vd tgo ngn sy phdt
triln md cac nguIn vdn khdc khflng cd
CJ Vift Nam, Pham Tdt Dong (1995) da hf thing lgi nhihig quan dilra ca bdn vl fri
thdc, phdn tich nhihig ddc tnmg ciia tri thflc, tinh hinb phdn bo ca cdu va boat dpng cfla
dpi ngu tri thflc thdi ky dau Ddi mdi Cdng trinh khdng djnh hoat dpng nghien cihi khoa
hoc vd sang tao la mpt tiong nhung d^c tnmg ca bdn cfla fri thflc Dam Ddc Vupng
Trang 2(2014) khi nghiln ciru gidi phdp phdt huy tifm ndng ciia tri fluic, cho ring Vift Nam muln phat trien tit phdi dya vdo 3 ylu tl: (1) nguoi tri thdc ty phan diu, ty nang cao trinh df de khdng ngimg vucm Ifn, (2) xdy dung hf thong chinh sdch dli vfli tri thitc nhu chlnh sach ddo tgo, bii duflng, sil dung tri thiic, ttpng dyng nhan tdi, (3) xdy dung hf thing to chile dli vdi tri thitc nhu t l chiic cdc trudng ddo tgo tri thiic, to chile cdc td ehiic nghifn citu khog hpc, to chile bf mdy vd phucmg tifn ldm vifc cho tri thitc
Nhitog cdng trinh nghien cftu cug Nguyen Hilu Tdng (2007), Nguyin Tiln Luong (2007) vd Hd Vdn Vinh (2012) da chiing minh dfi ngO tti thirc dang cd sy phat triln nhanh chflng ve so lupng, sy phdn bd da dang ve nganh nghl, ITnh vyc hoat ddng, dam nhifm nhiing nhifm vy khdc nhau: tir tham muu, giiip vifc lanh dgo, thyc hifn nghien citu khoa hpc cho den tryc tiep dng dyng, chuyin giao cdng nghf phdt triln kinh tl - xd hfi Cdc cflng trinh ndy ciing phdn tich nhiing han chf ve co che, clu'nh sach dli voi tri thiic, khuyen nghj cin hodn thifn cliinh sdch bfli dudng, ddo tao, ca chf ddi ngf tri thiic, ca chl ddm bdo quyln ddn chd vd tu do tu tuflng dfli voi tri thiic, ndng cao chit lupng chinh sdch
vd CO chf qudn 1^ khoa hpc
Ttin Hing Luu (2009) tiep can tri thiic qua vifc phdn tich bdn chit, ciu true ciia tri fluic khoa hpc, vai trd cua tri thirc khoa hpc ttong ddi sdng xd hfi, nghien ciiu cdc gidi phap ling dyng tri thiic khca hpc ttong thyc tiln phdt triln dit nuflc Tde gid da chi ra
nhieu su bit hpp l^ ttong hogt dfng qudn \^ tri thiic d nudc ta nhu ngn thua thiy, thifu
thp, tinh ttgng lao dfng "chay", tinh ttang nghifn ciru khoa hpc "xip tu", tinh trgng lao dfng tri thiic ttf thit nghifp lam khflng diing ngdnh nghe, qud ttinh ddo tgo tri thdc mdt cdn dli giiia cdc ITnh vyc, ddo tgo ndng vf ly thuyft, ban lam, thieu thyc hanh Nhu vgy, da cfl nhieu cflng trinh nghifn ciiu frong va ngoM nudc tir cip df ly luan dfn thyc tiln, tilp cdn chuyfn nganh va tifn nganh ximg quanh chu de vai tto ciia tri thdc trong hogt dpng khpa hpc va cdng nghf, tuy nhifn cdn thifu nhitog cdng trinh lay tri thurc khoa hpc cflng nghf ttf la dfli tupng nghien ciiu true tilp
Vfli myc tifu nghien cim, ddnh gid chinh sach vd co chl qudn ly cua cdc td chuc trong hogt dfng nghifn cilu khoa hpc cua tri thdc tie hifn nay, cac phan tich trong bdi vilt ndy sii
dyng sfl lifu dilu fra 608 tii fliuc \ii lam vifc tai cdc tl chiic khoa hpc vd cflng nghf dupc tach
ra tiung bf sl lifu dilu tra dl tdi "Nghien cHu giai p h ^ phdt huy tilm ndng cua dfi ngii tii thilc ttf trfn dja bdn Hd Nfi" do Vifn Nghifn ciru Trayin thong vd Phdt friln (fliufc Lifn hifp cac Hfi Khoa hpc vd ky fliudt Vift Nam) fliuc hifn vao ndm 2011 Bfn cgnh dfl, bdi vilt ding sil dyng cdc kit qud nghifn ciru djnh tinh, phflng vin sdu, phan tich tdi lifu trong dfl cfl vifc thu lliap va phan tich 501^ Ijch khoa hpc cuatti fliilc tt^ fliuc hifn frong hai ndm 2013-2014
2 Khdi nifm tri thiic trf
Cfl khd nhilu quan nifm hay djnh nghTa vl tii flnic Theo Phgm Tit Dong (1995), fri fluic id nhitog ngufli cfl tiinh dp dgi hpc (cfl bing) va nhitog ngufli cfl trinh df tirong duong dai hpc nhung khdng cd bing, hp hpc tir fliyc tiln cufc sing Theo flng, bi fliiic gin vdi hpc vin nhung bdng cip khflng phdi la cdn cii chi ylu vd duy nhit df xdc dinh vd
Trang 3Ddm Ddc Vupng (2014), sau khi phdn tich hdng logt cdc djnh nghla vl tii thUc, dd dua ra 10 lugn dilm quan frpng dl xac djnh tri thitc cho cdng trinh nghifn cuu ciia minh Theo dng, tri thuc la nguoi: lao dfng fri flc; trinh df hpc vin cao; cfl cing hiln chit xdm cho xd hfi; cfl nhitog sdng kiln, phdt minh, cdng trinh nghifn ciiu khoa hpc; song cd nhdn each; khflng ea hfi; bilt ddo tao, giup da, ndng da ding nghifp; bilt gin ly ludn vfli thyc tien; cfl tu duy dfc lap vd cfl chlnh kiln ro rdng; bilt hfla dflng dfli sflng rifng tu ciia minh vdo ddi sdng cfng dflng xa hfi Tuy nhifn trong thyc tl, rdt khd xde djnh tit cd cdc tigu ehi nay khi chpn mau Ichdo sat xa hpi hpc
Tri flnic tte Id tri thirc cfl cfl df tufli gidi hgn ndo dd, tiiy theo nghien ciiu hgy bii cdnh cy thi Thyc tl cho thdy, tir gdc df tilp can khdc nhau ciia cdc ehu thi qudn ly va
cdc ngdnh khoa hpc, khai nifm "thanh nien" hay khdi nifm "tre" dupc xdc djnh khd
khdc nhau vl df tiifli (Dang Vu Cdnh Linh, 2003; 2011) Thuc tl cho thiy qua trinh xd hfi hda thanh nien ddi hay ngdn cdn phu thupc vdo dilu kien va trinh df phdt triln cua mfli xa hpi Trong xa hfi truyen thflng, vifc xd hfi hfla lao dfng thanh nien ttong lao dfng ndng nghifp cfl till dupc kit thuc tir rit sdm, nhung dli vdi xd hpi hifn dai, vdi nhflng khdi lupng tri thdc va ky ndng vl nghl nghifp khflng lfl thi giai dogn thanh nifn cdn hpc hfli, thich dng hda nhgp vd kifn tgo gid trj lgi ddi hem Dd cd thi dupc coi Id nguiri dgt nguflng truflmg thdnh vf mgt xd hfi, d difm xd hfi hda cudi ciing kft thuc df tufli thanh nifn, ddc bift Ichi gdn vfli logi hinh Iao dfng tti thdc phai dgt ngudng it nhat
HI 40 ttifli (Ddng Vu Cdnh Linh, 2008,2011)
Trong bdi vilt ndy, dua frfn nhung quan dilm tifp cgn nghien cilu thanh nien va logi hinh lao dfng dac thii ciia tri thdc tie, tri thuc tte dupc khai nifm la nhiing ngudi cfl ttinh dd dgi hpc trd Ifn, d dp tudi ttr 21 den 40 Ngoai ra, tri thiic trf hogt dpng khoa hpe va eflng nghf dupc hilu la nhflm tri thitc tre dang ccng tac tgi cac ca quan, tfl chiic hfn quan tryc tifp din nghifn cuu khoa hpc vd cdng nghf (khong bao gflm nguoi lao dfng nghe thudt, hay trong lyc lupng vii trang, lam kinh doanh, budn bdn, lao dpng ty do )
3 Mot so ket qua dilu tra vl co chl dli vdi hogt dfng khoa hpc ciia tri thirc tre tgi cdc to chiic khoa hgc vd cong nghe hifn nay
3.1 vi nhu cau vd iy do lua chpn nai ldm vifc vd cdng tdc tuyen dttng tri thiiv tre
Theo kit qud dilu fra 608 tri thdc frd vdi 13 chi bdo trinh bdy frong Bang 1 thi hiu hit cac gid trj dupc sfl dflng tri thiic fre lya chpn la cdc gid trj thupc vf ddc thu cua ca quan, tfl chile, noi lam vifc Ty If chi bdo dupc tri fluic tre lya chpn cao nhit Id "quan hf ding nghifp tit" (66,0%), tifp din gid tri "quan hf ldnh dgo vd nhan vifn tit" (65,6%),
"mfli truimg ldm vifc chuyfn nghifp" (51,5%) vd "co quan phdt trifn dfc Ifp tu ehu" (51,1%) Cdc gid tii cd ty If duoc chpn thip nhit ttong 13 gid trj dua ra Id "mdi truomg hpi nhap quflc tl" (22,6%) vd "mdi trudng ldm vifc cgnh ttanh" (27,9%) Kit qua ndy phdn dnh cdc gia trj cdt loi ttong djnh hudng nghf nghifp vd md hinh ldm vifc cua tri thitc tre hien nay dupc sf ddng lya chpn thufc vl gia tri con ngudi, cdc mdi quan hf cdng
sd chd chua phdi la cdc vin dl cflng nghf, thuomg hifu, tmh cgnh ttanh, hay hpi nhgp
Trang 4Bing I Bing gii trj djnh hudng tri tbfrc trt 1 ^ ch^n noi lim vi$c
£>an Vf: 5
Cic gii tri
Co quan phit triln dfc lap, t\r chii**
M6i truimg Iim vi^c chuySn nghi?p**
Quan h^ Iinh d^o • nhin viSn t6t
Quan h$ d6ng nghi$p t6t*
Ludn d6i mdi trang thilt bi cong ngh$*
Lu6n y thdc vl thucmg hi9u to chile***
T6n trong khich hing thi truimg***
D I cao ning dfng, sing tao**
Thudng ph^t cdng bing
M6i truimg Iim vi^c canh tranh***
B I nhi^m, su dyng quin Iy tr£*
H6 tn? tnrc tilp cho tri thdc tr* *
Mdi mrdng hfi nhdp quic tl*
Md hinh to chdc Nhi nudc
39,2 41,7 61,6 61,6 24,8 20,4 20,9 44,5 42,2 18,5 28,0 27,5 19,9
DNKHCN 59,4 58,3 67,3 68,9 39,0 44,1 59,1 53,5 41,3 39,0 35,0 28,7 24,0
NOO 57,9 57,9 72,4 69,0 34,5 39,7 41,4 53,4 43,1 13,8 36,2 37,9 25,9
51,1 51,5 65,6 66,0 32,8 34,0 41,7 49,9 41,9 27,9 32,3 29,3 22,6
Ghi chu: Muc dg kiem dinh *p<0.05: **p<0,01; ***p<0.00l
Nguon: De lai nghien ciiu cUa Vien Nghien ctiu Truyen thong va Phdt trien, 2011
So sdnh tucmg quan gifla ba khu vyc cho thay, ty If tri thflc fre d cac doanh nghifp khoa hpc cdng nghf (DNKHCN) vd cac td chuc phi chinh phu (NGO) dflng thuan vdi tiing gid trj thuflmg cao hem ty If tuomg flng d khu vyc ca quan nha nudc Dilu ndy cd the lien quan dfln nguy co chay mau chit xam td cdc ca quan nhd nudc sang cdc ca quan ngodi nhd nudc ttong qua trinh cgnh franh, khai thac, sfl dyng ngudn nhdn Iyc tri thflc trg, khi ma eac ca quan ngoai nha nude ngay cang chu frpng dgn vifc digu chlnh cdc gia trj quan ly thu hut tri thuc tte vg Idm vifc
Tim hieu ly do xin vifc cfla tri thflc tte, sfl lifu dilu tta cho thiy ly do cd ty If dong thudn cao nhdt Id "dflng ngdnh nghl ddo tgo", tilp theo Id "mfli trudmg lam vifc tit, dupc tdn tipng", "cdng vifc fln djnh ldu dai", "cd ca hfi dupc hpc tdp", "cd ca hfi dupc yeu thich" Ket qua khdo sat phdn dnh nhumg ky vpng ldn nhit cda tri thflc tie dgt ra doi vdi
co che va chu thg qudn ly tai co quan hp lam vifc hifn nay la cd mdi trudng phdt huy dung chuyen mfln, sd trudng cfla rainh, cfl nhilu ca hfi dupc tfln tipng, phat trien phfl hpp vfli tam ly cua nhftng cong chflc, vien chuc fre tuoi
3.2, Bdnh gid vi chinh sdch tuyin d^ng
Tuyin dyng Id mpt van dl kha phflc tgp dli vdi nhd qudn ly va tri thuc ttg hifn nay nhung nfl thudng dupe xem budc rit quan ttpng trong sy nghifp cua moi tri tbflc Theo kit qua dilu tra, phan dong tii thflc tte cho rdng hp dd phdi ty tim hieu va tu vgn ddng dl tim vice (58,7%), ttong khi cdc chi bdo khac thdp hom nhieu lln Dilu ndy cho tiily cdc co quan cfln thilu sy chu dpng trong qua ttinh phdt hifn, tiiyln chpn vd sd dyng tii thflc tig Ben cgnh dfl, vl hinh tiiflc tiiyln dung vao ca quan, kit qud cho tiidy ngoai hinh tiiflc ty
Trang 5quen tgi noi lam vifc dfl gidi thifu chilm 25,4%, vd dupc ngudi quen bfn ngodi gidi thifu
Id 17,2%) Tinh frang ttfn lam han chl vifc tuyin chpn khach quan, cd flil khiln cho khdng it tri thdc tte ed tilm ndng dd khflng tim dupc cflng vifc tuomg xdng
Thdi gian thd vife ciing la nhan tfl dnh huflmg tdi tdm ly cua tri thdc tte ttong qua trinh dupe tuyfn dyng Theo kit qua khdo sdt, thfli gian thir vife tgi ca quan trudc khi ky hpp dflng de vdo ldm vifc cd sy khdc bift ddng ke giiia cdc nhdm tri thitc fre Giai dogn thli vifc dufli 3 thdng chiem ty if Iflm, eao nhit Id thfli gian thd vifc kdo ddi khodng 2-3 thdng, chilm trfn 23,3% sl lupng nguiri tham gia trd lfli Ben cgnh dfl, van cd nhifu tirucmg hpp thcri gian thd vife keo ddi, thdm chl keo ddi dfn 36 thang (chilm 0,7%) vd 24 tiidng (1,5%) Trong khi dd, ty If nguoi dupc nhdn chinh thdc ldm vifc khflng phdi qua tini vifc Id kha tiidp, chl 8,3%
Mgc du ty If tti thuc tte phdi flid vifc vfli tiioi gian dai (til 24 flidng trd len) khflng qua cao, nhung dilu dd cimg cfl phdn anh huflng thilu tich cue din cdng viec, tam ly vd cufc sflng cua mpt bp phfn tri thuc tie Trong mpt sfl phflng vin sau, da cd nhimg y kiln bat bhfli cua tri thdc fre vi cdm thiy hp phai ddng gdp nhifu md khong dupc frd cflng ttiong ximg tgi mpt sfl t l chdc frong thoi gian thu vifc
3.3 Van dephdn cong cdng vi^c vd tgo mdi trudng ldm vi^c
Tim hieu ve hogt dfng phdn cdng vd bd tri cdng vifc cho tri thiic tie fl Hd Ndi tit gdc df su dung va phat huy tifm ndng, kft qud nghifn ciiu cho thiy phin dfng tti thiic tie cho rdng hp chua duac phdn cflng cflng vifc hpp ly vd difu dfl dnh huomg tryc tifp din khd nang lao dfng sang tao cda hp Vin cdn khd nhilu tri thdc tte tham gia nghien ciiu khoa hpc ttong cdc dl tdi, dy dn nghien edu chi dupc nhgn nhftng cflng vifc thft ylu, nhitog cflng dogn khflng quan ttpng, thgm chi chi la giup vifc van thu, hdnh chinh Ddy Id mft trong nhitog dilm hgn che Iflm dfli vfli vifc phdt huy tinh sdng tao trong lao dfng khoa hpc cda tri thuc tre, doi luc cfln ldm ndn Iflng hp Tflng hpp phan ti'ch 50 bdn ly Ijch khoa hpc cua tri thuc tre thudc ba ca quan Id Vifn Hdn Lam Khoa hpc xa hfi Vift Nam, Vifn Khoa hpc vd Cdng nghf Vift Nam, Lien hifp cac Hfi Khoa hpc va Ky thuat Viet Nam thi kit qua cfl 7 tiirdng hpp tuyen dung nggch cdn bf nghifn cihi (nghifn cftu vifn) nhung chua timg tham gia mft dl tdi, dy dn nghien cim ndo tai tfl chftc hp dang ldm vifc Chi cfl 5 tii thftc tte timg la chu nhifm df tdi cdp bf, cip tufli vd 16 tii tiiftc fre timg ldm chu nhifm cdc dl tai cdp ca sd Nhitog tii thftc tre cdn lgi chi ddng vai ttfl Id can bp fliam gia cac cflng doan khdc nhau cua df tdi, dy dn nhu ldm nhifm vy suu tim, tfing hpp tu lifu, dilu tta vien, cdng tdc hdnh chmh, tfi chuc phuc vy tiiln khai df tdi, dy an
Danh gid vl ndi dung phan cong cfing vifc nghifn cftu khoa hpc cua lanh dgo co quan Id mot ttong nhiing chi bao quan frpng, till hifn sy phdn hfli cua tii tiiftc fre vdi co chl qudn ly hogt dfng khog hpc hifn nay Theo kit qud dilu fra, phin dflng tri tiiuc ttf ddnh gid tich cyc vf sy phdn cfing cua Idnh dgo t l chftc voi hai chi bao lin luot la: "phil hpp vdi frinh df chuyen mon ddo tao" (62,7%) vd "phu hpp vfli kiln thftc, ky nang nghien cilu" (45,2%) Vdi cdc chi bdo vl cdch phan cfing cflng vifc nhu "khflng phu hpp vi cong
Trang 6ddi hdi qud thip" vd "khong phfl hpp vi nhieu cdng vifc khflng tinh cdng, khen thudng" diu chi chilm ty If thip (tten dudi 5%)
Vdi mflt xa hfi dang tten con duflmg cflng nghifp hfla, hifn dai hda, moi trudng ldm vifc ludn cd sy canh ttanh, thflc diy dl phdt triln thi nhirng ca chl hpp ly dl thu hut dupc
sy tham gia va phat huy hit tilm nang cfla tri thuc fre la rit cin thilt Tuy nhien, ban 10% tri thflc tie cho rdng vfli tat cd cac ngi dung phdn cflng cflng vifc chuygn mdn hifn nay Id khdng hpp ly, vd ty le cho rdng phdn cflng hop ly ttong timg ndi dung, ddu muc cflng vifc
cu thi ciing chua cao Dilu dd cho thdy cac nhd qudn ly vdn can tigp tuc nghien cuu, tim hilu dl cd thi hieu chinh chinh sdch sfl dung lao ddng khoa hpe cda tri thflc fre cho phfl hpp ban
3.4 Tinh chu dpng cda tri thiec tre trong cong viec
Trong cdng vice, ngodi nhiing co chg chinh sdch su dyng lao dfng hpp ly, thi vifc phat huy tinh chfl ddng sdng tgo cda tri thflc tre Id nhdn to hflt sflc quan tipng Dieu dfl tao
ca hfli dl tti thflc tie cd dieu kien chu dpng, sang tao, dflng gdp phat trien ca quan, tfl chuc Kit qua dilu tia vl nhung ddng gflp cua tri thuc tie ttong cdng vifc phdn dnh ty If tri thflc tre chu dfng dl xuit y kifln vdi ldnh dgo co quan Id khd cao Nhihig nfi dung dflpc tii thflc ttfl dg xuat thuomg xuyen nhit la: "cai tien npi dung hogt dfng nghign cflu" (35,2%), tilp din la "gdp y chuygn mon vdi ldnh dao, dflng nghifp ttong nghien cuu" (28,7%) vd "de xudt cai tien phucmg thflc hogt dpng nghign cflu" (20,9%)
Cfl le cfl khd nhiflu tri thflc tre van cfln e nggi, mgc cam ve chuyen mfln, vj tri cflng tac va do mpt so nguyen nhdn chfl quan, khach quan khdc nfln it dg xudt cac kign nghj cfl lifln quan dgn cdc cdi tign cdc hoat dgng nghien cihi khoa bpc cbung tgi ca quan, tl chflc
CJ tit ca cac chi bao, ty If tri thflc tie ndi rdng hp "chua bao gid de xuat y kign" deu ttong
khodng tu 8% den 24% Hai nfli dung chua bao gid de xuat ehiflm ty If cao nhat Id "cdi tiln phuang thflc quan ly khoa hpc" (19,3%) vd "gdp y ve td chflc, sfl dyng con ngudi vfli ldnh dgo, dflng nghiep ttong nghien eflu" (18%)
3.5, M&c dp yen tdm vd hdi long vdi mdi trv&ng ldm vipc
Mpt ttong nhflng chi bdo quan frpng de danh gid vg co che qudn ly va thyc thi chinh sach la mflc dp hai Iflng cfla tri thflc tie dfli vdi mfli trudng lam vifc, nghien cflu ciia ca quan, tl chdc md hg dang lam vice Kgt qua trinh bay tiong Hinh 1 cho thay, tri thflc tre danh gid 21 chi bao dua ra d mflc dp "binh thudng" trong khoang tfl 38% din 63% Nlu
xet chung cho raflc rdt hdi long vd hdi long, ty If cao nhdt Id ve "quan he ddng nghifp"
(60,1%), tilp din Id "ca sd vat chdt" (56,1%) va "quan he Ianh dgo va nhdn vien" (55,5%)
Trai Igi, ty If hdi long thip nhit la ve "dp lyc cflng vifc" (25,2%), vd dilu nay cho thiy cd le cac tl chflc, ca quan van chua phdt huy dupc tilm ndng cfla tii thuc tre Tilp theo la bin chi bao lien quan din quyln lpi: "chinh sdch cai thien dfli song cho cdn bp" (29,4%), "chl dp khen thudng, ddi ngp" (33,2%), "chl df luong, phdn phfli tiiu nh$p" (33,3%), "ton vinh nhdn tai, tiianh qud lao dpng" (33,2%) Dfl cflng la 4 chi bdo cfl ty If
Trang 7H i n b 1 MUG df h i i ldng ve cong vifc
• Rdt hii ldng • Hii ldng • Binh tbudng • Kh&ng hii ldng • Rdt khdng hii ldng Cosdvjttchdt
Trang tfiiit bj cho tihig c i nhfin, cdn bO
Npi quy, quy die Iim vi§c
Chl d$ phin cdng c ^ vi$c
Che d$ tuong, phin phdi diu nhjp
Chd dd Idien dmdng, diii ngd
Tdn vinh nhSn tii, tbinh tpii lao dgng
Chl d$ phOc Vi (lg, tk, nghl mit)
Chiln \\i(jc phit trien ccr quan
Quan h$ lanh d9o v i nhin viSn
Quan h$ (^ng n g h i ^
H o ^ dpng doin di^, ngo^i khda
Chhih sadi d6i vdi tri diurc Ir6 d co quan
ChiDh sich cii I h i ^ ddi song dio can b$
Dja vi c i nh& cda bin difin
Thinh qua lao d$ng cAa bin dian
Sy thi n h i ^ cua mpi ngirdi vdi bin diin
Ddng gdp bin tbin dio cdng vi$c oa quan
Sy I9 diO trong cdng vi$c
Ap Yijc cda cdi^ vi$c
Khic
•
•
SUJ
^5
0% lOX 20% 30% 40X 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Nguon: Be tdi nghien dm cua Vifn Nghien cuu Truyen thdng vd Phdt trien, 2011
Kit qud trfn phdn anh thyc frgng Id mftc df hai Iflng vl cflng vifc cua tri thftc tre chua cao, hay nfli each khac, cdng vife tgi ca quan chua thyc sy ddp iing dupc nhu ciu cua tri thftc fre, nhat Id ve dp lyc cflng vifc vd nhiing quyen lpi vgt chat ddnh cho hp
3,6 vin de dai ngo vd trd cong lao d^ng
Theo kit qud trinh bdy ttong Bang 2, nhdn djnh cua tri thftc tte vl chl df vd hinh thdc dai ngfl cfl sy khdc bift nhit djnh giita ba nhflm: cdc ca quan khoa hpc thufc khu vyc nhd nudc, cdc doanh nghifp khoa hpc cflng nghf vd cac t l chuc phi chinh phu Cy thf, cfl 70% tri thftc tte khang dinh hp dupc co quan, t l chdc cung cdp ttang thilt bi lam vice Ty
If ndy thip hem d nhflm cdc tfl chuc phi chinh phd (67,1%), nhtmg cao htm ttong mfl hinh doanh nghifP khoa hpc vd cfing nghf (74,0%)
Ty If fri thuc tre cho rdng hp "dupc ttao quyln ttong cfing vifc chuyfn mfln" khfing cao nlu tinh chung cho cd ba logi tl chdc (40,5%), nhung fl khu vuc nhd nuflc lgi fliip hon hdn (37,3%) Ngupc lgi, khu vuc nhd nudc lgi dftng ddu frong chi bdo "dupc khen tiiudng khi ldm tflt cflng vifc" vfli 53,3% (so vdi 49,4% d khu vyc doanh nghifp 49,4%
va 51,9% fl to chuc phi chmh phu) Ngodi ra, so vdi hai khu vyc nhd nuflc vd doanh
Trang 8chi bdo: dua ra quygt djnh chuygn mdn, dupc dua y kiln xdy dyng t l chuc; dupc ho trp kinh phi giao dich; vd cfl ngufli cpng sy, giup vifc, ttp ly
BSng 2 Ch^ df l&m vi$c vi sy d3l ngf trong cdng vifc
Dan Vf: %
CSc gi3 trj Mo hinh t l chiic Chung
Nha ntrdc DNKHCN Dupc cung c^p trang thilt bj lim vifc
Dupc giao quy^n trong cong vifc
Dugic khen thudng khi lam tot cdng vifc
Dua ra y kiln quyet dinh chuyfin mdn
Dua ra y kien quylt djnh xi.y d\mg tl chiic
Dupc hi trp kinh phi trong giao djch
Cd ngu6i cfng s\r, giiip vifc, trp !y*
Khic
67.1 37,3 53,3 22,2 17,9 13.2 10,3 3,3
74.0 42,5 49,4 25,7 13,1 20,2 17,7 0,8
63,6 43,6 51,9 35,2 18,2 25,5 22,6 1,9
70,0 40,5 51.3 25,2 15,7 17,8 15,1 2.0
Ghi chu: Muc dg kiem djnh *p <0,05
Nguon: Di tdi nghien cuu cua Vien Nghien cuu Truyin thong va Phdt triin, 2011
Ket qud cung cho thay cd tfli 30% tri thflc tre mudn thay doi cflng viec hifn tgi, ttong khi 70% cdn lgi thi khdng mufln thay dfli Ty If tti thdc tre d khu vyc ca quan nha nudc muln thay dfli cdng vifc thip hem so vdi cdc khu vyc ngodi nhd nudc
4 Mft so ket luan vd khuyen nghi
Ket qua dieu tta ve hogt dpng nghe nghifp va cac chinh sach, tuyen dyng, sfl dyng, dai ngp cung nhu cac mdi quan he cfla tri thflc tte d Hd Npi vfli ldnh dgo vd dflng nghifp cho thay cfl mpt sd gia trj cua ca quan, tl chflc nghien cflu khoa hpc va cflng nghf dupc tri thflc tre danh gia kha cao nhung cimg cd nhflng gid tii chua thyc sy thu hflt, cung nhu ddp flng dupc nhu cau cfla nhdm nhdn lyc xa hpi dgc thfl ndy Cdc gid trj cdt ldi frong djnh huflmg nghl nghifp vd mfl hinh ldm vifc cua tri thflc tie hifn nay dupc sl ddng lya chpn thupc vg gid trj con ngudi, cac mfli quan hf cflng sd hom la cdc van de cflng nghf, thucmg hifu, tinh canh tranh, hay hfi nhdp quoc te Mflc dd hdi ldng vg cflng vifc cua tri thflc tre chua cao bdi cong vifc tgi ca quan chua thyc sy dap flng dupc nhu cdu cua tri thflc trfl, nhdt la ve dp lyc cflng vifc va nhung quyln lpi vat chit ddnh cho hp
Dg tri thflc tte cd thi phdt huy tit hon nhihig tilm lyc, tilm ndng cfla minh ttong hogt dpng khoa hpc, chflng tfli xin dupc khuyin nghi vdi cac nha qudn ly, sfl dung lao dpng tri thuc tre mpt sl vin dl sau:
Can tilp tuc nghien cflu dli mdi, kifn toan mfli trudng cbinh sach, ca chl quan ly hoat dfng khoa hpc tai cac ca quan, tl chflc, gdn vfli hogt dfng qudn ly lao dpng tri thflc tre, cfl kl hoach ngdn hgn va ddi hgn trong vifc dao tgo, bii dudng, phdn cflng trdch nhifm, giao quyln chfl dpng, khuyin khich sy sdng tgo cua tti thflc fre frong nghien cuu
khoa hpc, tao dilu kifn vd co hfi tot nhdt cho nhihig nghien cim sdng tao, cd y nghia khoa
Trang 9Cdc nhd qudn ly cdn xdc l|ip cdc tiflu chi cdng bdng, dan chu, cdng khai, minh bgch, ldy hifu qud cdng vifc ldm ttpng tam ttong cdc ca chl va nguygn tdc qudn ly tfl tuygn dung, sfl dyng, phan cdng chuyen mfln, dai ngfl va trd cflng hpp ly cho sy cflng hien cfla tri thflc tie vdi ca quan, t l chflc Can tudn thfl chdt chg cdc quy djnh cfla nhd nudc vl qudn
ly vd sfl dung lao dfng tri thflc tre, khdc phuc cdc tinh tigng lara vifc khflng luang, lara them gid, ngodi gid khdng dupc tinh cflng, khdng ddm bdo cdc che dp phflc lpi
Vdi tdt cd cac ca quan, td chuc, ddc bift Id cdc ca quan khoa hpc nha nudc, cin chu ttpng xay dyng ca chl tuyin dung, phan cong chuyen mdn hifn dgi, tiep tyc thu hdt tdi ndng khoa hpc tte vl ldm vifc tgi td chflc Xay dyng van hda tfln ttpng vfli tri thflc tre frong lao dpng khoa hpc, va cing hien, tang cuflmg xdc lap cdc quy tdc phdn quyln, giao quygn, bfl nhifm ldnh dao trg, md rpng ca hfli giao tri thflc tie cd chuygn mdn, tdm huygt dupc tiep can va chu tri cdc dg tdi, dy an, nhifm vu khoa hpc vd cong nghf de hp ca bpi trudng thanh
Tai lieu tham khao
Bemal, John Desmond 1938 The Social Function of Science, Routledge, London
D4m Dire Vuong 2014, ThifC trgng va gidi phdp xdy dipig dgi ngQ tri ihiic Viet Nam trong sif nghiip doi
mdi ddt nucrc Nxb Chinh trj quoc gia, Hk Nfi
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