Trong qua trinh tham gia vao boat ddng xdy dyng CSHT ndng thdn mfli, ben cgnh ngudi dan nhu Id nhfing thdnh vien cua cfng dflng cdn cd cac doan the xa hpi, cdc to chflc dan sy, tfl chdc
Trang 1VON XA HQI TRONG SI/ THAM GIA CUA CONG DONG VAO
HOAT D O N G XAY DI/NG CO SO HA TANG N 6 N G THON M6I
(Nghien ciru trudng hgp tgi mot xd vitng Bdc Trung bp)
LE THANH TUNG"
1 Din nhdp
Xdy dyng ndng thfln rafli Id mft Chucmg trinh ttgng dilm Qudc gia cd lifln quan
den mpi m§t cua ddi sflng xd hpi nong thfln d nudc ta Ben cgnh cdc ndi dung phdt triln
kinh te, dam bao an ninh luang thyc, an sinh xa hfi, xda ddi gidm ngheo thi ding bfl hda
ca sd ha tdng (CSHT) nong thfln ciing Id mot tigu chi quan trpng ciia chucmg tiinh Chu
truang chung frong xay dyng ca sd ha tdng ndng thfln mfli la nhd nudc chi dflng vai frfl
huflmg dan vd hS ttp, phdn cdn lai Id sy tham gia ciia ngufli dan Sy tham gia d ddy dupc
hieu la "^«a trinh ddm bdo cho nhiing nguai chiu dnh huang cua du dn dugc tham gia
vdo viec quyet dinh dtf dn Su tham gia cita cdng ddng la tim vd huy dgng cdc ngudn ly:c
cua cpng ddng, qua dd ldm tdng lgi ich cho cpng dong ddn cu, gidm cdc chi phi, tdng
hieu qud kinh ti vd hi$u qud chinh trf cho nhd nudc" (Shubert, 1996)
Trong qua trinh tham gia vao boat ddng xdy dyng CSHT ndng thdn mfli, ben cgnh
ngudi dan nhu Id nhfing thdnh vien cua cfng dflng cdn cd cac doan the xa hpi, cdc to chflc
dan sy, tfl chdc phi chinh phii, nhflm cdn bp chinh quygn Sy tuang tac gifla cac nhdn td
ndy dli vfli ngudi ddn, frong mpt chdng myc nhat dinh, dflu tigm dn hdm chfla nhfing dgng
vin xa hpi ""mgng luai xd hpi, cdc chudn m^rc vd si^ tin egy trong xd hpi Id nhimg cdi
gidp cho cdc thdnh viin cd the hdnh dpng chung vdi nhau mpt cdch cd hieu qud nhdm dgt
tdi nhimg muc tieu chung" (Coleman, 1988)
Vdn dl ddt ra d day Id, ttong qud trinh xdy dyng CSHT nflng thfln mfli vd ttong
quan hf tuang tdc gifla cdc nhan tl neu trgn, vdn xa hpi cfl thyc su xudt hien ro net vfli
ddy du cdc dgc tnmg, hay chi d tigng thai tilm dn? Va nlu cfl thi cd anh hudng nhu thi
nao din sy tham gia cfla ngufli dan? De trd lfli cho cac cau hfli ndy, bai vigt tap trung phdn
tich hai logi quan hf la quan hf hp hang va quan hf ttong cdc nhflm, tfl chuc xa hpi, ding
thdi ddi chilu vdi cdc ddc trung cua vdn xd hfli (cdc mang lufli quan he, cac chudn myc vd
sy tin cdn, sy hpp tdc, tuang ttp iSn nhau), tfl dd tim ra cac hinh thuc tin tgi cfla vdn xd
hpi V6n xa hpi d day cung dupc chung tfli xet nhu mgt biln sl dgc lap dl tun hilu sy dnh
hudng cua nd dli vdi cac qud trinh tham gia xa hfi cua ngufli dan
Bdi vilt dya tten kit qudcda cudc khdo sdt xa hpi hpc vl "Vfln xa hfli vd sy tham
gia cua ngudi dan trong xay dyng CSHT ndng thdn mdi" do tac gid thuc hifn tai xd
Trang 2Quang Tara, thanh ph6 Thanh Hda, tfl thdng 8 nam 2014 din thdng 7 nam 2015 Mau khao sat djnh lupng gdm 300 dgi difn hg gia dinh vd 50 cupc phdng vdn sdu tai dia bdn nghien cflu
2 Nhan difn cdc hinh thirc ton tai cua vin xa hfi trong ho^t dfng tham gia xay dijmg cc sd hg t4ng ndng thon mfli
2.1 Quan h§ hg hdng Id mpt hinh thirc cua von xa hpi
Hilu rapt each don gian thi hp hdng la tdp hpp nhung ngufli cd quan hf vdi nhau vl
huylt thing, theo dfl bao gIm hg npi (tiieo ddng cha) vd ho ngogi (theo ddng me), tuy
dufli gdc nhin cda nhdn hpc va xa hfi hpc, hai "ddng" quan hf ttdn chua phdn anh hit cdc mii lign he hp hang vfli tu each la mft hifn tupng xd hpi dang vgn bdnh ttong cuflc sing (Mai Van Hai, Ngd Thj Thanh Quy, 2012)
Cdu hfli dupe dat ra la, frong hogt dfng xay dyng CSHT ndng thdn mfli, cdc mii quan he gia dinh, hp hdng nay cd tin tgi thyc sy nhu Id mpt nguon von xa hpi hay khflng?
D I lam ro vdn dl chung ta xera xet mdt sd truflmg hpp
Truang hgp thic nhdt
Trudc khi tien hdnh xay dyng nflng thdn mfli, d xd Qudng Tdm, dat canh tdc cfla cdc hfl gia dinh thuomg gflm nhilu manh mpng vdi difn tich lom, nhfl d cac vj tri xa gan khac nhau Dilu ndy dan din sy manh mfln frong canh tac va khd khan cho ca gidi hfla nflng nghifp Budc vdo xay dyng nflng thfln mdi, xd Quang Tam da tien hanh "don dien doi thfla", kflt hgp
md rdng, xay mfli cac cdng trinh giao thflng npi dflng Nhieu cufc tranh luan xay ra d cac
cufc hpp dan gifta cdc hp gia dmh vfli nhau lign quan tfli quyen lpi ciia nflng hp Dg gidi
quylt vdn de ndy, chinh quygn dua ra hai kha ndng cho cdc hp lya chpn Thfl nhat, sau khi bdt Iham dl nhdn dit, cdc hp gia ^nh cd the thfla thugn dg dli rugng cho nhau, sau dfl thflng qua
ldnh dgo thdn vd xa Thfl hai, cdc hf cd thg ty thda thudn dh cung nhgn mft thfla ldn d ding
xa, khi dfl hp se dupc uu tign khflng phdi bdt thdm Khflng it hp gia dinh chpn phuang an thfl
hai Ly do chinh Id, vdi nhftng thiia rupng Iflm, cac hp cd quan he hg hdng nhgn chung lam de
thudn lpi hon cho viec ho trp lan nhau Nhu vgy, chi rieng ttong van dg dfln dien ddi thfla da
cd sy hifn difn (nhu mpt lpi the) cua vfln xd hpi (quan hf hp hang)
Vdi mpt thua rupng lom vd nhigu hf canh tac chung nhu the thi viec hien ddt dg lam duomg npi dong sg dupc tiln hdnh nhu thi ndo? Dufli ddy Id cdu fra ldi thu dupc tfl mft cufc phflng vin sdu:
"Hp chung toi nhdn chung rupng ngay tit ddu v&i 6 hp hdng xdm Ndi Id hdng xdm chu thtrc ra cung la hg hdng gdn xa vdi nhau cd Nhpn xong thi Uy ban din van dpng hien ddt di ldm dudng npi dong Thiea cua chiing tdi cd mpt con dudng chgy qua mgt chinh vl thi cd 3 nhd phdi hiin ddt vd 3 nhd ndm phia trong khdng ndm trong dien vpn dpng Vi Id anh em hg hdng vdi nhau cd nen chung tdi bdn bgc vd thdng nhiit let nhd ndo khdng phdi hiin ddt thi lui phdn canh tdc cita minh vdo sdu, di 3 nhd cdn lgi huang phdn liii lgi do bu lgi cho phdn ddt dd hien The
Trang 3tudng nhau nin cUng chdng phdi chia ddt lgi, cii- ndi mi?ng vdi nhau nhu thi md ldm thdi Gid thi cd 6 hp chdng tdi cd con dudng to, mdy mdc vdo tgn nai, ndng sudt cao han hdn "
(PVS, nam, 43 tuli, ngufli ddn) Vifc thfla thuan nhfn va chia rufng vfli nhau, hiln mpt phdn ddt Idra duomg npi dflng d day Id dya tren sy ty nguyfn, khflng cd van ban phdp ly, khong cd hpp ding xdc
nhdn chia ddt ndo cda chinh quyen vd hodn todn dua trin long tin Cdc hf dd khai thdc von xa hpi frong cbinh quan he hp hdng cda minh, cy the Id s\c mong dgi, tin egy, hgp tdc,
tuang trg ldn nhau Vdn xd hfi frong truflmg hpp nay dd cd tdc dpng tich cyc din tdt cd
cdc bgn cung tham gia Trong 6 hp fren, chi cdn mdt hp khflng tin tudng, khdng hpp tdc, thi con dudmg ndi ddng phye vy cho co gifli hfla nong nghifp se khdng dupc triln khai
Trudng hgp thti hai
La mgt xa ven dfl, qua trinh dfl thj hda dien ra rit nhanh ngn quy hogch nha d khdng dupc qudn ly ch§t che Rdt nhilu hg ddn ldn chilm ddt xay tuflmg rdo, cflng trinh phy Khi tien hanh quy hogch ndng thfln mdi, chinh quyln vgn dpng ngufli ddn ty nguyfn pha bd cac cdng trinh Ian chiem dd Tbeo bdo cao cda UBND xa Quang Tam, cfl 13.120 m^ tudng rao, 19 leu quan da dupc ngudi dan ty dpng thao da de lui phdn dit cfla minh vao bfln trong Ngudi ddn dd keu gpi sy chung tay gflp sdc cfla cdc thdnh vign ttong gia dinh, hp hdng va hang xdm xung quanh Mflt s6 nhdm hfl con thyc hifn dli cflng lao dpng cho nhau
"Chiing toi a ddy diu tu nguyin phd dd cd Gid thue mudn cdng lao dpng cQng ego, cdng viec thi khdng nhieu nin trong hg hdng, ngudi thdn cd ai rdi rdi thi nhd hg tgp trung ldm eho mdt hdm Ciing vi cdng vi$c khdng cd nhiiu nen nay ldm cho nhd ndy, mai lgi tiip tuc keo qudn sang nhd khdc Anh em hg hdng, hdng xdm thdn thich cd nen chd ai tinh cdng xd gi Hit ngdy ndu biia cam dn vui
ve la dugc rdi"
(PVS, nam, 37 tuli, ngufli dan)
Sy lifln kit hp hdng d ddy da ldm cho mpi thanh vien khi tham gia mflt hoat dfng cu thi ndo dfl diu dupc hudng lpi Viec tuang trg, giup da ldn nhau trong qud trinh hogt dpng vd
sdn xudt diu dtra trin ea sd trdch nhiem vd s{r tin cdy Dilu ndy hoan todn phfl hpp vfli quan
dilm vl hf qua cfla vin xd hpi md Puttiara dua ra: Gia trj cfla v6n xa hpi thi hifn d sy giup da qua Igi, sy hop tac, tin cfy, va cd tinh hifu lyc d ti'nh chdt thi chl (Puttnam, 2000) Nhu vdy, vfln xa hfi mft lln nfla lgi xudt hifn frong hoat dfng thu hai ndy
Hai trudng hpp tren chi Id dai difn cho 15 trudng hpp cd y kiln trd Idi tuomg ty dupc tdc gid phdng van sdu tgi 3 thfln noi cfl ty If hiln dat rufng dl ldm dudng nhilu nhit la Thanh Kien, Chiln Thdng, Phuc Thp cua xd Qudng Tam Cd thi tiidy quan hf hp hang la mgt dgng vfln xd hpi da thi hifn ttong hogt dfng xay dyng CSHT ndng thon mdi d dja ban nghien cflu Hifn nay, tai xd ndy cd 11 ddng hp ldm nhd, thdnh vien 11
Trang 4hpi rdt Iflm gflp phin thuc diy sy tham gia cd hifu qud cfla ngufli dan vao hogt dfng xdy dyng CSHT ndng thfln mfli
2.2 Nhdm x3 hpi vd tS chiic xa hpi Id mpt hinh thirc vSn xa hpi
NIU quan hf gia fflnh, hp hang Id mft dang von xd hfi "co cym" tW nhdm xa hfi va
tl chflc xa hpi lgi Id mft dgng thflc vfln xd hpi "vuan ra bfln ngodi" Theo Puttnam (2000), vin xa hfi bilu thj cam kit cdng ddn vd la cflng cy dl huflmg tdi sy thjnh vupng Vin xa hfi tang cudng cdc chudn muc phfl hifln, lam dan gidn hda sy hpp tdc, vd cung
d p khudn mdu vdn hfla cho cac gidi phdp cda hanh dfng tap thg d nudc ta, cd nhieu tfl
chflc chinh trj - xd hpi, dodn thi; cdc td chdc nay lien ket thdnh vien frong to chflc minh vfli nhau, dong thdi lien kit vfli cdc t l chflc khdc, tgo ra mpt mgng lufli xa hpi rpng khdp Tgi khu vyc nong thdn thi sy lifln kit ndy gidp cho ngudi dan ty tin horn trong vifc tham gia cac hoat dfng chung cua cdng ding, ciing nhu bdo vf cdc quyen lpi hpp phap cua hp Thyc tl dd cho thdy, tiong qud trinh xay dyng ndng thfln mdi khdng the khong tinh den
sy hifn difn cua cdc lien kgt va mgng lufli xd hpi ndy
Tgi thdi dilm khdo sat, xa Qudng Tdm dang cd cac tfl chuc xd hpi nhu sau: 1) cdc
tl chflc chinh tii - xa hpi dodn thg nhu Hfi Nong ddn, Hfi Phu nfl, Doan Thanh nien, v.v ; 2) cdc hifp hpi nganh nghg, sd thich; 3) cdc nhdm hf gia dinh, ddng hp, phe giap Nhihig nhflm xa hpi, td chflc xd hpi ngu fren cimg ton tgi ttong mgt cgng dflng va ngudi ddn diu la thdnh vien cfla mgt hfi, mflt to chflc nao dd Day cfl the dupe xera la chi bao ve
sy tin tgi ciia vdn xd hdi tigm ndng Va de lam ro sy tdn tgi cua von xa hfi, n ^ e n cihi tap trung tim hieu 2 hogt dfng cu thi
Hogt dpng tuyin truyin van dpng
Trong tflng sfl nguoi tra lfli la cfl tham gia tuyen truyen van dfng xdy dyng ca sd
hg tdng nflng thdn mdi thi gdn 70% Id thdnh vifln cfla cdc dodn thg xd hfli khdc nhau Cfl thg thdy, tinh tich cyc cda nhdm nay cao hem so vdi cac nhdra khac Nhumg thanh vien Clia cac dodn the xa hpi khac nhau dgu nhdc nhd, dfln ddc ngudi dan tham gia vdo cdc boat dpng xay dyng ca sd hg tdng nflng thdn mdi Hg ciing cd thi dnh huflmg den cdc thdnh vien khac trong gia dinh, gifl gin vd ndng cao uy tin cho bdn thdn va gia dinh trong cpng dflng Nhung hinh thdc van dpng khac nhau va sy lan tda thflng tin gifia cdc thanh vien trong cdc tfl chuc tao thanh mgt phong trao ty nguyfn Tfl sy thanh cdng cua phong ttdo, moi cd nhdn, tl chuc vd cd cfng dong diu dupc hudng lpi ve dieu kien song
va thu nhgp; va ai cung co tbi khai thdc vfln xd hdi frong mang ludi nay nhdm dem lgi cac lpi ich kinh tg thflng thudng
Hogt dpng ddng gdp ngdy cong lao dpng vd kiim tra, gidm sdt
Cdc td chflc xa hpi - nghl nghifp d dja phuang dflng vai trd quan frpng ttong vifc thilt ldp va to chflc cac nhdm dli cflng lao dfng vd cdc nhflm giam sdt Mii ca nhdn do vgn dgng, tuyen truyen y thflc dupc ttdch nhiem va quyln Ipi cda minh ttong cdc boat dpng ma hp tham gia Vin xd hfi tin tai trong trudng hop thfl hai ndy bao gom: cac mgng
Trang 5cho cdc thdnh vifn cfl thi hanh dfng chung vdi nhau mft each cd hifu qud nhdm dat tfli nhiing muc tifu chung (Coleman, 1990)
Tgi dja bdn nghiSn cHu, trong ting sl 133 ngudi cd tham gia ddng gdp ngdy cdng lao dfng thi cd 67 nguoi (chiem 50,4%) trd Icri Id hp cfl tham gia vdo cdc nhflm dfli cdng lao dfng Cdc nhdm dli cflng nay phin lfln do Hfi Nflng ddn tfl chirc (63 nguoi, chifra 47,4%); t^ If tham gia ddi cflng lao dfng do Hpi Cyu chien binh tfl chiic la 21,2%; sl cdn lgi tham gia dudi sy tfl chiic cua mpt sfl dodn thf nhu Hdi Phu nil (10%), Doan Thanh nifn (9%), nhdm dan cu ty to chirc (9%), vd cac t l chile khdc (6%)
Tuomg ty nhu vgy, vifc kiem tta, giam sat cung chu ylu dupc fliyc hifn thdng qua hf thdng cdc td chiic vd dodn thf xd hpi Bfn cgnh dfl, cfln cfl mft bp phgn nguiri ddn tham gia vao eac nhom gidm sdt do ddn cu ty thdnh lgp
Cfl 96 ngucri (chilm 32%) dupe hfli cho bilt ttong gia dinh ho cfl ngudi tham gia kiem tta, giam sat cac cdng trinh xdy dyng Trong sfl dfl, 31,3% tham gia qua Hfi Cyu chiln binh t l chiic, 20,8% do thfln t l chiic, 10,4% do cac nhflm dan cu ty t l chitc, 11,5% do Hfi Nflng dan td chiic, 20,8% do Doan Thanh luen tfl chirc, va 5,2% do Hfi Phu nil t l chile
vifc cac doan thi chinh tri - xd hdi thanh lgp cdc nhdm dfli cflng lao dfng da giiip giam thieu sy ddng gdp vl mdt tdi chinh ciia ngudi dan Thyc vgy, dl tang ttdch nhifm ttong timg logi cflng vifc, truflmg cdc khu phi, khu dan cu xdc nhdn vfli ngudi ddn vl sl cdng lao dfng ma hp ddng gdp dl quy dfli ra tiln mdt Sy dflng gflp cflng lao dfng ldm cho mil cd nhdn dSu cdm thiy dupc chung tay gflp site, vd nhiing ngufli cfl thu nhgp thip, ngucri ngheo van tham gia dupc vdo qud trinh xay dyng nflng thfln moi Kilm tra, gidm sdt Id boat dpng thf hifn cao nhit sy tham gia cua nguiri ddn; vifc cdc dodn thi chinh hi
-xd hfi dflng vai ttfl Id ngufli t l chitc cdc hogt dfng ndy da cho thay dupc tdm quan ttpng ciia nfl
BSn cgnh cdc t l chirc xd hfi - nghl nghifp, tgi dia ban nghifn cilu cfln cfl nhilu hfi doan hogt dfng duoi hinh thiic ty nguyfn nhu hfi dflng mdn, hfi bdng da cdc khu vyc, hfli suih vgt cdnh, hfi dong ngii, hfi ding nifn, hfli cyu gido chile, v.v Chiing tfli chua
cd thflng kf diy du vf so lupng cua cac to chile ndy, nhung sy da dgng cua cac td chiic xd hpi ty nguyfn d xa Quang Tam cd 16 dam bdo cho bat ki thdnh vifn nao cd nhu ciu tham gia Thflng qua hogt dpng cug cac tfl chirc ty nguyfn, ngucri dan cfl co hfi mfl rfng cac Hfn kit va tuang tac xa hfi Tat ca cdc thdng tin khi chinh quyen cung cdp, gdm cd cdc thdng tin vl xay dyng CSHT ndng tiidn mfli, s8 dupc lan tda mft cdch manh me ttong cdc mgng lufli xa hfi ma moi ngudi dan tiiam gia
Vifc ngucri dan tham gia vdo cdc nhdm xd hdi, cde tfl chiic xa hdi tao thdnh nhung mang lufli xa hfi cho tiiiy sy hifn hOu cua vin xd hfi trong hogt ddng xdy dyng CSHT nflng thfln mfli Bdn than cdc to chiic xa hpi nay ciing y thuc dupc minh Id nhimg ylu tl
Trang 63 Von xa hpi nhir mft yeu t l dac thii trong xay di^g cff sd h? tang ndng thon mdi
Nhu da phan tich d tren, vdn xd hfi d dia ban nghien cflu tin tgi tilm tdng ttong cdc thilt chl nhu gia dinh, ddng hp; cac to chflc, hpi nhu Id nhimg mgng ludi xd hpi cfla cac
cd nhan ho^c cfla cdc nhdm xd hdi Vdy von xa hfi cd anh huflmg nhu the ndo den cdch thflc va mflc dg tham gia cfla ngudi ddn ttong xdy dyng ndng thdn mfli?
3.1 V6n xa hpi Id yiu to thuc diy huy dpng them cdc ngudn l^c
Xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi Id mpt chuong trinh cfl quy md rat ldn, Nhd nudc chi cung
d p cdc ngufln Iyc ho ttp, phan quan trpng Id phdi huy dfng sy tham gia cfla ngufli ddn Chfl thi ngufln lyc d day chinh Id cpng ddng ddn cu vd cdc hp gia dinh Ba nguIn lyc chinh md ngufli dan cd thi ddng gdp Id tiln, ngdy cflng Iao dpng va hiln dit Theo bdo cdo (thdng 12 ndm 2014) cfla UBND xa Qudng Tdm, tdng kinh phi xay dyng ndng thdn mdi cfla xd la 380,67 ty ddng thi cd tdi 155,3 ty ding (chiem 40,7%) la do nhan dan dflng gdp Tfl ndm 2G12 din nay, da cd 110 hd hiln ddt vuflm phye vy vifc rad rpng duflmg giao thong nflng thdn, vfli difn tich ddt la 33.210 m^, thdo dd 13.120 m^ tudng rao, 19 llu qudn
va cfl 200 hf hiln 14 ha dit san x d t nflng nghifp dl ldm mdi vd md rfng duflmg giao thflng npi dflng, tuomg ducmg vdi 59,6 ty dflng (UBND xa Quang Tam, 2014)
Vdy vdn xa hfi dflng vai frfl nhu the nao ttong nhihig ddng gflp ndy? Cfl thg din ra
2 y kien tfl hai trudng hpp phdng van sau dign hinh sau day
Truflmg hpp thfl nhat:
"Muc ddng gop md chinh quyin dua ra nhiiu ngudi khdng dong tinh Hp nhd tdi ddy CO hai dng bd gid dm yiu vdi gid lgi phdi nudi thim mgt dica chdu vi bd
me nd di ldm dn xa Tiin ddng gdp ctia xd doi vdi hp tdi Id cao qud Khi ngdi ndi chuyen vdi nhiiu nguai trong xdm cUng ed y kiin tuang t^f Nhung thay mgi ngudi da phdn diu ddng y ddng gdp, gid nhd minh chong ddi khdng ddng thi mgi ngudi lgi cho Id keo kiit, bdn xin "
(PVS, nft, 55 Uili ngufli dan) Truflmg hgp thu hai:
"Nhd tdi hiin gdn 1 sdo ddt rupng cho nhd nuac xdy sdn van dpng, ban ddu tdi tiec ldm khdng mudn hiin ddu vi day Id ddt ldm mdu, mdi ndm tdi thu hogch dugc mdy tg bdp cdi Cdn bp phu nH din van dpng nhiiu ldn nhimg tdi khdng mudn tham gia Rdi khi dng nhd tdi di hgp vi ndi la mgi ngudi tham gia hiin ddt cd rdi dng dy cdn ndi thim Id cdng trinh phiyte vu cho chinh eon chdu minh, bgn tre gid khdng cdn chd ndo dd bdng nen todn vdo qudn di?n tti chen Chinh quyin cdn chd cd mdi nhd tdi tham gia hiin ddt la cd thi cho khdi cdng ngay Gid minh khdng hiin thi eon mpt miii ndo nhin anh em hg hdng, hdng xdm ldng giing"
Trang 7Hai y kiln tten tiiy khac nhau song lgi cflng cd nghTa rdng cd nhftng gid tii chung lien kit cac ca nhdn trong cfng ding; dd la uy tin, vj thi xd hpi cua gia dinh ttong con mdt bd con xdm gilng vd du lugn xd bfi Nlu mpt ca nhan hay mft hp gia dinh khdng dflng gdp cdc khodn theo djnh mflc chung hode khflng tham gia theo mft phong trdo nao ddy, se cam thiy "khdng on" Va so vdi nhihig khd khdn vg tai chinh thi vifc bj mpi ngudi trong cdng ddng xem thudng, khong coi trpng dudng nhu la khd chip nhdn han nhilu
Nhu vdy, vin xd hpi dupc hinh thdnh ttong qud trinh tucmg tac giua cac cd nhan vd ngufln vdn ndy chi dupc duy tri vd phat triln dya tren sy hpp tdc CJ ddy, vdn xd hfi vd
mang lufli xd hpi la mft nhan to thflc day sy hpp tdc, phdt triln quan dilra \i lpi ich cfng
ding thay vi chi nghT vl lpi ich cd nhdn
Mpt so sanh khd thu vi tu y kiln cda mpt cdn bp hpi cyu chien binh dupc phdng vin duoi ddy cho thdy sy dnh huflmg khdc nhau cua vin xa hpi d hai dia ban: phfl Mdi - mft dja ban cfl mflc dp dd thj hda cao va thfln Chien Thdng - mpt thdn thuan ndng cua xd Qudng Tam
"Phd Mdi Id khu viicc Mnh doanh budn bdn, hg sdng chd khdc gi thdnh phd cd Phdn tich cu thi nhiing lgi ich ciia hg md hg cdn khdng tham gia ddu Din Idti cdn
bp Id ngudi a do tham gia, thdi gian sau hg thdy dtrgc cdi lgi ro rdng trong viec budn bdn thi hg mdi tham gia kia Khdng nhu d nhieng thdn thudn ndng trong ndy, moi ngudi ni nhau, sg bi ndi Id khdng tham gia vdo cdng viec chung nin gdy dung phong trdo nd di (Jf ngodi phd Mdi, nhiiu con dudng chi chd cd mdi mgt nhd gidi tda, hiin cd 3rr? ddt md vdn khdng xong, khdng gidng nhu trong nay phdi nhin anh
em, xdm giing md ldm "
(PVS, nam, 56 tudi, cdn bd hfi cyu chien binh) Ndi tflm lgi, vifc ngudi dan tudn thfl cdc nguyen tdc, chuin myc chung cfla cfng ding thong qua cdc tuomg tdc la mft ylu tl tich cyc trong vifc huy ddng ddng gdp cdc nguon Iuc Vdn xa hpi dflng mot vai fro rdt quan frpng ttong hogt dfng nay va la nflng cit thuc diy sy tham gia cda ngudi dan Tuy nhign, moi cfng dflng cd mflc vin xd hgi vd each thflc sfl dung chdng khac nhau, phu thugc vdo nhieu ygu tfl, trong dd, cd sy khdc bift giua nhihig dja bdn thudn nflng vfli nhflng dja ban nong thdn ven do
3.2, Von xa hpi gdp phin ldm tdng tinh tir nguydn tham gia cua ngudi dan
Vifc tham gia cdc tfl chdc dodn the xa hpi, cdc td chflc xd hfi nghe nghifp, cdc hpi, dodn tu nguyfn tai dja phuong dd giflp cho moi cd nhdn, hf gia dinh tgo lgp dupc mgng ludi cdc quan hf xa hpi rfng khdp Ci xa Quang Tam, gin nhu mii mpt cd nhan diu tiiam gia it nhat mft t l chflc hfi, dodn ndo dfl Ddy Id mft lpi thi ttong cong tdc tuyen truyin van dpng tai dja phuomg Cdc cd nhan cdt can ttong cac t l chflc chinh trj - xd hfi quan ttong nhu Hpi Nong ddn Hoi Phy nft, Hpi Cyu chiln bmh, v.v diu la nhihig tuyen truyin vien ca sd Hp phdn tich cho mSi ngufli ddn hilu rdng raoi hfl gia dinh tham gia vdo vifc xdy dyng hg ting ndng thfln mfli tiudc hit la dam bdo nhflng quyln lgi cua hp va
Trang 8"Minh Id hgi viin, minh cd tyc nguydn thi nhiing ngudi xung quanh minh mdi tu nguyin tham gia dugc O ddu chdng biit nhimg d thdn Chiin Thdng ndy cdc hpi viin hpi ndng ddn tham gia tich cy:c ldm Ban ddu hgp chi hpi nhiiu hpi vien cUng nhiiu y kiin khdng hudng ung, nhimg ddn mgi ngudi cUng nhdn thiic dugc vdn di
vd tu nguyin tham gia "
(PVS, nam, 41 tuli, nguoi dan)
4 Ket luan
Trong hogt dfng xdy dyng CSHT ndng thfln mdi d dja bdn nghien eflu, vin xd hfi tin tgi dufli cac hinh thflc Id quan hf hp hdng vd nhdm xd hpi, cdc td chflc xa hpi va dd thg hien dupc vai frfl nhit djnh ciia no Vin xa hpi thflc day vifc huy dpng them cdc nguIn lyc va ldm gia tdng tinh ty nguyfn cfla ngufli dan frong cac hogt dpng tham gia
Vdi ndng cflt la sy tin tuflmg, tmh than trach nhifm va sy giflp dd h5 trp lan nhau frong quan hf hp hang, ngudi dan dd bilt phat huy nguIn vin xa hfi tilm In xung quanh mmh Ben cgnh dfl, tuy thufc vao nhung dac trung vl lii sflng, ^ l u kifn kinh tl, sy tuong tac khflng gidng nhau md vdn xd hpi d moi cfng dong nbd ciing khdc nhau Vi the, can cd nhirng hinh thflc khac nhau de nguoi dan huy dfng tfli da dupc vin xd hdi cfla minh khi tham gja vdo hogt dpng xdy dyng CSHT nflng thfln mfli
Sau cflng, ddy chi Id mft nghign cuu nhfl, mang tinh phdt hifn vin dg, vi vay, chua the ddnh gia dupc toan bp cdc hinh thflc ton tgi cung nhu sy anh huflmg toan difn cua cdc loai vfln xd hfl ttong chu de nghien cflu Cdn cd nhflng nghidn cflu chuyen sdu han, todn dien hem nhdm lupng hfla cdc nguon vdn cfl sdn tgi moi cfng ding; djnh hinh cy the hon cdc hinh thuc tdn tgi de cd nhihig bien phdp huy dfng vd su dyng hifu qud trong boat dfng xdy dyng CSHT nflng thfln mfli ndi rieng, va ttong toan bp chuang trinh xay dyng nong thfln mdi nfli cbung
Tai lifu tham khao
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