Câu hỏi ôn TN môn NGỮ ÂM Câu 1 What is a vowel? Name two large groups of vowels, which are classified on the basis of stability of articulation Give examples of each of the two TL A vowel is a speech.
Trang 1Câu hỏi ôn TN môn NGỮ ÂM
Câu 1: What is a vowel? Name two large groups of vowels, which are classified on
the basis of stability of articulation Give examples of each of the two
TL:
- A vowel is a speech sound When we produce it, there is no obstruction to the airstream as it passes from the larynx to the lips
- Two large groups of vowels are Monothongs and Diphthongs
- The monothongs are classified on the basis of stability of articulation because the organs of speech remain unchanged during the process of pronunciation
- Eg:
+ Monothongs: /i:/ meet, beat
/u:/ food, tool + Diphthongs: /əʊ/ show, grow
/eɪ/ they, may
Câu 2: What is the difference between Monothongs and Diphthongs.
Give examples?
TL:
pure vowel sounds complex vowels sounds consisting of
two vowel elements When we pronounce them, the
organs of speech remain unchanged
during the process of pronunciation
When we pronounce them, the organs of speech glide to the second sound
Câu 3: On what basis can vowels be classified as front, central or back vowels? For
each classification, give some examples
TL:
- Vowels can be classified as front, central or back vowels on The highest part of
the tongue
+ Front (the front of the tongue is the highest point.) Eg: /i:/ (tea), /ɪ/ (pitch); /æ/ (ant); /e/ (end)
+ Central (the middle of the tongue is the highest point) Eg: /ə/ (and); /ɜ:/ (firts); /ʌ/ (mother)
+ Back: the back of the tongue is the highest point Eg: /u:/ (bloom), /ʊ/ (book); /ɔ:/ (short); /ɒ/ (on, dog); /ɑ:/ (father)
Trang 2Câu 4: What is a consonant? What are criteria for classification of consonants ?
TL:
A consonant is a speech sound When we pronounce it, the organs of speech
always form the obstructions, the airstream is stopped before going out The
pronunciation is with or without the vibration of the vocal folds
Criteria for classification of consonants:
• Voicing
• Place of articulation
• Manner of articulation
• The state of the soft palate (velum)
Câu 5: What does “manner of articulation” refer to? Describe in brief the manner of articulation in producing stops and affricates Give one or two examples of each
TL:
Manner of articulation: Refers to how the airstream is blocked and released
- Stop/plosive (/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/): the airstream is COMPLETELY
STOPPED & SUDDENLY RELEASED
Eg: pot /p/
- Affricate (/ tʃ/; /dʒ/): the airstream is COMPLETELY STOPPED &
GRADUALLY RELEASED
Eg: jam /dʒ/
Câu 6: What does “manner of articulation” refer to? Describe in brief the manner of articulation in producing stops and fricative Give one or two examples of each
TL:
Manner of articulation: Refers to how the airstream is blocked and released
- Stop/plosive [/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/]: the airstream is COMPLETELY
STOPPED & SUDDENLY RELEASED
Eg: top /t/, add /d/
- Fricative [/f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /θ/; /ð/, / ʃ/; /ʒ/; /h/]: the airstream is PARTIALLY
STOPPED & GRADUALLY RELEASED
Eg: five /f/, they /ð/
Câu 7: What is the difference between Vowels and Consnants Give examples?
TL:
Trang 3Consonants Vowels
The obstruction
airstream
The airstream is blocked before going out
No obstruction to the airstream
The state of the
vocal cords With or without thevibration of the vocal
cords
ALWAYS with the vibration of the vocal cords
Eg:
Câu 8: Can you give a general definition of assimilation? Under which
circumstances does assimilation often happen?
Transcribe and add assimilation
1 meat ball / /
2 good guy / /
3 green grass / /
TL:
• Assimilation is considered as a phonetic process in which one sound is
changed to become resemble or identical with the neighbouring (adjacent) sound
• Assimilation often happen when we are speaking fast in casual speech, [and assimilation affects cosonants]
• Transcribe and add assimilation
…
Câu 9: The phrase “that picture” is often pronounced as /ðæp pɪktʃə/ in fast and
casual speech Explain the principle for the change from /t/ into /p/ in the word that”.
TL:
That principe is assimilation (Regressive assimilation)
Sound /t/ has distinctive features: voiceless, alveolar, plosive, oral When it is pronounced in fast and casual speech in the the phrase “that picture”, the following sound /p/ (bilabial) assimilates the preceding sound /t/ (alveolar) /t/ is changed to
become a new sound having distinctive features: voiceless, bilabial, plosive, oral.
That is /p/ sound
Trang 4Câu 10: How can you define elision? Give 2 examples of elision.
TL:
The missing of a sound when we are speaking quickly and by the influence of the surrounding sounds is called elision
e.g:
- police /p'li:s/ (Loss of weak vowels after /p/; /t/; /k/)
- first kiss /fɜ:skɪs/ (Avoidance of complex consonant cluster)
Câu 11: What is the liaison in English? State the types of liaison and give examples
of each type.
TL:
The linking between the final sound of a word and the initial sound of the following words for the convenience of speaking is called liaison
Types of liaison:
1 Link consonants with vowels (liaison/juncture):
When a word ends in a consonant sound, we often move the consonant sound to the beginning of the next word if it starts with a vowel sound
E.g.: kick off /kɪ.kɒf/
2 Link vowels with vowels:
- Intrusive /r/: (happens after /ɑː ɔː ә/)
E.g.: far away /fɑː əweɪ/ /fɑːrəweɪ/
- If the first word ends with /i:/ or /ɪ/, we can use /j/ to link it with the initial vowel of the next word
E.g.: the end - /ði:jend/
- When the words end with /u:/ or /ʊ/ and the next word starts with a vowel, /w/ is
used to link
E.g.: blue eyes - /blu:waɪz/,
Câu 12: Indentify and describe the consonants sounds in the underlined part of each
of the following words:
articulation articulation Manner of
Trang 5vague
wasp
cliché
refuse (noun)
bouquet
Câu 13: Complete the transcriptions of the following words with the missing
consonants:
Câu 14: Find one word that…
1 begins with a voiced alveolar stop: Day, dog, data
2 contains a palatal approximant: Yes, young, yogurt
3 ends with a voiceless dental fricative: Tooth, death, month,
myth
Trang 64 contains a velar nasal: Sing, song, long
5 begins with a voiceless glottal
fricative:
Hat, hot, hang, humid
Câu 15: State the differences in the underlined sounds in the following pairs of
words:
2 help – clap Voiced – Devoiced
3 stopped – span Unexploded - unaspirated
4 cream – rose Devoiced - Voiced
5 learn – wealth Alveolar – Dentalized
6 tenth – mitten Dentalized - Syllabic
Câu 16: Choose the words that begin with a velar consonant:
Câu 17: Choose the words that contain voiced bilabial plosive:
Câu 18:Copy to your test paper the word that
a contains a dipthong: (có nguyên âm đôi)
b contains an affricate (có một âm tắc sát)
Trang 7A Measure B Pleasure C Pledge D Garage
c contains a lenis middle fricative consonant (có một phụ âm hữu thanh, sát, ở vị trí giữa)
d begins with a central vowel
e ends with a bilabial nasal (kết thúc bằng âm mũi, âm môi)
Câu 19: What is/ are the distinctive feature(s) between /l/ and /n/?
TL:
They are diferent in…
Câu 20: What is/are the distinctive feature(s) between /v/ and /s/?
TL:
Place of articulation Labio-dental Alveolar
Manner of articulation Fricative Fricative
/v/ and /s/ distinguish one from other in…/ differ from each other in…