O nffdc la hidn nay vSn edn khoang hdn 60% ngffdi cao tudi khdng cd Iffdng hffu hoae ehffa nhdn dffpc bat eff khoan van cdn phdi sd'ng dffdi mffc ngheo khd, sdnay chu ydu thudc khu vffc
Trang 1Dam bao an sinh xa hoi cho ngiTdi cao tuoi khu vi/c
phi chmh thu'c d Viet Nam
MGO YEN TH! HAO'
Ddm bdo an sinh xd hdi cho ngudi cao tudi la nghia vu vd trdch nhiim cda mdi cd nhdn, gia dinh vfl todn xd hdi Bdi viit tap trung phdn tich thuc trang dam bdo an sinh xd hdi cho ngudi eao tudi khu vi/c phi chinh thdc d Viit Nam hten nay trin ca sd dd de xudt mot sd khuyin nghi nhdm ddm bdo an sinh xd hgi cho dd'i tuang ndy trudc thdch thtie cua gid hda ddn sd
Tii khoa: an sinh xd hdi, ngudi cao tudi, khu vytc phi chinh thiic, gid hda ddn sd
Summary
Ensuring social security for older persons is the responsibility of each individual family and the whole society This paper will figure out the current status of social protection for the old
in informal sector in Viet Nam and suggest some recommendations to implement this activity before the challenge of aging
Keywords: social security, the old, informal sector, aging
Gidl THIEU THU'C TRANG
^
Tudi tho cao la ihanh tffu eiia ngdnh y
td- ddn sd va kd't qua cua sff phdi trien
kinh id- xd hdi vd nhieu mat, nhiftig ddng
thdi cung dat ra nhffng thdeh ihffc to ldn
trong cham sdc sffe khde, ludi nghi hifti,
Iffdng hffu, thay ddi sff tffdng tac trong xa
hoi vd md'i quan he lien the he Gia hda
ddn sdse tdc dpng manh me dd'n kinh td'
- xa hdi vd mpi mat cua ddi sd'ng
O nffdc la hidn nay vSn edn khoang
hdn 60% ngffdi cao tudi khdng cd Iffdng
hffu hoae ehffa nhdn dffpc bat eff khoan
van cdn phdi sd'ng dffdi mffc ngheo khd,
sdnay chu ydu thudc khu vffc kinh id'phi
khdng tham gia loai hinh bao hiem xa
hdi (BHXH) nao (Hoang Manh, 2015)
Mdc dii tudi cao nhffng hp van phdi Iam
viee, hoac sdng phu thudc vao con cdi
Vi vdy, cin phai ndng eao ch^t Iffdng vd
md rpng an sinh xa hdi de'n nhdm dd'i
Mdng dd bi ton thffdng ndy
Theo bdo eao ctia Uy ban Qud'e gia vd ngffdi eao tudi, nam 2016, ca nffdc cd 10.144.400 ngffdi cao ludi, chie'm 10,94% dan sd, trong do edcd 1.892.900 cao tudi), Sd ngffdi cao tuoi sd'ng d khu vffc ndng thdn ia 6 636.000 ngffdi (chie'm 65,7%); ty le ngffdi cao tudi thudc hd ngheo khoang 22% (Ngd Thi Men, 2017)
Hien nay, da phan ngffdi eao tudi phai ddi mat vdi gdnh nang "benh tat kep", chii ydu la ede bdnh man tinh khdng lay nhiem, nhff: lieu dffdng, dot quy, tac nghen maeh phdi, thodi hda khdp, sa sut tri tue phai didu tri sudt ddi Trong khi dd, sd'ngffdi eao tudi hien nay cd bao hidm y Id' (BHYT) cdn chie'm ty Id nhd, tudi se phai tff ehi tra cho cac dich vu cham sdc sffc khoe eho ban than minh, trong khi gid eac dich vu dang ngay mdt tang
Nhdm chdm sdc sffc khde ngffdi cao tuoi - dac bidt
d khu vffc phi chinh thffc de bi td'n thffdng va bd qudn -gdp phan phat huy vai trd cua dd'i tffdng nay, ffng phd ddnh nhieu sff quan tam tff sdm, cu the:
"TS., Tru-cing Dai bgc Kinh t^ Quoc dan I Email: haonguyenl841976@gnnail.com
Ngdy nlw'i '«"'• 22/11/2017: Ngdy phdn bi^n: 20/12/2017; Ngdy duy^t ddng- 25/12/2017
Trang 2Dan vi: Dor
T h a n h v i € n
ntf nhat
Its'hai
itj'ba
l i u ' n a m i r d d i
M)?c d o n g B H Y T tif 01/01/2017
d e n 30/06/2017
T h e o thdiiE
54.450
32.670
27.-'^5
21.780
T h e o n a m
653 4 0 0 392.040
326 7 0 0 261,360
Mtfc d o n g B H Y T lit 01/07/2017
d e n 31/12/2017
T h e o thSne 58.50fi
4 0 9 5 0 35.100 23.400
T h e o nSm 702.000
421 2 0 0
351 0 0 0 280,800
BANG 2: Mdc DONG BHXH T^ NGUYEN H A N G THANG
i/CJna toi thie'u v i j n e d l
lu'c dong B H X H Uf n g u y e n tot t h i e u
11 = 2 2 % x i n
liJc dong B H X H Vd nguygn t6i da
3 1 = 2 2 % x 2 0 x i n
3 100.000 682.000 13.640.000
2.750 0 0 0 605,000 12.100.000
2 4 0 0 0 0 0
5 2 8 0 0 0 10.560.000
2 150.000
4 7 3 0 0 0 9.460,000 Nguon N g h u l i n h s o I03;2014'^ID CP ngay I I J,2QI-J
Ve ddm bdo an sinh xd hgi cho ngUdi cao tudi qua hi
thd'ng trg giiip xa hgi
Chinh sdch trd giup ngffdi cao tuoi cd ddn khdng
ndi nffdng tffa dffdc hinh thanh kha sdm, ngay tff khi
Cdng hoa nam 1946, nay Id nffde Cdng hoa Xa hdi Chu
dinh' "Nhffng cdng ddn gia ca hoae tan tat khdng lam
dffde vide thi dffde giup dd" Dieu 32 eua Hien phdp
ndm 1959 ghi ro: "Giup dd ngffdi gia, ngffdi dau yeu va
ldn tdt Md rdng BHXH, bao hiem sffc khoe vd cffu trd
xd hdi " Dieu 64 cua Hie'n phap nam 1992 quy dinh:
"Con edi ed trach nhiem kinh trpng vd ehdm sdc dng ba,
cha me " Cung trong Hid'n phdp ndm 1992, Dieu 87
ghi rd: "Ngffdi gia, ngffdi tan tdt, tre em md cdi khdng
ndi nffdng tffa dffde Nhd nffdc va xa hdi giup dd",
Ngdy 21/10/2013, Chinh phti ban hanh Nghi dinh
sd 136/2013/ND-CP, quy dmh chinh sdeh trd giup ddi
tffdng bao trd xa hdi
Nhff vay, qua he thd'ng an sinh xa hdi, hlu hd't ngffdi
eao tudi ed ddn khdng cd ngudn thu nhdp da dffdc
Chinh phii hd trd qua hinh thffc trd cap xa hdi hdng
dffdc coi la ngudn thu nhap chinh eho ddi tffdng ngffdi
cao ludi ndy
Ve ddm bdo an sinh xa hdi cho ngudi cao tudi qua hi
Ihdng BHXH BHYT
Hien nay d nffde la, pham vi bao phti eiia ehinh sach
BHXH, BHYT Iff nguyen dang ngay cang dffdc md
rpng Khdng cd sff phan biet ve quyen Ipi dffdc hffdng
giffa ddi tffdng tham gia BHYT tff nguyen va BHYT
ngffdi tham gia BHYT tff nguyen dffdc dam bao vd md
rdng hdn so vdi quy dmh trong cdc vdn ban trffde day
Khi mua BHYT dieo hd gia dinh, mffc ddng dffdc gidm
dan tff thanh vien thff hai trd di Theo quy dinh tai Khodn 5
Dieu 12 eiia Luat Bao hiem y te sifa doi bd sung nam 2014:
Ngffdi thff nha't ddng bang 4,5% mffe Iffdng ed sd; ngffdi thff
60%, 50% mffc ddng eua ngffdi thff nhat; tu" ngffcfi thff nam trd di ddng bang 40% mffe ddng cua ngffdi Ihffnhat (Bang I) Tuy vdy, edn cff Nghi quyet sd 27/20I6/QHI4, ngdy 11/11/2016 ciia Qude hdi ve dff todn ngan saeh nhd nffdc nam 2017, tff ngay 01/07/2017, mffc ddng BHYT ddi vdi hd gia dinh se cd sff 1.210.000 ddng/thang Vdi vide quy dinh
cu the mffc ddng BHXH tff nguyen cung nhff khdng ehe mffe td'i thidu va mffe td'i
da khi tham gia BHXH iff nguyen, Luat
ly quan trong cho vide trien khai dp dung BHXH tff nguyen trdn thffc tidn, Theo Nghi djnh sd i03/2014/ND-CP, ngdy 11/11/2014, mffc Iffdng ldi thieu chung hidn dffde ehia thdnh bd'n mffc tffdng ffng vdi bd'n vung nhff Bdng 2
Ve ddm bdo an sinh xd hgi qua hi thdng dich vu xd hdi
Dd'i tffdng ngffdi eao tudi khu vffc phi ehinh thffe ngay cdng dffde tidp edn vdi dich
vu ehdm sde sffc khde, tao cd hpi binh dang trong tidp can cdc dich vu cham sdc va gnip
ho hda nhap vdi cudc sdng cdng ddng Mat khac, dieh vu cham sde ngffdi eao tudi nhir vidn dffdng ldo, cdu lae bd dffdng sinh , ngdy eang da dang, chat Iffdng dieh vu cai thidn, gitip thda man td't hdn nhu cau chdm sdc dot vdi ngffdi cao mdi
Ben canh nhffng kdt qua da dat dffpc, ddm bdo an sinh xa hdi cho ngffdi cao tudi khu vffc phi chinh thffc vdn cdn cd nhffng ban che, nhff sau:
Thtinhdl ty le tham gia BPDCH, BHYT
cua khu vffe phi ehinh thffe edn tha'p Theo Bdo edo Iao ddng phi ehinh thffc tai Viet Nam, gan 98% lao ddng phi ehinh thffc khdng ed BHXH Chi 0,2% sd Iao ddng trong nhdm nay ddng BHXH bdt budc, cdn lai 1,9% ddng BHXH tff nguydn Trong bat budc rat cao (80,5%), Mat khac, chat Iffdng khdm, chffa bdnh con chffa ddp ffng nhu elu eua ngffdi Iham gia BHYT, nhll
la d tuyen y te cd sd va cdc tinh mien niii, chit, trang thiet bi con lac hdu
Thii hai, kha nang tie'p edn ehinh sach
an sinh xa hdi eiia ngffdi eao tudi khu vffc phi ciiinh thffc cdn tha'p do nhffng rao edn vd hanh chinh, dac bidt la ddi vdi lao ddng di eff vd khd ndng tiep ean thdng tin Mat khdc, loai hinh BHXH Iff nguydn ehi ed hai ehd dp la hffu tri vd tu'
120
Trang 3phi ehinh ihffc trong dieu kidn Iam vide
khdng bdo dam, mffc dp riii ro cdng vide
trf nguyen Dieu ndy tao nen sff bd't binh
flang giffa nhffng ngffdi lao ddng khi
tham gia BHXH bat budc va BHXH tff
nguyen, ndn khdng khuyen khich dffcie
Iao ddng phi ehinh thffc tham gia
Thd ba, mffc dd thu hffdng cdc che
dd cua chinh sdeh an sinh xd hdi cdn
thd'p Mffe hffdng Iffdng hffu ciia cac dd'i
tiidng tham gia BHXH Iff nguyen thude
khu vffe phi ehinh thffe ra't tha'p, thd'p hdn
mffc ehudn ngheo va chi bang 1/3 mffc
Ifdng tdi thie'u Ngffdi Iao ddng khu vffc
phi chinh thffc ndi chung vd ngffdi cao
tudi ndi rieng rd't mud'n ddng BHXH cao
de hffdng mffc eao, nhuYig kha ndng ddng
gop Iai han che', bdi phan ddng ho deu
c6 thu nhap rat tha'p Thu nhap ciia ngffdi
Iao ddng nghi hifu hien nay khdng dam
bao dffpc nhiJng chi phi sinh boat edn
thid't, dac bidt la nhffng luc d'm dau
MOT SO KHUYEN NGHj
De dam bao an sinh xa hpi eho ngffdi
cao tudi khu vffe phi ehinh thffe trffde xu
the gid hda dan sd d Viet Nam hidn nay,
giiip cdc cu sd'ng vui, khde, cd ich cho xa
hdi, can chd trpng nhffng giai phdp sau:
Mot Id, tidp tuc cai edeh hd Ihd'ng an
sinh xd hdi, md rdng dien bao phii Iffdng
hffu cho ngffdi cao tudi & khu vffc phi
chinh thffe, khuydn khieh cdc hinh thffc
tiet kidm, tham gia cac quy hffu tri, mua
lidu trffde mat dat ra la dd'n ndm 2020 se
CO 50% ngffdi diam gia BHXH Vi vay
khu vffc ehinh thffe va phi chinh thffc dd dam bao an sinh hidm nham tang effdng kha nang tid'p cdn eiia cac nhdm ddn sd, nghien cffu xdy dffng va trien khai chinh sach BHXH cho ndng ddn Tang effdng bao hiem iff nguyen hdp vdi kha nang ddng gdp va ehi tra cua ddi tffdng vd
ed kha ndng lien thdng vdi cdc loai hinh bdo hiem khde
Hai Id, dam bdo tai chinh ben viTng de thffc hidn an
sinh xa hpi cho ngffdi eao tudi khu vffc phi chinh thffc Tang effdng hd trd tdi ehinh tff ngdn sdch nha nffde de ngffdi ddn tham gia hd thd'ng an sinh xd hdi Vide hd trd nen ddnh eho ddi tffdng can ngheo va nhffng nam tdi binh, vdl mffe hd trd tff 60%-80% kmh phi tham gia, tiiy tffng dd'i tffdng thu nhdp
Dd'i vdi cde khoan chi trd cap thffdng xuydn ddi vdi nhitng ngffdi cao tudi ed ddn, ngheo khdng ndi nffdng tffa, Nhd nffdc can phai tang ngudn vd'n cho cde quy ndy nham dam bao dd'i tffdng ngffdi cao ludi yd'u the' sdeh trd giup xa hdi eiia Nhd nffdc, dam bao ngffdi cao tuoi dffdc sd'ng trdn mffc ehuan ngheo ctia xa hdi
Ba la, trien khai md hinh cham sdc ngffdi cao tudi vdi
nbieu loai hinh eham sdc phu hdp Thanh lap cac cdu lac
bd ngffdi eao tudi, cdu lac bd dudng sinh de phuc via nhu edu dffde eham sdc sffe khde loan dien, ren luydn ndng eao sffe khde ve the eha't va tinh than, phat bien va didu tri bdnh kip thdi eua ngffdi cao tudi la rat c^n thiet
Bdn Id, diy nhanh thffc hien xa hdi hda cac boat
ddng phat huy vai trd ngffdi cao tudi theo phffdng cham nha nffdc va nhan ddn cung Iam, Cd cbinh sach thu hut, khuyd'n khieh hd trd ngffdi eao tudi ed kha nang liep tue Iao ddng sdn xud'l, nhd't Id nhffng ngffdi ed nhidu kinh gdp phan xay dtffig dat nffde, C£n tid'n hdnh cde dff dn
vd gido due nham ddng vidn vd nang eao kidn thffe, ky nang eho ngffdi cao tudi khu viTc phi chinh thffc, cung nhff tne'n khai ede trung ldm gidi thieu viec lam phu hdp eho ngffdi cao tudi.Q
TAI LIEUTHAM KHAO
1 Bao hidm xa hdi Viet Nam (2012-2016) Bdo cdo bdo hiim xa hgi cde ndm 2012-2016 2.Mai'NgocC\iclng(20\3) Mgt sd'vd'n de ea bdn vi chinh sdeh xd hoi d Viet Nam hien nay, Nxb
Chinh tri Qude gia, Hd Ndi
3 Vu Van Phue (2012) An sinh xd hoi d Viit Nam hudng tdi ndm 2020 Nxb Chinh in Qud'c gia,
Ha Ndi
4 Tdng cue Thd'ng ke Van phdng Td chffe Lao ddng qud'c te' lai Viet Nam, Vidn Khoa hpe Iao
ddng-xa hdi (2017) Bdo cdo lao dgng phi chinh thtie tgi Viet Nam, thdng 10/2017
5 Ngd Tbi Me'n (2017), De dn chdm sdc stic khde ngudi cao tudi - gidi phdp ting pho vdi gid hoa ddn sd, truy cdp tff
http://hoinguoieaoluoi.vn/c/de-an-eham-soe-sue-khoe-nguoi-cao-tuoi-giai-phap-ung-pbo-voi-gia-hoa-dan-so-4127 htm
6 Hoang Manh (2015), 62% ngudi cao tudi VN chua co luong huu hogc trg cdp ludi gid, truy
cap tff bitp://dantri.com,vn/viec-Iam/62-nguoi-cao-tuoi-vn-ehua-co-luong-huu-hoac-tro-cap-luoi-gia-20150909100344502.htm