thuy dien MO DAU Thuy dien Son La - Cdng trinh thuy dien tdn nhat nuoc ta dugc khdi cong xay dung vao ngay 02/12/2005 nham muc lieu cung cap nguon dien nang cho qua trinh cdng nghiep ho
Trang 1THlTC T R A N G BCfl SONG DAN ClT VA HOAT DONG SAN X L A T
TAI CAC DIEM TAX DINH ClT THUY DIEN SON LA (KET QUA K H A O SAT TAI M O T SO D I E M d HUYEN SONG MA, TINH SON LA)
DiroTig Thi Nhir Quynh
Sa Gido duc va Dao lao Son La
TOM TAT
De phuc vu cong trinh xay dung thuy dien Son La, mot so lugng lan dan cu viing long ho buoc
cu tru m^ con keo theo mot loat thay d6i ve diyi song kinh te, van hoa dS hinh thanh va on dinh qua
nhieu the he Trong khuon kho bai bao, tac gia chii yeu di sau vao phan tich thuc trang doi song nhirng thay doi theo huong lich cue ciia dan cu !ai dinh cu va nhung kho khan, tren co so do de xual mgl so giai phap co linh khuyen nghi cho su phat trien ben virng cac diem tai dinh cu nay
Til- kh6a: San La Sdng Ma tdi dinh cu thuy dien
MO DAU
Thuy dien Son La - Cdng trinh thuy dien tdn
nhat nuoc ta dugc khdi cong xay dung vao
ngay 02/12/2005 nham muc lieu cung cap
nguon dien nang cho qua trinh cdng nghiep
hoa - hien dai hda dat nude, dam bao ludi lieu
va han che lu cho vimg Ddng bang sdng
Hong, ddng thdi cung gdp phan tich cue thiic
day phat trien kinh te - xa hgi vimg Tay Bac
Tuy nhien, de phuc vu cong trinh quy md Idn
nay, mgl sd lugng ldn dan cu vimg tdng ho
buoc phai di ddi tdi dia ban cu trii khac Qua
tnnh chuyen cu ktidng don thuan la su thay
ddi ve dja ban cu trii ma cdn keo iheo mgt
loai Ihay doi v§ ddi sdng kinh te, van hoa linh
than da hinh thanh va on djnh qua nhieu the
he cua ngudi dan viing tai dinh eu (TDC) Ddi
lugng ngudi dan bi anh hudng chu yeu song d
cac xa vimg sau viing xa, ddi sdng cdn khd
khan va h^u het d^u la dong bao dan loc thieu
s6 Dd la mot su hy sinh Idn cua ngudi dan
vimg tai dinh cu, nham phuc vu muc tieu
chung ciia sg phat trien d^t nude Trong ndi
dung nghien ciru, lac gia chii yeu di sau vao
phan lich th^rc trang kinh te cua mgl sd diem
tai djnh cu thiiy dien San La thugc huyen
Song Ma, nhan djnh nhung thay doi theo
huong tich cue ciia dan cu tai djnh cu va
Tel 0975 508568 Emailquynh ckS3 dgmail com
nhii'ng khd khan, tren co sd do de xuat moi sd giai phap cd tinh khuyen nghi cha su phal trien ben virng cac khu TDC nay, DAC DIEM DAN CU' XA HQI V A HA TANG KHU VUC TAI DjNH CU' DU'OC KHAO SAT
Khu vuc TDC thiiy dien Son La thudc huyen Sdng Ma gdm 5 khu, I 7 diem, du kien bd tri
830 hd dan, hien nay cd 580 hg da TDC Cac diem TDC dugc chiing tdi khao sat gom 3 diem, Irang dd cd 2 diem TDC tap trung va
01 di^m TDC xen ghep Cu the: 1) Diem TDC tap trung Ban Khiin I (thugc khu TDC Mudng Hung); 2) Diem TDC lap trung Ban C5 (thugc khu TDC Chiang Khoong); 3) Diem TDC xen ghep Ban Mo (thuoc khu TDC Chiang Khuong)
Cong dong dan cu va td chiic doi song xa hgi tai cac diem tai dinh cu
Theo thdng ke va dieu Ira cua chiing toi tai 3 diem TDC sd lugng hd dan lai mdi diem TDC khdng nhieu, cd su phan bd khdng ddng deu d cac diem da dac diem dia hinh va ngudn lire phat trien quy dinh Trong dd, cd the thiv dicm TDC Ban Khiin I cd sd hd dan
va so nhan khau caa nhal, do noi day cd mat b^ng vdi dien tich kha rong thuan tai cho vi?c xay dung cac co so ha tang, phiit tricn kinh le xa hdi ciia cu dan IDC
Trang 2Bang 1: Ddn sd vd lao ddng igi 3 diem tdi dinh c
L Tong so ho
2 Tong so nhSn khau
3 Dan s6 do tuoi lao dong
- Tong so lao dong nam
- Tong so lao dong nir
Ho Ngu'oi Nga^i Ngirai Nguai
65
365
185
91
93
34
184
78
43
45
16
98
42
43
51
Cd the nhan thay, mac dii sd nhan khau khdng
nhieu nhung luc Iiro'ng lao dong chiem ti le
ton, dat gan 50 % sd dan Day la mgt ngudn
luc quan trgng cho sir phat trien kinh te - xa
hdi, dac biet ddi vdi boat dgng san xuat ndng
nghiep cua vimg von can nhieu lao ddng Sd
lao dong CO xu hudng tang ten do tap quan
sinh nhieu con ctia ngudi dan, vi vay xu
hudng phal trien dan sd dd dam bao viec cung
cap lao ddng trong tuong lai nhung lai dat ra
nhieu van de cho chd d, tai nguyen von da suy
giam nhieu ciia viing
Cdng ddng dan toe d cac khu TDC kha da
dang, nhung li le dan tdc Thai van chiem chii
yen trong cdng ddng dan cu CJ ca 3 diem
ktiao sat, so ngudi dan tgc Thai chiem tgi
90% dan sd, ngoai ra cd dan tgc Sinh Mun,
Kho Mil, Kinh Dac diem nay phii hgp vdi
CO cau dan tgc cua cac diem dan cu ciia huyen
Sdng Ma (trir khu vuc thi Iran Sdng Ma va thi
til- Chieng Khuong), vi vay cong dong dan cu
nhanh chdng tao nen mdi quan he giao Ihaa
ve van hda kinh te, xa hgi Day cung la thuan
igi ton trong viec bd tri, sap xep de xay dung
vimg TDC,
Td chuc doi sdng - xa hgi cua cong ddng dan
cu khu TDC ngoai yeu to truyen thdng (cd
trudng ban) thi con cd chi liy va cac doan the
nhu: chi hdi ndng dan, phu nir, ngudi cao
tudi, doan thanh nien,.,.Sinh hoat trong lang
ban dien ra kha thudng xuyen, cac chi hdi
khac ciing dugc sinh hoat dinh ki thea thang,
tiiy lirng thoi diem hoat ddng ciia xa giao cho
nhieu hay il Nhin chung d ca 3 ban TDC,
theo dieu tra cho thay can bd thdn ban va
Ngudn: Ket qud dieu tra cua tdc gid, ndm 2011
doan the chii yeu la nhung ngudi tre, nang dgng, sang tao, chiu khd hgc hdi
Cong ddng dan cir tai cac diem TDC cd nhirng net van hda tuong ddng vdi dan cu dia phuang Su tuong ddng trong ngon ngfr, van hda, nep sinh boat giiip cho cdng ddng dan
cu nharih chdng giao luu, trao doi kinh nghiem trong sinh hoat va san xuat vdi dan dia phuong Dd la mgt thuan Igi cho viec xay dung cac boat dgng xa hgi, doan the, nang cao dgi sdng nhan dan Nhu vay cd the thay
CO cau td chu'c doi song tai cac diem TDC chat che, dam bao tinh ben virng va dn dinh,
la dieu kien can thiet giir gin va phat huy truyen thdng van hda dan tgc, phat trien trgng cong dong ^a hgi mdi mdt each hai hda
Do dac diem kinh te cua cac diem TDC mang tinh chat san xuat ndng nghiep la chii dao nen muc thu nhap cua ngudi dan khdng cao Ty le
hd ngheo d cac diem tai dinh cu kha cao d mirc 26% (theo chuan hg ngheo, hd can ngheo mdi ap dung cho giai doan 2011-2015) Tuy nhien, do cd ngudn tai chinh ho trg tai dinh cu, nhin chung hau het cac hg dan deu dau tu kha nhieu thiet bi dien phuc vu nhu c§u tieu diing, nhieu nhat la ti vi, di6u do cd th^ thay dong bao da phSn nao cd nhirng thuan loi
va sir tien bd trong viec tiep can thdng tin, nang cao dan tri, ddi song tinh thin va phuc
vu san xuat, Theo ket qua digu tra, phuang lien di tai chii yeu cua ngudi dan la xe may, d
ca 3 diem TDC tim hieu, ti le hg gia dinh cd
xe may dku dat tren 90% Day la loai phuang
tien phii hgp vdi dieu kien thu nhap ciia ngudi dan, ddng thdi thuan tien trong viec di tai tai nhijTig dja hinh mi6n nui, viec trao doi hang hda deu sii dung chii y^u loai phuong tien nay
Trang 3Bang 2: Ti le hd ddn cd trang thiit bi sd dung dien (Dan vi %)
Ban Khiin 1 Ban CS Ban Mo
Ti vi
Radio
Tii lanli
Dau dia
Mdy giat
96
12
75
93
51
83
TT
1
3
Bang 3;
BiSm T D C
Diem TDC Ban Khiin 1
Dilm TDC Ban C5
Diem TDC Ban Mo
Du liien
Ngudn' Ket qud giao ddt lai ba diem TDC nghien ciru
So hQ
65
16
Sd nhan khSu
365
98
Tong dien tich dat (ha) 101.2 82,4
diiu Ira cua ldc gid 2011
Trong do Dat nong nghiep 96,4 79,3 28.0
Dat phi nong nghiep 4,8 3,1 1,1
Ngudn: Ban
Dac diem co so ha tang kinh te - xa hoi tai
cac diem tai dinh cir
Tai cac diem khao sat, chtjng tdi nhan thay
cac diem TDC deu dugc Nha nude dau tu kha
hoan chinh ve co sd ha tang Tai ca 3 diem
TDC diu cd dudng be tdng chay tir dudng
quoc Id vao den trung lam ban Dac biet Ban
Khiin I, n§m trong khu TDC Mudng Hung,
dugc diu tu tuyen dudng Na Ha - Mudng
Hung, chay dgc qua 6 diem ciia khu TDC nay
vdi ngudn von dau tu ton Con ddi vdi diem
Ban C5 va Ban Mo, tuy8n duong be tdng tir
dudng qudc Id vao trong trung tam ban Viec
dam bao dudng xa di lai thuan Igi la nhan td
quan trpng de thuc day kinh te, ddi sdng xa
hgi cita dan TDC di ten Viec xay dung cac
tuyen dudng dd tao dieu kien de dan cu di lai,
trao doi thdng Ihuong hang hda, thuc hien
mdi giao luu viing mdt each de dang
Ben canh viec d^u tu cac tuyen dudng, viec
dam bao nguon dien phuc vu dan sinh cung
rk lot Tai 3 diam TDC nghien cuu, 100%
cac hg dan diu dugc su dung dien va dii
ngudn di^n cho sinh hogt, san xuat Viec cung
cap dii dien cho nhan dan gdp phin hien dai
hda san xuat, nang cao trinh dg dan tri dong
bao Nguon nude sach la du an ciia chinh phii
cung cap cho cac diem TDC va hien nay tai 3
di^m khao sal diu cd h? thdng nuoc sach keo
qudn li du dn TDC thiiy dien San La huydn Sdng Ma
den cac hd dan, dap img nhu cau va dam bao ve sinh an loan trong sinh hoat ciia nhan dan
Giao due ludn la ITnh v\xc xa hgi duoc coi trgng
hang dau, nham nang cao dan tri, cai thien va phat trien ddi song diem TDC, Tai 2 diem TDC tap trung (Ban Kluin ! va Ban C5) deu dugc xay dung nha tre, mau giao cho tre em den trudng, nang cap va xay mdi top lieu hoc Ddi vdi hgc sinh cap Trung hpc co sd va Trung hgc phd thdng, thi hgc tap irung lai cac diem trudng ciia xa va thi Iran
Ca sg y ll cua cac diem TDC deu dugc dam bao d muc Ao nhat dinh viec cham sdc sue
khde cho cdng ddng dan cu, thdng qua cac tram y tl xa va benh vien da khoa huyen, cdn lai cae thdn ban thudng chi cd I y la hoae dugc sT dugc dao tao qua trung hoc chuyen ngliiep, nham hudng dan su dung thudc cho
ba con va so ciru Ihdng thudng khi cd Irudng hgp dm dau, tai nan xay ra,
TiNH HiNH SU' DUNG D A T V A HOAT DONG KINH TE TAI cAC DIEM TAI D!NH CU"
Tinh hinh su dung dat
Theo quy hoach Ban quan ti TDC luiycn Sdng Ma giao cho 3 diem TDC co c;iu su dung dat nhu sau:
Cd thi thay dien tich dit dugc giao clio d.iii
TDC chii yeu la Akx ndng ngliiep chiOm lin
95,0 % tdng dien lich dal duac giao nham
Trang 4dap ung nhu cau san xuat ciia nhan dan, Tren
thuc te cac hd dan d tren 3 diem TDC da nhan
duoc tren 90% sd dat theo ke hoach ban giao
ciia Ban quan ly So dien tich dat cdn lai dang
trong qua trinh xay dung phan bd ban giao
cho nhan dan de dam bao cho san xuat nhan
dan tai cac diem TDC, Do sd hg dan ddng nen
dan cu da tien hanh tu khai hoang them, bd
sung dat cho phal trien ndng nghiep
Dien lich dat ndng nghiep cua khu TDC chu
yeu la nuong ray, thuan Igi cho canh lac cay
ngd Dien tich trdng ngd chiem den tren 90%
dien tich dat nuong ray Dat rugng d cac diem
TDC khdng nhieu nen dugc khai thac trie! de
trdng liia nude Dat rugng tuy dien tich khdng
tdn nhung kha tdt nen hieu qua nang suat liia
kha cao, dugc ddng bao khai thac 2 vu trang
nam, Ddi vdi dat nuang, ngoai trdng ngd, do
dieu kien dal dai va khi hau viing TDC thuan
loi cho viec phat trien cay nhan, cho nen mdt
dien tich dat nuo'ng ray dirac khai thac de
trong cay nhan,
Hoat dong san xuat nong lam nghiep
a) Trdng trgl: Trdng trgl la boat ddng chinh
trong sinh kc ciia ngudi dan TDC, chinh vi
vay da cd su dau tu cua Nha nude va nhan
dan cho phat trien san xuat, tren co sd ngudn
dal trdng kha thuan tgi Sd may mdc duoc dau
tu dap irng nhu cau san xuat kha ldn so voi
mirc sdng ciia ngirdi dan 6 Ban Khiin 1, vdi
65 hd dan cd 11 may kea, 9 may nd diing de
xay sat gao, O Ban C5 cung tuang tu nhu
vay mac dii dien tich trdng liia khdng nhieu
nhung ciing dau lu 5 may keo va 4 may xay
sat gao San lugng luang thuc hang nam dap
irng phan ton nhu cau nhan dan, Theo danh
gia thi van de an ninh luang thuc ciia cac
dilm TDC nghien ciru dat 80% dn dinh, 20 %
cdn lai gan dal mirc dn dinh
- Cay ngd: Do nuong ray mdi dugc khai thac
nen dat trdng ngd kha tdt va dat nang sual kha
cao dal khoang 5.5 tan /ha, Mdi nam ngd
dugc Irdng I \u vao khoang thang 5, thu
tioach khoang giira thang dau thang 10 va
cudi Ihang 1 I 1 ticu qua kinh te do trdng ngd
dem lai kha tdt Vi du: Ci Ban C5, san lugng ngo dat trung binh dat 3 tin/hg/nam Nhieu hp dan dat 7 tan/hd/nam Voi gia ngd trung binh tir 5 - 6 trieu ddng/ tan, hang nam mdi hg thu khoang 20 - 30 trieu dong tir viec trong ngo Ddi vdi diem TDC Ban Khim I, cay ngd ciing
la cay trdng chinh, tuy nhien do dan cu diem nay ddng dan, vi vay dien tich dat nuong dugc giao cho cac hd khong nhieu nhu cac diem TDC khac, vi vay hang nam mdi hd chi thu duoc trung binh 2 - 3 tan/ nam
- Cay Ilia: Liia la cay trdng cd vai trd quan trang thir hai, sau cay ngo ddi vai ddng bao TDC, gop phan giai quyet van de luong thirc tai chd cho ngudi dan, Nang suat liia trung binh dat 5 tan/ha/nam Doi voi dat rugng d viing ddi niii, dieu kien dat va khi hau khdng thuan Igi cho su phat trien cua cay liia thi nang suat dd la the hten su nd lire ciia ba con dan ban trong hoat dgng san xuat C) Ban Khiin I, toan bd 12 ha dat rudng dugc sir dung de trdng liia, mdi nhan khau dugc 350 m^ (tinh ca phan dat dan tu khai thac them) San lugng liia dap irng dirge phan Idn nhu cau gia dinh, san lugng liia dem tieu thu lien thi trudng khdng dang ke Ddng bao canh tac mdi nam 2 vu liia: vu chiem va vu miia, san lugng liia 2 miia vu d muc tuong duong
- Cay san: Ngoai 2 loai cay luang thuc tren,
cay san ciing dugc trong a mgt sd noi khu vuc TDC, nhieu nhat d Ban Khiin I 0 Ban
Khiin 1, hd nao cung trdng san, san lugng san cua ca ban dat tren 1000 tan/ nam, cd nhieu
hd cdn dal sane lugng den 4 tan/nam Tuy nhien, san lugng san khong dn djnh nhu cay ngd va liia, cd thdi diem gia san cung bap benh Nam 2012 la nam ba con dugc miia san
va gia san cao, dugc thu mua vdi gia 4 trieu ddng /tan, nhung nhii'ng nam truoc chi dat 2,5
- 3,0 trieu ddng/tan, khien ngud-i dan khong yen tam trong vice phat trien cay trong nay Cay cdng nghiep va cay an qua: Do phSn ldn dien tich dat ndng nghiep tai cac dilm TDC tren deu trong cay luong thirc hang nam, dien tich cay an qua dang kl la nhan So gdc
Trang 5nhan tai 3 diem TDC nghien ciru tren chi
khoang 182 gdc Chu yiu a Ban Mo, san
lugng nhan trung binh d ban Mo dat 150
t§n/nam
Xu hudng chung la cac diem TDC tiip tuc
day manh the manh trdng cay luong thuc ciia
minh, dac biet la trong ngd, liia Ddng thdi
thuc hi?n da dang hoa cay trdng trong san
xuat, phat trien cay luong thuc gan vdi day
manh cay cdng nghiep ngan ngay va dai ngay,
nang cao hieu qua sii dung dat
b) Chan nudi: Phat trien chan nudi dugc
ngudi dan khu TDC phat trien d vi tri Ihu 2
sau hoat ddng trdng cay luong thuc Tat ca cac
hg trong diem TDC deu phat trien chan nudi
theo hinh thtrc hg gia dinh Cac vat nudi dugc
lira chgn phat trien deu phii hgp vdi dac diem
dia hinh, khi hau va ngudn thirc an ciia viing
- Chan nudi lgn: Day la loai vat nudi dugc
nuoi pho bien d cac diem TDC, do ngudn
thirc an (ngd, san) cho vat nudi dugc dam
bao Sd lugng dan Ion tai ca 3 diem khao sal
cd xu hudng tang nhanh Nam 2013, dan Ign
dat khoang 1350 con, lang gao 1,5 lan so vdi
nam 2011 Dac biel vdi su hd trg ciia can bd
nong nghiep va vol kinh nghiem san xuat ciia
ddng bao, ti le dan Ign va gia cam bj djch
thap, han che dugc nhilu riii ro trong boat
dgng chan nudi
Lgn dugc nudi pho bien trong cac chudng trai
gia dinh cd su dau tu vl chudng nudi va he
Ihong nude xir li chat thai, thirc an kha day du
nen dam bao cho su phat trien dn djnh ciia
vat nudi, Nhilu hd gia dinh himg nam thu
dugc 20 trieu ddng lir viec chan nuoi ton Sd
lugng dan lgn chan Iha tir do chiim ty le
khdng dang ke, khoang 10 % sd dan Ign
Chan nudi lgn theo hinh thirc nay chti yeu la
cac hd dan khdng cd dieu kien kinh te de dau
lu cd sd vat chat ban dau, nen nang suat chan
nuoi khdng cao hieu qua kinh tl thap
- Chan nudi Trau: Trau la loai vat nudi dugc
nhieu hp gia dinh nudi nham muc dich lay sire
Ivco va phan bdn Sd lugng dan Irau nam 2013
CO khoang 251 con a tai 3 cac diem TDC
dugc khao sat tang gap 1.3 lan tir 2011 Hien nay, nhieu hg gia dinh cdn tham gia nudi re nen sd lugng trau cting cd xu huong tang nhanh Do ngudn vdn ciia ddng bao it di nen nhieu hg da nhan nudi Trau cho cac hd gia dinh sg tai cd dieu kien kinh te kha, sd trau ban dau dugc cac gia dinh sd tai dau lu, hang nam sd trau tang ten dugc chia deu cho ca ngudi cung cap vat nudi va ngudi nudi,
- Chan nudi Bd: Ngudn vdn dau tu de nudi
Bd kha ton nen khdng phai hd dan nao cung
cd dieu kien dau tu Tdng sd dan bd ciia ca 3 diem TDC dat 152 con Tuy nhien cd the thay
sd lugng bd cung tang ten ro ret dac biet ddi vgi dan cu lai Ban Khun I va Ban Mo sd lugng dan bd tang Ien gap ddi tir 2009 den nay Ddi vdi ca trau va bd deu duoc chan nudi dugi hinh thirc chan tha tu nhien Ngoai la cdn chan nuoi de, dugc nudi kha nhieu lap trung d diem TDC Ban C5 cdn cac diem cdn tai sd lugng dan de it hon Hau nhu lat ca cac hd dan deu nudi gia cam, mgt sd hg dan tai cac vimg TDC da lien hanh nudi ddng vat ban hoang da nhu: nhi'm
- Tinii hinh nudi trdng ihiiy san: C* ca 3 diem TDC nghien ciru, thi dien lich mat nude de phuc vu nhu cau nudi trdng thuy san khdng nhieu Nhirng gia dinh cd nudi trdng thuy san chi chiem 10% sd hd dan trong diem TDC, moi hp thudng c6 I ao, rdng khoang lOOm", vdi dieu kien nude dii nude cung cap cho ao trong cac miia trong nam Xu hudng phat trien la ket hgp voi nudi Irdng thiiy san tai cac chan rugng ngap nude vdi trdng liia;
cd thi khoanh nudi tren dien mat hd, sdng, SUOI vdi viec lira chgn nhirng vat nudi phii hgp tren dien tich dd
c) Lam nghiep: Rirng tai khu vuc Tay Bac ndi chung, viing TDC Song Ma ndi rieng da bi khai thac tir sdm va suy giam lai nguyen va san vat rirng khdng cdn nhieu nen hoal dpng khai thac cac san pham ciia rirng nhin chung khdng phat triin Chii yeu la boat ddng khai thac nhd le vdi cac san vat chinh nhu mang mat ong, nam, ciii , nhung vdi sd tugng khdng dang ke
Trang 6Hoat ddng lam nghiep ciia cac diem TDC chu
yeu mdi chi dirng lai a hoat dgng quan ii, bao
ve rirng theo du an cua Chinh phii, cdn hoat
dgng trdng rirng chua dugc phat trien Nhung
theo chuong trinh phat trien rirng, phu xanh
dat trdng doi trgc cho vimg, dac biet tao viec
lam cho ngudi dan TDC, cac du an phat trien
rirng dang dugc trien khai, nham bien dat
trdng ddi mii trgc thanh dat rimg, nang cao do
che phii rimg, dac biet ddi vdi dia ban sinh sdng
ciia cdng ddng dan TDC chti yeu tren viing dat
ddc, nen viec trdng rimg mang gia tri nhieu mat
ca ve sinh thai, kinh te va chinh tri
Cac hoat dpng kinh te khac
a) Thii cdng nghiep: Chii yeu van la hoat
ddng dan lat rd, ra, gio, nom bat ca va cac vat
dung gia dinh khac, hoat ddng don le trang
cac hd gia dinh Ddi tugng tham gia san xual
la ngudi gia khdng cd kha nang tham gia san
xuat ndng nghiep, vi vay hieu qua va gia trj
khdng cao Nhirng san pham lam ra, ngoai
phuc vu gia dinh, sd it mang ban tai cac diem
chg cho dan cu trong vimg
b) Dich vu: Birc tranh ve hoat dgng djch vu
lai cac diem TDC lim hieu cung tuong tu vdi
birc tranh chung ciia tat ca cac diem TDC
trong viing, Ddi vdi nhung diem TDC tap
irung nhu ban Khiin I va ban C5 thi tai noi
trung tam ban xuat hien cac hang quan nhd,
chii yeu la ban cac mat hang tap hoa dap ung
nlui cau hang ngay, ngoai ra mgt sd hoat ddng
dich vu su'a chu'a xe gan may, dien thoai, ti
vi ,Phan ton cac boat ddng mua ban cua dan
cu dugc thuc hien tai cac diem budn ban d
trung tam xa, co cau hang hoa da dang va sd
tugng kha ton, dii dap irng nhu cau dan cu
Cdn ddi vgi cac diein TDC xen ghep nhu
diem TDC Ban Mo thi mgi hoat dgng trao ddi
budn ban ciia dan TDC gan vdi hoat dgng
chung ciia dan sd tai 3an Mo thudc dia phan
ciia xa Chieng Khuoi,g quan li, day la mgt xa
bien gidi, phat trien nhat trong viing, cd cita
khau Chieng Khuong, hoat ddng djch vu kha
manh, vi \ay dan TDC ban Mo ciing nhanh
chdng tham gia cac hoat ddng trao doi budn
ban vd'i dan cu Lao vung giap bien vdi cac san pham chii yeu la nong san tCr Lao ve va san pham thuc pham che bien, hang tieu diing ciia Viet sang trao doi ben dat Lao KHO K H A N , HAN CHE CUA KHU TAI DINH CU'
Cung voi viec bdi thudng, hd trg TDC, du an thiiy dien Son La cung da ho trg phat trien san xuat cac hg dan TDC, cap dat san xuat, ddng thdi td chirc cac lop khuyen ndng, khuyen lam, khuyen ngu tap huan chuyen giao ky thuat ndng, lam nghiep, chan nudi; trien khai
md hinh san xuat Xai cac hg dan Tuy nhien,
eac khd khan ciia nguoi dan TDC van la bai loan khd doi vdi chinh quyen cac cap
- Hoat ddng kinh te ciia khu TDC cdn mang dam net ciia san xuat ndng nghiep truyen thdng, chua dugc dau tu nhieu, san xuat luong thuc van chiem vai trd chii dao, dac biet ddi vdi viing dia hinh dat ddc nen hieu qua thap
- Viec tai dinh cu thuy dien d day gap nhieu khd khan ve dam bao dien tich dat dai canh tac Hau bet ngudi dan tai dinh cu dugc den bii dien ti'ch hep hon va chat lugng dat xau han so vdi noi xuat cu,
- Chinh sach den bii, tai djnh cu thiiy dien mdi chi dimg d vice den bii sir dung dat va cac tai san bi thiet hai true tiep Cac thiet hai gian tiep va vo hinh khac, ve thu nhap, ve kinh te nhu Igi the tir vi tri kinh doanh, danh bat
ca, tir san pham rirng chua dugc tinh den Trong khi, day lai la diem rat quan trgng doi vdi ddi sdng ngudi dan va ddng bao dan tdc Viec khoi phuc lai dd-i sdng, sinh ke cOa nhirng hg bj anh hudng ddi hdi thai gian lau dai Tuy nhien, cac chinh sach ho trg lau dai
de khdi phuc thu nhap va doi sdng ciia ngudi dan chua dugc chinh sach xem xet vdi nguon tai chinh dam bao trong nhieu nam
- Can cd sir dieu chinh cua cac co quan chtic nang trong viec qqy hoach cac dilm, trung tam budn ban de phuc vu nhu cau trao ddi, buon
ban ciia nhan dan trong vung, dong thai d% tao
sire hilt voi gidi thuong nhan din voi viing
Trang 7Cd the noi, chat lugng cugc song dan cu tir
khi chuyen den noi d mdi, cd nhung chuyen
bien rd ret Nha nude va dja phuong da tao
mpi dieu kien thuan Igi de ngudi dan TDC
nhanh chdng hda nhap voi noi d' moi, yen tam
lao dgng san xuat, Cudc sdng ban dau noi
vimg dat mdi khdng tranh khdi nhirng khd
khan ve noi 6, nhirng tranh chap ve tai
nguyen thien nhien van cdn dien ra, nhung
dang dan duoc khac phuc cd hieu qua Ben
canh sir hd trg khdng ngirng ciia nha nude, su
quan tam ciia cdng ddng dan cu sd tai
KET LUAN vA KIEN NGHI
Hudng di va each tiep can thich hgp de cd the
kh4c phuc dugc cac bat cap d cac khu TDC
Ihiiy dien Son La, dam bao di dan tai dinh cu
ben virng la mdt van de cdn nhieu tran trd, ddi
hdi phai cd cac giai phap thich hgp, ddng bd
va khoa hoc Theo chiing tdi do la cac giai
phap: (i)Giai phap ve td chirc quan li cac
diem TDC: cac ban quan ly du an TDC cap
linh, huyen can co nhu'ng quy hoacti cu the ve
pham vi lanh thd ciia cac diem TDC de cd su
phan chia sir dung dal mgl each phii hgp; can
tao -r su t'sn ket kh'ing girn chat che giua cac
diem TDC, de dan cu tang cudng mdi quan
he, su doan ket, hgc hdi giao luu giua cac
diem; (ii) Giai phap ve vdn, dau tu va xay
dirng hoan Ihien eg sd ha lang: Tang cudng
cac hoal dgng nham thu hiit cac du an phat
trien kinh lc ctia nha nude va cac chii dau tu;
Nha nude tao dieu kien tdt nhat cha dan TDC
dugc vay vdn vdi nhirng cliinh sach uu dai de
phat trien kinh te; lang cudng hd trg dau lu
xay dung co sd ha tang kT thuat; (iii) Giai
phap ve van de su dung lao ddng: Chi'nh quyen dia phuong can cd su dau tu nham day manh cdng tac dao tao bdi duong phat trien nhan luc; can bd chuyen trach thudng xuyen xudng cac dja phuong cung cap cac kien thtic
ve san xuat Irong nhan dan); (iv) Giai phap \e sir dung dat: can co su quy hoach hgp li \e dat dai, phii hgp vgi dieu kien quy md dien tich dat ndng nghiep ciia timg dia phuong, (v) Giai phap ve xay dung co cau cac nganh kinh
te va dau tu phat trien: Da dang hda cay trdng, vat nudi, tan dung ngudn dat dai mdt each c6 hieu qua; xac dinh Ndng lam nghiep la nganh san xuat chinh, tuy nhien cung can day manh cac hoal dgng dich vu va thii cdng nghiep cdng nghiep phii hgp vdi the manh cua tirng dia phuang)
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
i Dang Nguyen Anh, "Chinh sach di dan tai dmh
cu cac cong trinh Ihuy dien d viel nam lir goc do nghien cinj xa hoi" Tap chi Dan so & Phal Uien (so 6/2007)
2 Bao cao kel qua phat Irien kinh le - xa hpi ciia dan lai dinh cu viing tai dmh cu huyen Song Ma (2011), Ban du an lai cmh cu thuy dien Son La thupc huyen Song M5
3 Bao cao ket qua giao dal cho dan t^i dinh cu
thupc huyen Song MS
4, Bao cao kel qua hoal dpng dai song kinh te - \a hpi ( 2011), Chi uy dilm tai dinh cu Ban Khiin I, Ban Mo, Ban C5
5 Bao Huy & Cong su (2005), Lam nghiep, giam ngheo va sinh ke nong thon d Viet Nam, Nxb Ha Noi
6 UBND tinh Son La, (2007) Cong trinh thuy dien Son la va cong lac di dan, lai dmh cu, Nxb
Ha Npi
Trang 8SUMMARY
RESIDENTIAL LIFE AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES IN
SON LA HYDROPOWER RESETTLEMENT AREAS (SURVEY RESULTS
AT SOME AREAS IN SONG MA DISTRICT, SON LA PROVINCE)
Duong Thi Nhu Quynh
Son La Department of Education and Training
To prepare for the construction of Son La hydropower, a large number of residents in the reservoir
series of changes in economic and cultural customs which had been formed and stabilized over many generations Beyond the scope of this article, the authors mainly analyzed people's life situation and their economic activities in some hydropower resettlement areas in Song Ma district; estimated their advantages and difficulties; and thereby, proposed some solutions to the sustainable development of these resettlement areas
Key words: Son La, Song Ma, resettlement, hydropower
Ngdy nhdn bdi 11 '4'2014 Ngdy-phan bien: 24/4/2014; Ngdy duydt ddng: 5/5/2014
Phan bien khoa hoc: ThS Le Tiin Diing - Dgi hoc Thdi Nguyen
' I'^l <l9-}3nS56S Email quynh ck83(ci:gmail,com