Tuy nhien, ben canh nhung tich cyc md truyen thdng xa hpi dem lai, thdi gian qua, Ioai phuang ti?n truyen thdng mdi ndy cung Id "thu pham" gay ra nhihig bdt dn cho mpt sd nudc Bdc Phi vd
Trang 1Di QUAN LY TOT TRUYEN THONG XA HOi
6 NUOC TA HIEN NAY
N G U Y 6 N THANH LQfl*
Thgcte cho thay, hipn nay thdng tin dirge truyin di theo nhirng cdch thirc phi truyin thing vd rit khd kiim sodt Thdng tin trin mgng xd hpi M chiiu, khd kiim chung Mng - sai Id "con dao hai lir&i", vua thuc My xd hpi phdt trien, vua Id "cdng cg" cho cdc thi luc chdng phd, truyin bd nhitng quan
difcm sai trdi, nhdm phd hogi an ninh - chinh tri ^^^ nhiiu nu&c trin thi
gi&i bdng dm muu, thu Mgn "diin biin hoa binh " Bo M, chung ta cin phdi qudn ly tdt truyin thdng xd hpi di cd thi phdng, chdng "tg" diin biin", "ttf chtryen hda '* trong npi bp cdn bg Mng viin vd qudn chung nhdn dan
IVuyen thdng xfi hdi vfi tinh hai
mfit cua nd
Trong dieu kifin cdng nghfi truyfin thdng
sd phdt trifin, mgng xa hdi vd cdc dang thdc
truyfin thdng trfin in-ta-net ngdy cang da
dang, cho ra ddi mpt logi truyfin thdng mdi:
truyfin thdng xa hpi Vdi vipc am tham ra
ddi va di v i o cudc sdng ciia ngudi sd dyng,
truyfin thdng xd hpi dang trd thinh tam d i l m
thu hiit sy quan tdm cua c i c hpe gid cung
nhu nhifiu ngudi tren thfi gidi Tuy nhifin,
dfin nay, chua cd mpt djnh nghia ndo chudn
xdc vfi truyfin thdng xd hpi Hau hfit c i c
khdi nifim dua ra mdi chi dya trfin nhihig
kinh nghipm eda nhihig ngufii dang sd dyng
no trong ITnh vyc t i l p thj (marketing) Xfit
vfi bdn chit, truyfin thfing xd hdi l i cdng
cy truyfin thdn^ sir dyng nen ting cua c i c
mang xa hdi dfi tifip cdn cdng chiing Ddy
dupc coi Id mdt kfinh truyin thdng mdi,
eho phep ngudi diing ed t h l ty sdn xuat
ndi dung Cdc thinh vifin ed t h l tuong t i e
tryc tifip, giin tilp hai chifiu ho|ic da chifiu
m^t cich chii dfing Dgc biet, sy k i t nfii n i y
dua trfin nhdng lifin kfit cd sdn trong Uch
su c i nhdn vfi quan he, gidi tinh, dp tuoi,
sd thich, thdi quen, cdng vific Hoat ddng truyfin thdng xd hdi dupc thyc hifin thdng qua nhifiu "kfinh" khdc nhau, nhu e i c difin dan trfin in-to-nfit, mgng xa hpi, trang nhdt
ky ca nhdn (blog), trang dipn tu, Tir nhung quan difim trfin, cd thfi thdy, tmyfin thdng xa hpi la mdi trudng truyfin thdng mdi dya trfin nen tdng cac dich vy cua web 2.0 Trong dd, web 2.0 dupc coi l i thfi h^ thir hai cua web, nd tgo ra nhilu sy tifin lpi hem cho ngudi dimg C i c thdng tin, dfi lieu dupc cap nhgt hang ngdy, dgc bipt ngudi
sd dyng cd thfi tham gia ddng gdp, chia sfi va lim phong phii thfim cho trang web M|ic du ra ddi chua Idu, song truyfin thdng xa hdi n g i y cang khdng dinh vai trd cua nd trong ddi sdng xd hpi, nhit Id tinh
uu vi$t trong thdng tin lifin lgc va kha nang tuong t i c cao giiia nhieu ngudi Trong tran ddng ddt, sdng thdn d Nhgt B i n xdy ra vao
* TS, Tap chi COng san
Trang 2ngdy I1-3-20II khien lion 15.000 ngirdi
chet, hdng chgc ngdn ngirdi bj Ihirang,
truy6n thong x5 hpi dd ho trp dde Ivc lrong
vii^c chia sc, tlm kiem thong tin v^ thdm hpa
ndy Thdm hpa vira xdy ra, cdc djch vy vicn
thong tai Nh^t Bdn g4n nhu bj tc li$t hodn
toan, nhicu nhd cung c4p djch vy dd han
che cac cupc gpi khien nhieu mang bj tdc
ngh6n Trong khi d6, faccbook, twitter vd
mixi - m^ng xd hpi pho bi^n nhat d Nhdt Bdn
van hogt dpng hi$u qud Hdng ngdn ngudi
da truy cjp vdo mixi dd ddng tdi thdng tin,
keu gpi quySn gdp ting hp cdc n?n nhdn Tir
nh&ng cdnh bdo ve sdng th4n, ljch trinh cua
mdy bay, tdu hda, den danh sdch gia dinh bj
thi?t hgi cung nhanh chdng dupc cgp nhgt
Qua do cd thS thdy, truydn thdng xd hpi dd
trd thdnh "ngudi sdn xuat tin" vd Id "nhan
vien cuu trp" dac lyc cho con ngudi trong
xd hpi hien dai
Tuy nhien, ben canh nhung tich cyc md
truyen thdng xa hpi dem lai, thdi gian qua,
Ioai phuang ti?n truyen thdng mdi ndy cung
Id "thu pham" gay ra nhihig bdt dn cho mpt
sd nudc Bdc Phi vd Trung Ddng, tdc dpng
tieti cue tdi mpi mgt ddi sdng xd hpi cua cdc
qudc gia ndy
Trong qua trinh truydn thong tren cac
mang xd hpi, mpt sd nudc phuong Tdy dd
nhanh chdng tim ra "cdng dpt phd" dS l$t
do md hp cho Id "dpc tdi" d Bdc Phi vd
Trung Ddng Sau khi len ndm quydn, Ngogi
trudng My H Clin-ton dd tich cyc thiic ddy
chien lupc "ngogi giao E" hay cdn gpi Id
ngogi giao mgng didn Kr - chu dpng ket than
vdi facebook, youtube, flickr, twitter dd
tuydn truydn chinh sdch ngogi giao cua My,
ddng thoi tuydn bd sS dya vdo siic mgnh
cua truydn thdng xa hpi dd ddi phd vdi cdc
qudc gia "ddn dp" bdo chi trong nudc
Sau khi chiing kidn facebook vd cdc
mgn| xa hOi khdc "giiip dd" cdng chiing
Igt dd Chi'nh phli Tuy-ni-di vd Ai C^p, Nhd
Trdng bdt ddu Ipd dyng twitter dd cd xiiy
cho phe doi l^p ciia I-ran Ngdy 15-2-2011,^' phdt bidu tgi Trudng Dgi hpe Oa-sinh-ton,
bd H Clin-ton dd tgp trung trinh bdy ve vdn
de "ty do in-ta-ndt" Du lugn thd gidi cho rdng, n0i hdm sdu xa ciia "chien lupc ty do in-ta-ndt" md My dua ra Id lpi dyng tmyln thdng xd hpi dd thyc hipn chinh sdch "d6i ngogi cdng chiing" vdi sdch lupc "didn bidn hda binh", thdng qua sy ddi thogi tryc tidp vdi cu ddn mang cdc nudc, dd anh hudng ddn gid trj quan, phuang thiic hanh djng, tir dd phyc vy Ipi ich cho My Qua dd c6 thd thay, truydn thdng xd hpi cung trd thdnh
"chidn trudng" quan trpng 6k cac nudc
phuang Tdy tien hdnh "c6 xuy vd l|t dd qua in-ta-ndt"
^ Thdng tin tren mang ni hfi: tot
-xau lin \QD
Thdi gian qua, trdn cac trang web, blog
"den" d Vidt Nam xuat hidn nhidu thdng tin sai Ipch nhdm bdi nhp Idnh dgo Sdng, Nha nudc ta, Idm suy giam nidm tin cua nhdn ddn vdo Dang, Nha nudc, nhat la trong thdi gian toan Ddng ta dang tidn hanh kidm diem ty phd binh vd phd binh theo tinh thdn Nghj quydt Hpi nghj Tnmg uong
4 khda XI
D$c bipt, nhieu td bdo phan dpng vd bao chi nudc ngodi thi nhau "tung hiing", ty cho ring, chung dupc "tidp tay" tir "npi bp cdp cao" de bdn chuydn "nhgy cdm" Theo
ca quan chijrc ndng, ndm 2000, "Nghj hpi lidn kdt ngudi Vipt ty do tgi My" ra ddi, cac thd lyc chdng phd dd xdc djnh, phdi tgn dyng cdng nghp hidn dgi cua truydn thdng
xd hpi, nhu blog, didn ddn, mgng xa h$i
dd "phd vd sy bimg bit thdng tin", tgo s\t lidn kdt chJt chd vdi nhihig tdn phdn dpng luu vong d trong nudc qua "mdi trudng" in-ta-ndt Nhihig dm mini va thii doan cua cdc thd Iyc thdng qua truydn thdng xd hOi chu ydu Id:
Thli nh^t, cdc trang blog, didn ddn, trang
Trang 3web ty coi la "dgi dipn" cho "cpng ddng
chong tham nhung", "ddn oan" ddu tranh ddi
quyfin lgi, nhirng ngudi ddi ty do thdng tin,
ty do bao chi, hogt dpng nhu mpt td bio
mgng difin tit Ndi dung chinh cua nhiJng
trang niy li truyfin bi tu tudng chdng phi,
xuyfin tgc chu nghTa Mic - Le-nin, tu tudng
Hfi Chi Minh, phu nhgn vai trd lanh dgo
ciia Ding,
Thu hai, nhifiu trang web, blog, difin
din mgo danh ldnh dgo Ddng vd Nhd nudc,
lpi dyng nhirng bat dn cua tinh hinh thfi
gidi, khoet sdu, xuyen tgc, thli phdng mpt
so difim yfiu, hgn chfi trong nudc ta, dfi dua
ra nhdng thdng tin dpc hgi tdc dpng tdi mOt
sd cdn bp ddng vifin cd bin ITnh chinh tri
non kem, bifin chat, suy thodi nifim tin, cd
tu tudng chdng ddi, bat mdn, nhdm thiic
ddy "ty chuyen hda" trong xa hdi ta
Thu ba, mpt sd nhd vdn, nha bao, nhd
nghifin cim dang tai nhifiu tin, bai khdng
diing sy that, sai trii, phan ddng trfin cac
trang blog ca nhdn Thgm chi, mdt sd can
bd, ddng vien, trong dd cd ci nhung ngudi
timg la can bd quin ly cap cao cung tham
gia vilt bii, phit tdn npi dung trdi vdi dudng
ldi quan dilm ciia Ddng, Nbi nudc Mdt sd
phdn td bdt mdn, chdng ddi lpi dung danh
nghia "phin bifin xd hpi" dfi phfi phdn, phdn
doi chinh sdeh eua Dang, Nhd nudc Dang
chli y, nhifiu ndi dung ddng tdi trfin nhdng
tiang web, blog niy dfiu bi cic thfi lyc thii
dich phdn ddng Idy lgi tin, bii, thdm chi
"tdi trp" dfi tao dyng du lugn, tiln hdnh npi
cdng, ngoai kich, nhdm gdy bat dn trong npi
bp dpi ngu cdn bp, ddng vifin, chdng phd
Ddng, chfi dp ta tu bfin trong
Qua dd cd thfi th4y, vifc phat tin nhirng
thdng tin dpc hai nhu v^y trfin mgng xd hpi
vdo Viet Nam la vfi cung nguy hifim, dnh
hudng nghifim trpng, gay hoii nghi trong
nhan ddn vl vai trd ldnh dgo ciia Ding vi
Nhd nudc, gay tic dpng rdt xdu trong du
ludn xa hfii
Nhung van de d$t ra trong quan Iy truyen thong x0 h^i 6* nu'dc ta
Ndm 1943, nhi tdm Iy xd hpi hoc ngudi
My K Lu-uyn da dua ra khdi niem "ngudi gdc c6ng" Theo dd, luong thdng tin nhdt djnh dupc dua vdo mpt kfinh nio dd ho^c dupc luu thdng hay khdng, quyfit dinh bdi
y nguyfin cua ngudi truyfin thdng NhiJng ngudi tdc nghiep trong cdc ca quan bio chi, truyfin thdng nhu phdng vifin, bien tap vifin, id "ngudi gdc cdng", vipc hp lya chpn, sdn xudt, bifin tgp npi dung thdng tin
dd quyet dinh vipc cung cap nhung thdng tin ndo cho cac doi tupng truyfin thong, nhdm tgo ra mpt dn tupng ndo dd cho ngudn thdng tin do"'" Sau khi truyfin thdng xd hpi xudt hipn, chuc nang "gic cdng" cua cic phuang tien truyfin thfing truyfin thong bdt ddu suy yfiu, khd ndng kifim soit true tifip cua chinh phu trong truyfin thdng xa hdi Cling suy giam Tuy nhifin, chinh phu cic nudc vdn cd thfi thdng qua cdc bifin phap dfi
"gic cdng" cac ludng thdng tin duac truyfin thdng qua mdi trudng in-ta-net
Vdi nam gdn ddy, Vipt Nam chung kifin budc chuyfin minh ngoan muc cua truyfin thdng xa hdi Dac bifit Id syphat trifin cua cic difin dan tren in-to-net vfii sd luong thanh vifin ngay cdng tang cao Phan Ion nhiing ngudi su dung truyfin thdng xa hpi d nudc ta chu yfiu
dl cgp nhat thdng tin, chia sfi, giao luu vdi cic thdnh vifin khdc N^oii ra, cic tfi chiic, dan vi cung su dung truyfin thdng xa hdi nhu m$t phuong tifin dfi quing bi, thuc day hogt ddng kinh doanh, hogc kfiu gpi cdng ddng mang tham gia ddng gdp cho nhung hogt dpng td thi^n Tuy nhifin, truyfin thdng xa hfii d Vipt Nam khfing tranh khdi nhung tdc ddng tifiu cyc ddi vdi nhung nguoi su dung
(1) Lewin, Kurt: "Forces behind food habits and
methods of change" Bulletin of the National Research
Council P 35 - 65
S6 844 (thing 2 aim 2tll3) 83
Trang 4Nghien cihi - Trao do'i
Do dd, trong tlnh hinh mdi, di ddi vdi vide
phdt tt-idn tmyln thdng xd hdi, c4n phdi cd sy
"gdc cdng" vd djnh hudng cua cdc ca quan
chiic ndng, de vide sd dyng vd phdt tridn
mang xd hdi thyc sy dem Igi hidu qud tdl
nhit, uinh nhiing Ihdng tin dde hgi, gdv b4t
6n cho sy phdt Uidn cua ddt nudc, cy thd Id:
Kiim duy^t ch^t chl
Thyc tien cho th4y, phuang phdp "gdc
cdng", kidm duydt mgng dan gidn nhdt Id
chjn cdc trang web dpc hgi, dAng thdi dua
cac trang web bj chjn vdo mdt danh sdch
"den", sau dd ngdn khdng cho ngudi diing
in-ta-ndt tray c^p vdo tat cd cdc trang trong
danh sdch dd, hojc cd thd ngdn chjn chpn
lpc ban bdng cdc phucmg tidn ky thujt trdn
mgng Kinh nghidm cua Trang Qudc trong
vdn dd ndy Id ban hdnh 3 dgo lugt vd sir dyng
in-to-ndt, cy thd: bat cir cd nhan hay dan vj
ndo khdng dugrc phdp ty tgo ra nhihig kdt
ndi trye tidp, tdt cd nhihig kdt ndi tryc tiep
vdi in-ta-ndt phdi thdng qua 4 nhd cung cap
do Chinh phi qudn Iy; thudng xuydn gidm
sdt, kidm tra cdng tdc bdo vd an ninh, dieu
tra vd tray td cdc tiwdng hpp phgm phdp;
quy djnh rd nhihig loai thdng tin dde hgi
Phdn cip trong qudn ly ro rdng, c{i the
Vira qua, trong mdt cudc hpi thdo do
Bp Cdng an td chire, nhidu nhd khoa hpe
khdng djnh, vide dp dyng cdc quy djnh ci^a
Nha nudc ddi vdi cdc nhd cung cdp djch
vu in-ta-ndt trong vipc ngdn c h ^ thdng tin
xdu cdn hgn che Bdi vl, khdng it nhd cung
cdp djch vy d$t mdy chu d nudc ngodi,
hodc khdng cd ca quan dgi didn Vidt Nam d
nudc ngodi, didu ndy tgo ra "l5 hdng" trong
qudn Iy Lyc lup'ng hogt dpng qudn Iy trdn
in-ta-ndt ciia m$t sd don vi d nudc ta vita
thidu, vilra ydu vd nghidP vy, djc bidt, nhidu
hogt d$ng chdng chdo, bdt c|lp, khdng phdn
bipt ai chinh, ai phy, khidn ndy sinh hipn
tupng "manh ai ndy Idm" Vide rd sodt,
thdng kd, ddnh gid dung thyc trgng cdc
trang mgng xd h$i, blog cd nhdn cd ihdng
tin xdu, d0c hgi hidn van chua dupc thyc hidn mdt cdch ddy dii vd todn dipn Do dd, chiing ta cdn phdn cdp vd giao trich nhidm cho timg don vj cy thd, nhanh chdng thdng
kd vd cdng bd danh sdch nhflng trang web, blog, diln ddn cd thdng tin dde hgi, tit dd
ik ra nhihig gidi phdp ngdn chjn kjp thdi Xdy chfng bp lpc cong ngh4
Trudc mdt, can ban hdnh cdc lu|t kiem sodt in-ta-ndt cy thd han, xdy dyng vd thidt
kd cdc bd lpc cdng nghd, cdnh sdt mang Mjit khdc, ydu cdu cdc cdng ty cung cdp djch vy in-ta-ndt phdi cd trdch nhidm kidin sodt npi dung trdn mgng Ngodi ra, cdc co quan bdo chi, traydn thdng phdi ddng tdi nhQng npi dung thdng tin chinh thdng nhat
dd cd sy djnh hudng vd chidm linh khdng gian trdn in-ta-ndt DJc bipt, cdn dp dyng cdc bipn phdp theo ddi, ydu cau ddng ky tdn thgt dd kidm sodt cdc hdnh vi trdn mgng, dp dyng kidm duypt cuSng chd ddi vdi nhihig ngudi sir dyng in-ta-ndt
Xu ly nghiem nhimg ke tuyen truyen thdng tin dpc hgi
Can xd Iy nghidm nhihig ai Ipi dyng trayen thdng xd hdi dd ddng tai nhihig thdng tin dde hgi, kich dpng bgo logn; ddng thdi, ydu cdu cdc mgng xd hpi tim ra cac bipn phdp nhdm ngdn ch$n nhihig thdng tin dde hgi tidn in-ta-ndt Truydn thdng xB hpi tgo dio tdt cd mpi cdng ddn trong xd hdi du?c ldng nghe
vd cd CO hdi thd hipn minh 'Hiy nhidn, tiong nhihig thay ddi dd, cdn hidu 16 ddu Id ngudn tin chinh thdng, khdng bj "nhilm" tir nhihig
y do den tdi, thgm chi gdy dnh hudng nghidm trpng ddn sy phdt tridn cda ddt nudc Thd gidi h i ^ nay Id thd gidi md, tdt ca mpi ngudi trdn thd gidi duprc binh ddng vd quydn hudng thy thdng tm, do dd, vipc phdt
ttiln tiuydn thdng T& h0i Id didu tdt ydu
•Riy nhidn, cdn phai cd sy djnh hudng, "gdc cdng" nghiem ng$t, trdnh logi hinh truydn thdng dang "hot" ndy tr* thdnh "bdn sao" cua thudc nd di-na-im'tO