Mac du so voi the gidi, ty 11 thit nghiep d nudc ta ttong nhiing nam qua vin dang la con sfl kha khiem tfln, nhung vin dl nay sinh tu tinh frang that nghiep cao d thanh nifln dang ngay c
Trang 1T H A T NGHIEP g THANH NIEN VIET NAM
VA NHUNG HE LUY
TRINH THI KIM NGQC"
Tdm tdt: That nghiep la tinh ttang nan giai cua nMlu nudc (!) Viet Nam
tinh ttang do moi nay sinh td khi dat nudc thyc hien chuyin dfli sang nin kinh
te thj traong Mac du so voi the gidi, ty 11 thit nghiep d nudc ta ttong nhiing nam qua vin dang la con sfl kha khiem tfln, nhung vin dl nay sinh tu tinh frang that nghiep cao d thanh nifln dang ngay cang gia tang Dae biet, ttong thdi diem dit nudc budc vao ca cau dan sfl vang, thi thit nghiep d thanh nien thyc sy la mgt vin n£in xa hpi, la mpt thich thdc cua phat trien, Iam mit di cac co hgi dugc lim viec, cflng hiln va quyen dugc phat trien ciia thanh nien, lam tfln thucmg tinh than va ttoi bugc nang lyc cua nhihig ngudi dang nufli nhieu khat vgng tgt dep cho Wong lai tuoi sang cua minh va ciia dat nudc
Tic khda: That nghiep, thanh nien, he luy ciia that nghiep
1 T h i t nghiep la gl?
Khii niflm thit nghiep da dugc bin
din tten thi gidi ttong suflt the ky XX
Theo To chde Lao dflng Quflc te (ILO)
"Thit nghiep l i viee ngimg thu nhap do
khflng cd khi ning tim dupc mgt viec
lim thich hpp trpng traflng hgp ngudi
dd cp khi ning lira viee vi sin sang
lim viec"*'' Ba muoi nam sau, ILO lai
dua ra khii niflm v l "ngudi that nghiep"
va khai nigra niy da dupc ddn nhan rpng
rii d cflng dflng quflc tl; "Ngudi that
nghigp bap gflra toin bg sfl ngudi d dp
tupi lira vigc theo quy djnh ttpng thdi
gian dilu tta, cd khi ning lira viec,
nhung khflng cd vi?c lim v i vin dang di
tim kilm vigc lira" Td 2 djnh nghia
trfln vl khai nipra thit nghiep vi rigdfli
thit nghigp cda ILO, chdng ta thay ro
bfln tieu ehi co bin d l xie dinh "ngudi
thit nghiep" dd li: 1) Ngudi trong dO tofli lao dflng; 2) ngudi cd khi nang lao dpng; 3) dang khflng ed viee lam; vi 4) ngudi dd vin dang tieh cyc di tim viec lim Day li cie tieu ehi chung, mang tinb khii quit cao, da dugc nhilu chinh phu tin thinh ung hg vi liy lim ca sd
dl van dyng xem xet khii nigra "ngudi thit nghiep" v i tinh ty le that nghiep tai quflc gia minh 6 Trung Quflc ngudi thit nghiep dupe eoi la "Ngudi ttong dp tufli lap dpng, ce sdc lap dpng, rapng raufln tira viec nhung khflng cfl viec" O Phip, nguoi that nghiep edng dugc xic djnh"li nguci khflng cd viee lira, co
' ' Pho giao su, tien sT khoa hpc, Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi Vipt Nam
'" Ghi trong Dilu 20, Cong uoc so 102 (n5m 1952) cua T6 chue Lao dpng Quoc tl (ILO) ve cac quy phgm an toan xa hpi
Trang 2dilu kien lim viec v i dang tieh cue tim
ea hfli viee lim" Trong Luat Bip Mem
thit nghiep d Cgng hda lien bang Due
(1969), "Nguoi thit nghiep l i ngydi lao
dpng tam thdi khflng cd quan he lao
dgng hoac ehi dupc thyc Men cflng viee
ngan ban" Do cac dieu kien kinh t l - xa
hpi (KT-XH) khic nhau, nen quan niflm
v l nguei that nghiep ce the cen khic
nhau v i thyc te van dfl thit nghiep cdng
duge cac chinh phu xem xet theo nhdng
each khic nhau Tuy nhien, quan dilm
mang tinh khii quit eao cda ILO da gop
phan dua ra rapt cii nhin tpan dien ve
van nan thit nghiep nhu rapt trpng
nhdng van de cda quyen con ngudi
trade nhu eiu vuon tdi mgt cupc sflng
np du, CP ich, dugc dim bio an ninh thu
nhap va khflng ngdng nang cao ning lyc
phit trien eua mgi thanh vien xi hpi, dd
hp sflng d quflc gia nio
6 Viet Nam, thuit ngd "that nghiep"
da dugc de cap trong nhdng van kien
quan trpng cda Ding v i Nha nude trpng
suflt may ky dai hpi gan day, thi hien
nhu rapt cinh bio xa hpi trong cic
Chien luge phat triin KT - XH cie giai
doan 2001- 2010 v i 2010 - 2020 Nara
2006, khai nigra "ngudi that nghiflp" d
Viet Nara di dupe Mat hda v i trd thanh
rapt thuat ngu phip ly tai Khpin 4, Dilu
3 cua Luat Bip hilm xa hpi (BHXH) la:
"nguai dang dong bdo hiim that nghiep
md bi mdt viec ldm hodc cham diet hap
dong lao dgng, nhung chua tim dugc
viec ldm" Nhu viy, Luat BHXH ehi
tinh ngudi that nghiep trong phara vi
nhimg lao dpng ddng BHXH bit bupe
thi d Viet Nam eac chi bio vfl "ngudi thit ngMep" se chi thi Men dugc mot phan lyc lugng lao dpng Men khflng co viec lim Vi vay, d Viet Nam 2 khai niflm "ngudi khflng cd viec lim" va
"nguoi that nghiep" lufln song song tin tai nhung khflng hoin toin trdng khdp vdi nhau
2 T h i t nghiep d thanh nien tren toan cau
Mae du khiing hoing kinh t l toin ciu duong nhu da qua, nhung that nghiflp nhu mpt he lyy cda nd van cen li mgt ttd ngai dai dang dfli vdi cic nin kinh tfl Theo Bio cio ve "Xu huong Viec lam Toin ciu cho Thanh nien 2013" cira ILO, dupe eong bo tai Geneva (Thyy sy) vio thing 5/2013, khiing hoing viec lam d thanh nien toan ciu dang difln ra ttfln quy mfl ehua timg ed Tren the gioi, '
ty lfl thanh nien khong cd viec lim cao hon gap 3 lin so vdi lao dpng Ion tuoi,
va cd 10 ngddi thit nghiflp thi cfl 4 nguoi ttong so dd l i thanh nien Trong
dd, tai Dflng Nam A v i Thii Binh Duong muc chflnh lech nay la 4,6 lan -day li mue tfli tfl nhit tren thi gioi tir ttn'dc dfln nay Ty le thit nghiep d doi togng l i thanh nien toin eau tinh tdi thing 12 nam 2013 da len tdi mdc gan 12,7%, toong dng vdi gin 73,4 tri^u thanh nien toan cau trong do Wfli td 15
-24 khong ed viec lim trong tflng so gan
200 trieu ngudi thit nghiflp tren tota cau Ty 16 niy edn duac dy bio co the
se cdn tang len din 12,8% vio nSm
2018, khi lai ed them vii tri?u thanh nifln tt6n lain ciu nua sS lai tilp tuc gia
Trang 3nhip dpi quan bi mit viec lim
ILO cdng nhan manh rang, mac du la
lop nguoi duac dao tao ca bin v i cd
nhiflu ky ning raim cin thilt cho cic
loai hinh cong viec trong nin kinh te tti
thdc, nhung thanh nien vin dang la dfli
togng chju tic dgng nismh nhat ta khung
hoing kinh te toin eau, vi thi nguy ea
mit viee lim cua hg cap gip ba lan sp
voi nhiing ngudi lao dpng Ipn Wfli hon
Nguy ca thit nghiflp trong thanh nifln
sfl con gia tang d khap cic khu vuc tten
the gidi, dac biet tai Li6n minh ehau Au
(EU), Trung Dflng, Bac phi v i Tiy Nam
A, noi ma ty le thit nghiep trong thanh
nien da ting vgt k l ta nam 2008 cho tdi
nay vi chua cd diu hieu se thuyfln giim
Dy bio, d Trung Dflng, ty lg that nghiflp
ttong dfli Wong niy se ting den 30%
ttang nam 2018 v i d Bic Phi sfl tang len
23,9% Nhu vay, nii rp td khung khoing
kinh t l da tao nen "mgt the he bj dat ben
lfl", bao gflm nhung thanh nifln dupc dip
t?o CO bin, nhung khong ed hi vpng ve
khi nang lim viee dl ed thi ty tao cho
minh mgt cuflc sflng 6n djnh, bfln vthig
Nhit li, d cac nude dang phit ttiln "thi
h? bj dat ben l l " niy li nhdng thanh
nien ngheo v i chinh hg da lim gia ting
ty 1? ngheo ttfln thi gidi Theo ILO "Khi
thanh nifln d nhilu nude dang phit trifln
vin tilp tyc lam vio einh dfli ngheo, thi
hi vpng thoit ngheo v i nilra tin ve ragt
dOng lye thue diy phit triin bdi nd lyc
cua thanh nien d cic nudc thu iihap thap
vin dang cdn li vin di bl tie" ILO
cung nh?n djnh ring, do mdi budc vio
thj tradng lao dflng, kinh nghigm vi ky
ning cdn nMeu han ehe, thanh nifln that nghiep thudng nhay cira hon dfli voi cic bifln dflng xa hgi v i su phyc hfli cua thj traong viec lira dii vdi thanh nien thudng cd xu huong chim v i kho khin ban so voi nguoi traong thanh Trong khi do, nguoi traong thinh thuong ed khi nang chju dung nhdng diiu kien s6ng khd khin (nhu: ddi kh6, lim viec eye nhgc ,) eao hon thanh nifln Nflu khflng kjp thdi ed cae gdi tii ehinh hfl ttp viflc lira v i thu nhap eho thanh nien, thi cugc sflng thieu thfln, bip bflnh cua
hg se li nguyfln nhan tao nen nhieu te nan xa hpi m i khfl ai cd thi luong trade dupe nhtmg hau qui thep sau nd
3 That nghiep o^ thanh nien Viet Nam Nam 2013 li nim thd 6 Viet Nara roi vio tinh trang tri trfl, phit trien dudi radc tilra ning Day cung la giai doan bit In kinh te vT rafl keo dii nhat d Viet Nara tinh td diu thap nien 1990 din nay Trong "bdc ttanh thit nghiep" dang diin
ra trfln toan cau, Viet Nam cung khflng
la ngoai IS Ty lfl thit nghiep d thanh nien nudc ta thyc te da cao hon gap 3 lin so voi ty lfl niy d nguoi tradng thinh (ta 25 Wfli trd len) Sfl lieu cda Tflng eye Thflng ke eho thiy, lye lygng lao dflng ta 15 Wfli trd len treng ci nude tai thdi dilm 01/7/2013 ude tinh khoing 53,3 trieu ngudi, tang 715.600 nguoi so vdi thdi dilm 01/7/2012 vi ting 308.000 ngudi so voi sfl lugng lao dgng tinh t?i thdi dilra 01/4/2013, trong dfl lao dpng nara ehilm 51,1%; lap dpng nd chiem 48,9% Ty le that nghipp d thanh nien td
15 - 24 tufli cting lien tye gia ting, vdi
Trang 45,07% (2011), 5,68% (2012) v i 6,15%
ttpng sau thing day nim 2013; ttong do
khu vyc thinh thj 16n tdi 11,45% (cao
hon bin so voi cdng ky eic nim 2011
v i 2012 vdi cie ty lfl Wong dng l i
8,83% va 8,91%); khu vyc nflng thfln ty
Ie thanh nien khong ed viec lim l i
4,41% Trong khi do, ty 16 thit ngMep
cda ngydi tradng thinh (ta 25 W6i trd
len) ttong say thing diu nam 2013 udc
tinh chi khoang 1,34%, ttong do, khu
vyc thinh thj l i 2,55%, khu vyc nong
thfln la 0,8% Ty lfl thit nghiep d thanh
nien Viet Nara hien dupc xie djnh cao
xap xi vdi cac nude d khu vye Dflng
Nam A vi Thii Binh Duong v i cdn cd
xu hudng tilp tyc gia tang do sin xuit
kinh doanh trong nude gap khd khin Ty
16 that nghiep d thanh nien tai khu •vyc
thinh thj cae gip 4,5 lin ty le thit
nghiep cda ngudi tradng thinh, v i thanh
nien dp Wfli ta 15 - 24 ttd thanh nhdm
thit nghiflp dflng nhit, ehilm tdi 59,2%
ttong tflng sfl ngudi thit nghiep, cd thi
Mflu li ban 14 lye lugng thit nghiep d
Vigt Nam Trgng khi dd, nhdm din so ta
15 - 24 Wfli chi chiira 32,8% tong dan
sfl ta 15 Wfli ttd Ifln cda e i nude'^'
Nhdng sfl Ueu ttfln ehua tinh din mpt
vin dfl dang tfln tai ttong viec lim d
Vigt Nam la, khdng it thanh nifln da phii
chip nhan lim nhimg eong viee dpi hdi
vl hpe vin v i ky ning thip hon trinh dp
CO duge cua bin than vdi thu nhap cung
thip hdn khi ning co thfl, dl duy tri mot
cuflc sflng vdi chi tiflu de dat
Trong khi do, tai Bao eio Kmh t l vT
mo nam 2013 dp Uy ban Kinh t l cda
Qudc hgi cflng bo, Trang tam Phan tich
va Dy bio thuflc Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam da dua ra nhiiu dir bio v i trien vpng thi traomg lao dpng giai doan 2013 - 2015 li, nhu ciu viec lim ttong nude tang khping 1,9% ttong nim 2013, 1,6% nam 2014 v i 1,5% nam
2015 Day l i rapt thue te khifln nhdng ngudi quan tam din cie vin di xa hOi can phii suy nghT Tuy nhifln, khi bin vi van dfl thit nghiep d thanh nien Viflt Nam, Men dang t i n tai 2 Mflng y kiln khic nhau
Thic nhdt, vdi dac thd cda mpt nin
kinh t l cd tdi tren 20% GDP ta nong nghiep, vdi 68% dan sd lim nghi nflng
v i cdn cd tdi '/< lyc lugng lao dpng dang edn ed viee t£ii khu •vye phi chinh thdc, thi du ty le that nghiep d thanh nifln co tang cao cung khdng ed y nghia gi nhilu
d nudc ta Bdi sau mpt thdi gian rait viee, khi khdng ed thu nhap, sfl thanh nifln thit nghiflp se rdi bd thj ttuong lao dpng v i ttd ve que lira viec d khu vyc nflng nghiep hoac lim viec nhi Mgt thye tfl li, nd thanh nifln gjp nhilu kho khan ban khi tira viee lira so vdi nam thanh nifln; nim 2012, ti lfl thit nghi?p eua thanh nifln nu li 8,3%, trong khi tj
16 niy d nara chi l i 5,9% Nlu cic thanh nien nd khong ed viec lim, hp nhanh ehong ttd vfl nhi gidp vifc gia dinh, nSn
ty 16 thit nghiep d nd du cao ciing
Theo CAFEF, Bdo cdo tdi chinh kinh ti Viit Nam 6 thdng 2013, tr.5; Nguyin ThSng va Phgni Minh Thai, Bdo cdo tgi Diin ddn Kinh te Mm Thu 2013 diin ra tai Tp.Hul vao thang 10
Trang 5khflng ding IP ngai*^' Hon nda, ttong
nhieu traong hgp dl giim thilu tic dpng
tieu eye cda lam phit v i thdc diy ting
traong, cd thi eho phep dinh dfli bing
viee gia tang ttong ehimg mde cd thi ty
lfl thit nghiep ttong thi traong lao dgng
LuSng y kien nay •vua duac dua ra da
nhin dupc sy phin dng ma'nh me cda
cac nhi nghifln edu v i hpat dpng x i hfli
Thic hai, ty le that nghiep d thanh
nien Viflt Nara dang cdn thip hon so voi
thfl gidi bdi cdn ed nhieu viec lara d khu
vyc nflng nghiflp va nhtmg viec lira ty
tao d khu virg phi chinh thdc, nhung
nhdng chi bao thit nghiep ehi li "phan
nfli cua ting bang chira" vdi bilt bao
vin di KT-XH dang cdn phii lira ro
trong "phin chim" chua ro quy mo va
tic dpng eong phi cda nd Nhieu nghifln
cdu cua cie hpc gii quflc tfl di khing
djnh, nhdng he lyy eo nguyen nhan td
vin nan thit nghiflp d thanh men khflng
chi tie dOng khflng mong mufln tdi nfln
kinh t l ndi ehung v i thu nhap eho cie
gia dinh ndi rieng; thit nghiep d thanh
nifln con l i mot cinh bio xa hpi cip
thilt dfli vdi sy 6n djnh cda cpng dflng
vi phat ttiln bin vung cda dat nude, rai
nhttng nhi nghien cuu xa hfli vi van
dpng chinh sich khflng nen bd qua
4 NhOng hf luy tir that nghifp
o-thanh niSn
Thit nghiep li mOt Men togng KT
XH, xuit hien dudi tic dpng cda nhieu
ylu tfl hpp thinh, ttong do ed nhdng yeu
to •vda li nguyfln nhin •vua li he qui
Theo chiiu ngupc l?i, thit nghiep, nhat
li thit nghigp d thanh nien, lufln cd tie
dflng khflng mong raufln ttd lai dfli vdi phat triin KT - XH Vi vay, phan tich ro tic dflng qua lai gitta cie yflu to KT
-XH dfli voi hien Wong that nghipp, nhit
l i thit ngMep d thanh nifln, lim ro nhitng he My cua hien togng dd li viec lim ein thiflt
4.L Thai nghiep dr ihanh niin lam gidm tdng trudtng kinh te vd gia tang Igm phat
Ty 16 that nghiep eao giy tfln hai eho nen kinh tl, khi tflng sin phim quflc ngi (GDP) thap v i ngufln lyc ve eon ngudi khflng dugc sd dyng Dae biet li, thit nghiep d thanh nifln gia tang ed nghTa la mpt lye lupng lap dpng xa hpi tiim nang nhat khflng dupe huy dgng vao hoat dflng kinh t l tang Ifln Day li sy lang phi lao dpng xa hpi ghS gom, ttong khi ngan sich nhi nudc ndi ehung vi ngufln tii ehinh cda cic gia dinh ndi rieng con dang rit eo hep Td tinh toin thye te cda eae ehuyfln gia xa hpi hpc cho thay, ngay ci khi xem xflt cic doanh nghiep nhfl vi siflu nhd, ehi cin mfli doanh nghiep cd td 5 dfln 10 lao dgng, khi vii ttam ngin doanh nghigp ddng cda nhu d nudc ta, thi so ngudi mat viec ed thi Ifln din ci trieu ngudi Nlu thu nhip binh quin tai eic doanh nghiep mdc 3 trigu dflng/ngudi/thing thi sfl thu nhap cua ngudi lao dgng mit di cua ci trifu lao dgng sS l i 3.000 ty dflng/thing (Wcmg duong mdc 150 trigu USD) Dac bigt,
'^' Ngpc Tuyen Ty I? thdt nghiep khdng cd nhiiu y nghia d Viet Nam, Bao Vnexxpress,
ngay 22/11/2013
Trang 6khi thit ngMep xiy ra, cua cii vit chat
khong nhihig khflng tang thflra rai cing
ngay cing tiflu hao them nda, thiet hai
do "eon bao" that nghiep rat Ion, cd th6
Ifln tdi hing ty USD mfli nam eho mfli
quflc gia d Viet Nam dudi tic dflng eua
khung hoing kinh te the gidi, hing ttim
ngin doanh nghiep vda v i nhd bupe
phii ddng cda hoac giii thi Theo cflng
bfl cua Phdng Thuong mai v i Cdng
nghiflp Viet Nam (VCCI), tinh den ngiy
01/4/2012 Viet Nam ehi cdn 312.600
doanh nghiep dang boat dpng trong tflng
sfl tten 694.000 doanh nghiep da thinh
lap, tac l i da ed tdi 382.000 doanh
nghiep nudc ta phii ddng cda va ngimg
ho?t dgng thdi gian vda qua''" V i mfli
doanh nghiep ddng eua khflng chi eo 3
hay 5 ngudi mit viee, m i c i hing tram,
thira chi nhiflu doanh nghiep cd hing
ngin cflng nhin
Thanh nifln li nhdra dan sfl ddng vai
ttd quan trgng xet vfl gdc dp kinh te: hg
vda li dpng lye eho sin xuit, vda li
dpng lyc chp tieu dung Diflu dp ed
nghTa l i thit nghiflp d thanh nifln se gin
lien vdi khung hoing d e i hai chilu sin
xuit v i tieu dung eua nin kinh tl Thanh
nifln luon cd nhu eau tieu dung eao,
ttong khi khflng cd viee lira (tde l i
khflng cd thu nhip) at se din den nhtrng
eang thing trong cugc sflng Thanh nifln
li nhdng ngudi ning dpng, ludn tim tdi
vi lufln cd khit vpng dugc thi Men v i
eong hien, nlu bj "khdng ehi" bdi
nhdng chinh sach viec lira chda phd
hpp thi cd the gay ra xung dot xa hpi
Nhu vay, tinh ttang thit nghiep d thanh
nifln l i mpt van dfl KT - XH nan giii, ein phii giii quylt sorm, nhit l i khi tinh hinh KT - XH da ed nhieu thay dfli
4.2 Thit nghiep & thanh nien inh hudng trtfc tiip Sen thu nhgp vd tcA sdng cua ngu&i lao Song cUng nhu gia Sinh hp, Song thdi tgo nen nhttng gdnh ngng cho an sinh xa hgi va nin kinh te
Ngudi lao dpng bj thit nghiflp, tdc se mat viee lim v i ngufln thu nhap thuflrng xuyfln nuoi sflng hp v i e i gia dinh Do
de, cupc sflng cua bin than ngudi lao dflng v i gia dinh hp at sfl ttd nen kho khin hem Eo hep v l tii chinh, nhieu nhu can thiet yflu eua gia dinh sfl bj cit giim; mpt sfl dieu kien hpc tap cua con cii ngudi lao dpng cung sS khflng dupc dip dng; khong Mflm traong hgp m^t vii con em ttpng gia dinh phii nghi hgc
de di lim giup cha me Dac bigt khi ngudi thit nghiep l i thanh nien, nhu ciu hpc tap, tu dio tjo lai di chuyin dfli nghe nghiep l i rit Ion Tuy nhifln, khfl khan ve tii ehinh da thu ti6u cic co h^i hpc tap eua thanh nifln de hp c6 thi nhanh chdng trd lai thj h'yomg lao dpng
Cd the ndi, thit nghiep d i "dfln" thanh nifln, nhdng ngudi sin sing rapt cugc sflng lao dgng sang tao, din sy bin cdng, chin nin v i bat lyc trade cugc sflng Mit viec lim v i thu nhap li mit
*' Bao cao thucmg nien doanh nghipp Vipt Nam nam 2012 ciia Phong Thucfng mai va Cong nghiep Vipt Nam (VCCI) ngay 18/4/2013 dS cong bo, trong do neu thyc ttgng quy mo doanh nghipp dang teo top, so lugng doanh nghipp phi san gia tang den chong mat
Trang 7CO hgi phit trien, to sy mat ty tin v i
eung bj suy giim niem tin, thanh nien
thit nghiep thyflmg d l ding din voi
nhdng sai phara ding tiic
That nghiep lufln l i ragt noi lo Ion ddi
voi cic nen kinh tfl, nhat l i d cac nude
dang phit trien vdi he thflng an sinh xa
hpi chua hpin thien nhu nudc ta BChi
that nghiep gia tang, ehinh phd cic nudc
dang phii ed nhdng "gdi cdu ttg" khin
cip dl giai edu nfln kinh t l v i phai chi
mpt khoin tiin khflng 16 dfl trg cap thit
nghiep, gidp cho ngudi lao dgng qua
con nguy khfln vfl kinh t6 N6n kinh te
von da tri trfl lai phii chju thflra nhiing
ginh nang do cic gdi ttp gii eho tieu
ddng, hfl trg ngddi thit nghiflp tira kilm
viee lim Do vay, thit nghiep trd thinh
mgt thich thdc to Ion eho an sinh xa hpi
vi sy phit triin ben vdng cda rapt nen
kinh tl Tuy nhien, diy chi la gdi hfl trg
ngin hjn, tara thdi chp ngudi thit
nghifp khi ehua tim dupe viee lira, vdi
diiu kien ngudi lao dpng trade dd ty
nguygn ddng bao hilm thit nghiflp Bdi
khflng cd ragt nin kinh te nao cd the tra
luong thit nghiflp liu dii v i thudng
xuyfln cho ngudi lap dpng
4.3 Thit nghifp & thanh nien gia
tang id Siiu kiSn phdt sinh cdc tS ngn
xa hdi, anh hudng Sin trgt ttf, an toan
cUa cpng Song
Thit nghigp d thanh nifln li vin de
khflng chi cua rapt thi he, rai li vin di
cua ci cpng dflng, khi hing trigu thanh
nien khflng cd vigc lira heic thieu vigc
lim, hg l£ii phii trd v i seng phu thupe
vip eha mg, gia dinh v i sy trp cip thit
nghiep cua nhi nude.Viec lim v i thu nhap cda thanh ni6n khflng 6n dinh se li nguyen nhan hang dau din dfln sy lyc due, bit fln ttong gia dinh, thira chi din den nan bao hinh gia dinh v i cgng dflng rai khflng ai raong raufln Ngoii ra, thit nghiep d thanh nifln da keo theo nhdng khd khan ve tii chinh, diy li dieu kien phit sinh nhdng te nan nhu ttgm cap, cd bac, nghien hdt, mai dira Tfl nan xa hfli nhu vay ed the se gia tang nflu nhu tinh ttang that nghiep cda thanh nifln bi keo dii, bfli d vio thfl "nhin eu vi bat thien" thi nhdng hinh dflng cda gidi tte
la rat khd Mong
That nghiep gia tang d thanh nien cung 14 nguy ca keo theo sy bit fln eho trit ty an toin xa hpi Trong tira ly chin chuong, bl tic, niflm tin cua lop ngudi lao dpng tte dfli vdi ehinh quyen cung bj suy giira theo Tim trang do ed thi sfl li nguyen nhan din den nhtlng bifln dpng
xi hpi khic khd luong, ke ci biin dpng
ve chinh trj De li nhtmg bii hpc thyc te dang diin ra d nhieu quflc gia hifln nay dudi tic dflng cda khung being kinh te
4.4 Thdt nghiep & thanh nien ldm suy giam su'c khde thi chat vd Iam gia tdng cdc nguy cff benh t&t cda lice luffng lao Spng xd hdi
That nghiflp keo theo tfln thit vi thu nhap, td dd li giira ngufln dinh duBng ddi vdi CO the v i gia ting tam ly bat an
Vi the, that nghiflp lim suy giim sde khfle cua ngudi lao dpng tre Cic ehuyfln gia ve sde khee tim than chp bilt, hign nay, sfl ngudi tre phii nhap vign do khdng hoing tim ly ngiy cing
Trang 8cMflm ty le eao Trong sfl cie benh nhan
bi tara than phii vio Vien Sde khde tam
than Quflc gia, Benh vien Bach Mai dieu
tii, cd toi 47% l i nguoi tre tofli (dudi 30
Wfli) Cdn ttong diiu kien binh thudng,
ty lfl ngudi mae cic bflnh tam thin Viet
Nam chiem khoing 1% Tuy nhifln,
ttong giai doan thit nghiep d nguoi tte
tudi tang cao vda qua, ty le niy ttd nen
cao dgt bifln ttfln c i nudc Hien togng
niy dae biet eao d dfli togng la eic chd
doanh nghiep tte Wfli, nhthig nguoi lim
viec trong cic ITnh •vuc kinh doanh v i
nhdng cd nhan dai hgc liu nim khong
tim dygc viec lim
5 Ket luan
Thit nghigp li hien Wang K T - X H
nan giai, l i mgt thich thdc Icjn trong sy
phit ttien eua mfli quflc gia, nd thuong
tic dgng dflng thdi din nhilu raat eua
ddi sflng xa hgi Vi vay, giii quylt tmh
trang thit nghiep khong phii la viec lira
"rapt sdra, mpt chilu", v i khflng chi
bang mgt chinh sach hay mgt bifln phip,
m i phii dupe thye hien ding bp e i he
thflng eic giii phap phat ttiln trong tiin
ttinh thyc thi chifln lupc tflng thi eua
mgt quflc gia Thit nghiep d thanh nifln
Viet Nam phii dupc cpi la rapt vin dfl
cap thiflt, dang ddi hdi nhung quylt sach
dung din eua Chinh phu v l giao dye
-dio tao, lao dflng - viee lim
Tai lipu tham khdo
1 Anthony Terrade, That nghiep, mdi dau
ddu cua khu vuc ddng Euro, Vipt Bao, Cap nhgt
11/04/2012, (Tiing Anh theo The Times)
2 Bp Lao dpng, Thuong binh va Xa hpi, Vdn
de thdt nghiep vd khdi niem ngudi thdt nghidp
Theo http://www.molisa.gov.vn/news/ detail/fabid/ 75/newsid/53837/languagB'vi-VN/ Defiiuit.aspx?seo
=Van-de-that-nghiep-va-khai-niem-%E2%80%9C nguoi-that-nghiep%E2% 80%9D
3 Christine Legrand, Le Chomage, une epreuve pour toute la famille', dang frong bao Croix,21/ll/2012,fr.I3-14
4 Dang Cpng san Viet Nam (2011), Vdn kien Dgi hdi dgi bieu tgdn qudc ldn thiiXl, Nxb
Chinh fri quflc gia Ha Npi
5 Nguyen Thang va Phgm Minh Thai, Bdo cdg tgi Diin ddn Kinh ti Mua Thu 2013 dien ra
tai Tp.Hul vao thang 10
6 Mgc v a n Tiin (2005), An sinh xa hgi vdphdt trien ngudn nhdn luc, Nxb Lao dpng
-XahSi
7 Mgc Van Tiin (2010), An sinh xa hpi va Phuc Ipi xa hpi - cac each tilp can ly thuylt va
thuc tien, Tgp chi Bda hiim xd hgi
8 Trinh Thi Kim Ngpc (2012), Bdo cdo thudng nien: Mgt sd vdn di vi quyin an sinh xa hgi ciig ngudi lag dgng Viet Nam vi mi/c lieu phdt trien con nguai giai dogn 2011-2012, Vipn
Nghien cuu Con Nguoi, Vipn Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi Vipt Ngm
9 Nguyen Minh Thuylt, "That nghidp nhieu
qua - Cai chet dugc bao tmdc ", Bao Ddn Tri,
ngay 14/4/2013
10 Eurostat News release, Euroindicators,
31/1/2012
11 Nhieu cir nhdn dgi hgc nhgp vi^n tdm thdn vi khong xin dugc viec, Bao Giag dye Viet Nam, ngay 23/3/2012 http://giaoduc.net.vn/
Giao-duc-24h/Nhieu-cu-nhan-dai-hoc-nhap-vien-tam-than-vi-khong-xin-duoc-viec-post45691 gd