"Tw Iwc" ban than doi tuvng, chu the "phi chinh thirc" chu yeu li gia dinh va chu the "chinh thiec" chu yeu li nha nw&c la nhwng chu the chu yeu dang ddng gdp de giai quyet nhwng van dd
Trang 1KINH T t HOC - XA H O I HOC
QUAN HE GIU'A NGU'O'I KHUYET TAT VA DlfeU KIEN CUOC S 6 N G X U N G QUANH: NGHIEN CU'U TRU'O'NG
HQP TAI MOT TH! T R A N 0 TINH HA NAM
TERAMOTO MINORU
NQI dung cua bai nay nham tim hieu moi quan he giira ngw&i khuyet tat va dieu kian, mdi trw&ng cuoc song xung quanh, dwa vao nghien cwu trw&ng hap tai mQt thj tran a tinh Ha Nam "Tw Iwc" (ban than doi tuvng), chu the "phi chinh thirc" (chu yeu li gia dinh) va chu the "chinh thiec" (chu yeu li nha nw&c) la nhwng chu the chu yeu dang ddng gdp de giai quyet nhwng van dd trong CUQC song cua ngw&i khuyet tat Cd the ndi quan ha giwa ngwai khuyet t$t vai chu the "phi chinh thiec" va chO the "chinh thwc" xung quanh, la nhu'ng yeu to quyet dinh chat Iwqng sinh ke cCia ngwai khuyet t$t Hay ndi cich khic, dai song cua ngwai khuyet tat d§ bj anh hw&ng b&i si/ thay dSl ciJa mdl trw&ng CUQC song xung quanh
M6DA\J
Muc dich cua bdi nay la viec nghien cii'u
ve tinh hinh sinh k l cua ngud'i khuyet tpt
tpi mOt thj tran d" tmh Hd Nam Khi ndi v l
tinh hinh ngud'i khuyit tat, cd hai md
hinh d l nhgn thuc Thu' nhat Id md hinh
y te (medical model of disability), thu" hai
Id md hinh xd hOi (social model of
disability), Md hinh y t l gidl thfch rang
nguoi khuyet tgt gpp khd khan trong
cuOc sing hang ngay vi cd v i n d l ehuc
Teramoto Minoru Nghien ci>u viSn, Vipn
Nghien CLFU nen Kinh te chSu A (IDE-JETRO),
nang cua than the, tinh than Trai lgi, md hinh xd hOi giai thich rang ngud'i khuyit tat gap khd khan trong cuOc song hang ngay, vi xa hOi (bao gom ehe dO nha nud'c) chua chuan bj dugc dieu kipn day
du cho ngud'i khuyit tat, chu- khdng phai
la do thdn the, tinh than cua ngud'i khuyit tgt Tham khao each nhgn thCrc cua md hinh xa hOii bdi v i l t nghien cu'u
ve "moi quan hp" giO-a ngud'i khuyit tat
vd mdi trud'ng xung quanh trong cuOc sing mdi ngdy Djnh nghTa " m l i quan hp (relationship)" trong bai nay la "tinh chit, khuynh huong cua quan hp giu-a cac chu
Trang 21 T H 6 N G T I N CHUNG VE NGU'O'I
KHUYET TAT 0 VlgT NAM
Theo bao cao cua Chinh phu nam 2006,
t i n g s l ngud'i khuyit tgi a Viet Nam Id
khoang 5,3 tripu ngud'i (chiim khoang
6,34% t i n g dan s6) Hon 80% ngud'i
khuyit tgt'^' s i n g d' khu vuc ndng thdn
(xem Bang 1)
Theo thong ke ndm 2004, s l ngud'i
ngud'i khuyet tat a cdc khu vgc nhu sau:
viing Tay Bac 157.369 ngud'i; vung Ddng
Bae 678.345 ngud'i; vung D i n g bang
sdng Hong 980.118 ngud'i; vting Bde
Trung BO 658.254; vung Duyen hai mien
Trung 749.489 ngud'i; vung Tay Nguyen
158.506 ngud'i; viing DOng Nam BO
866.516 ngud'i; vung D i n g bang sdng
CCru Long 1.018.341 nguoi (Oy ban ve
Cdc v i n d l xd hOi cua Quoc hgi khda XI,
2006, tr 95) Viing ma nguoi khuyit tdt
song nhilu nhat Id Ddng bdng sdng Ciru Long, thir hai Id viing D i n g bang sdng Hong, thCr ba id vung Ddng Nam Bp
2 Dl£U TRA a MOT TH! T R A N TAI TiNH H A NAM
Dua tren tinh hinh chung cua ngud'i khuyit tat Viet Nam, ehung tdi da chpn mpt dja dilm cg the de nghien ciru sdu hon v l cudc song cua hp trong m l i quan
he vd'i mdi trud'ng xung quanh Tong so
d l i tugng dilu tra la 40 ngud'i {thuOc 38 hO) Vd chung ta se xem xet 5 trud'ng hgp lien quan voi cupc sing cua ngud'i khuyet tat nhu sau: (1) khi di eg quan
cdng cOng; (2) khi a nha; (3) mOi trud'ng
kinh te; (4) hodn canh c h i do lien quan; (5) nhgn thu'c cua hdng xdm'^
Cupc dilu tra duge thuc hipn tie ngdy 13
- 19/10/2009 Cach dilu tra Id tare tilp thdm nhd doi tugng dilu tra vd phdng
Bang 1 Tinh hinh Ngu'di k h u y i t tdt* a Viet Nam (nam 2005)
Ting s6 Khoang 5,3 tnpu ngu'O'i (6,34% cua tong dan so)
Khu vgc nong th6n: 87,27% Khu VLFC I56 thj: 12,37%"
Du'd'i 16 tuoi: Khoang 16%; 16-55 tuoi 60%; Tren 55 tuoi: Khoang 24%
Logi dpng t$t ^ ^ n dOng: 29,41%; Than kinh: 16,83%; Thj giac: 13,84%; Thinh giac: 9,32%; Ngon
ngir: 7.08%; Tri tup- 6,52%; Khae: 17%; Chong cheo: khoang 20%
Nguy§n nhdn Bam sinh 35.8%; Benh tdt: 32.34%, Chien tranh: 25,56%; Tai nan lao dpng: 3.49%, Khdc: 2.81%
Khong biet chO' 35,83%; Biet dpc, biet vilt: 12,58%; Trinh dp tmng hpc ca so: 20,74%; Trinh do tnjng hoc pho thong: 24,13%; Hpc nghe: 2,36%
Vipc Idm Tham gia vipc lam: Khoang 58%; Co viec iam va co thu nhap' 25-^35'if
Qiri sdng
Song dga vao gia dinh, ngucn than va trp' cap xa hpi' Khu vyc nong thon 6 5 ^ 7 0 % ,
Khu vyc do thj 70—80%; Hp ngheo, 32,5%, Hp c6 muc song trung binh: 58%, Hp c6 mUc s i n g kha 9%, Hg giau: 0,5%
N g u i n : Chinh phii n u d c Cpng hoa Xa hpi Chu nghTa Viet Nam, 2006
Ghi chu:
' Cf tdi lj$u trgn, v i l t Id "ngy^i tdn tat", chi> khdng phai la "ngu'cri khuyet tat"
Cdc s l li$u cOa Chfnh phu khdng d i n g nhat, nhu'ng toi da ghi ipi theo tai lipu tren
Trang 3v I n vfl-l philu tham do ^ kien Dpi d i l u
tra CO 2 ngyo-i, tfli vg ngyfl^i hfl tra'^' Vg
mgt ngyfl'i phy trach cflng tgc xg hpi cua
Cly bgn Nhgn dan dja phyang di cung de
giai thiflu cac doi typng dieu tra cho
chung tfli
2.1 Nai dieu trg
Djg dilm dilu trg lg thj t r i n Q u i , huyen
ly cue huyfln Kim Bgng, tinh Ha Ngm
Huyen Kim Bgng la huyen co Ijch sii- lau
dai Tai thj t r i n co Den Triic ton vinh anh
hung d i n too Ly Thyong Kiflt (1019
-1105), ngyo-i dygc tuang truyin la dg
tirng d i n djg phuang trong cuflc khgng
chien ching Tong (Trung Quoc) t h i ky XI
2.2 Thong fln chung v l doi tupng dieu
tre
Trong tong s l 40 doi tygng dilu tra l i n
nay ngm gi6i 30 nguo-i, nu- gio-i 10 nguo-i
Cgc doi tygng co nem sinh nhieu nhlt la
Bang 2 Phan loai nam sinh
Nam smh
1930-1935
1936-1940
1941-1945
1946-1950
1951-1955
1956-1960
1961-1966
1966-1970
1971-1975
1976-1980
1981-1985
1986-1990
1991-1995
1996-2000
So lirp-ng doi tu-p-ng (nguo-i)
2(1) 3(1)
1 2(1) 1(1) 6(2) 4(1)
3
3
6
6
0
2
1 Nguon: Tinh toan theo ket qua dieu tra
Teramoto Minoru, 2009
Ghi chCi: S6 trong dau ngoac don la so iu-png
nguoi tham gia chien tranh
trong khoang tir nem 1956 d i n ngm
1960 Nguo-i cfl kinh nghiem tham gig ehiln trgnh lg 7 ngyo-i (xem Bang 2) Tinh trgng khuyet tgt dypc phgn logi nhy sau: than t h i 28 ngyfl'i; thj giac 24 ngyfl'i;
t h i n kinh, tinh than 32 nguo-i; thinh gigc
19 nguai; ngon ngu' 18 nguo-i; tri tue 21 ngyfl'i; khuyit tat ben trong ca the'"' 1 ngyoi; khuyit tgt chong cheo 32 ngyfl'i
Va nguyen nhfln bj khuyit tat vi nhD'ng ly
do sau: chiin tranh 15 ngyfl'i (bao gom 8 ngyfl'i la nan nhan chit dflc dg cgm, trong do 1 ngyo'i lg ngn nhgn tnj-c flip); bam sinh 18 ngyfl-i; bflnh tgt 7 ngyfl-i; tai nan giao thflng 2 ngyo-i
a thai diem d i l u tra, 10 ngyfl'i dg co
nghe nghiep Logi n g h i nghiep cua 10 ngyo-i nay nhy sau: xoa bflp 1 nguc>i; buon bgn 2 ngyo-i; su-g chO-a dyng cy dien 2 nguo-l; nong nghiep 4 ngyfl'i (beo gflm 1 ngyfl'i nufli bfl); su'a chu-a xe dgp
1 ngyo-i
2.3 K i t qua dieu tre Nhu dg noi o- tren, chung tg xem xet ngm truo'ng hpp trong cugc song ciig ngyo'i khuyet tgt de flm hieu moi "quen hg" giu'a ngyfl'i khuyet tgt vg moi trud'ng cugc sing xung qugnh Nam trud'ng hpp nay la: khi di ca qugn cong cpng; khi fl' nha; mfli truo'ng kinh t l ; hoan canh c h i dg lien quan; nhan thurc cua hgng xom
- Khi di ca quan cong cgng
Trong truang hap ngy, chung ta xem xet hgi flnh huong sgu: (a) luc di Cly ban Nhan dan thi trin; (b) luc di bgnh vifln (CO quan y t l )
(a) Luc di Cly bgn Nhgn dgn thj t r i n Trg lai egu hoi: "LCic di Oy ban NhSn dan
Trang 4qua dieu tra nhu sau: "khdng cd khd
khdn": 38 ngud'i; "gap khd khan": 2 ngud'i
Khd khdn d l i vdi 2 ngud'i vi cac ly do:
quy tac cua cdc che dO; phuong tien di
Igi; tiep can tda nha; khodng cdch D l
khae phgc khd khan, 2 nguoi nay dugc
sg giup do* cua gia dinh (cu t h i la bl)
Trong nhung ngud'i da tra Id'i "khdng cd
khd khan", 34 ngud'i nhd' cd sg giup dd'
cua ngud'i xung quanh: ngud'i trong gia
dlnh: 15 ngud'i (bao g i m 1 ngud'i tg giai
quyet); hdng xdm: 1 ngud'i; ngud'i phg
trach cdng tdc xd hgi cua Uy ban Nhdn
dan thj tran: 21 ngud'i Nhu vgy du da trd
Id'i "Khdng cd khd khdn" thgc t l la nhilu
ngud'i phai cd sg giOp dd' cua ngud'i xung
quanh md'i khae phgc dugc khd khan,
(b) Liie di bpnh vipn (co quan y t l )
"Liic (fl bpnh vien (eg quan y t l ) thi cd
khd khan gi khdng?" Cf truong hgp ndy,
d l i tugng tra Id'i "khdng cd khd khan" Id
26 ngud'i Ngud'i tra Id'i "gap khd khan" Id
11 ngud'i'^* Logi khd khan ma 11 nguoi
ndy n6u ra Id do phugng tipn di lgi (8
ngud'i); ehi phi (9 ngud'i) Trong 11 ngud'i
ndy, 6 ngud'i khic phuc dieqtc tinh hinh
do sg giup do* cua gia dinh Mac dii so
lugng ngud'i dd tra Id'i "khdng ed khd
khan" Id 26 ngud'i, nhung trong dd, cd 18
ngud'i dugc sg giup do' cua ngud'i xung
quanh: ngud'i trong gia dinh 17 ngud'i;
hdng xdm 1 ngud'i; nhdn vien trgm y te 1
ngud'i Nhu vgy, trong tnj'd'ng hgp ndy,
da s l d l l tugng duge sg giup dd' cua gia
dinh
- Khi & nha
"Khi d' nhd, cd khd khdn gi khdng?" Cf
tard-ng hgp ndy, cd 37 ngud'i da trd Id'i
ggp khd Wian"'^* Logi khd khan trong trudng hgp nay nhu sau: do thilt bj 10 ngugi; do kinh phi 2 ngucri; do phuong
tien di lai 20 nguxri; do toiyen dgt thdng
tin, do giao luu 11 ngud'i; do chdn gia khdng phu hgp 1 ngud'i; do cuOe song 1 ngud'i; do sire khde 8 ngud'i; do tri tup 4 ngudi; do than kinh 1 ngud'i; do vgn dOng 1 ngud'i; do khong ngung ndi 1 ngud'i; do bao luc 1 ngud'i; do khd giO' tgi nhd 1 ngud'i
Chu the gidi quylt khd khan tren phdn logi nhu sau: ban thdn d l i tugng 12 ngud'i; gia dinh 17 ngud'i, hdng xdm 1 ngud"!; nhd nud'c 2 ngud'i'^
Liie d' nhd, ty le gap khd khdn rit eao (92,5%) K i t qua nay cho thiy khi tim hieu cuOe sing cua ngud'i khuyet tgt, chung ta trud'c hit can phai nghT d i n Bang 3 Phan loai thu nhgp cua cac gia dlnh Mi>c thu nhap
(v^n dong/thang) 0-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350
3 5 1 ^ 0 0
4 0 H 5 0 451-500 501-550 551-600 601-650 651-700 701-750
S6 lupng gia dinh (hp) 15* 5*
2
3
2
0
6
3
0
0
1
1
0
1
1 Nguon: Tinh toan theo ket qua dieu tra Teramoto Minoru, 2009
Ghi chu: 'Bao gom mpt gia dinh c6 thu nhdp 1
Trang 5dilu kien sing a nha cua hp'°'
- Moi tnrang kinh te
Trong tm-d-ng hgp ngy, chung tg xem xet
hai mat, gom thu nhgp cua bgn than doi
tygng va thu nhgp cua gig dinh
(g) Bgn than doi tuang
Trong eac doi typng, so ngud'i cfl thu
nhgp la 30 ngyfl'i, 10 nguai con lai khflng
CO thu nhgp gi 30 ngu'O'i co thu nhgp
tu-cgc nguon sgu: 29 nguo-i duac trp cap
nha nuo-c; 1 nguo-i bao hiem lao dpng; 4
nguai lam viec (logi cflng viec ney la:
ban hang 2 ngyo'i; sii-a chu-a dien thoai 1
nguo-i; xoa bflp 1 ngyfl'i) Vai doi tupng
dygc trp d p ty le mirc tra d p chiem
trong thu nhgp nhu sgu: 91-100% = 26
ngy&i; 81-90% = 1 ngyfl-i; 71-80% = 1
nguoi; 61-70%= 1 nguo-i Nhy vay, trp
d p ciia nha nuac dong vai tro 16-n trong
thu nhgp cCia cac doi tygng dupc dilu
tra l i n nay
Tuy nhien chi co 8 nguo-i co thu nhgp
ego han mit-c song trung binh'^', con 30
ngyo-i thu nhgp thip han mu-c song
trung binh''"' Dieu ney cho chiing ta bilt mgc dil dg so (29 ngyfl'i) dupc nhgn trg
d p nhyng s l tien nhan dupe khflng du
de bao dam cupc s i n g trung binh ciia hg (b) Gia dinh
Vi trong doi tupng dieu tre l i n nay co 2 cgp b l con nen s l gia dinh la 38 hg Trong do, co 2 hp song dflc than va co 5
hg mg thgnh vien gig dinh (trir d l i tuang dilu trg) khong co thu nhgp gl Logi nguin thu nhgp cug cgc gia dinh (tru- nguon thu nhgp cug doi tupng dieu tra) nhu sgu: trp d p 7 hg; luang hyu 5 hg; flin luang 13 hg; nong nghiep 19 hg; ngu nghiflp 1 hg Gia dinh thu nhap thip nhlt la 6 van ding/thang, gig dinh thu nhgp cao nhat thi 720 vgn ding/thgng (xem Bang 3)
Khoang 50% cua cgc gia dinh thu nhjp 6- phgm vj 0 - 1 0 0 vgn dong/thang Gia dinh CO thu nhgp dgt mirc sing trung binh'"' la 8 hp Nhy vgy mu-c dfl thu nhgp cua cac gia dinh con khg thip
S l gig dinh mg thu nhap cug doi tupng Bang 4 Ty lp dong gop cua cac doi tugng dieu tra cho thu nhap gia dinh (Ithang)
Ty lp dong gop (%)
0 - 1 0
1 1 - 2 0
2 1 - 3 0
3 1 - 4 0
4 1 - 5 0
5 1 ~ 6 0
6 1 - 7 0
7 1 - 8 0
8 1 - 9 0
9 1 - 1 0 0
So doi tup-ng
6 , 7 , 8 , 15, 16, 17, 1 9 2 0 , 2 1 , 3 4 , 3 9
32
4 11, 1 3 , 2 4 , 3 0 3 7
14, 18
12, 26, 28 29
1,2,23, 33
35
9, 25, 36
5
3, 1 0 , 2 2 , 2 7 , 3 1 , 3 8 , 4 0
So lupng doi tupng (ngup-i)
11
1
6
2
4
4
1
3
1
7
Trang 6d i l u tra chiem 50% trd' len trong thu
nhgp gia dlnh Id 17 hp (44,7%) (Bang 4)
Cd t h i ddnh gid rang thu nhgp cua cde
doi tugng d i l u tra dang ddng gdp nhat
(Tinh cho thu nhdp cua gia dinh
Khi thilu tien thi cdc gia dinh giai quylt
nhu t h i nao? Bang 5 Id ket qua (5ieu tra lien quan vd'i cau hdi ndy, edc gia dinh gidi quylt theo eac each sau: (1) vay; (2)
t u luc; (3) chju; (4) tilt kiem Trong phuong phap gidi quylt (1) tren, cd 5 each:(a) vay cua ngan hdng; (b) vay cua
Bang 5 Phan logi cdc phuong phap gidi quyet khi thilu tien vd thu nhap (1 thdng) cua cdc gia dinh
Cach
giai
quylt
Vay
^gdn
tdng
Con
Anh
Chi
HO
h^ng
NSng
xPm
Ty-!i/c
Chiu
Phan loai thu nhap 1 thang cua cac gia dinh (van dong)
S6 dot
tuonq
Thu
nh^p
S6d6i
tupnq
Thu
nhjp
S6d6i
tupng
Thu
nh$p
So doi
tupnq
Thu
nhap
S6d6i
lup'ng
Thu
nhap
So doi
tupng
Thu
nhjp
So doi
iupnq
Thu
nh$p
S6d6i
tupnq
Thu
nhdp
1
510
23
20.3
3
340
26
28.7
6(7)
162
8
600
2
720
28
24
9
230-6
(7)
162
11(12)
378,7
20
306
4
308.5
13
73
16 50-60
28
24
21 308,3
5 29-30
16
50-22
110
29 25,3
25 61,8
10
6
19 33,3
27
12
34 33.3
31 109,2
13
73
24 246,8
31 109,2
32*
368,5
14
186
36 23,8
36 23,8
33 20,3
15
5537
37 178,4
39
380
17
100
18
37
30 301,8
35
187
38
12
40 68.5
Thu nhgp binh quan
1 thang (van d6nq)
159,6-20,3
123.2 124,4
28,7
1247
268
193,4 193,5
24
T6ng
so gia dinh ( h «
7
1
8
1
5
8
13
1
N g u i n : Tinh todn theo k i t qua d i l u tra Teramoto Minoru 2009
Trang 7con; (e) vay cua anh chi em; (d) vay cua
hp hgng; (d) vgy cug hang xom Cgch
giai quylt nhieu nhlt la "chju" (13 hg),
thu- 2 la "vgy cug anh chj em" (8 hfl) ve
"ty lyc" (8 hfl), thu- 3 la "vay cua ngan
hang" (7 hp)
Nhflm thu nhgp cao nhlt la nhom da tra
lo'i ' t y lyc" (268 vgn dong, 8 hp), flip
theo la nhom tra lo'i "chju" (193,4 -193,5
vgn dong, 13 hg) D i l u ngy co the ly giei
ring vi nhflm co thu nhap ego han nhflm
khgc nen co the lug chon cgch gigi quylt
ngy'"'
Trong nhu-ng nguo-i tra lo-i "vay tien", thi
nhu'ng nguo-i vay eua nggn hgng co thu
nhgp cao nhlt Cac ngan hang nay cy
the la Ngan hang Chinh sach (4 hg),
Nggn hang Nong nghiep vg Phat triin
nong thfln (2 hg)'"' Bieu nay co t h i ly
gigi rang khi vgy tiin cua ngan hang can
phai chuan bi the ng, cho
nen, ngucri vay ngan hang
phai CO thu nhap nhat dinh
mai vgy duac tien
So lieu cung cho thiy doi
tuang dieu trg dya vao chii
t h i phi chinh thirc nhilu han
chu the chinh thirc, khi ggp
kho khgn kinh t l
- Hoan canfi chi dfl lien quan
0 dgy, chiing ta xem xet quan hfl giu-a
doi tuang dilu tra va cac che dp lien quan Bang 6 cho chiing tg biet ty le doi tupng d i l u trg bilt v l che dfl nguo-i khuyit tat, ve thong fin y te nhu flem phong la dual 50% Trai Igi, ve bilt c h i
dp thuang benh binh, ngn nhgn chit dflc
da cam la han 50%
Bgng 7 cho chung ta bilt khi pho bien thong fln v l cec c h i dfl, vgj tro cug Oy bgn Nhgn dan thj t r i n r i t lo-n Mgc du so lupng d l i tupng dieu tra co bilt v l c h i
dg nguo-i khuyit tat dual 50% trong cgc
d l i tuang dieu tra, nhung s l d l i tugng nhan dug-c thong fln tu- Oy ban NhSn dan thj trin la 12 ngyo-i roi So nay nhieu nhat trong Bang 7
Cac thflng tin lien quan tai c h i dp thuang bflnh binh, c h i dfl nan nhan chit Bang 6 Nhan thuc ve cac che dp
Che dp Che do nguo-i khuyet tat Che dp thuo-ng benh binh Ch^ dp nan nhan chat dpc hoa hpc ThPng tin y te nhu tiem phong
Biet (nguP-i)
14
21
26
8
Khong bi6t (nguP-i)
26
19
14
32 Nguon: Tinh toan theo ket qua dieu tra Teramoto Minoru, 2009
Bang 7 Nguon thdng tin ve cac chi dp
Che do
Che dp nguai lihuyet tat
Che do thuo-ng benh binh
Che dp nan nhan chat dpc
hoa hpc
Thpng tin y te nhu tiem phong
Nguon thong tin (nguo-i) UBND
12
10
12
4
Bai
1
6
7
4
TV
4
7
8
1
3ao chi
0
2
2
0
Bp Cong an
0
1
0
0
Bp me
0
0
1
0
Anh chj
em
0
0
1
0
Hp hang
0
1
0
0
Ban
0
2
3
0
Hang x6m
0
1
6
0 Nguon: Tinh todn theo kit qua dieu tra Teramoto Minoru, 2009
Trang 8dpc da cam, ty tp co bilt hun 50%, chii
y l u qua tivi, dai, bdo chi Vi vpy, cd the
cho rang s g khdc nhau giO'a "dutiri 50%
cd bilt" vd "hon 50% cd bief trong
trud'ng hgp ndy xay ra do s u khdc bipt
v l miPC dp thdng tin qua tivi, dai, bdo chi
- Nhgn thirc cua hang xdm
"Sing tgi thj trin nay, Ong bd ed kinh
nghipm bj phan bipt doi xu* gi hay
khdng ?" 0" truang hgp ndy 37 ngud'i da
tra Id'i "khong cd kinh nghipm nhu thl'^^'"
Nhung, mpt gia dinh (chir khdng phai Id
bdn thdn d l i tugng) trd Id'i ring nhieu
ngud'i sg (dli tugng)'^^' Tuy cd mot
trud'ng hgp dae bipt neu tren, nhung neu
cdu tra Id'i eua cdc d l i tugng dilu tra Id
thdnh thgt, thi da so doi tugng dang cam
thiy rang nhpn thire cua hang xdm doi
vd'i hp CO ban khdng cd v i n de gi
3 QUAN HE GIO'A NGU-Ofl KHUYET TAT VA M O I TRU'O'NG XUNG QUANH Bang 8 cho chung ta thay quan hp giira cac tnj'd'ng hgp trong cupc song vd chu
t h i d l i xu "Tg luc" (ban than d l i tugng), chu t h i "phi chinh thirc" (chu y l u Id gia dinh), chu t h i "chinh thuc" (chu yeu la nhd nud'c) Id nhO'ng chu the chu yeu dang ddng gdp de giai quylt v i n de d' cac trud'ng hgp
Dilm dgc biet lien quan d i n su tra Id'i cua doi tugng dieu tra l i n nay dugc t h i hipn d' trud'ng hgp luc (Ji Oy ban Nhdn
ddn thj tran Theo kinh nghiem d\eu tra
eua tdi'^®', lan dau tien doi tugng dieu tra
da Iga chpn chu the "chinh thu'c" nhilu hon chu the "phi ehinh thuc' trong trud'ng hgp ndy Cd t h i vi "thj trin" Id eho de di lgi hon "xa", do dud'ng t i t hon
Bang 8 Chu t h i doi xir trong mpt so trud'ng hgp d' cupc sing cua nguoi khuyet tat
Tnj'd'ng hpp
3) Khi di noi
cpng cpng
Khi di UBND thi tran
Khi di b^nh vien
® Khi o nha
3) Mdi truo'ng kinh te (nguon thu nhgp
cua ban than doi tup-ng)
® M6i trud'ng
zAc chS dp
Kung quanh
[chu thS ph6
bi4n thdng tin)
Che dp ngud'i khuyet tgt
Che dp thuong benh binh
Che dp nan nhan chat
dpc da cam
rhdng tin y te nhu tigm
3hdng
Chu the doi x u (ngud'i)
T u
1
8
12
4
0
1
0
0
Phi chinh thuc
15
19
17
1 0 "
0
3
11
0
Chinh thuc
21
2-2
3 0 * "
14
18
21
8
To chue
xa hpi
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Dpanh nghiep nha nuoc
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cong ty t u nhan, ca nhan hoat ddng theoIp ich kinh te
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Khae
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 Nguin: Tinh todn theo kit qua dilu tra Teramoto Minoru 2009
Ghi chii; C/ ddy chi ghi s l lupng da dygc xdc nhgn
': Trong 2 ngud'i ndy mgt ngyoi a tnjng tdm; " : 10 ngyai nay khdng c6 thu nhdp g i ; ' " : Trong 30
Trang 9Vi vgy, dgc thii cua khu vyc d i l u tra ("thj
tran", chu- khflng phai lg "xg") la mgt y l u
to d n phai xem xet
So lieu cho they vai trfl, chu-c ngng cug
chij t h i "phi chinh thu-c" lg Ifl-n nhlt, da
dgng trong viflc true flip chgm sflc ngud'i
khuyit tgt Trgi lai, vgi trfl, chirc ngng ciig
chu the "chinh thu-c" chu yeu lg a sy
cung d p vgt t u nhu trg- d p , thong tin ve
che dp giup do-, v.v
Cfl the khing ^ n h cgc dilu kien, mfli
truo-ng xung quanh, cy I h l la chu t h i
xung quanh co vai tro, chirc nang 16-n d l
bao dam sinh ke cue ngyo-i khuyit tgt tgi
thj trin
Va moi qugn he giu-g nguo-i khuyet tgt vd'i
chu t h i "phi chinh thij-c" (chu yeu la gia dinh), va chu the "chinh thii-c" (chu y l u la nha nud'c), la yeu t l qugn trgng de quylt djnh chat luang sinh k l cua ngyfli khuyet tgt
Hay nfli each khgc, dd'i s i n g cua ngyfl'i khuyet tgt d l bj gnh huo'ng bo'i sy thay doi ciig mfli truo'ng xung quanh Trong thai ky cflng nghiflp hog, hifln dgi hog, xa hpi cQng thay d l i Khi chdng ta ban ve sinh k l ctia ngyfl'i khuyet tgt 6' Viet Nam, chiing tg d n phgi de y den chieu huo'ng cug m l i qugn he giu-g nguo-i khuyit tgt
vg d i l u kifln cugc song, mfli truo-ng xung quanh'"' a
GHICHU
'^' Tai lipu thong k& n^y s u dung ten gpi "ngud-i tan tat," chii- khdng phai la "ngupl khuyet t§t" 86 lipu thong lie cho nay da cu, nhung tdi chua c6 sd lieu thong ke tpng hpp khae
'^' Khi viet Teramptp Minpru 2010 Terampto IVlinoru 2013, toi da thuc hien dieu tra giong nhau it
tinh Thanh Hda
'^' Chan thanh cam on mpt can bp nghien cuu cOa Vipn Xa hpi hpc da giup tdi trpng cupc di^u tra
l i n nay Tdi cung cam o-n cac doi tupng d i l u tra, can bp phy trach cija Oy ban Nhan dan thi tr^n
vS cac cp quan da tgo dieu kien cho tdi ISm vipc
'*' Lien quan toi cac co quan ben trong
'^ Cd 3 ngudi khdng ro
'**' 1 ngudi cdn lai khdng rd do doi tupng dieu tra nay md-i 14 tuoi va nhieu !an di iang thang
^ Khdng the xac nhan dupc each doi x i i cua 8 ngudi
'^' Chung tdi da dieu tra d 2 xa cua tinh Thanh Hoa t u nam 2007 - 2008 Ket qua dieu tra IS gi6ng nhau
"^' Muc nay dua vao y kien cua moi ddi tuong
'^°' 2 ngudi khdng rd
' " ' Muc nay dupc xac lap theo y kien cua mdi gia dinh
' " ' Nhung ngudi khdng cd thu nhap cung phai chiu Tren thyc te khd danh glS
' " ' Mpt hp tra Idi "vay cua ngan hang phu nu"
' " ' Bao gom ngudi tra Idi "giOp nhieu"
" " Doi tupng nay da danh giet me va hien nay vdn hung han Ngoai ra c6 2 khdng cd tra Idi
" " Chung tdi da dieu tra sinh ke cua ngudi khuyet tat a Vipt Nam t y nam 2005 Bieu tra n i y la lin
Trang 10^^^ Cf tinh Hd Nam, co Hpi Nguai khuyet tpt tinh To chue nay dang hopt dgng rat tich cgc cho ngydi khuyit tdt Tgi hy vpng cdc t l chirc xa hpi nhu Hpi ndy pho bien manh hon nira a Vigt Nam
TAI LIEU TRICH DAN
1 Chinh phu nud'c Cpng hda Xd hgi Chu nghTa Vipt Nam 2006 Bao cdo 7 nSm tn'Sn khai tht^ hign phdp l^nh ve ngwcn khuyet t$t, Oy ban V l cac v i n d l xa hpi cua Quoc hpi khoa XI 2006: Sao cdo kit qui giam sdt thwc hl$n chinh sach, phap luat vS ngwai cao tudi, ngwdi tan t$t, dan s6 Hd Npi: Nxb Lao dgng-Xa hpi
2 Teramoto Minom 2010 Sinh k§ cOa ngwai khuyit tat tai Viet Nam - thdng qua mot nghi§n cieu khao sdt di/a vao quan diem giwa sinh ki cua ngwai khuyit tat va mdl trwang xung quanh (bdng t i l n g Nhpt Ban) Trong Mori Soya ( d i u bien) 2010: Cdng cudc xda <Xiigiam nghdo cho ngwai khuyit tat tai nw&c dang phdt thin Iwanamishyoten
3 Teramoto Minoru 2013 Sinh k§ cua ngwai khuySt tat tai Viet Nam - thdng qua mdt nghien cieu khio sdt tai mgt xa cua tinh Thanh Hda dwa vao quan diSm tinh quan hg giira ngwai khuyit tdt vd mdi tru&ng xung quanh (bang t i l n g Nhat Bdn) Ajia Keizai IDE-JETRO
4 Oy ban v l Cdc van d l xa hpi cua Quoc hpi khoa XI 2006: Bdo cdo kit qua giam sat thwc hign chinh sich, phap lugt vi ngw&l cao tudi, ngwai tan tgt, dan sd Ha Npi: Nxb Lao dpng-Xa
hgi
(Tiip theo trang 37) L V T H U Y E T P H E B I N H V A N H O C
15 Phucmg L g u 2 0 1 1 Ly thuyit van hgc hgu hign dgi Ha NOi: Nxb Dpi hpc S u phgm
16 Showalter, Elaine 1979 Towards a Feminist Poetics, in Women Writting and Writing About Women , e d Mary Jacobus, London: Croom Helm
17 Showalter, Elaine 1985 Feminist Criticism - Essays on Women, Literature Theory New
York: Pantheon Books
18 Showalter, Elaine 1986 A Literature of Their Own: British Women Novelists ^om Bronte
to Lessing Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
19 Thien Kim NO tinh va nO quyin: Y kiin cua nha phe blnh Bui Viet Thing
http://vnca.cand.com.vn/diendan/2011//11/56516.cand
20 T r i n Nho Thin 2003 Van hgc Trung dgi Vigt Nam dw&t gdc nhin van hda Vigt Nam Hd
Npi: Nxb Gido dgc
2 1 T r i n Nho Thin 2010 Tw thuv tiin van hoc Vigt Nam, gdp them mgt tiing ndi phwang phdp lu$n vdo cugc thao lu$n qudc td vi vin di Nho gido vd nO quyin T r i l t hpc, so 2 (225)
22 Wollstonnecraft Mary 1972 A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, ed Mary Wamock
London and Melboume: J.M Dent