JD\ CU va tac dong cua di cU den ddl song ngu'di Dao tinh Dak Lal< DAO THANH THAI* Di cu Ii mdt hien tflgng khdng m d trong lich sfl.. Dao Thanh Thai, TVung tim Nghifen CLIU va TV vSh v
Trang 1JD\ CU va tac dong cua di cU
den ddl song ngu'di Dao tinh Dak Lal<
DAO THANH THAI*
Di cu Ii mdt hien tflgng khdng m d
trong lich sfl Ngay sau khi thd'ng
nhi't da't nudc n i m 1975, eae ehUong trinh
eua n h i nude dua ngfld d cfl theo ke hoach
d l phat trien kinh t l m d diln ra d nhilu
vimg trong ca ntfdc Tuy nhien, eung v d dd
l i sfl xuit hidn mpt dbng d cfl m d khdng
theo k l hoach, ciing nhfl khdng cd sU ho trg
cua n h i nfldc, dbng d efl n i y die bipt p h i t
trien manh vio nhuhg n i m 80 v i 90 eua
t h i ky trfldc, vi v i y da p h i t sinh nhilu v i h
de x i hOi lien quan
Dia b i n fla thich cua ngfld d ctf l i T i y
Nguyen, trong dd cd tinh D i k Lik, n d t i p
trung rat nhieu d i n g b i o d i n tpc thilu so
phia Bie sinh song, tiong dd cd ngfld Dao
khdng ngflhg gia ting
1 T a c d g n g ciia d i ctf d o i vdi d d i sd'ng
c u a ngtfdri D a o
Ll Kinh te hg gia dinh
Nhiihg hp d cfl trong dd ed ngfldi Dao
chii ylu l i nhCfhg hd thilu di't san xua't,
thu n h i p thi'p lai bi thien tai Do dd d d
sing die biet khd khan (Nguyen V i n Tiep,
Bui Minh Dao, Nguydn Thi Thanh Van,
2011) Trong khi dd, theo k i t qua d i u tra cic hd ngfld Dao dinh efl tai Cfl Sue va Eamdro'h cho thay, mflc s l hd cd mflc sd'ng trung binh k h i cao, l i n Iflpt lif 73,5% va 51,0%, so hg dflge coi l i nghdo tai Eamdro'h eao hon CU Sue eung la t i t ylu
do h i u h i t dd l i nhiJng hp mdi dinh cu chfla c6 dii t h d gian d l gay dtfng cudc sing vQhg chic
V d mue tidu l i l i m kinh td', vi v i y thu
n h i p cua cic hd ngfld Dao dinh cfl tai Cfl Sue va Eamdro'h ngay e i n g t i n g , nha't l i
v d nhiftig hp da dinh efl sdm Tfl kd't qui
d i u tra eho thay, s l hd ed thu n h i p dfld
50 trieu d i n g / n i m tai EamaroTi chie'm 40,8%, trong dd tai CU Sue la 24,5% Tuy nhidn, so hp ed thu n h i p tfl 51 - 100 tridu
d i n g tai h d xa khdng ed stf k h i e bidt ldn Stf khac biet v l thu n h i p cbn dflge n h i n
t h i y tai nhijfng hd co thu nhap tren 100 trieu dong trd len khi m i ed tdi 48,0% (Cfl Sue) v i 29,6% (Eamdro'h) so ngfldi dflpc hoi dat dflpc (Bang 1)
Dinh cfl liu d i i l i cich I n dinh cude song eung nhfl gia t i n g thu n h i p eho gia
d n h , ehinh vi vay ed t d 45,1% va 36,7%
s l hd d i u tra thudc hai xa Cfl Sud va
* NCS Dao Thanh Thai, TVung tim Nghifen CLIU va TV vSh vl Phat trien, Vidn Han lam KHXH Vi^ Nam
Trang 2Eamdro'h cho r i n g cupc s o i ^ hien nay td't
hon tnidc, d i y l i mdt t r o i ^ nhOhg tin hieu
dang mifiig doi v d ngfld Dao dinh ctf tai
day Mac dii vay, so ngfld eho i ^ g d e u
kien kinh td' hd gia d n h hidn nay van nhfl
trUSc cbn k h i eao tai Ctf Sue (45,1%) va
Eamdt)!! (54,1%) Ly giai d i u n i y , qua
eie cude thao luin nhdm tai h d xa eho
tiiay, d Cfl Sue hau h i t l i cic gia dinh m d
tieh hd, vi vay chua cd d e u kien tich luy,
dli v d xa Eamaro'h hp thupc nhOhg ho
m d tii n d khac chuyen t d trong nhflng
nim gan day (khdng phai l i tfl ngoii Bac
chuyen t h i n g vio) (Bang 2)
Thu nhap tang, t i t yeu d i n ra qui trinh
tich luy ciia cic hd, tuy nhidn so Ifldng tieh
liiy ciia eic hp trong mdt nam lao dpng v i t
va oia ngfldi Dao tai h d xa k h d i ^ gilng
nhau S l tiln tieh luy nhd (tfl 10 trieu dong
trd xuing) ehi diln ra d cic hg tai x i
Eamdro'h, trong khi do, s l hd c6 tich liiy ttf
50 - 200 trieu dlng/nim tai xa CXr Sue len
t d 83,3% so hp dtfgc hdi Mic du so hd ed tieh lify khdng nhilu, nhflhg hd eo s l tien tich luy cao nhat trong mdt nam lai la ngudi t h u | e xa EamadroTi v d 400 trieu dong/nim, Dilu n i y cho thay, khdng ehi nhOhg i^Ud da dinh ctf lau dai m d ed the
l i m giiu, m i ngay ke ea nhOhg hp m d dinh cu g i n diy, ne'u bilt tinh toan lim i n , diu cd t h i l i m ^ u tren da't d d cua hp
Do viec sang nhupng di't dai mdt cich
d l d i n g (Ding Nguyen Anh 2006; ti 139) chinh vi v i y viec tieh tu da't d d d i n ra nhanh chdng Cic hp ngtfd Dao d eu vio day nhiihg n i m 1990 tianh thu vay mflgn mua lai dat cua ngfld dan ban dia Hien nay, tai Ea M'dro'h va Cfl Sue cd nhflhg hd
sd hflu tfl 7 de'n 10 ha da't ndng nghipp Nhd tieh tu di't dai, viee ehuyin doi ciy
t r i n g theo htfdng h i n g hda ding dflge ngfldi Dao thich flng nhanh chdng, da phan cic hg deu ed dift trong c i phe, ho tieu., Dd'i v d nhiihg hp cd d p n tich dat
B a n g 1: T o n g t h u n h ^ p h $ g i a d i n h Tong t h u n l i ^ p
TU 50 trieu dons trd xudng
Til 51 - 100 trieu done
Trtn 100 trieu ddns
Ci < S ue
Ngtrdri t r a Wi
25
28
49
Vc
24,5 27,5 48,0
Eamdro'h Ngifdi t r i Idri
40
29
29
%
40,8 29,6 29,6
NguSn: Biiu tra thUc dia
B a n g 2: U n h t r a n g dcfi sd'ng k i n h te' gia d i n h
W W
pdioia
n$?
S*^
Ddi sd'ng h i $ n n a y s o
vdi trtfdc k h i d i n h ctf
Tdi ldn
Nhu cii
K i m d i
Ctf S u e Ngtfdi t r a l&i
46
46
10
%
45,1 45,1 9,8
E a m d r o ' h Ngtfdri t r a IM
36
53
9
%
36,7 54,1 9,2
Trang 370 Nghien edit Dong Nam A,so^
ldn, den vu thu hoaeh p h i i thue thdm
ngtfd, trong dd cd ca nhiftig lao dpng l i
ngfld d i n tgc ban dia
1.2 Tinh hinh svt dtjing ddt cua
ngiUti Dao
Cung v d qui trinh d ctf eua cic tpc
ngfld vio Tay Nguyen d§n t d tinh trang
bien dpng ve da't d d khdng ngiftig gia
ting, Dd'i v d huypn Cfl M'gar n d ed ddng
ngtfd Dao sinh sd'ng cung khdng n i m
ngoii quy luit trdn Nlu ttnh tfl n i m 2001
toin huydn cd 57.585 ha di't ndng nghi$p
v i 14.223 ha dS't l i m nghipp thi tdi n i m
2005 dien tieh di't lam nghipp ehi edn
9.538 ha, trong khi dd dat ndng nghidp
t i n g ldn 59,537 ha N i m 2014, theo t h i n g
ke tlU t o i n huypn cd 61.871 ha da't ndng
nghidp v i kdo duge ty 1$ di't l i m nghiep
len 11.384 ha (Bing 3)
Biln ddng di't tai Eamdro'h v i Cfl Si cung n i m tix)ng xu till chung Nlu nb nam 2005, tiieo tiling kd tai Eamdro'h i 2,961 ha di't ndng nghiep, 937 ha da't lai nghidp, xa Ctf Sue l i 3.149 ha da't ndn nghidp v i 29 ha di't l i m nghi$p Dd'n n i l
2011, tai Eam dro'h d e n tieh dat ndn nghidp t i n g ldn 4.576 ha v i dat lam ngh
dp tut xud'ng 654 ha, doi v d Cfl Sue cun viy, mic du d p n tich d i t ndng nghid khdng cd bie'n ddng idn nhiftig t d n i l
2011 thi xa khdng cbn di't lam nghi^ (Nien giim thd'ng ke 2005 v i 2011) Canh tac ndng nghiep dfldc eoi la hin thfle eanh t i e ehu ylu cua ngfld Dao v dflge coi l i nguon song chinh Ngay tfl kl mdi dat c h i n v i o Tay Nguyen, md'i 1 thudng trflc cua ho l i ed dii Itfdng thflc nuf sd'ng gia dinh, vi v i y viec tim kilm, kh£
p h i hoic mua lai da't de canh t i e l i mq
B i n g 3: T i n h h i n h suf d u n g da't
Nfim
2001
2005
2008
2014
Tdng D i e n
tich
82.225
82.443
82.443
82.443
Dat n d n g
n g U ^ p
57.585 59.637 61.493 61.871
t a i h u y 0 n Ctf m Da't Lam
N g h i $ p
14.223 9.538 9.072 11.384
g a r
Ban vi tinh: hi
Da't chtfa svf
d u n g
4.358 1.009
911
0
NguSn: Niin gidm thing hi huyen Cu m'g
B a n g 4: D i ^ n t i c h dS't t r u n g b i n h c u a h $
Cac loai d&'t
Tong d i | n tich dift (m2)
D^t ndng ngiiiep (m2)
D i t c4y h i n g ndm (m2)
B i t ca.y cdng nghien (m2)
Da't kh4c(m2)
Ctf Sue
16,378.04 3,996.10 421.67
10,822.84
1,047.35
Eamadro'h
18,830.6 7,045.91 448.9f 9.806.1 1.684.6
Trang 4trong nhiil^ mil quan t i m hang d i u cua
ngud Dao d ctf tfl do v i o huy^n Cfl M'gar,
tinh Dak Lik
Tfl s l lipu d i u tra, trung binh mdt hg
tai x i Ctf Sue sd hOU 16.378 m2 dat, trong
khi dd tai xa Eamdro'h l i 18.830 m2, h i u
hit l i d i t san xua't, di't d i n h eho cay cong
n ^ p p c6 d d n tieh ldn n h a t v d 10.822
m2/hp (Cfl Sud) v i 9.806 m2/hd
(Eamdro'h) Da't d i n h eho san xui't ndng
nghiep cui^ dflpc ngfldi dan quan tam vdi
den tieh khdng hon kem bao nhidu gifla
liai xi Dli v d da't cay h i n g n i m thi trung
binh mSi hd d e u tra r a t thi'p, tai
Eamdro'h chi l i 1.684 m2/hp tiong khi dd
tai Cfl Sud l i 1.047m2/hd (Bang 4)
Vipc tao t h i n h cic vimg ehuyen canh
cay cdng nghidp da tao thu nhap cho
ngfldi d i n D i k L i k ndi chung v i ngtfdi
Dao tai diy ndi rieng Chinh d i u n i y dan
t d gii tri dat n g i y e i n g eao, dat tid
thinh m | t trong nhiihg t i i san c6 gia tri
nhat eua hp gia d n h , Dd'i vdi d i t ndng
nghidp, qua d e u tia eho thi'y tai, Cti Sue
trung binh khoang 46,31 trieu dong/sao,
edn dd'i v d Eamdro'h l i 21,93 trieu
dong/sio Cung v d sfl k h i c biet dd d d i t
ciy h i n g nam chi ed 30,25 trieu dong/sio
(Eamadro'h) va 50 tridu dlng/sio (C^
Sud) Trong khi dd, da't trong cay edng
n ^ d p (ed g i i tri eao nha't) cd stf chenh
l§ch v l gii gifla hai xa k h i ldn, tiong khi
tai Cfl Sue c6 g i i 63,57 tripu dong/sio, thi
Eamdro'h ed g i i tri thi'p hdn chi 35,63
tri^u dlng/sio ( B i n g 5)
Do da't dai dflge coi l i tai s i n g i i tri, vi
vay vide nhOhg gia dinh n i o tich tu dtfgc
Tai E a Mdro'h, so hd dflge coi la giiu co khdng nhieu, theo ngtfd dan thi tai day ed
hd dng D i i ^ HOh Sinh (thdn Hop Thanh)
sd huh 6 ha dat (tring ca phd, tieu v i bip), ngoai ra d thdn 19 cd hp dng Hoang Phuc Hin sd hOh 7 ha di't ndng n^iiep Doi v d
xa Cfl Sue, ngfld dan eho i ^ g , hd ed kinh
tl^ tot nhat la dng D i n g Van Vihn, gia d n h
dng sd hOU lOha dat ndng n^iidp Nhfl vay
ed the thay, n l u chi tinh rieng ve gii tri da't tai thdi d i m hipn tai, thi nhflng hd ke tren da l i nhiftig hd ed d i u kien kinh te' rat ldn so v d edng dong
2 T a c d g i ^ c u a ngtfM D a o fli ctf doi vdri c g n g d o n g T&y N g u y e n
2.1 Kinh te hg gia dinh
Di d i n da gdp p h i n thay dli bd mat kinh te cua tinh, gdp ri't nhilu cdng sflc trong vide khai hoang md rpng d p n tich di't trong trpt Ddl v d D i k Lak, theo
t h i n g ke nam 1976 ehi ed 92.722 ha tiii den nam 1990 t i n g ldn 200.234 ha v i n i m
2013 dat 539.081 ha Cung v d dd l i stf xua't hien nhieu vimg chuydn eanh eiing nhtf ehuyen dich cay t r i n g theo hfldng
h i n g hda Neu t i s h rieng eiy c i phd, thi
n i m 1975 tinh cd 11.563 ha v d n i n g suit dat 36.930 t i n , tM t d n i m 1990 d e n tich
t i n g them 69.641 ha v i t d nam 2013 nang tong d e n tieh cay ca phe len 190.208
ha v d san Iflpng dat 462.433 tan (Cue
t h i n g kd tinh D i k Lik, 2014)
DU v d di't ndng n ^ i i e p , viec chti ddng duge nguIn nfldc l i d i u kidn sffng edn doi
v d ngfldi d i n , neu thfla dat cua hd gan sdng suii hay ao h i theo quan niem eiia
Trang 572
B a n g 5: G i a t r i c a c l o ^ i d a t
C a c l o a i da't
D^t ndng nghidp (trieu ddng/sdo)
D^t cay hdng nam(trieu ddng/sdo)
B^t trdng cSy cdng ngliiepCtrigu ddng/sdo)
Ctf S u d 46,31 60,00 63,57
E a m d r o ' h
21,93 30,25 35,63
Nguon: Biiu tra thUc dia
B a n g 6: H $ t h d ' n g ttfdi ( t h i i y I^i)
L o ^ i h i n h c a p ntfdc
Gi^ng Dao
Gi^ng Ichoan
Nhd nadc td sdng, sudi, ao, hd
Ctf Sud Ngudi tra ldi
95
5
7
%
93,1 4,9 6,9
E a m d r o ' h Ngudi tra ldi
37
48
11
%
37,8
49 11,2
Nguon: Biiu tra tkUc dia
Cu Sue v i Eamdro'h so hp sd hOli thiia d i t
dtfgc eoi la t h u i n I d khdng nhilu, ehi
chilm l i n Iflgt l i 6,9% v i 11,2% s l hO duge
hdi tai hai xa Do dd, vi$e tim dflge nguin
nfldc thay till l i vd eung quang tipng,
trong khi gieng d i o tai Cfl Sue l i 93,1% thi
Eamdro'h l i 37,8%, vide sfl dung gilng
khoan tai Cu Sue rat thi'p ehi 4,9% trong
khi dd d Eamdro'h l i 49% Dilu n i y cho
thiiy nhtftig khd k h i n trong vi$c cung eip
nflde eho cay trong tai Eamdro'h khi khdng
ehu ddng dtfgc nguon ttfd (Bang 6)
2.2 Vdn di sHe d^ng ddt
V d vide d i n s l gia t a n g nhanh chdng
chi tiong mpt t h d gian n g i n ttf nam 1976
t o i n tinh c6 36 van ngtfd thi d i n n i m
2005 dat 1,7 tri§u ngUd v i tiong nfim
2013 la 1.827.786 ngtfd, v d m i t dp d i n
s l trung binh dat 139,26 ngtfdi/ha Chinh
vi v§y, van de I n dinh cho d, eung nhtf
p h i n b l dat d d eho nhOhg ngtfd di ctf
(trong dd ed ngUd Dao) trd t h i n h van d l
ctfp bich D i y cung l i mpt trong nhtftig
eanh b i o trong vide ne'u khdng kiem soit td't dbng d ctf thi van d l t h i l u dat san xui't se n g i y mdt p h i t t r i i n trong tflong lai g i n (Bing 7)
Viee khai t h i c di't mdt eieh Uen tue v i triet de, trong khi dd ty lp nghich v d vide
t i n g d | n tich d i t eiy trong la d d n tieh rilhg n g i y c i n g thu hep, t i t ylu dSn t d
d i t bi xdi mbn nhanh chdng, Chinh vi viy, viee canh t i e ndng nghidp kdm hidu qua hdh trfldc dang dtfgc dfit ra Tuy nhien s l ngfld d i n g ^ v d nhflhg v i h d l k l trdn tai hai xa r i t thap, tai Cfl Sud chi c6 10 y kiln, E a Mdro'h cd 15 y kiln Mfic du khdng dai d $ n eho so ddng cic h^ tai hai
x i , tuy nhidn nhiihg van d l lidn quan t d
d i t dai bi xdi mbn hay thieu nfldc dang l i
v i h d l ldn e i n giai quylt tai Tfiy Nguydn ndi chung v i Dfik L i k ndi ridng (Bing 8)
2.B Moi trUitng
Rflng d Dak L i k bi chat p h i nghidm trpng, d § n tich bi chJit p h i gia t i n g h i n g
Trang 673
tjnh s l d d n tich ruhg bi ehfit pha la
3.488,0 ha, cic nfim tie'p theo cd giam d
nhuhg v i n dtfgc coi la tinh ed td'e dp chat
p h i rtftig rat ldn (nam 1998 chat 1.837 ha,
nam 2000 d p n tich riftig bi mi't l i 116,15
ha) Nhtf vay, tinh tfl nfim 1995 den n i m
2000, t o i n tinh Dfik L i k chat p h i 201.892
ha, trong dd rOhg tfl nhidn la 193,552 ha
v i rflng trong l i 8.336 ha Cd the tii^y,
n i m 1995 tdnh D i k Lak ed 1.219.847 ha
rflng, thi t d n i m 2000 ehi con 1.017.955
ha; mfic du viy, t d nfim 2009 t o i n tinh
d § n tieh rtftig tiep tuc giam xuing cdn
607,134 ha v i eho t d n i m 2013 ehi cdn
601.114 ha; trong dd rtftig ttf nhidn l i
550.490 ha v i 50.624 ha dat rflhg trong
(Nidn giim t h i n g kd tinh D i k Lfik 2013)
Nlu nhtf nhin v i o hi§n tiang suf dung
dat, tai huydn Cfl M'gar tfl nfim 2005 de'n
2014 (xem bang 8) ciing cho s l lipu tfldng
flng khi m i dat l i m nghiep n g i y cing
giim, ty le thu^n v d da't ndng nghiep gia
t i n g theo tifng nam Tai xa Cfl Sud n l u
nhfl nfim 2005 t o i n x i cbn 29 ha dat lam
nghidp, tuy nhidn de'n n i m 2014 thi d i y l i
mpt xa duge coi nhfl tiing v l da't rtftig Tflong ttf tai xa Ea Mdro'h trong 10 nfim
da dua d e n tieh da't lam nghidp cua x i tfl 937ha xuing edn 659 ha
Nhfl v i y , ed the t h i y trong 10 nam qua, cung v d sU gia t i n g eua so' ngtfd d ctf, stf gia tang d d n tich v i gia tri trong ndng nghiep l i vide rflhg ttf nhien bi d i n ha, dan tdi tinh trang xdi mbn d i t , eung nhtf nhu cau ttfd ntfdc cho eiy tiong v i o miia khd
ngiy cang cao, da d i n t d van d l suy kipt
nguon ntfdc ngam, nhi't l i trong mua khd Dilu n i y cho thi'y, nhuhg thich thflc dflge dat r a ngiy e i n g ldn doi v d c|ng dong d i n cfl ndi chung va ngfld Dao ndi rieng, trong vide p h i t trien kinh td' xa hdi tiong nhiftig nam tie'p theo
2.4 Quan h^ t$c ngiicd giSa ngUdi Dao di cU v&i cii dan sd tgi
Mpt so van de trd ngai trong ddi sing ciia ngfld Dao d efl tai Cfl M'gar hien nay
trong viee hba n h i p ddi song vdi at d i n
ban dia, nd t h i hidn trong phong tue t i p quin, ngdn ngfl, ldi sd'ng Chinh vi vay, khi
B S n g 7: D i $ n t i c h n g a y c a n g t h u h ^ p
L;^ d o d i $ n t i c h agky c a n g
t h u h ^ p
Nhd nudc c^m du canh du cif pli^
rimg s^n xuSft lucmg thac
Di^n tich khdng tdng, giSm di
do nhi^u con tdch hd
Gia dinh chuydn sang trdng cdy
Ididc
Gia dinh bdn bdt d^t do ldm dn
khdng tdt
Ctf S u e Ngtfdri t r a Idri
4
12
7
1
%
18,2
64,5
31,8
4,5
E a m a d r o ' h Ngtfcti t r d IM
13
10
3
0
%
64,2
41,7
12,5
0
NguSn: EHiu tra thUc dia
Trang 7B a n g 8: S a n xufi't Itftfng t h t f c n g a y c a n g k e m h i ^ u q u a
Ly d o s a n x u ^ t k e m h i g u q u a
D i t nUOng r i y xdi mdn, bac m i u
Bi nhiem d e h benh
Rimg bi p h i nhilu len nguin
nude khd h a n qui nhanh
Ngtfdi t r a IM
E a m d r o ' h
Ngtf&i t r a l d i
NguSn: EHiu tra thUc dia
B a n g 9: L o a i h i n h ctf t n i c u a n g t f d i D a o d i ctf
Loai iiinh cU tru
100% d i n di CU (ldu ddi)
100% dan di cu cd td chdc trUdc
1990
Ddn di cu sdng xen ke vdi ddn tai
chd
Dfin tdc tai chd sdng xen vdi dfin
di al
Mdi hinh tiidnh gdm dfin di cU
vdi dfin tai chd
CuSud Ngtfdi t r d 16li
12
48
31
8
3
%
11,8 47.1
30.4
7.8
2.9
Eamdro'h Ngtfdri t r a Idri
0
14
29
32
23
%
0
14,
3
29
6
32
7
23
6
Nguin: Biiu tra thuc dia
dinh ctf, ban t h i n ngfld Dao da ttf thich ijfng
d l hba nhap c u ^ s i n g tai n d d i t m d vfi
coi d6 Ifi qud hfldng thfl hai ciia minh
Hi$n nay, dia b i n ctf tru ciia ngtfd Dao
khfi da dang, hg cd t h i sinh s i n g xen ke
vdi d i n tpc tai ch5(Ctf Sud 30,4%,
Eamdro'h 29,6%), hoic song riSng t h i n h
ling b&n v d nhau nhtf tai Cfl Sud l i 47,1%
v i Eamadro'h Ifi 14,3% (Bing 9)
Sfl hba n h i p v i o edng d i n g d i n ctf m d
thdng qua vide nhilu t h i hd ngfld Dao
chgn n d day d l sinh sing, c i bi§t tai Ctf
s i n g t d 5 t h i h$ Theo s l lidu d i u tra thi
s l ngtfd hipn nay sinh s i n g ttf 3 den 4 t h i h$ chilm da s l tai Ctf Sue v i Eamdro'h Chinh vi v i y , v&i de n h i p k h i u doi v d ngudi Dao tai dfiy ludn dfldc uu tidn h i n g diu, do dd nhOhg thfla diit dflge cfi'p quyin s£f dung liu d i i cho ngfldi dan cung t i n g ldn d i n g ke trong thdi gian qua Dli v d nhOhg hd da dinh efl liu d i i (bon d i h n i m thl^ he) da phan sinh song tai xa Ctf Sud, dflhg v l m i t kinh te hg Ifi nhflhg hp khfi gia do sd hOU duge nhilu d i t
Trang 8Ti^ nhien, nhflhg t h i he nfiy do sinh r a v i
ldn len tai Cfl M'gar, vi vay hau nhtf hp
khdng ndi duge tie'ng Dao, (day dtfgc coi
nhfl tinh tiang chung eua nhuhg ngtfd
sinh ra v i ldn len tai day) v i i n m i c diu
theo loi cua ngfld Kinh Do ed d e u kien
kinh t l vi vay mdt bd p h i n ngfldi Dao d
t h i he n i y ed hpe vi'n k h i cao so v d cdng
dong (Cao dang, dai hpc)
Md'i quan he gifla ngfldi Dao d cfl va
ngfldi E; dd khfi td't, vi v i y ngtfd E de mdi
chi bao de b i eon ngfld Dao I n dinh cude
sd'ng, Tuy nhien, cd mdt d i u t h u i n lgi, dd
Ii vipe giao tiep gifla hai tde ngfldi v d
nhau diu thdng qua tie'ng Vipt Mii quan
he gifla ngfld Dao vfi ngfld E de thdng qua
nhiihg bull nflong riy, chia se nhflng kinh
nghiem v i khd k h i n v d nhau
Ket lu^n
Trong nhflng n i m qua Dang v i n h i
nude ta d i ban h i n h nhieu chinh sach
nhim hd trg v i on dinh d d s i n g ngfldi
din, die biet hfldng tdi ngfld nghdo, ngtfd
din tpc thieu sd', trong dd ed cpng dong
ngfldi d cu Cfic chinh s i c h dtfgc fip dung
ed tinh kip t h d vfi d i e biet phu hgp v d
tinh hinh thfle te tai dia phflOng T fl"
nhflng sd' lieu ke trdn ed the k h i n g dinh
nhOhg ehinh s i c h cua Dang vfi n h i ntfdc
di gop phan on dinh va n i n g cao d d sd'ng
cdng dong d i n tde thilu s l trong dd ed
ngudi Dao d cfl Tinh trang ngheo ddi
tidig bfldc dflpc d i y lui da giup cpng d i n g
d efl cd d e u kien hda n h i p v d dong b i o
tai n d dinh cfl, eoi vting da't m d l i que
hflong v i g i n bd liu dai n h i l u the' he tren
vung da't mdij
T A I L E E U T H A M K H A O
1 Dang Nguyen Anh (2006), "Chinh sdch di
ddn trong qud trinh phdt triin kinh ti • xd hdi d cdc tinh miin ndi, nxb T h i gidi Ha
Ndi
2 Thing Ke tinh Dak Lak(2014) Nidn giam thing ke 2013
3 Khing Didn(chu nhidm de tii) (1999) Di
ddn tu plidt cda cdc Bdn tdc thiiu so miin nui phia Bdc vdo Tdy nguyen
A B l Vie't Ding, Nguyin Khic Tung, Ndng
Trung, Nguyin Nam Tien (1971), " Ngudi
Dao d Viet Nam", nxb khoa hpc xa iipi Ha
Npi
5 Pham Quang Hoan, Hiing Dinh Qu^ (1999),
"Vdn hda truyin t/i6ng ngUdi Dao d Hd Gian^, nxb vSn hda din tdc Ha Npi
6 Philip Guest (1998), "Bdng lUc di ddn npi
dia d Viet Nam", nxb ndng nghidp, Ha Ndi
7 Veronique Marx v i Katherine Fleischer
(2010), "Di cu trong ni^c ca hdi va thdch
thiic dii vdi su plidt triin kinh ti - xd hdi
d Viit Nam" UNITED Vi^t Nam, H i Npi
8 Le van Khoa - Pham Quang Ti(Dlng chfl
bien) (2014) Hudng tdi phdt triin bin vUng
Tay nguyin, nxb Tri thflc
9 Nguyin Ba Thuy (2004) Di ddn tU do cda
dong bdo Tdy, Ndng, Hmdng, Dao tii Cao Bdng, Lang San vdo Bdk Ldk (1986 - 2000)
nxb Lao ddng - Xa hpi Ha Npi
10 Nguyin Van Tidp (ehu bien), Biii Minh
DacNguyln Thi Thanh Vin(2011) Mdt s6
vdn di kinh ti - xa hdi vd quan hi ddn tdc
d tinh Bdk Lak, nxb Dai hpc Quic gia
Thinh p h i H i Chi Minh
11 Le Ngoc Thing (2005) Mdt so vdn di vi d&n
tdc vd phdt trien, nxb Chinh tri Quic gia
Trung tam nghidn cflu dan so v i nguin lao dpng thudc bp Lao dpng - ThUOng binh v i
xa hdi, Du i n VIE/93/P02 (1996), "Di ddn
tu do din BSng Nai vd Vung Tdu", nxb
ehinh tri qud'c gia, H i Ndi.9