Chi sd phdn loai 5.11 Tong quan nghien cuii Ngudi Viet d hai ngoai vln luon giu dugc cac hinh thuc thuc hanh van hoa trayen thong ma ho mang theo den dat nudc noi ho dinh cu nhu thd cu
Trang 1Nghien culu xuyen quoc gia va da dja diem ve van Iioa truyen tiiong
cua ngifdi Viet cl hai ngoai: triidng hop nghien culu tin ngifSng thd ciing Hung Vifdng
d thanh pho San Jose, HoaKy
(> T^' J f ^ Nguyen Thi Hien*
I 'D Z l ' 5 Vi^n Van hda nghe thudt quoc gia Vi^t Nam
Ngay nhan bai 10.7.2015, ngay chuyen phan bi?n 15.7.2015, ngaynhan phan bi?n 4.8.2015, ngSychapnh|in dang 10.8.2015
Bai bao 1^ in$t phSn trong cdng trinh nghiln cmi cua tac gia ve van h6a truyen thong cua ngtrdi Vi^t d
thung lung Silicon, California, Hoa Ky Nghien cihi v^ van hoa truyen thong cua mgt cpng d^ng di cir & hai ngo^i se Ithong dky du neu chi tap trung v^o mot dia diim, mit nln tim hilu cdc van de cua cong dong hai ngo^i ca d d4t nudc noi cir tru vk dkt nirdc q u i hirimg - noi hg ra di vh sau do t r d ve vdi cdc moi quan h^
xuyin qu6c gia [l] Biing phtrffng phap nghien clhi xuyen qu^c gia va da dia dilm trong boi canh toan c^u hoa, tac gia thay r^ng, trong qua trinh hinh thanh, duy tri va phat trien, c6 nhung yeu to van h6a truyin
thong bi Idiilm khuylt, bi thay dhi trong qua trinh hoa nhdp d hai ngoai Trong boi canh toan cau h6a,
ngirdi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai co y thuc hon ve ban sac van hoa cua ddn t^c va hp luon bd sung, likm giau
de dam bao ban sac van hoa dv^c duy tri va phat trien Thong qua mpt trirdng hprp nghien cuu cu t h l vl
tin ngudng thd ciing Hung Vuong d thanh ph6 San Jose, bai vilt d l cap d i n vile giu- ^ ban sdc vSn hoa ddn t$c cua cpng dong ngirdi Viet trong boi canh xuyen quoc gia, todn cau hoa va nhirng no Ivc tim kiem sur ho trpr " t u ben dudi" va " t d b i n t r l n " de dam bao viec trao truyen va phdt huy di san van hoa cho the
hf tinmg lai
Tir khda: bdn sdc vdn hda, nghien ciru xuyen qudc gia vd da dia diem, ngu&i Viet & hdi ngogi, tin ngu&ng th& cdng Hiing Vuang, van hda truyen thdng
Chi sd phdn loai 5.11
Tong quan nghien cuii
Ngudi Viet d hai ngoai vln luon giu dugc cac hinh
thuc thuc hanh van hoa trayen thong ma ho mang theo
den dat nudc noi ho dinh cu nhu thd cung to tien, thd
cung Hung Vuang, thuc hanh tin ngudng thd MSu, cac
nghi ll vong ddi Tren ca sd thong tin thu thap dugc
tu cac chuy8n nghien cuu dien da ve tap tuc thd cung
Hung Vuang d thanh ph6 San Jose, CaHfomia, Hoa
Ky va d tinh Phu Thp, quan sat tham du ll Gi616 Himg
Vuang d ca hai dia diem, va cac cugc gap gd, phong
van thong tin vien la ngudi Viet tai Hoa Ky va Viet
Nam, nhihig ngudi than, ban be cua hg d Viet Nam, tac
gia bai viet di sau tim hieu ve viec luu giu va phat huy
gia tri van hoa ciia tin ngudng thd ciing Hiing Vuong d
hai ngo^i va diic ket mot so nhan dinh vh viec gin giii
ban sac van hoa cua ngudi Viet d hai ngoai trong b6i
canh xuyen quoc gia va toan cku hoa
Nghien curu cgng dong ngudi Viet d hai ngoai noi chung, d Hoa Ky noi rieng la moi quan tam cua nhidu hoc gia quoc t l va trong nudc Vao nhiing nam 80 cua the ky trudc, khi dong ngudi dinh cu 6 at tdi Hoa Ky sau chien tranh co phSn ling xu6ng, co nhilu cong trinh nghien cdu tap trung vao cac van de ve ti nan, on dinh cu6c s6ng (William Liu va Elena Yu, 1978) [2] Sau do, cac nha nghien cuu quan tam den sir hoa nh^p cua ngudi di cu vao xa hgi Hoa Ky va xung dot giiia cac the he, tieu bieu nhu Min Zhou va Carl Bankston (1998) [3] Cong ttinh cua Aguilar-San Juan, Karin (2009) [4] di sau tim hieu ve ban sSc van hoa ciia ngudi Viet d Little Saigons, khu trung tam sam udt nhat ciia cgng dong ngudi Viet d Los Angeles, Hoa Ky Gdn day, CO mgt so hgc gia Viet Nam quan tam nghien cdu
ve van hoa cua ngudi Viet d nudc ngoai, tieu bieu \k
cong trinh v l van hoa, xa hgi, hon nhan ciia ngudi Viet tai Quang Tay, Trung Qu6c ciia tac gia Nguyin Thj
"Email: hiennguyenb@gmail com
ratariibi
Trang 2A transnational and multi-locational research into
the traditional culture ofthe overseas Vietnamese:
the Hung Kings worship ritual in San Jose,
the United States
Summary
The article is part of the author's research work
into the traditional culture of the Vietnamese
people in Silicon Valley, California, the United
States (US) Research on traditional culture of a
migrant community abroad would be incomplete
if only focus on just one location; therefore,
it is necessary to explore the issues about the
community in both the country of residence and
the native country where they have left, and
then return to the transnational relationships
[1| By the transnational and multi-locational
methods in the context of globalization, the
author found that, in the process of formation,
maintenance and development, there were
elements of traditional culture that had been
defected, altered during the integration process
overseas In the context of globalization, the
\^etnamese abroad have become more aware of
the cultural identity of the nation, and they are
always complementing, enriching to ensure the
cultural identity to be maintained and developed
Through a specific case study on the Hung Kings
worship ritual in San Jose city, the article refers
to the preservation of the national culture of
the Vietnamese community in the context of
transnation and globalization, and also refers to
the efforts to seek the supports from all sources
to ensure the transmission and promotion of
cultural heritages for future generations
Keywords: cultural identity, Hung Kings worship
ritual, tke overseas Vietnamese, traditional culture,
transnational and multi-locational research
Phuang Cham (2006, 2012) [5, 6] Nguyin Duy Thieu
va cgng su nghien ciiu ve Hch su di cu va loi song cua
; ngudi Viet d Lao (2008) [7], Mgt so nha nghien cuu khac Cling da nhan ra khoang trong trong nghien cdu ' ngudi Viet d hai ngoai, tieu bilu la bai viet ciia Hoang Nguyen Vu ve xu hudng tai thiet cac thanh to cua van hoa Viet tai New Orleans, Hoa Ky (2010) [8] va Chi Tmong Huyen d l cap din nhung chilu canh tinh than sau kin ttong ky uc va dung tudng ve que huang ciia nhimg ngudi song d hai ngoai (2010) [9]
Tu goc dp xuyen quoc gia va da dia diem, thuc hanh tin ngudng, hoat dgng ll hgi trayin thong ciia ngudi Viet d hai ngoai dugc cac hgc gia quoc te va Viet
Nam quan tam han vao nhiing nam gm day, dac biet
tu nhimg nam dau ciia the ky XX Dang chii y la cong
tnnh cua Hien Nguyen Thi va Karen Fjelstad [10] tim
hieu qua trinh trao doi, giao luu giua cac ong dong, ba dong d California va d miin BSc Viet Nam; Ashley Carrathers (2001) [11] nghien cuu ngudi Viet d Uc, Hoa Ky, Viet Nam de tim hieu qua trinh hoi huang va nhiing xung dot ve chinh tti ttong cgng dong ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai; Priscilla Koh (2012) [12] bao
ve thanh cong luan an tien sy tai Vrije University v l nhihig trai nghiem cua the he Viet kieu thd hai ttd ve Viet Nam dau tu va sinh song tai TP Ho Chi Minh
Gitf gin ban s i c dan tpc trong bd'i canh xuyen quo'c gia va toan cau hda
Doi vdi cac nha nghien ciiu khoa hpc xa hgi va nhan van, toan cau hoa la su chuyen dgng cua con ngudi, hang hoa va y tudng xuyen qua ranh gidi quoc gia Toan cau hoa con la quan diem cho rang, the gidi ngay cang co nhieu moi quan he chong cheo thong qua mang ludi truyen thong, phuong tien di chuyen hien dai, nhimg dong chay xuyen bien gidi ve di dan, van hoa, ton giao Neu chi xem xet toan cau hoa chu yeu dudi goc dp kinh te va giam thieu sir phdc tap cua cupc song con ngudi vao cac luc lugng thi trudng, hay vao cac moi quan he giira cac chinh phii, quoc gia, cac to chiic quoc te thi chua dii Viec nhan manh vao khia canh kinh te, hay chinh tri dl bo qua nhdng thuc hanh van hoa, nghi le trayen thong cua cac cgng dong hai ngoai Tren thuc te, cac cgng dong d hai ngoai van luon giu ban sac van hoa ciia dan tgc minh, hoa nhap nhung khong hoa tan Ngudi Viet Nam d hai ngoai da xay dung, duy tri va phat ttien cac thuc hanh van hoa
Trang 3trayen thong ciing nhu khang dinh ban sac dan tgc la
mgt vdn d l can dupc quan tam, danh gia trong cac moi
quan he xuyen quoc gia va toan cau hoa
Do dac dilm cua ddi tupng nghien cdu d nudc
ngoai va su ttd ve dat nudc que huang, nen nghien cuu
xuyen quoc gia ve van hoa hai ngoai khong chi doi hoi
su hien dien cua nha nghien cuu trong cac nudc khac
nhau ma con can chinh cac doi tuang nghien cuu, cac
thuc hanh van hoa (nhu nghi le, le hgi) cung mang tinh
xuyen quoc gia Nghien ciiu xuyen quoc gia da pha vd
phuang phap truyen thong cua dan tgc hpc la bao gom
quan sat va phong van dien ra ttong thdi ky 1-2 nam,
song cung, an cung vdi cpng d6ng de hieu biet ro ve
hp (Amit, 2000:2) [13] Trong nhan hpc va nghien cuu
van hoa, c6 nhiing khai niem thay doi v6 khong gian,
van hoa va quoc gia (Appadurai, 1996) [14] da khien
cac nha nghien cuu tap tnmg vao doi tupng d nhieu dia
diem nghien cuu mang tinh xuyen quoc gia Hgc gia
Marcus, 1995 [1] xac dinh mgt hinh thuc mdi nghien
cuu dan tgc hgc la "chuyen tu dan dia diem va boi
canh dia phuang cua cac ke hoach nghien cuu dan tpc
hpc truyen thong tdi viec nghien ciiu su ludn chuyln
cua cac y nghia van h6a, doi tupng, vd ban sac ttong
khong gian, thai gian khuyech tan Hinh thuc nay xac
dinh mpt doi tugng nghien cuu ma khong the chi tap
trung tim hieu chuyen sau ve hp tai mpt dia diem ma d
nhieu dia diem" Trong boi canh toan cau hoa, nhiing
ngudi di cu, nhu ngudi Viet d hai ngoai da timg ly
huang hoac the he thu hai, nhung ngudi sinh ra d dat
nudc sd tai, nhung gid day hg thudng xuyen di lai giiia
nai d mdi va dat nudc que huang, c6 nhirng ttao doi
khong ngung ve van hoa xuyen qu6c gia Hg trd ve
Viet Nam tham than, tham gia vao cac thuc hanh van
hoa trayen thong d que huang nhu ll hpi, ciing gio
ttong gia dinh, dong hg, di le d cac din thd, mua sam
do thd Cling, khan ao te, lugng thd, d6 trang tri tten
ban thd Nhiing hien vat, y tudng, tti thiic ttong dong
chay xuyen quoc gia nay tac dgng manh me tdi thuc
hdnh van hoa ttuyen thong, lam dam da them ban sdc
cua cac cgng dong d hdi ngoai
Trong qua trinh hinh thanh, duy tri vd phat triln, co
nhiing yeu to van hoa truyen thdng bi khilm khuylt,
bi thay doi ttong qua trinh hoa nhap d hai ngo^i Gid
day, trong boi canh toan cau hoa, ngudi Viet Nam d
nudc ngoai l^i cang y thiic hon vl ban sac van hoa cua
dan tgc va hp da bo sung, Iam giau them d l dam bao
cai hon c6t van hoa trayin thdng dugc duy tti vd phat huy ttong cupc sing hien tai va cho the he tuang lai Nhiing nghi ll thd cung trudc day da khong dugc thuc hien theo nghi thiic trayen thong, vi hp khong nhd chi tilt, khong mang theo nhiing tai lieu, hien vat can thiet khi di cu Gid ddy, hg trd v l que huang de tham than, tim hieu, hpc hoi nhimg gi md hp thay can thiet de hinh thanh, duy tri va phat trien cai hon, ban sac van hoa cua dan tpc Viet mpt cdch tdt nhat d noi cu tni Co ngudi
da mdi ca thdy ciing sang Hoa Ky de nhd hp day cdc khoa Cling td phii, l l thinh thanh, thinh phdt Dd thd Cling, tmdc day do khdng mua dugc d Hoa Ky, hp da diing nhung gl co d do, nhu mua cdc biic tupng ldm bang thach cao, bang sii thd Thanh Mdu Thien Hau cda ngudi Hoa dat tten ban thd Mau cua ngudi Viet Trong qud trinh ttao ddi, ttd ve Viet Nam, hg da nhd ngudi than, ban be mua giiip nhihig hien vat can co ttong dien thd, tu ban thd, ngai thd, den nhiing dd ttang tri,
an thd, long ngai ban thd td, lu huang, bdt huang su men, lu dong, cdu ddi, mam bdng gd, dai rugu, hoanh phi, kieu bat cdng, ao, mii te Di ddu ttong viec mua nhirng do t l tu ndy la dng Nguyin Thanh Liem' - mdt thanh vien tich cue cua Ban Chap hanh Hdi D§n Hung hai ngoai Bdng cac mdi quan he vdi ngudi than, ban
be, ong da ggi dien hoac true tiep trd ve Viet Nam de nhd dat mua nhiing ttang phuc, dd thd ciing Anh Bdn, mdt ttong nhiing ngudi hg hang cua dng Liem song d
Ha Ndi ke rang, ban dau cung khdng biet nhieu ve cac
do thd tu, nhung td khi dugc nhd mua giiip, anh da tim hieu ve ttang phuc cung t l , dd t l khi, vd tim chd dat hang chat lugng cao tai cdc phd d Ha Ndi^ Vdi su giup dd ciia nhiing ngudi d Viet Nam trong vi?c mua, chuyen dd thd ciing sang Hoa Ky, va hgc hoi them vl nhiing tri thde ve te ll Ban Chdp hanh Hpi din Hung
da td chuc cac ngay t l l l cac bac tien hien, gid To Hung Vuong long trgng, the hien long tri an ddi vdi dat Td va cac vi tiln nhan
Mdt sd ngudi Viet Nam dan thudn ttd v l que huang tham than, tham gia cdc boat ddng, sinh hoat d que huong, lam an, dau tu, tai hoa hpp vdi gia dinh ttong mpt khoang thdi gian Mdt sd khac lai quay ttd lai Viet 'Dirge sy cho phep ciia ong Nguyen Thanh Liem, trong bai viSt nSy toi dung ten that ciia ong, con tat ca nhung thong tin vign Ith^c dugc
thay doi ho, ten de diim b^o s^f rieng fir
^ p i dung phong vSn anh Nguyen Ngpc Ban, mpt nguoi hp h^ng ciia ong Nguyin Thanh LiSm 6 Ha Npi, thang 7.2015
KHOAHOC
KHIGilGHi ViaN, lam 4(5)5.2016
Trang 4^li^
J^'i n sinh sdng vd van coi Viet Nam la "nha" cua minh
Nhung da sd nhirng ngudi di cu di v l tham que huong
va roi Iai mang theo mmh nhihig ky uc, nhiing thu
ma hg co dil mang theo dugc Do la tti thuc van hda,
ttuyen thdng, thuc hanh nghi ll, nhung ylu td giiip hg
khang dinh ngudn gdc ban sac cdng ddng cua minh
Hg sinh hoat hang ngdy vdi nhirng bua an Viet, thap
nen nhang tten ban thd hp, bdn thd gia tien cho nhirng
ngudi da khudt, td chuc gid td, gid dng bd, tham gia
cac thuc hdnh tin ngudng bdn dia nhu len ddng, thd
Cling Hung Vuang, di chiia l l Phat Ddi vdi nhom
ngudi ndy, hp rat quan tdm den viec xay dung, bd sung,
lam gidu them van hoa Viet Nam bang nhieu hinh thuc
khde nhau Hp "ttd ve vdi cdi ngudn" de "xin chan
nhang" bdt huang thd thanh, thd gia tien, mua hien vat
thd Cling, tim hieu hinh thuc thd ciing, tiln hanh nghi
16, lam gia pha ddng hp
Tin nguvng tha ciing Hung Vutmg cua ngvoi Viet
dt thanh pho San Jose
Thanh phd San Jose ndm ttong trang tam Thung
liing Silicon, ndi tieng ve ky thuat, cdng nghe cao, la
nai tap tmng nhieu nhat cac tap doan ndi tieng ve cdng
nghe thdng tin, dien tu San Jose ciing la mdt trong
nhirng thanh phd cd nhilu ngudi Viet Nam sinh sdng,
da xdy d\mg dugc khu thuang mai tuong ddi sam uat
mang ten Saigon Business District, sau do dugc ddi
lai vdi ten gpi la Little Saigon, gidng nhu d thanh pho
Los Angeles Day la mgt khdng gian thuang mai, van
hda vdi cua hang, khu mua sdm, am thuc mang ban sac
Viet Nam
Sd ngudi Viet Nam ddu tien den sinh sdng d thanh
phd San Jose tu nhiing nam 1960 va da so la ngudi
ti nan tu sau nam 1975 Theo thdng ke, co khoang
125.000 ngudi Viet dang sinh sdng tai day Ngodi khu
thuang mai mang tam hdn Viet, ngudi Viet d San Jose
dang phat triln manh me nhiing khdng gian thuc hanh
van hoa trayin thdng nhu Din thd Hung Vuang^ han
10 dien thd Mau, gdn 30 chiia, trang tam day tilng Viet
Van Lang
"Con dau, cha me do" la quan niem trd thanh ddng
'Ten clvnh thuc b Den tho Quoc to Hiing Vucmg, dia chi o 780 South
First Street, San ose, California, Hoa Ky Vi tin nguong tha ciing
Hung "' """"^ "" """ """ " " "' '""' '^' '"" ^~'' " ' "
Hur
Nr
_ ^ nguoi Viet, nen tac gia bai viit diing ten DSn tho
Jixang de tranh su ap dai cho tit ca cac dan toe khac cr Viet
luc d l cdng ddng mdt nhom ngudi Viet d thanh phd San Jose luu lac sang miln Bde Califoraia xay d^mg mpt ngdi din thd Himg Vuang Khdi su bdng viec thanh lap Hdi din Hiing hdi ngoai (Association of Kmgs Hung Temple) va dang ky vdi chinh quyln tilu bang California va Lien bang Hoa Ky nhu la mgt td chuc phi chinh phu (NGO) co tu each phdp nhan, ho^t ddng hgp phap tten toan lanh thd Hoa Ky Thuc hanh nghi le gio Td Himg Vucmg dupc bat ddu tu nam 1981 Ban ddu, nai thd cung chi la mdt hdi trudng thue tam
de Hpi den Hiing td chuc te le (sdng bay ll, dd thd Cling, chieu khi le xong, do te dugc thu dgn va cdt giii tai tu gia) Trong nhiing nam ddu, hdng ndm Hgi chii ttpng vao viec td chuc nhung budi le chinh trong nam, gdm 4 dip l l chinh la Tet Nguyen dan, Le gid Hai Ba,
Le gid Td Hung Vucmg vd gid Due Thanh Tran Ndm
1992, hg xay dupc mdt ngdi mieu nhd d cdng vien Sau
do, Hdi da thue mdt nha kho va sinh hoat nai do dugc
10 nam (1994-2004) Nhan thay viec thue nai thd tu tdn kem Ban Chap hanh Hdi da quyet dinh mua mpt ngoi nha trong tnmg tam thuang mai San Jose vdi dien tich han 450 m^ de thd cac Vua Hiing ciing cac vj thanh tien hien Viet Nam
Den Hung md cua hang ngay cho khach thap phucmg den te le va hang nam td chuc 4 nghi le chinh
la Tet Nguyen dan, Le gid Hai Ba, gid Td Hiing Vuong
va gid Due Thanh Tran Ca sd thd tu nay phan nao
da dap ling nguyen vgng co mpt chdn trang nghiem cua cdng ddng ngudi Viet d hai ngoai de thd ciing tien nhdn vdi triet ly udng nudc nhd ngudn va ttao trayen thdng nay cho cac the he tuang lai
Mpt ttong nhiing muc dich chinh cua viec thanh lap ngdi den la tao su Hen ket giira que cha ddt td va nhiing the he con chau sau nay Hoan canh dua ddy, nhiing ngudi ly huong da "dung mpt ngdi den de con chau tim ve dong gidng" Khi vieng tham nai nay, mpi ngudi thap nen hucmg, tudng nhd ve dat Td va cac vi tiln nhdn da day cdng gay dung va bao ve ddt nudc Khu thd Cling td tien nay la noi con chau tim den de bilt them ve Iich su, con ngudi Viet Nam cung nhu phong tuc tap quan ciia cha dng luu trayen lai Quan trpng hon ca, cac thanh vien cua Hgi mudn vinh danh
td tien cua minh, bao tdn di san va giao due con chdu Ong Liem cho biet, mac dii sdng xa que hucmg, nhung
"chiing tdi vdn mudn gin giu trayen thdng va phong tuc ciia minh, khdng chi cho the he chiing tdi ma con cho
\is^Zi%\i lam'
Trang 5nhiing the he tuong lai (xem them Fjelstad vd Nguy6n
Thanh Liem, 2011) [15]
Ve each bai tti dipn thd, hinh thuc td chuc, quy md,
nghi thde te le, dd ciing le Himg Vucmg, neu dem so
sanh vdi cdc khia canh tucmg img ttong cac den thd tai
Khu di tich lich su din Hiing, chung ta thdy nhiing net
tuang ddng Hinh thde bai tti cac ban thd va ttang tri
diu mang ddu dn van hoa ttiiyln thdng ciia ngudi Viet
va cac hinh thuc te ll, smh hoat van hda mang y nghTa
tudng nhd ve cpi ngudn Hlnh thde be ngoai nhu chi
tilt quy ttinh t l ll co thl thay ddi tiiy theo ban te va
dng chu te, nhung d ben trong vdn la sy tdn thd Hung
Vuang - dng td cua dan tdc Gid day, den thd Hiing
Vuang d thanh phd San Jose da ttd thanh nai tham
quan ciia cac nha lanh dao, ngoai giao Viet Nam, ciing
nhu cua cac nhd nghien ciiu, sinh vien, ngudi ddn sdng
xa xu, ngudi Viet Nam di du ljch din California Niem
mong mudn thd ciing Hiing Vuang d hai ngoai nhdm
vinh danh di sdn van hda Viet Nam va tao dieu kien de
nhiing nhdm sac tdc khac c6 the tim hieu ve van hda va
phong tuc thd cimg td tien ciia ngudi ViSt Do la mdt
hmh thuc de khdng dinh ngudi Viet la mdt cdng ddng
CO nhiing bieu dat van hda rieng va quan ttpng han
cd Id gido due the he tre sinh ra va ldn len d hai ngoai
hudng ve que huang, dat nudc Viet Nam, ve nai chdn
vd cdi ngudn
Tim kiem su- ho trv "tu* ben tren'"*
Ddng chdy xuyen qudc gia ve cac hien tugng ton
gido tin ngudng ddi khi dupc xem xet nhu la khdng
gian tdn giao chuy8n dgng bang cac hinh thde da chieu
md su chuyen dpng do nam ttong nhung iing xu xa hdi
va gidi h ^ bdi cac mdi quan he quyen luc Khai niem
xuyen qudc gia "tu ben tten" va "tu ben dudi" giup
cho viec the hien mdi quan he quyen lyc ldng ghep vdi
su lan tda tdn giao Trong khi xuyen qudc gia "tu ben
tten" dupc cac qudc gia ddn tpc vd kinh tl toan cau hd
ttg, tao dieu kien, cdn xuyen qudc gia "tu ben dudi" lai
dugc bdt ddu bdi nhiing chuyen dpng tu cdng ddng, tu
cac mdi quan he ca nhdn giiia con ngudi vdi con ngudi
Xuyen qudc gia ve tdn giao "td ben tren" diln ra khi
^Phin nay xem them trong bai viet ciia Nguyin Thi Hiln (2012)
"Thay doi nhimg khong fan bien, bo sung va lam giau: Nghien ciru
cong dong nguoi Kinh o hai ngoai" Tap chi Nghien ciru vdn hoa, s6
4, tr.65-94
cac qudc gia khuyln khich sy phat trien md rdng cua cac tdn gido, cdc hgi dodn, cac ca sd ton gido nham thu hut cdc tin dd, phdt triln du ljch, kit hgp khuyln khich nhiing ngudi di cu gui tiln ve que huong trg giiip trong lmh vyc thd ty (Guamizo va Smith, 1998) [16] Khdng gian thd ciing cua d i n Hung hien tai d trung tam thanh phd San Jose, theo k l hoach cua Hgi khdng phdi chdn ldu ddi vi chua ddp iing dugc nhiing yeu cdu tdi thilu nhu bai do xe, khdng gian tap trang ddng ngudi, thu hiit gidi tre Thay vao dd, hg mong mudn
cd mpt ngdi din co kiln tnic Viet, bao quanh la khudn vien cdy cdi va hd nudc yen ttnh, cd khdng gian cho ddng dao ngudi dan tdi te le vd td chdc cdc budi sinh hoat cOng ddng
Hien nay, Hpi din Himg dang phdi ddi mat vdi nhieu khd khdn d l duy tri ngdi den va tap tyc thd cung Sd lugng thanh vien tham gia giam manh, vi the su ddng gdp, lam cdng qua khdng nhieu Nhieu thdnh vien cd tudi ciia Hpi din Hung da mdt, ldp tte sdng tan man, qud ban rdn vdi cdng viec, khdng cd nhieu thdi gian tham gia cac hoat ddng van hda, te ll va mdt phan, hp ciing hda nhdp ban vdo van hda, ldi sdng duang dai tai Hoa Ky han nhiing thl he dau tien Hpi den Hiing ciing gap phai khd khan ttong viec thu hiit sy hd ttg cdn thiet tu phia cdng ddng ngudi Viet d San Jose ttong bdi cdnh hung thinh ciia Phat giao Cac chua mdi liSn tuc dugc xdy dyng, sd lugng tang nhanh, tu mdt vai ngdi chiia vao nhiing nam 80, den nay d day cd gan 30 ngdi chua Nhieu ngdi chua khang trang, rgng rai nhu chua Ddc Vien cd bai do xe, co khdng gian td chuc ldp hpc tieng Viet cho khoang 500 tre em Ben canh do, nhiing hinh thuc thuc hanh khac lai cd chieu hudng phat trien ttong cdng ddng ngudi Vipt d thdnh phd San Jose, do
Id tin ngudng thd Mau tam phu, tu phii, xdy dyng cac dien thd Mdu, nhd thd hg
Trong bdi canh do, Hgi den Hiing dang nd lyc tim mpi each de thu hut cac thanh vien cua cdng ddng tham gia vao cac budi te le tai Den Hp mong mudn the
he tre se tiep tuc phat huy trayen thdng vd keu gpi sy
ho trg, tham gia tu cac tang ldp trang nien, thanh nien, mdi nhung ngudi theo dao Phat, dao Mau den din thd, tham gia vao ban te cua Den
HOi din Himg cung dang tim kilm sy hd ttp tti Chinh phli Viet Nam Tu khi Vien Van hda Nghe thuat qudc gia Viet Nam xay dyng hd sa qudc gia ve Tin ngudng
KHOAHOC
C & N 6 N G H £ M lam 4(5) 5.2016 62
Trang 6^"^r^^ii
[jfliiiii
thd cung Himg Vuang d Phii Thg ttinh UNESCO
(2011) va dugc vinh danh ttong Danh sach di sdn van
hda phi vdt thl dai diSn ciia nhan loai (2012), mdi quan
he chinh thuc giira Ban Chdp hanh Hdi den Hiing d
thanh phd San Jose vdi Chinh phu Viet Nam mdi bdt
ddu Ong Liem cung cdp nhilu tu lieu cho Vien ttong
qua dinh hoan thipn hd sa d l cu trinh UNESCO vl
viec tin nguong thd cung Hiing Vuang dd lan tda sang
cdng ddng ngudi Viet d hdi ngoai Tmdc ddy, cac mdi
quan he ciia Ban Chdp hdnh Hpi den Hiing chu yeu
thdng qua ngudi than, ban be, nhirng ngudi lien quan
d Viet Nam, thi nay hp dang tim kiem cdc mdi quan he
"tu ben tten" de phat huy vd phat ttiln cac tap tuc thd
Cling Hung Vuong d hdi ngo^i
Van de xuyen qudc gia "tu ben tten" dupc tao ra bdi
cdc nha nudc, dan tgc vd nln kinh t l toan cau, ttong
khi dd, nhirng phong ttio ciia ngudi dan va cac moi
lien he giiia con ngudi vdi con ngudi tao ra cac mdi
quan he xuyen qudc gia "tu ben dudi" Ban ddu, thd
Cling Hung Vuang d San Jose la mdt vi du diln hinh v l
quan he xuyen qudc gia "tu ben dudi", nhung gid day
la ca "td ben tten" CJ ddy, nhiing ngudi di cu, khong
cd su hd ttg chinh thuc nao da mang trayen thdng thd
cung vua Hiing den Hoa Ky Tren thuc te, Hpi den
Hung dugc thdnh lap bdi mdt nhdm nhihig con ngudi
chii yeu gdc d mien Bac, di cu vao Nam, rdi sau chien
tranh bang nhieu hinh thuc khac nhau djnh cu d Hoa
Ky tu nhiing nam 1970-1980 Da sd vdn giu mdi lien
he chat che vdi ddt nudc que hucmg Phai ndi rang hp
la nhirng ngudi cd mdi quan tdm den bao tdn va phat
huy di san van hda thd ciing Hiing Vuong va coi minh
la nhiing ngudi bdo ve van hoa ddn tpc
Trong sd dd, cd nhiing ngudi xuat than tu trong gia
dinh cd dng, cha ldm thay cung, hay trong ban te le ciia
hdi lang ttiiyln thdng tii nhimg nam 1950, nhu dng
Bdng, hay dng Ddng - thanh vien ttong ban t l cua den
Ngay nay, hg tim mgi each hd trg vdi hy vgng dam bao
ttiiyin thdng thd ciing Hiing Vuang dugc trayen ni thl
he nay sang thl he khac Chiln luge cua hg id tim kilm
cac n.' • quan he xuyen qudc gia "tu ben tren" bang
each d l • =^hi sy hd trg tu phia Chinh phu Viet Nam,
cac r W 1 hgc xa hdi, nhiing nhd nghien cim di sdn
hoa, va a UNESCO Trong 4 nam qua Ban Chdp
•3 j-jf ia chinh thuc lam viec vdi Lanh su quan
Vi
Chmh phu Viet Nam v l mat tdi chinh d l raua mdt khu dat rdng rai han Hp mong muon xdy dyng mpt ngdi din khang ttang vdi kiln tnic Viet Nam va thudn ti?n cho nhung ngudi din t l Ie, tham quan va sinh hoat cdng ddng^
Ket Iuan
Sy hien hiiu ciia din thd Hiing Vuang d thanh phd San Jose the hien tam quan ttpng ciia tap tyc thd ciing td tien cua ngudi Viet, mdt net ban sac van hda cua cpng ddng vd Id di sdn van hda ket ndi cpng ddng ngudi Viet
d hdi ngoai vdi Viet Nam Den thd ndy Id nai luu giu nhiing tap tyc truyen thong tdt dep, noi sinh hoat van hda tin nguong cua ngudi Viet d hai ngoai Ngay nay, Hdi den Hiing mong mudn viec thd cung Hiing Vuong
d hai ngoai dugc chinh thuc hda, dugc Chinh phu Viet Nam ghi nhan cdng lao giu gin trayen thdng vdn hda Quan ttpng hon ca, do Id mdt hinh thuc bdo tdn va luu tmyen di san van hoa dan tpc nham giao due the he tre
ve que huong, ve dat nudc Viet Nam vd ve cdi ngudn Ngay nay, van hda Viet Nam da dugc kieu bao luu giu va phat huy Ban sac van hda ciing la mdt trong nhiing dieu kien co ban de dugc cdng nhan la mpt dan tpc chinh thuc d ddt nudc nai cu tni nhu tmdng hgp dan tdc Viet d Cdng hda Sec, dan tdc Kinh d Tmng Qudc^ Hy vgng, vdi sy hd ttg "tu ben tren" cua Chinh phii Viet Nam cho khdng gian thd ciing, thuc hanh tmyen thdng noi chung va tin nguong thd ciing Hung Vucmg ndi rieng cua kieu bao d hai ngoai se gdp phdn khang dinh va tdn vinh ban sac van hda ciia dan tdc ddi vdi ban be qudc te, ddng thdi thiic ddy su hpi nhdp qudc te mdt each toan dien cua Viet Nam
- Nam tai thanh phd San Francisco ve su hd ttg cua
-Tac gia bai viet da tmc tiep tham gia mot so cupc hop lien quan den Viet Nam Cu the vao thang 4.2015, tac gia tham dy buoi iam viec giija Ban Chip hanh hoi va Tong lanh sir Viet Nam £ai thanh pho San Fancisco Thang 5.2015, tac gia Eham dir cupc hop giira cac bp, ban nganh lien quan ve hinh thiic hd trg Hpi den Hiing theo y kien chi dao ciia Thil tuong Chinh phu vl chu tnrong dong y ho trp theo hinh ihijc xahoihoa Mat (ranToqu^c Viet Nam Bp Ngoai giao vaBp Vanhoa
la 3 don vi se dung ra lam dau moi cho qua trinh nay
'Dupc cong nhan chinh thi'rc la mpt dan tpc d mot dat nifdc ngudi
Viet duoc ho trp kinh phi tii ngan sach de phat trien ve van hoa, truy€n
thong, ngon ngti ciia dan toe minh Tai cac dia phucmg co nhilu ngirdi
CO quyen su dung tilng Viet tai cong sd ciing nhu Ida an Ngoai ra, cpng dong ngudi Viet Nam co the thanh lap chuang trinh phat thanh
va tmyln hmh bing tilng Viet lai nirdc so tai
liSSIIdSiVietNani^'''" 63
Trang 7L&i cdm an
Tdc gid xin trdn trpng cdm an Quy Phdt trien khoa
hpc vd cong nghe quoc gia (NAFOSTED) da ho trpr
nghien cuu ndy Tdc gid cung biet an cdc thong tin
vien Id kieu bdo sinh song tgi thdnh pho San Jose vd
nhirng ngu&i thdn, bgn be, gia dinh cda hp & Viet Nam
dd cung cdp nhirng thong tin quy bdu de hodn thdnh
bdi viit
Tai lieu tham khao
[1] Marcus George (1995), "Ethnography in/of the World System'
The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography", Annual Review of
Anthropology, pp.95-117
[2] Liu William, Elena Yu (1978), Refugee Status and Alienation
Theory: The Case of Vietnamese in US Chicago: Illinois
[3] Zhou Min and Carl Bankston (1998), Growing up American •
How Vietnamese Children Adapt lo Life in the United States, New
York: Russell Sage Foundation
[4] Aguilar-San Juan, Karin (2009), Lillle Saigons- staying
Vielnamese in America, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis
[5] Nguyen Thi Phuang Cham (2006), Nghi li hon nhdn cua
nguai Kinh d lang Vgn Vi Giang Binh, Dong Hung Qudng Tdy,
Trung Quoc, Nxb Van hda thdng tin
[6] Nguyin Thi Phirong Cham (2012), Ldm ddu nai ddt khdch:
trdi nghiem vdn hoa cua nhiing nguai phu nii Viel Nam lay chdng
Trung Qudc a Van VT Nxb Lao dpng
[7] Nguyen Ehiy Thieu (chii bien) (2008), Di cu vd chuyen doi loi
sdng - iruang hgp cpng dong ngirdi Vi4l a Ldo Nxb The gioi [8] Hoang Nguyen Vu (2010), Diasparic Motions- The Shi^^ng of Vielnamese in the United States - The Case of Vietnamese A mencans
in New Orleans Working Group on Exile, Expulsion, and Religious
Refugees, Jackman Humanities Institute
[9] Chl Truong Huyen (2010), "Imagining Oneself Otherwise:
Hanoi Time-Space in Vietnamese Overseas Narratives", Annual Meeting ofthe Association for Asian Studies, PhilAdelphiSi [10] Fjelstad Karen, Hien Nguyen Thi (2006), Possessed by the Spirits: Mediumship in Contemporary Vietnamese Cultures, Ithaca:
Southeast Asia Program Publications, Comell University
[11] Caruthers Ashley (2001), Exile and Return • Deterritoriallzing National Imaginaries in Vietnam and the Diaspora, Unpublished
Ph D dissertation University of Sydney, Sydney
[12] Koh Priscilla (2012), Vietnam's Familiar Strangers -Narratives of Home, Homeland and Belonging Among Second Generation Viet Kiiu in Sdi Gon Vrije Unlverstiy Amsterdam
[13] Amit V (2000), "Introduction: Construction the Field",
Constructing the Field: Ethnographic Fieldwork in the Contemporary World, London and New York' Routledge, pp 1-18
[14] Appadurai, Arjun (1996), Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, University of Minnesota Press [15] Fjelstad Karen, Nguyen Thanh Liem (2011), Sdo ton disdn gido due con chdu- Tha cung Himg Vucmg a Thung liing Silicon
tiSn trong xa hpi duong dai: Tnrdng hpp tin ngu&ng thd cung Hiing hoa thong tin
[16] Guamizo Luis, Michael Smith (1998), "The Locations of
Transnational ism", Transnalionalism From Below, New Brunswick:
Transaction Publishers, pp.3-34
eSiNGNCHEVietlNam , 4(5)5.2016 64