Cd mdt nghjch ly l i cic nganh xuit khau ddng gdp Idn vio tang tradng kinh td - hdi nhip, song thu nhip cua ngudi lao ddng lai rat thip, nguyen nhin chO ydu la ngudi lao ddng lim vide tr
Trang 1Giai phdp vo \m lam
va Hn sinh M hdi
HirdNG Tdi MUC TIEU
ON DINH KINH TE VI MO
^ ThS. L£ THI MAI ANN
HOC VIEN TAI CHfNH
Trong giai doan 2011-2015,
toc do tang trirdng kinh te
budc diu phuc hoi, Chfnh phi!i
Viet Nam dat muc tieu tdi
nam 2020, thu nh^p binh
qu^n dau ngUcri dat l(hoang
3.000do-la My iami}cl(hi
quan f)e dat duac muc tieu
nay, yeu cau dat ra ia phai tai
cau true nen kinh te; trong
do, dac biet chu trong thj
trudng iao dong, khong chi
dan thuan giai quyet ciiinh
sach tien luong - viec lam, ma
con can bSod^m sudn djnh
trong phat trien dan so, dich
chuyen lao dpng gii^a cac
nganh, nghe, trinh do ky
nang, dta diem mot each llnh
hoat, an toan Vay can nhutig giii phap ve viec lam va An sinh xa hoi de cd the hudng tdi muc tieu dn djnh kinh te vT mo?
Cic gldl phdp chd y£u
Ho trg phdt triin cdc nganh, nghi c6 ham lugng lao ddng Idn, edi thiin ehdt lugng viic idm phO hgp vdi md Nnh phdt triin kinh ti
vd nhdn khdu hgc
Cac chinh sich dau tUcan t i p trung vao duy tri, phit trien cic khu vuc cd nhieu khi nang tao viee lam cd chat lupng Cd mdt nghjch ly l i cic nganh xuit khau ddng gdp Idn vio tang tradng kinh td - hdi nhip, song thu nhip cua ngudi lao ddng lai rat thip, nguyen nhin chO ydu la ngudi lao ddng lim vide trong cic nginh cd gii trj gia tang thip
ning suit lao ddng thip Cin phii quan t i m siu sic hdn tdi cic
td Vi du, vide thinh lap cic khu cdng nghidp, khu ehd xuit cin cd dieu kidn tidn quylt l i phii bio dim didu kidn ha ting eho lao ddng, qua dd lid trp doanh nghidp giim chi phi sd dung, tuyen dung v i dio tao lao ddng
do cic ddng di chuyin lao ddng tao ra
Tdng cudng viic idm ndng thdn
vd thuc ddy qud tr)nh di chuyin lao ddng
Chuyin djch lao ddng d i ^ vio
03 hudng : TCr ndng nghidp sang khu vdc phi ndng nghidp; td ndng thdn ra thinh thj; td khu vuc phi chfnh thOfc sang ehfnh
tiiufc {tii cic vi^c lim dd bj tdn
thupng, ning suit thip sang cic nhdm vide lim cd didu ki^n lao ddng chit lUpng tdt hon) Ndng thdn trong 10 nim tdi vSn l i
Trang 2ngudn cung lao ddng cho cic
nganh phi ndng nghidp va khu
vUc thinh thi Theo da bao, td^
nam 2020, t^ Id lao ddng trong
nong nghidp sd chidm dUdi 30%
Bieu dd ddi hdi phii bio dim di!i
ngudn lac ve con ngUdi, vat chat,
hien tdt cac chi'nh sich, chddng
tnnh phat tridn ndng nghidp,
ndng din, chfnh sich thj trudng
lao ddng linh hoat, hd trp tdt hdn
cho ngudi lao ddng
Thuc day tdc dp chinh thdc
hoa cCia cac doanh nghiep la mdt
thach thde Idn ddi vdi viec lim
ben vifng gSn vdi An sinh x i hdi
Trong bdi cinh hidn nay, can phil
coi phit triln doanh nghiep l i
ddng Ipc chinh de tao ra vide lim,
dac biet la vide lam cdng an
lUdng cd chit lupng trong khu
vUc kinh te chinh thdc khdng de
trung vio thio gd cic rao cin;
tidp c$n tin dung va dit dai phuc
vu sin xuit; trong didu kidn lao
ddng nd g^p nhieu khd khin,
khuydn khich cie nd doanh nhin
li didu quan trpng
Lao ddng nQ' se tidp tuc ddi
mat vdi nhdng khd khan cda thj
trudng lao dpng, do chidm t^ 1^
Idn trong cae nginh thim dung
lao ddng - khu vac cd ning suit
lao ddng, tidn edng thip va thieu
nginh cdng nghiep djnh hudng
xuat khau ndn lao ddng nd de bj
tdn thddng khi bit dn tren thj
trudng ngoii nddc gia ting Cho
nen, ein thu hdt ngiy cing nhidu
lao ddng nd trong cie edng vide
lim cdng an lddng di hp tidp cin
tdt hdn cic chfnh sich ASXH
Lao ddng nude ngoii sd tim
kidm ed hdi vide lim tai Vi^t Nam
v i lao ddng Vi^t Nam cung se ra
nudc ngoai lim vide Do vay, mdt
chfnh sich thj trudng lao ddng
cCia lao ddng Vidt Nam tren thj
trddng qudc ti Ngoii ra, vide xiy
dung chfnh sich ddi vdi lao ddng
ngUdi nddc ngoii lim vi§c tai Vidt
Nam cOng se gdp phin bd sung
cic ky ning cdn thieu cCia thj trddng lao ddng, tao dieu kidn cho doanh nghiep thu hut dau ta, tidp nhin cdng nghe sin xuat hien dat
Tdng nang su^t va ti'nh canh tranh
Nhdng nim qua, Viet Nam chd yeu dOa vio gii nhan cdng taong ddi rd de phit triln mdt sd nginh cdng nghidp thim dung lao ddng va hddng tdi xuit khau nha det may, giay da Kjch ban ting tradng kinh td nhanh vdi muc tieu trd thinh nddc thu nhip trung binh vio nam 2020 ddi hdi md hinh ting trudng kinh cCia chudi gii trj thudc mang Iddi sin xuat khu vac va toan eau trdn
Cd sd khai thic hidu qui ngudn vdn, nang cao chat lddng ngudn nhin Idc, thoit khdi "biy lao ddng rd" Nang cao ning lUc eanh tranh cua ndn kinh te, can phii dpa tren vide tang nang suit lao ddng; eii thidn chat lupng tang trudng, lay nang suit, hidu qui
lim muc tidu, lay chuyen djch ca ciu lao ddng td khu vuc cd nang
suit thap sang khu vUc cd nang suat cao Tidp tuc ddi mdi hdn nda doanh nghiep nhi nddc
Ning cao trinh dp, ky nang eua lao ddng, die bidt l i ky nang quin ly v i trinh dd ky thuit bic cao, ddi hdi cae bidn phip ddng
bd de cii thidn chat lddng hd thdng giio due v i die tao Ddng thdi, ting eddng lidn itet gida ngddi sd dung lao ddng v i cd sd dio tao nghe de dip dng tdt hdn cic nganh, nghe mdi, vdi thdc tidn cdng vlec va dng dung cdng nghd mdi
Phdt trlen thi trddng lao
ddng hidn tfai, tdng cUbng
qudn tri thj trUdmg lao tfdng, hd thtfng thdng tin tfl h6 trtf lao tfdng di chuyen llnh ho^t hidu qud
Tii Cd ciu kinh te theo ^ n h hddng thj trudng v i hdi nhip kinh te qudc te tao ra nhidu cd
hdi vide lim Cie chinh sich phii ddpc didu hinh hidu qui de can ddi gida tinh llnh hoat cua thj trudng lao ddng va an ninh vide lam cho ngddi lao ddng Ngoai ra,
cii each kinh te da dat ra nhQng
thich thdc mdi cho doanh nghiep v i ngddi lao dpng, ddi hdi phii chu trpng hdn ddn phit trien quan iid lao ddng, chi'nh sich tien Iddng va giii quydt tranh ehap lao ddng
Vdi mdt nen kinh td chuyen ddi, khudn khd phip ly va eac thd ehe thj trddng lao ddng la nen mdng cin bin li de tao ra mdi trddng thuan lpi cho phit triln kinh td, dau td nudc ngoai v i nang cao nang Ipe canh tranh qudc te Can hoan thien phip luat lao ddng, die biet l i quy djnh
vd hpp ddng lao ddng, thda Udc iao ddng t i p thi, chfnh sich tien laong v i tien lUdng tdi thilu ThCie day cic ed ehe ddi thoai
v i thUdng Idpng thdng qua he ngudi sd dung lao ddng v i cac the ehe ba bdn tai cip dd nganh, khu vdc, dja phddng, xiy dung nhidu lo^i hinfi thda ddc lao ddng tip the hidu qui
Ting eddng khi nang tidp cin dio tao nghd eho phu nd, thanh nidn, kdt hpp vdi cie djch vu hd trp tim kidm vi^c lam; xiy ddng chUdng trinh vide lim cdng, vide lim tam thdi cda ngUdi lao ddng that nghidp hoie bj mitvi^c lam Ddng thdi, thidt lap hd thdng linh manh de hd trp qui trinh ra quyet djnh, eung cip thdng tin cd chit Idpng, dang tin cay, cip nhit
vd nhu ciu ky ning v i dio tao cda lue lUpng Iao ddng, cung nhU cic ed hdi vide lim mdi cho ngddi dang tim vide; hd trp cd hidu qui lao ddng nghdo, lao ddng trong khu vde kinh td phi chfnh thdc, thanh nidn mdi gia nhap thj trudng lao ddng, ngddi cao tudi, ngUdi t i n tit, lao ddng bj mSt vi^c do cii cich kinh td v i chuyin djch ed ciu; hd trp lao ddng di cd
trong nddc v i qudc td.l
Trang 3Nguyen Thu Tra (Vinh Phijc): Bd tdi dd cd thdi
gian tham gia BHXH bdt bugc 32 ndm, thdng
12/2014, dan vi nai bdtdi cdng ttic gidi thi, khi dd bd
tdi dugc 58,5 tudl, vl vdy dugc chdt sS BHXH di chd
du tudi gidi quyit chidd huu Tuy nhiin, viia qua bd
toi chdng may bi benh ngng qua ddi, chiia nhdn chi
dd g) tii BHXH Vdy gia dinh tdi cd thidt/ac nhdn che
dd tiJ tuaf tif thdi gian ddng BHXH khdng?
Trdieri:
Theo quy cHnh Luat BHXH hidn hinh (Sidu 63,
Dieu 64, Didu 65, Didu 66,Didu 67), gia dinh chi se
dugc hudng cic khoin trp cap sau: Ngadi lo mai
tingdupenhin trp cip mai ting bing 10 thing
lUdng cd sd; thin nhan ddpc hddng trp cap tuat
hing thing hodc trp cip tuat mdt lln, cu the:
- Tnidng hop hddng trp cip tuSt hing thing:
Ddpc tdi da 04 dinh su^ttuit ndu cd thin nhin l i
con (chda dii 15 tudi, chda du 18 tudi ndu cdn df\
hoc, td dCi 15 tudi trd len neu bj suy giim khi
ning lao ddng td 81 % trd len); vp td dd 55 tudi trd
idn ho|ic dddi 55 tudi ndu bj suy glim khi ning
lao ddng td 81% trd Idn; cha dd, me dd, cha vp,
me vp, ngd^ khic m i bd chj cd tricli nhidm phii
nudi dddng td dd 60 tudi trd ldn ddi vdi nam, 55
tudi trd len ddi vdi nd hoac neu dddi 60 tudi ddi
vdi nam, dddi 55 tudi ddi vdi nd v i bj suy giim
khi ning lao ddng td 81% trd Idn Thin nhin l i
Vd, cha, me v i ngddi khic phii khdng cd thu
nhip hoac thu nhip hing thing nhung thip hdn
mde lddng cd sd Mde trd cap bing 50% mde
Iddng cd sd ddi vdl moi ^ a n nhin hoie 70% mde
Iddng cd sd ddl vdi thin nhan khdng cd ngddi
nudi dudng trpe tilp
- Trddng hpp hddng trp cip tuit mdt lin: Neu
bd chj khdng cd thin nhin hadng trp cip tuit
dinh chi dd nghj hddng trp cip tuit m^t ISn Mde
trp cap tuit m^t ISn trudng hc^ dang bio lUu
thdl gian ddng BHXH, cd mdi nim tfnh bSng 1,5
thing mde binh quin tidn lucmg, tidn cdng thing
ddng BHXH, mde thip nhit bSng 03 thing
Trin Thu Hh (Hd N6I): Tdi 35 tudi, dd nghi viic
trudc khi sinh con, viia qua dugc gidi quyit hudng
chi dd thai sdn nghl 06 thdng Tdi dugc biit chfnh
sdch BHXH cd chi dd dUdng sCfc phuc hdi sdc khde
sau sinh, vdy tdi cd thidi nghj gidi quyit hi/dng chi
dd ndy khdng?
Trd \iA:
Luit BHXH quy djnh, lao ddng nd sau thdi gian
hadng chl dd thai sin khi sinh con theo quy ^ n h ,
trong khoing thdi gian 60 ngiy tfnh td thdi diem
trd lai lim vide m i sdc khde cdn yeu thi dapc nghl
dadng sdc phuc hdi sdc khde tCr 5 -10 ngdy trong ndu nghl tai nhi, bing 40% mde Iddng cd sd nlu nghl t i p trung; hd sd gidi quydt hudmg dadng sdc phuc hdi sdc khde l i danh sdch de nghj do ngadi sddung lao ddng lip Nhuv$y,trudng hpp ngddi lao ddng tai chdc (dang cdng tic cd tham gia BHXH), do sdc khde cdn yeu chda di lim dupe
t i l p tpc nghl viec huifng chd dd dudng sdc phpc
hdi sdc khde Cdn ddl vdi trddng hc^ d i thdl vl^c, BHXH khdng cd quy djnh hddng dan d l giii quydt hddng chd dd dddng sdc phuc hdi sdc khde
TrSn Huy Long (Hd N6i): Tdi cdng tdc tgi mdt dan vi ddng trin dja bdn qudn Nam TCf Liim, cd thk BHYT ddng k^ khdm, chifa binh ban ddu tgi Binh viin Nam Thdng Long (Hd Ndi) VCfa qua, tdi bi binh gan vd chd ddng nhdp Binh vi$n Saint Paul diiu tri (trdi tuyin), thdi gian ndm vi$n 15 ngdy; khf ra viin tgi Gidy ra viin cd ghi Idi dgn cda bdc stcho phip d nhd diiu tri ngogi trd 07 ngdy, sau 07 ngdy tdi khdm
vd dugc cdp Gidy C65-HD cho nghl tUp 07 ngdy Vdy tdi cd dugc thanh todn chedd dm dau cho todn
bd sd ngdy ngh! ngogi trO khdng? Viic nhdp vi$n trdi tuyin cd dnh hudng din vl4c thanh toiin mCfc hudng chid$ 6m dau khdng?
Trd ldi:
Theo quy dinh tai Thdng tU sd 11/1999/mT-BYT-BHXH cua Bd Y td v i BHXH Viet Nam, co sd khim, chda benh tuydn tinh trd Idn cho ngadi bdnh nghl tdi da khdng q u i 10 ngiy TrUdng hpp sau thdi gian didu trj ngoai trd d tuydn huy$n, tuyin tinh, neu ngddi bdnh chua khdi thi phil khim lai v i tiep tuc cho nghl thdm nhUng tdi da khdng q u i 10 ngdy, tdng sd thdi gian cho nghl chda bdnh ngoai tru nhilu nhat td 27 ngdy
(khdng k l thiA gian didu trj ngo^i trd t^l tuyin
xi) Hdt thdi han niy, bdnh vln chua khdi, phil dua vio didu trj ndi trd hodc chuyin tdi B^nh vidn Dilu dadng - Phuc hdi chdc ning Theo quy djnh cda Lu$t BHXH, sd ngdy nghl dm dau trong mdt nam (khdng k l bdnh ddi ngdy) ddpc tfnh theo thdi gian tham gia BHXH, mde thip nhit Id 30
dm dau Ididng p^u thudc vio vide khim, chCfa bdnh dung tuydn hay trdi tuydn md phu thudc vio chd dd nghl trong nim theo quy dinh ndu hddng c h l dd 6m dau ndu tfnh ddn thdi dilm bi
dm dng dang tham gia BHXH bit budcH
ThSXd Thi Thu HUAig (Ban ThUc hiin cMnh sdch BHXH, BHXH Viit Nam)