Khi noi den thtrc hien cong bang xa hpi trpng phan phoi, thi cin noi din ca cpng bang trong phan phai tu lieu tieu dimg va cong bing trong phan ph6i tu lieu san xuat.. Thanh tun ciia vie
Trang 1Thu-c Men cong bang trong phan phoi
tir lieu san xuSt ff Viet Nam
Bui Thi Phinmg Thuy' Tom tat: Cong Mng trong phan ph6i tu lieu san xnit la mot hinh thiic biju hien cu
the cua cong bang xa hoi ve Icinh te Trong thai ky iii moi, Dang va Nha ntroc Viet
Nam luon quan tam thiic hien cong bang trong phan ph6i tn lieu san xuit Tuy nhicn tren thuc tc trong phan phoi tu lieu san xuit v3n con nhik bit cong Nha nuoc chua
tao duoc day du moi traong blnh dang giiia cac chii thi kinh ti, vln con phan biet d6i
xu g,ua_ khu vuc kinh le nha nuoc vdi khu vuc kinh ti tu nhSn Khu vuc kinh ti nha nuoe van duoc hirong nhieu dac quyin, dac lm, uu dS so voi khu vuc kinh ti tu nhan trong tiep can nguon luc ciia Nha nuoc Sir diu tu cua Nbi, mroc vin con trim lan kem hieu qua Nguyen nhan ehu yeu cua tinh trang nay li, co chi phan ph6i cu Cblnh quan
xm - cho) van con ton tai; bo miiy quan ly kem hieu qua; phap luat con nhiiu bit cap
Tir khoa: Cong bing xa hoi; tu lieu san xuit; ngu6n lire, phan ph6i; diu lir
1 Mff dau
Phan phdi la mpt khau cila qua trinh san
xuSt (san xuat - phan ph6i - trao ddi - tieu
dung); la mot mat quan trpng ciia quan he
san xuit; co anh hucmg tnrc tiep dcn hicu
qua ctia tai san xuit Thuc hien cong bing
Irong phan ph6i la dong Iuc cho sir phat
triin dit nutjc Phan phdi bao g6m viec
phan phoi cac yeu ttr diu vao ctia san xuit
(lu lifu san xuit) va san phim dau ra (tu
li?u tieu diing) Khi noi den thtrc hien cong
bang xa hpi trpng phan phoi, thi cin noi din
ca cpng bang trong phan phai tu lieu tieu
dimg va cong bing trong phan ph6i tu lieu
san xuat Chii the phan phai tu lieu san xuit
noi p (lay la Nha nuoc Phan phit tu lieu
san
bang Vay d nuoc ta cong bSng xa hpi trpng
phan phoi tu li?u san xuit da dupc thuc hicn nhu the nao? Bai viet nay phan tich
thanh tmi va ban che ciia vife thuc hien
ceng bang trong phan phoi tu lieu san xuat
o Vict Nam hien nay va nguyen nhan cua
nhung ban chi do
2 Thuc hifn cong bing trong phan phoi tir lifu san xuat thffi Ity tnr*c doi moi
Trong thoi ky trutic dBi mpi, voi quan diem cho ring chi dp tu hiiu la nguSn goe ciia su bdc lat, ciia tinh trang bat cong va bat binh dang xa hoi Dang va Nha nudc ta chli tnrong xda bd che do tu hiiu, thuc hien mdt nen kinh ti tap tnmg Liic nay sp hilu
ve tu lieu san xuit cp hai hinh thiic co ban
I xuat la boat ddng ciia Nha nudc trong lii sd hiru toan dan va sd hiiu tap the Tu
vife phan bd, dau tu ngudn luc (vat lire va lieu san xuit cita xa hdi dupc tap tning chit
nhan iuc) chp cac dia phuong, don vi trong
va ngoai l ^ a nudc di tiin hanh san xuil ''' Thac si, Vifn Tn6t hoc Hoc vien Chinl, iri qufic Phan phtii tu lieu san xuit cin phai cdne ^"'"".ChiMinh.DT 0986308664 Ema,l '
Trang 2yeu cho hai khu vuc kinh te nha nuac va
kmh te tap the Tu lieu san xuat duoc phan
phoi thuang mang ti'nh hien vat (nguon vat
m may moc, ca sa vat chat) Chang han,
trong khu vuc kinh te lap the, mgi tu lieu
san xuit (tu cai cay, cai bua, con trau den
rugng dit) d6u la tai san ciia tap the Tuy
nhien, toan bg tai san do tren thuc te da tro
thanh vo chii Quy mo ciia hgp tac xa cang
lan, thl tfnh vo chii doi vai tu lieu san xuat
cang cao Tmh trang nay ciing dien ra tucmg
tu doi vai Ioai hlnh kinh te quoc doanh
Nha nuoc giao vat tu, may moc cho dia
phuang va dan vi nhung khong co rang
buoc trach nhiem cu the ve Igi i'ch vat chat
doi vai vi?c sii dung tu Ii?u san xuat (tien
von, vat tu, miiy moc ) Day chfnh la mgt
trong nhiing nguyen nhan gay ra linh trang
Iang phi, tham 6 Tu do, vi?c sii dyng lu
li?u san xuat kem hi?u qua nhieu nguon Iyc
khong dugc khai thac, nhifiu ti6m nang
khong dugc phat huy, "cac xf nghiep ndi
chung chi su dung dugc khoang mgt nua
cong suat thiel ke", "tki nguyen ciia ddt
chua dugc khai lhac lot, lai bi sii dung lang
phi, nhat la dat nong nghi?p vk tai nguyen
rimg" [1 6(1987), tr.17] Han nua, voi
mong muon sam x6a bo khoang each giau
ngheo giira cac vung mien (nong thon
-th^nh thj, dong b5ng - mien mii) nha nuac
da dau tu din trai co tfnh binh quan cho cac
dia phuang vk dan vi trong khi dieu ki?n
ciia cdc dia phuang va dcm vi lai kh5c nhau
Dieu nky khifin cho vi?c dSu tu khong hi?u
qua, gay Iang phf nguon v6n cua dit nuoc;
tir do kinh te sa sut dcri s6ng nhan dan ngay
cang kho khan Mat khac, trong hoan canh
dat nuac bi chifin tranh tan pha nang nfi, ca
sa ha tang yfiu kem, ngudn v6n phu thugc
nhicu vao cac khoan irg giup va di vay
Tuy nhien Nha nudc chua "phan ph6i
dling cac nguon von, vat tu, hkng hfia trong tay Cac khoan chi ciia ngan s5ch
mang nang tfnh bao cip vk trong mgt
thai gian dai vugt qua ngu6n thu Vi?c su
dung c5c nguon vfin vay vk vifin trg kfim
hieu qua" [1,6(1987), tr.25]
3 Thanh tun ciia viec thyc hien cSng b^ng trong phan ph^i tv li£u san xu^t thoi ky doi moi
Tli sau doi moi den nay vdi phuang chim nhin thang vao sir that, Dai hgi Dang lan thii VI quyet dinh chuyfin nfin kinh te tap trung, bao cap, dua tren chfi do c6ng hiiu chli yeu ve tu lieu san xuit (dudi hai
hinh thlic quoc doanh vk tap thfi) sang nhn
kinh te hang hda nhifiu thinh phin vin hknh theo ca che thj trucmg cd sy quan ly ciia nha nudc theo djnh hudng xa hgi chu nghia,
a do mgi thinh phan kinh te deu binh ding
trong viec tiep c|n tu li?u san xuit ciia Nhk
nudc Cic tu ligu sin xuat thugc quyen sd him cua toin din (nhu lii nguyen dal dai, tai sin c6ng, ngu6n vdn, cong ngh?, ngin
sich ) do Nha nudc dai di?n quin ly vh
phan phoi; con doi tugng dugc phan phoi li nhihig chli the kinh te - xa hgi (cdc thinh phan kinh te, cac nginh kinh te, cic viing, mien cdc dan vi sin xuit trong va ngoii Nhi nudc) Nha nudc vdi chiic ning dieu tiet vfi ca bin da phin phoi tu li?u sin xuat mgt each cong bang cac tu Ii?u sin xuat thugc quyen sd hiiu ciia toin dan Vin de vfi cdng bing trong phan phdi tu lieu san xuat lin diu tien dugc n6u lfin trong Van kign Hgi nghi dai bifiu loan quoc giiia nhiem ky khda VII: "cong bing xi hgi the hien ca d khau phan phdi hgp l^- tu li?u sin xuat, lin khau phan phdi ket qua sin
Trang 3chi ra can cu de thuc hien phan phoi cdng
batig tu Ueu san xuat a nudc ta la sir thdng
nhat giua hieu qua kinh te va hieu qua xa
hpi: 'T^ha nudc diu tu vdn phat triin tir
ngan sach nha nudc can cu vao hieu qua
kinh te - xa hpi" [1, 9(2001),-lr.l03] Dai
hpi Bang lin thii XI da bd sung, lam ro
hon: "Dat dai, tai nguyen, v6n, tii san do
nha nudc dai dien chu sd hiiu dupc giao
cho cac chli the thupc mpi thanh phin kinh
te Sli dung thep nguyen tic hieu qua Cac
chli the cd quyin va nghia vu nhu nhau
trpng viec sii dung cd hieu qua cac ngudn
luc ciia nha nupc" [1, 11(2011), tr.207],
"cac ngudn luc dupc phan bo thep chiin
lupc, quy hoach, ki hoach phat triin kinh ti
-x'a hpi" [1, 11(2011), tr.74] Dai hpi Dang
lail thii XII da bd sung them mot quan
diem hoan toan mdi khi khjng djnh vai
tro ciia thi trupng Irong phan phdi tu li?u
san xuat: "thi trudng ddng vai trd chii yiu
trpng hiiy dpng va phan bd cd hifu qua
cfc ngudn luc phal tricn", "cac ngudn luc
nhi nudc dupc phan bd theo chiin lupc,
quy hoach, ke hoach phu hpp vpi ca che
thj tnidng" [1, 12(2016), lr.26 - 27]
Thuc hien phan phdi cong bing tu lieu
san xuit co nghia la phan bd tu lieu san
xuat chli yeu do Nha nudc quan ly cho mpi
chti the kinh tc trong xa hpi dua tren hieu
qua Sli dung va miic ddng gpp chp xa hdi
Hi?u qua d day dupc hieu la su thdng nhit
giua hi?u qua kinh 16 va hi?u qua xa hdi
Hi?u qua xa hpi la tit ca nhung ddng gdp
phi vat chat cho xa hpi (tap cdng an viec
lam, xda ddi, giam nghep, thuc hien an sinh
xa hpi, bao ve mdi trapng ) Phan phdi tu
li?u san xual dua tren hieu qua kinh ti - xa
hpi la cdng bang vi can cii ca vao hieu qua
kinh te va hi?u qua xa hpi Dieu dd cd
nghia, ai sii dung tu lieu san xuat cd hieu qua hpn va ddng gdp cho xa hpi nhiiu hon, ngudi do se duac phan phdi nhieu tu lieu san xuat hon Cac chti thi cd xuit phat didm bat Ipi hpn thi can phai cd su uu dai Nhung
£u uu dai dd cung phai cdng bing giiia cac chli the cimg cd xuit phat diim bit loi nhu nhau Nha nudc phai thuc hien diiu pht5i cac ngudn luc mdt each hpp ly (cdng bing)
di nhiing khu virc ft cd diiu kien thuan lpi van cd the cd dupc cp hdi phat tnin, khic phuc va ngan chan nguy ca tut hau tai cac khu vuc dd, dam bao cho mpi khu vuc deu dupc hudng thu nhftng cp hpi cflng nhu thanh qua ciia su phat triin chung Viec phan phdi tu lieu san xuit cdng bSng se lam cho cac chli thi kinh ti phai khdng ngimg nang cap hieu qua sii dung nhirng tu li?u san xuat dupc phiin phdi di vua ddng gdp vao s\r phat trien ciia xa hdi, vtra dupc hudng thanh qua tucmg xiing Viec phan phni tu lieu san xuit ngay cang giam dan tinh blnh quan, cap bing, diiu dp giiip cac chtl thi kinh te cd cp hpi tiep can binh djng hon vpi cac nguon luc di phat triin Tii dd, quy md ciia nen kinh te khdng ngimg dupc
mp rdng, ddi sdng nhan dan dupc cai thien Nhin chung trong thdi ky ddi mdi Dang va Nha nudc da phan phdi tu lieu san xuit cdng bang Diiu dd thi hien tren mdt sd diem sau
Tlti nhdt, da phan dinh rd quyen ctia
ngudi sp huu, quyin cua ngupi sii dung tu lifu san xuat va quyin quan ly ciia Nha nudc trpng llnh vuc san xuit kinh doanh Thang 8 nam 1987, Hdi nghj Tning upng lan thir 3 da ra Nghi quyit vi ddi mdi cp che quan ly kinh ti vdi ndi dnng chii yeu la thuc hien chi do tu chii kmh doanh cua cac
Trang 4nha nudc vfi kinh te Tir do den nay rit
nhifiu van ban, quy dinh cua Nha nudc lien
quan den vin de nay dugc ban hanh de phil
hgp vdi tinh hinh thuc tfi ciia dat nudc Theo
tinh than cac van ban tren, cac Bg da din
giao quyfin tu chii, ty chiu trach nhifim cho
cic dan vi sin xual kinh doanh trong vific
quan ly von, tai sin ciia dcm vi Difiu nay
bugc cic dan vi phii cd trich nhiem bao
quin su dung tu lieu san xuat dugc giao
Trong sin xuit nong nghiep, vdi Luat
Dil dai (nam 1993, 2003, 2013) vi cic van
bin phap luit co lifin quan, ngudi sii dung
dat CO khi nhieu quyfin: quyen sii dung,
quyen chuyen doi, quyen chuyen nhugng,
quyen the chap, quyen thira ke, quyen gdp
von lien doanh, quyen dugc bdi Ihudng,
quyfin cii lao, boi bd dit dai dfi khai thac cd
hi?u qui cho cugc song Ve ca bin, ngudi
din da cd gin hel quyfin ciia chii sd hiiu
Vi?c phan dinh ro cic loai quyen dd nhim
lim cho mgi tu li?u san xuat dfiu cd ngudi
Iam chli Chii the dugc phin phoi tu lieu
sin xual cung ddng thdi dugc giao quyfin ty
chli, ty chiu trich nhi?m trong vi?c sii dyng
lu !i?u sin xuat Vi?c gin quyfin sd hiiu vdi
quyen sii dyng da gin bd ngudi sin xuit
vdi tu li?u sin xuit huge moi ngudi phai
suy nghT, tfnh toan, chii dgng sang tao de sii
dyng tu li?u sin xuit vdi hi?u qua cao nhit
Thu hai, lu li?u sin xuit dugc phin phdi
ngiy cing cdng bing giua cic viing, mien,
giua cac din tgc, ting ldp nhan dan Sau khi
dat nudc budc vao cdng cugc ddi mdi, nen
kinh ifi^iuy cd khdi sic nhung trinh dg phat
trifin vin cdn nhifiu han chfi Trong khi do,
ngudn vdn cd han, nfiu diu tu din trai thi se
khdng dem lal hi^u qui kinh tfi cung nhu
hi?u qui xa hdi Vi vay vific diu tu cin
phil cd trgng tam, trgng difim Nha nudc da
tip trung cic ngudn luc ciia minh dfi xiy dyng va phat trien cac viing kinh te trgng diem Cac vung trgng diem dd cd tic dung thlic day nen kinh te ca nudc phit trifin, tao
ca hgi di len cho cic viang khic Cic vimg kinh te trgng diem phat trifin vdi nhip do nhanh di cd ddng gdp dang kfi vio sy ting trudng kinh te chung ciia dat nudc Thuc hifin cdng bang phan phdi tu lieu san xuat con li thyc hifin phin phdi ngufin lyc mdt cich hgp ly de cic khu vuc c(5 fl dieu kien thuan lgi cd ca hgi phat trifin tfit han, khac phyc tinh trang tut hau, dim bao mgi khu vuc, mgi ngudi deu dugc hudng thy cac thanh qui ciia sy phat trifin chung
Vl thfi, ben canh viec dau tu cd trgng lim, trgng diem Nhi nudc ta ciing dinh ngufin lyc nhit dinh dfi phat trifin cac vung kh^c tren ca sd phit huy the manh ciia tiing viing, nhit li cac viing khd khin, thu h?p
khoing cich ve tnnh dg phit trifin giiia ck
vilng Vf dy, Nhi nudc chgn dja diem xiy dung nhi may lgc diu tai Dung Quit vl cin cii ca vio higu qua xa hgi (dfi thu h?p khoang each phit trifin ciia cac tinh Trung Trung Bg vdi cac vfing khic, mic dii ve hieu qua kinh te xay dyng nhi miy t^ Dung Quit khong cd hieu qui kinh le cao
so vdi xiy dyng nhi miy lai VCng Tiu) Vf
du khac, de ho trg cac vting khd khin vuon Ien thu hgp khoing cich vfi tnnh dg phit trifin kinh te giiia cic vilng, Chfnh phii di phe duy?t vi chi dao thyc hign c^c chinh sach, chuang trinh nhu: Quyfit djnh 755/QD-TTg ve vi?c phe duygt Chi'nh sich
hd trg dat d dit san xuit, nudc sinh ho?l cho hd ddng bao dan tgc thieu so nghfio vi
hg ngheo d xa, thdn ban die bigt khd khin;
Trang 5chi'nh sach cho vay vdn phat trien san xuit
dpi vpi hd dan tpc thiiu so dac biet ichd
khan giai dpan 2012 - 2015; Chupng trinh
Hd tro ling dung va chuyin giap tiin bp
khpa hpc va cdng nghe phuc vu phat trien
kinh te - xa hdi ndng thdn va miin niii;
cac md hlnh thudc Chucmg trinh muc tieu
qudc gia xay dung ndng thdn • mdi;
Chuang trtnh hd trp phat triin san xuit
thupc chuang trtnh du an 135; cac cdng
trtnh ldn nhu dudng Hd Chf Minh, trong 5
trieu ha rirng, cac chuang trtnh thiiy lpi,
giap thdng npngthdn
Su diiu tiit phan phdi cdng bJng (hop
ly) lu lieu san xual trong nhtrng nam qua da
gdp phJn thlic day san xuat, phat triin kinh
le, nang cao dtri sdng ciia ngupi dan, dac
bi?t viing ndng thdn, miin nui Ket ciu ha
tang dupc nang cip va xay dung mdi, thi
trupng hang hpa dupc hinh thanh thay thi
dan nen kinh ti tu cung tu cip, cac djch vu
xa hdi thiet yeu nhu y te, giao due, nudc
sach, V? sinh mdi trudng da duac cai thien
Time hien cdng bang trong phan phdi tu
li?u san xuit cdn gdp phin quan trpng trong
vi?c dn dinh xa hdi bpi nd tao ra su hai hoa
lpi ich giira cac chu thi kinh to, cac nhdm
xa hpi, tir dd tap dung duac Idng tin ciia cac
chti the kinh te vao nha nudc va chi dp, tao
dung su dn dinh xa hdi
4 Nhihig han che ciia vi?c thuc hifn
cong bing trong phan phoi tu liju san
xuat d- Vift Nam hifn nay
^ Trong cac Van kifn ciia Dang thdi ky
ddi mpi gan day deu khjng djnh, cac chu
the kinh te cd quyen ngang nhau trpng viec
dupc phep tiep can cac ngudn luc phal
trudng blnh dang hoan loan giua cac chii the kinh te trong viec tiep can cac nguon
luc, van cdn phan biet ddi titi giiia khu vuc
kinh te nha nudc vpi khu vuc kinh ti ni nhan Khu vuc kinh te nha nudc vln duoc huting nhieu dac quyen, dac lai, uu tien, uu dai so vdi cac khu vuc kinh te tu nhan trpng tiep can ngudn luc ciia Nha nupc Doanh nghiep nha nupc dupc cip dat kinh doanh, hoac neu phai thue thi vdi miic gia uu dai (so vdi gia tri thi trupng), sau dd dupc sir dung dat thue de thi chip vay vdn ngan hang, trpng khi cac doanh nghiep ngoai nha nupc khdng duac hudng uu dai nay Trong tiep can ngudn vdn tiin te cung dien ra lupng tu Vdn la mdt trong nhirng lmh vuc quan trpng hang dau ddi vdi san xuit Trpng nhirng nam qua, Viet Nam da thtrc hien huting uu tien phan phdi nguon luc cho cac doanh nghiep, nganh, du an sit dung nhicu vdn, dac biel la doanh nghiep nha nudc Cac doanh nghiep nha nudc dupc uu^ tien tiep can tfn dung va ngpai tf khan hiem vpi gia thip hon gia thj trudng Nam
2014, Chfnh phu ban hanh 20 van ban cho phep ngan hang dupc cung cap tfn dung vugt gidl han cho cac doanh nghiep nha nudc nhu Tap doan Diu khf Tap doan Than - Khoang san Tap doan Difn lire, Vietnam Airiines Ben canh dd, doanh nghiep nha nudc cd gidi han ngan sach mem, nghia la Nha nupc cira trp cac doanh nghiep nha nudc khi cac doanh nghiep nha nudc gap khd khan vi tai chinh Vdi nhirng
uu dai nhu vay, doanh nghiep nha nudc mjc dil hoat ddng kem hicu qua vln cd Ipi the hon han va cd thi lan at doanh nghiep
tu nhan, tham chi dii doanh nghiep nha nudc hoat ddng kem hieu qua nhung luong cua ngudi quan ly vin rit cao Ngudn luc
Trang 6chung ciia toan din Vific Nhi nudc uu dai
cic doanh nghiep nha nudc gap khd khan
ma khdng uu dai cho cic doanh nghiep tu
nhan tuong tu gap khd khin la viec lim
khdng cong bang
Sy dau tu ciia Nha nudc vin cdn trin
lan, kem hifiu qui Trong bdi cinh ngudn
von cd han, vific phan bd vi sii dyng vdn
diu tu ciia qudc gia mgt cich hifiu qui li
yeu cau sdng cdn trong quan Iy kinh te tai
Viet Nam hifin nay Tren thuc tfi, vific phin
bd ngudn luc van cdn trin lan; tii dd hieu
qui ciia su diu tu thap Cd thfi lay vf du
trong ITnh vuc diu tu cdng Hien nay, cic
dja phucmg dfiu thi nhau xiy dyng co sa ha
ting ma khdng cin cii vao tinh tinh thyc le,
nhu cau ciia dja phuang Sy dau tu din trai
dan dfin cho, mgl cue vdn bi che ra rat nhd,
khdng dy in nio hoan thinh mgt cich cd
chat lugng Cd nhung dy an cin thifit nhung
thieu vdn nfin cham tifin do hoac thyc hign
giiia chimg phai dimg, trong khi dd, cd
nhiing dy in cd the dii vdn, nhung xay xong
khdng biet de dung cho ai Rit nhifiu dy in
vfi xay bao ling, tugng dai, try sd nhung lai
khdng xuat phit tir nhu cau phat trifin thiel
thyc Hay trong ITnh vyc khoa hgc cdng
ngh?, c6 nhieu dan vj dugc Nha nudc cip
kinh phf nghien ciiu nhiing dfi tai tuang tu
nhau song dgc lap khong cd sy lien kfit vdi
nhau Tir dd tao ra nhiing kfit qua tuang ddi
gidng nhau nhung khdng iing dung dugc
hoic nira vdi vi ngudn ngin sach han chfi
Cic doanh nghifip nha nudc dugc uu dai vfi
ngudn luc nhung hifiu qui diu tu cdn chua
tuang xiing Trong giai doan 2006 - 2010
doanh nghifip nha nudc chiem 44,7% tdng
von dau tu nhung chi tao ra 27,8% GDP,
dau tu nhung tao ra 41,6% GDP Chat lugng tang trudng kinh tfi d cic doanh nghiep nha nudc thap chu yeu tang tmdng theo chieu rgng, dua vao yfiu td vdn Ii chii yfiu, khdng tao ra dugc nhieu vific Iim moi Trong giai doan 2006 - 2010 doanh nghiap nhi nudc gan nhu khdng tao ra vific lam mdi, doanh nghiep dan doanh tao ra 84,8% viec lim mdi Mgt difim ding lim y d day
la, gin 50% ddng gdp vao GDP ciia khu vyc niy l i tu khai thac tii nguyen qudc gia (dau khi, than, khoang sin ) [8, tr.l35] Theo De in ' T i i ca cau doanh nghigp nhS nudc" ciia Bd Tai chfnh nam 2012, miic lo bmh quan cua mgt doanh nghigp nhi nudc cao gap 12 lan so vdi doanh nghigp ngoii nhi nudc; vi cd den 30/85 tap doin vi tfing cdng ly cd ty le ng phai tra tren vdn chii so hiiu cao hon 3 lan, die bigt cd 7 tap doin, tdng cdng ty cd ty lg niy tren 10 lin Sau 5
nam thyc hign De an ' T i i ca ciu doanh
nghigp, trgng tam li tap doin, tdng cdng ty nhi nudc giai doan 2011 - 2015" dugc Thii tudng chfnh phii ky ban hanh ngiy 17 thing
7 nam 2012, tfnh dfin ngiy 25/12/2015 ca nudc cd phin hda dat 93% kfi hoach Tuy nhien, tai ca cau chua lam thay ddi quy md, pham vi cua doanh nghigp nha nudc trong nfin kinh te ciing nhu phan bd lai nguon lyc giira doanh nghigp nha nudc vdi doanh nghiep khic Cic doanh nghigp van Iifin Hic bio lo hoic lai rit ft Tfnh dfin hfit nim tii chinh 2014 Bg Tii chi'nh cho bifil, nhifiu dan vi nhiing nim trudc diy lo rit nhifiu, thi nhd hoat dgng tai ca ciu, nim 2014 da hoat dgng cd higu qua v i bu dip dugc l3
liiy ke ciia cic nim trudc Mic dii vay, d
lien lai ciia mgt vai doanh nghigp con qui nhd nhoi so vdi sd lo cua cac doanh nghi?p
Trang 7trong nam 2014 Cu thi, chi Unh rieng Id
phat sinh ciia 10 tap doan, tdng cdng ty
trong nam 2014 da la 4.901 ty ddng; cpn Id
liiy ke ctia 19 tap dpan, tdng cdng ty tfnh
den dau nam 2015 Icn tdi cpn sd 24.451 ty
ddng Trpng khi dp, tdng sd np phai tra ciia
cac tap doan, tdng cdng ty da len tdi
1.567.000 ti ddng, tang 8% so vdi nam
2013 Viec phan phdi ngudn luc cua Nha
nutic mpt each hieu qua la hit siic can thiit
Khdi kinh ti tu nhan vi khdi kinh te nha
nudc phai dupc tiip can cdng bJng ngudn
lire dp thep tidu chf hieu qua
5 Nguyen nhan ciia han che
Cd nhieu nguyen nhan dan din han chi
ciia vifc thuc hifn cdng bJng trong phan
phdi tu lieu san xuit it Viet Nam hien nay,
trong dd cd hai nguyen nhan chii yiu sau
Thi nhdt, ca chi phdn phdi cu (binh
qudn, xin - cha) vdn con ldn tgi Chiing ta
tien hJnh ddi mdi dupc 30 nam song din
nay chiing ta van chju anh hudng khdng
nhd ctia cp chi cii di lai Viec phan phdi tu
lifU san xuil cho cdc dja phuang vln mang
tt'nh binh quan, dua thea cac tieu chf vi dan
sp, trtnh dp ph^t triin, dipn tfch tu nhicn, sd
dan vj hinh chfnh Co chi phan phdi xin
-cho khdng theo hifu qua dua tren nhiing
nhu cau phit triin khach quan Ngudi xin
iv Sn thl c6 gjng xin dupc bao nhieu tdt
bay nhieu; cdn ngudi chp thi khdng can cii
vip nhu ciu phat trien thuc su ciia dja
phupng, ma tuy thep quan hp tlnh cam ca
nhan chii quan Tren thuc ti cd vd sd du an
dupc cip vdn theo kiiu phan chia ddng deu
de khdi mit long ai Trong khi dang lc
ngudn von i y cin tap trang diu tu di xii ly
nhihig nut thJt tSng truting, hay tap ra bimg
nd tang trudng p diim nap dd di tao ra lan tda Ket qua, hieu qua tdng thi lan hieu qua dtr an cu thi deu thip
Thi hai, bg mdy qudn ly kem hieu qud; phdp lugt cdn nhieu bat cdp Nha nudc vdi
tu each la dai dien ctia xa hdi can phai phan phdi cac ngudn luc mot each cdng bjng Trotig thdi gian qua Dang ta cp nhieu nghj quydt ve cai each hanh chi'nh, nang cao hieu luc, hieu qua quan ly cua Nha nudc Song, nang luc quan ly diiu hanh ciia Nhi nupc chua ngang tam vtH ddi hdi ciia thpi ky mdi Dieu niy dan den hau qua li: cdng tac lap quy hoach, xay dung ki hpach phiit trien chua tdt, khdng phii hpp thuc tien vi thieu tim nhin; chua cp nhiing chi tieu rp ring cu thi di xac dinh thii tu uu tien cho phin bd ngudn luc diu tu nhi nudc Trpng khi dd t;hit lupng dpi ngil cdng chiic chua ngang tam vpi yeu ciu ciia thdi dai: kien thlic va nang luc quan ly ve CiSc mat Iuat phap, hinh chi'nh cung nhu ky nang hinh chfnh ctia cdng chiic nhin chung cdn kem Dieu dang lo ngai hpn niia chi'nh li su suy thpai vc dao diic ciia mpt bp phan khdng I't cdng chtic Khdng ft cdng chiic lpi dung chirc quyin trpng qua trinh phan bd nguon luc vdi muc dfch v(i lpi Vifc xay dung vi ban hinh mpt sd van ban phap luat (quy djnh, che dp, chi'nh sich) lien qnan den phan phdi tu lifu san xuit vira cham, vira thieu ddng bd vdi chit luang chua cap Quy trtnh xay dung phap luat con thieu tfnh dan chli, minh bach; each phan cdng va thuc hien quy trtnh soan thao de din den tinh trang bao ve Ipi feh cue bp ciia nginh, dja phuong, chua that su vi lpi feh chung Chua
cd quy dinh rd vi cac lieu chf vi each danh
gia hieu qua diu tu vi tac ddng ciia dir an
Trang 8diu tu Chua cd van ban phap luit huu hifiu
dfi ngin chin, kiem soit va diy lili tinh
trang diu tu tiiy tifin, dan trai, khdng hifiu
qui, ling phi, thit thoit Cdng tic kiem tra
va giam sit con nhieu han chfi Sy phdi hgp
cua cic ca quan chiic ning thanh tra vi
kiem loin cdn ldng lfio, thieu ddng bd
Cdng tic xu ly hay cudng che sai pham,
truy Cliu trich nhiem cdng vu chua thuc su
kip thdi vi dling phap Iuat Diy chfnh la
nguyen nhan gia lang tinh trang tham
nhung, lang phf Chfnh sich lot nhung td
chiic thyc hifin kem cung se vi pham
nguyen tic cdng bang xi hdi Nguyen tic
phan phdi mi Dang la nfiu ra trong difiu
kifin nudc ta hign nay dugc danh gia li
cdng bing vi hgp ly nhung nguyen tic nay
chua dugc thyc hign tdt trong thyc lfi Tuy
li phan phdi theo higu qui kinh te - xa hdi,
nhung thyc lfi cd nai chi chii y dfin higu qua
kinh te ma qufin di cic hifiu qua xa hdi, cd
noi Iai chi chu y dfin higu qua xi hgi trong
khi khdng quan tam thda ding dfin hifiu qui
kinh lfi
6 Ket luan
^ Phin phdi tu lieu san xuit cua Nhi nudc
can bao dim cdng bing giiia cac chii thfi
kinh tc Mac du Ding vi Nhi nudc ta di
dua ra nhifiu chii truang, chi'nh sich dim
bio thyc hign cong bing xa hdi trong phan
phdi tu ligu sin xuit, nhung do nhifiu
nguyen nhan chu quan va khich quan nfin
vi^gc phan phdi tu lieu sin xuit tren thuc tfi
van chua that sy cong bing Difiu do dan
dfin chd vice Sli dyng cic ngudn Iuc ciia
Nha nudc chua cd higu qua nhu mong
mudn Dfi thyc hign muc tifiu xiy dung mdt
xi hgi dan giau, nudc manh, dan chii, cong
bang, van minh thi can thyc hign cdng bins trong phan phdi ca tu lieu tieu diing vi tir lieu sin xuat
Tai lieu tham khao
[1] Dang Cgng san Viet Nam, Vdn kifn Diji
hpi dgi bieu loan guoc lan thii VI(I9B7),
IX(200I), XI(201I), Xn(20!6) , Nxb Sir that Ha Noi
[2] Dang Cgng san Viet Nam (1994), VSn
kien Dai hoi dgi bieu lodn guoc giOa nhiem ky khod VII, Nxb Chfnh In quoc
gia Ha Noi
[3] Nguyen Minh Hoin (2009), Cong bdngxa
hoi irong lien bg xd hgi, Nxb Chfnh trj
qudc gia Hi Ngi
[4] Nguyen Van Dgng (2014), "Sy phit triln nhan thuc cua Dang ve phit trifin ben
vung", Tap chi Ly lugn chi'nh Iri, so 1, [5] Tran Thi Hing (2009), Cong bdng xd hpi
trong phdn phdi a nudc ta hten nay, Lujn
van thac sT Trifit hgc, Tmtmg Dai hgc Khoa hoc xa hpi vi Nhan vin - D?i hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi
[6] Le Quoc Ly (2014), Thdnh cong vd nhiing
bai hoc ddi gid ciia doanh nghiap nhii nuoc, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Hi Npi
[7] Nguyen Trgng Phuc (2014), "Luc lugng san xuat va quan hg sin xuit nhin tii qui trinh cdng nghigp hda, hign dai hda dit nudc",
Tap chf L-y lugn chinh tri, sfi 2 [11] Vu Thanh San (2014), Phdn phoi binh
ddng cdc nguon luc kinh te: Tiep cgn ly ludn vd thu iien a mot s6 qudc gia, Nxb
Chfnh tri qudc gia - Sy that, Hi Ngi