^Vi«n Din t«c hpc - Vifin Khoa hpc Xa hOi Vifit Dfiy li hai ling tfiupc khu vyc tfiinh phi, noi dien ra nhimg ho^t dpng kinh tl sdi dpng kfio tfieo dd li nhiing biln doi tiong ddi sing
Trang 116 4 (20)-ail ai: riGHlEN COtI VAN H 6 A I
M 6 | QUAN H | GIA OiNH, D O N G H O 6 CLT DAN L A N G CHAI (NGHIEN COU TRl/dNG HOP L A N G CHAI VEN BI^N GOA VAN
Q U A N G N I N H VA LANG CHAI S O N G LO, TUVeN QUANG)
NguySn Thi T4in'
Tdm tit: Bii viit gdp phin Ip giii vi lim nii b$t mii quan hi gin kit, tuang tig gida cic thinh van trong gia dinh, ddng hg d ling chai trong dc hogt i^ng sinh ki vi ddi sing hing ngiy qua hai diim
nghUn cduHngt^iii sdng Ld, thinh phi Tuyin Quang, Hnh Tuyin Quang vi ling chii Oia Vgn, thinh phi Hg Long, Hnh Ouing Ninh Ding th&i chi ra ring, sg twang trg gida dc thinh viin trong gia dinh,
ddng hg d ling chii Tuyin Quang khdng edn dagc gin kit nha d ling chil Cda Vgn Thay dii nghi
nghiip tnjyin thing doge coi li nhin ti chi phii quan trgng nhit din din sg khic biit niy
Tir khda: Gia dinh, ddng hg, Ung ehii, tinh d kit
1 MA diu
Kfit qui ngMfin ciiu cua cic nhi xa hpi hpc
Bong giai do?n gin day cM ra ring, kM nln
kinh te chuyin sang ea cbi tfij tiudng tfii sy
bien dli ttong md Mnh noi d vi cie quan hfi
tfifin tpc phin inh xu budng tfiu nhd quy rad
gia dlnb, ttong dd kinh tl ddng vai ttd quan
ttpng Nhung hp eiing nhfin tfiiy ring sy phit
tiiln ciia edng nghifip hda vi dd tfij hda chua
dli ni?nh dl 140 ra nhimg biln ddi can ban
ttong md Mnh noi d vi cfic quan hfi tfifin tpc
TJ lfi gia dlnb md rpng d dd tfij cao hon d
ndng tfidn, Nhimg quan hf hp hing dupe ciing
CO tiong nhiing quan hfi tfiim vilng vi sy giiip
dd lan nhau Anh em, hp hing van li nguon
ttp giup khi ein tfiilt (1) Do dd, ngMfin cuu
niy gdp phin IJ giai vi lim ndi bfit mli quan
hfi gfin kit cua eie tfiinh vien ttong gia dinh,
ddng hp d ling ehii ttong cic bo?it dpng sinh
kfi vi ddi sing hing ngiy
Dli mpng ngMfin ciiu dupc ehung tdi chpn
1^ ling chii Ciia V ^ (tfiinh phd Ha Long
Quing Ninh) vi ling ehii sdng Ld (tfiinh phi
Tuyfin (Juang, Tuyfin Quang)
^Vi«n Din t«c hpc - Vifin Khoa hpc Xa hOi Vifit
Dfiy li hai ling tfiupc khu vyc tfiinh phi, noi dien ra nhimg ho^t dpng kinh tl sdi dpng kfio tfieo dd li nhiing biln doi tiong ddi sing cua cu dfin, ding tfidi qua dd chung ta ed cii nMn sfiu sic hem vl tfnh cl kit eua gia dinh, ddng hp d ling chii o:ong boi cfinh xa hpi mdi
Cu dfin goc cila C:iia V?in chu ylu li d hai ling chii el xua sinh sdng ven khu Ciia Lyc
li Giang Vdng vi Tnic Vdng Hifn nay, ling ehii tfiuOc phudng Himg Thing, tfiinh phi H? Long Diy li mpt ttong 4 ling chii ttfin vjnh H? Long, vdi sd lupng dfin eu ddng nhit (3 ling chii cdn l^i li: Ba Hang, Cing Tiu, Vdng Vieng), Thdn Cua Vjin cd 176 hp, glm
733 nhfin khiu, hiu hit diu sdng bing nghe chii ludi, ttong dd cd 122 hp vdi 582 nhin khiu li dfin goc eUa ling Giang Vdng vi Tnic Vdng xua Thinh phan dfin tpc chu ylu li ngudi Kinh (Vift), cd rapt tiudng hpp li ngudi Hoa Ciia V^m cd lyc lupng lao dpng ttfi sung siic So ngudi ttfin dp mli lao d|ng tiiip
so vdi ca ciu dfin so cua ling Do mdi ttudng song cd nhihig dfic tfiii rifing: sing dya vio biln cfi, nghl ngMfip chu ylu li dinh bit ci nfin nMeu kM nhimg doi mpng d dudi dp mli lao dpng ctag dfi li mpt lyc lupng lao d|ng quan ttpng giiip gia dinh ttong cu$c sing bing ngiy, dfic bift li iMlu nifin Tbdn Ciia V^in cd
Trang 2fcton >j(Maini Hf gia gioti deng i i ^ ,
nMfiu ddng tpc nhung ddng nhit li bp
Nguyen, Duong va Pham
Van chai song Ld nim d giiia long thanh
phd Tuyfin (Juang tii hing ttfira nfim nay
Dfin van chii la dfin hi xii ve eu ngu ttfin
song, sdng bfing nghl chii ludi vi ehd do
Sd eu dfin nay cM cdn 58 hd, ehu ylu la
"f'^ Kinh, cd 2 bp Ii ngudi Hoa Do sdng
gfin bo vdi mdi ttudng sdng nude, cic till bfi
tiep ndi nhau sdng ttfin cUng mdt con tiiuyln
dfi hinh tfiinh nhihig tfip tye, kifing ki, ti'n
nguong vi nhihig gifi ui vfin hda die ttung
cila cu dfin v?m chii, dfic bift li mli quan bf
gia dinh, ddng bp Trude dfiy, ngudi dfin
song dya vio sdng, cic boat dpng kinh tl
phythupc chit chfi vio mdi ttudng song nfin
^ B " l " ^ hfi tirong ttp lan nhau giira cic
tfiinh vifin ttong gia dlnb, ddng bp d ling
ehii dupc tfiilt Ifip chfit cbe Hifin nay do
tfie dpng ciia nln kinh tl tiij ttirdng, nguon
lpi tii sdng ngiy eing khan hilm, ngudi dfin
ehii da tim nbihig phuong tfnic khie nhau
dfi t?o ngudn tiiu, ttong dd eie boat dpng
sinh kfi tten bd dupe chd ttpng Nhiing tic
nhfin niy da lim cho tfnh el kit ttfin phuang
difin kinh tl trong gia dlnb, ddng hp d ling
chii sdng Ld khdng cdn dupe nhu ttudc,
mli quan hfi mong ttp ldng din do cfic ci
nhfin cd tfil tv ehu t^io ngudn thu, Tuy
nMfin, ttong cic djp ty hpp gia dinh cic
bo?t dpng tinh tiiin ciia epng dong hofic khi
cd vifc ttijng d?ii tfii sy mong ttp giiia cic
thinh vifin van dupc pbfit buy
2 Nhihig d|c diem chung ve gia dinh
lang chai
Trong cic loju hinh ling tfii v^n chii li
lo9i ling eua nhimg ngudi lim nghl chii
ludi, dinh bit tfiuy sfin Dan cu d ling chii
cd till li dfin tii noi khic din dfiy lim in
sinh sdng hofic din bin dja m ti^n can
xuong ttiuyfin song Ngudi dfin ling chii
song tiren nhiing chile thuyin, bfi dupe lim
tir nhirng nguyfin lifiu sin ed: tte, go, mia li
ep Hau bit gia fflnb van chai Ii gia dinh nhd gdm 2 tfie bf, do song ttfin tiiuyln, khdng gian chat bpp nen khi eon efii Ifip gia dlnb bd me cd gfing lam cho CMIC diuygn
ra d rieng Ddi vdi ngudi dfin van chii, con
thuyfin khdng cM la phuong tifn nghl ngMfip, phuang tifn di ehuyin ma edn li noi ngM ngai, sinh boat ngoii tfidi gian lao ddng vat vi Vio buli toi hay ttong nhung ngay mua gid, cfi gia dmh qufiy ty ttong long thuyin Tuy nMfin, khdng gian sdng niy cung gay ra khdng ft nhirng khd khan, eon tiiuyln - nhi d rit chfit ehpi, tfulu thdn nMlu tifn ngM sinh boat; ttfi nhd len xuong tfiuyfin de ttirpt chfin ngfi xuong nude Vio m&a nude lfin, mua bao lii ngudi chii gia dlnb ban dem viia ngu vira tfnic canh chiing, phfii thd chfin xuIng diy thuyin dl bilt nude ed ngfip tfiuyin khdng, hofic khi nude lfin till dua tiiuyln sit vio bd, khi nude xudng lai phai diy tfiuyin ra xa cho khdi mfic can NMn ehung, d ttfin tiiuyln cdn khi nMfiu bit tifin, dfic Mft li ttong sinh boat
Do sdng xa bd nfin ngudi dfin chii thudng xuyfin tfiilu nude s?u;b, nhit li cu dan ling chai Ciia Van, Ha Long dieu kifn di l?i vio dat lifin khdng tfiufin tifin nfin hing ngiy hp phfii tifit kifm tiing can nude ngpt dl dam bfio cic nhu ciu sinh boat Trudc dfiy, cfic tiiinh vifin ttong gia dinh dfin chii sing ttong mdi ttudng khep kfn, ft cd sy giao luu vdi ngudi trfin bd lim cho vific tilp cfin cfic tfldng tin vl hudng dyng cM'nh sich xa hpi cdn ban chi Da sl dfin cu cic van chii diu tiiupe sy quan IJ eiia dan vj binh ehfnh tren
bd Tuy nMfin, mdi quan bfi ling xdm cua
hp UTTOC kia tfiudng bd hpp, ft giao luu vdi
cupc sing ttfin dit liln
Cimg nhu ttong npi ddng, cfie gia dinh d cfic ling ehii vfin giii vai ttd quan ttpng dli vdi cfic ci nhfin Hp ttudc hit van li tap hpp cua nhihig ngudi ed cilng huylt tfidng Tuy nMfin, khfic vdi ttfin dit Uen, cu dfin van chii
ft dupc bpc binh, khdng bilt chu nen myfit
Trang 318
d^i bp phfin cic ddng hp khdng cd gia phfi,
Vl vay, thdng thudng dng td ma hp bifit hay
nhd dupc chi dfin 5 ddi Ddng bp ed ttich
nhifim eung dng td dd vio ngiy mfit cua ong
NIU khdng nhd tM ngiy gio thudng dupc
tiln hinh vio dip cudi nfim
Trong gia dinh dfin chii, vai tro ciia ngudi
din dng ifit quan trpng, bp li tty cpt gia dinh
Hdm nio nhiing ngudi dan dng di ving tM
bdm dd vific dinh bit bi dung lai Gia £nh ngu
dfin cic vung ven bifin khic tii mifin Trung ttd
vio phd bifin cM cd chong ra bifin cdn vp d
nhi trfin dit lifin Nhung vdi ngu dan H^ Long
vi din chii sdng Ld tM cfi hai vp chdng cimg
di dfinh cfi - cM'nh vi vfiy bp ludn d ttfin thuyin,
mfic dil mpt sd ngudi cd nhi trfin bd, song chi
ddng cita dfi dfiy vi hp xudng thuyin sinh song
Rd ring, ngudi din dng tiong gia dinh dfin chii
cd tilng ndi quan trpng bdi hp li nhiing ngudi
try cpt dim bao vfi ddi song kinh tl vi giii
viing cic moi quan hfi trong cpng dong hay vdi
cic doi tie lira in
Ngudi phy nii d dudi tfiuyin khdng cM
dfim duong nhiing edng vific nhu ehp biia,
com nude, eon efii mi bp cdn cilng ngudi
chong tfli ludi, budng cau, dilu kMin
tfiuyen,,, nfin tfidi gian lao dpng cda bp cdn
nhilu ban din dng ft nhit tii 3-4 tilng N I U
ngudi din dng chi lao dpng ttong didi gian tii
5-6 tilng/ngiy khi dinh ci, tfil ngudi phu nii
sau kM giup chdng dinh e i bp cdn bin sin
phim kbai tfiic va lim cic edng vific gia dinh
Trfi eon kM bilt bd, cha mp chiing tfiudng
bupe dfiy vio chfin phdng chiing nga xuong
nude Tir luc sinh ra da Ifinh dfinh tifin sdng
nude nfin chiing tfu'ch ngM vdi vific niy rit
nhanh T-ir 4-5 mli da dupc bpc bai, 7-8 mli
dfi cd tfil giiip cha m? lim cdng vific gia dinh
nhu gd ludi, nau com Nhm ehung, ttong gia
dinh dfin e l ^ cM mdi gifio dye cho con eii
nghl di Min dinh ci sdng, kinh ngMfim
sdng cdn chua quan tfim din giio dye vfin
hda xa hpi, cing it quan tfim dfin cham sdc siic
khoe, dfic Met l i phy nii vi trfi em Bdi ft Mfiu bifit nfin ddi ngheo ludn deo bim hp nbu nli
lo thudng trye
Vdi nghfi chii ludi, myfit dai da so cac gia dinh l i gia dinh hat nhfin Mdi tfi bio xfi hpi
dd phai cd ft nhat rapt eon thuyin viia Ii nhi d vira la cdng cy san xufit ddng thdi cung li phuang tifn di lai, Trudng bpp gia dinh gom 3 thfi bf, cd ngudi gii yfiu tM phfii sfim tfifim mpt con thuyfin niia N I U thuyin niy khdng dli to dfi lim thuyfin d tM nd dupc dilng dl di dinh cfi hang ngiy, edn thuyin to tM lim cho
d cho ngudi gii vi tre eon KM con eii lay vp
tM phai sfim thuyfin va cho d rifing lufin, Nhiing nhi cd "cua fin cila d l " tM sfim thuyin eho con ttai ngay kM vira din tuoi tiudng thinh Tmdng hpp bd mp qui nghfio chua sim
ndi thuyin, cap vp cbdng mdi bu|c phii a
chung vi buong Iii li khu vyc rifing eua hp, tiir khi e i gia dinh dung nai niy lim eho in com Cd tiudng hpp sau khi cudi mpt tfidi gian ngin, cfip vp chong my van d chung nhimg dupc b l rap b l tii eho an rifing, ty lo kinh t l dl sira thuyin
Tuy nhien, nhiing trudng hpp con U'ai sau
kM cudi van phii tilp tyc song cftng bl m? li khdng nhieu Do difn u'ch ciia moi eon tiiuyln rat hpp nfin bo rap phfii ging lo bing dupc con thuyen eho con kM sip siia iiy vp vi t?o diln kifn de ddi vp chong tte cd cupc sing ty ifip Ngudi con trai lfiy vp sau cilng tfiudng dupc
hudng tiiuyln cua bd mp Sau khi hoin tk
tiich nMfim cua minh vdi con cfii, nlu edn sue
lao dpng tM bo mp van muln sing rifing, ty minh kilm song m i khdng muln nhd vi con eii KM vl gii khdng thi lao dpng dupc niia,
bo mp se d vdi con ca hofic cMa ra moi ngudi song vdi mpt ngudi con So vdi cu dfin ndng nghifip, kM bo m? qua ddi, ngoii nhi ciiffl thudng cd m | n g dit d l l^i cho con eii Trong khi dd, dan chii ludi ehi lo cho moi con dupc rapt con thuyin hojc cic cdng cy dinh ci, ngoii ra it kM cdn tfiir tii san gii tti nio khic
i
Trang 419
Nfiu ed tfli phin nMfiu con tnidng hofic con ut
dupc budng COT thii cM dupc ttong ttudng
hop cha mp dang sdng vdi ngudi dd KM cha
mp chit, dii ttudc dd song vdi con nio tfii con
ttudng vin phai cMu ttfich nMfim phin Idn cM
pM' cho tang lfi, phin c«i lai se do nhimg
ngudi con tfui tinh tofin vdi nhau Nlu bo me
chfit mi em chua cd vo cd ehdng tfil ngudi
anh ea [Aai diing ra lo lieu eho cfie em tfiinh
gia tfiit
NMn Chung, vific phan djnh vai ttd eiia
timg tfiinh vifin ttong gia dinh ling chii d
viing biln vi ttfin sdng dupc tfil Mfin kbi rd
Ifing ddi vdi cfi lao dpng va ttfich nMfim gia
dtah, Sy cMa sfi ginh nfing cdng vifc da Iim
khfing kM't ban mdi quan hf giiia cfic tfiinh
^ 1 ttong gia dhtfi, dong tfidi m dd tao nen
nhihig gii ni vfin hda dpc dio cua epng dong
eu dan niy
3 Tinh c6 kit trong gia dinh, dong \uf &
cv dan ling chii
Difim chung ttong gia dmh ciia ngu dfin
chii ludi d ling ehii Cua Van, vjnh Ha Long
vi ling chii sdng Ld dupc tfil Mfin d ehd, dfiy
li nhiing don vj kinh tfi tu chii la khung td
chiic sin xuit gom hai tfil bfi Do lim nghl
dinh efi nfin eie tfiinh vien tii 7-8 mdi ud lfin
da ttd tfiinh mpt lao dpng tfiyc tfiy KM di
dfinh bit ngudi chdng lim nMfim vy chfio lii,
vp hofic con chfio ding miii KM dfinh ludi tfii
ngudi vp cim lfii cdn ngudi cbdng tfia ludi vi
cM d ^ ngudi vp lii tfiuyin tfieo CMIU ludi
dinh, con cii phy giiip bo tfia ludi hofic kfio
ludi bit cfi, eiing ed tfil giup rap chfio tfiuyin
Thu c i xong, nlu khdng cd tfiuyin budn din
mua t^i cho tfil ci hai vp chong hoac vp eimg
ngudi eon ea lfin bd bin ci Ddi vdi dfin chii
sdng L6, dfic bift d cho li mac du khie nhau ft
nMfiu ve ngudn goc dfin eu, tfiinh phin tdn
gifio nhung ttai qua qua ttinh chung sdng mong
doi lfiu dii vdi nhau, hp da bpp tfiinh mdt khdi
cpng dong ngu dfin Hp hpp lye ttfin tinh fliin
doin kit, mong tty dl niln kbai cic loai Mnh
boat ddng kmh tl tai dia phuong, nhit la tiln banh danh bit ca s&ig ttfin co sd kl tfiiia vi each tfin cac loai ngu cu phuong tifin vi ky tfiufit dinh bit tmyln tfidng vdn cd tu tmde cua mdi nhdm
O ling chii, do tinh chit eo kit epng ddng
rit cao die Met d cfic ling chii ven biln nfin vific binh thanh mang ludi bo tro nhau ttong mdi ddng hp Ii dilu rfit quan trpng Do mdi trudng sdng cM phdi epng thfim nhiing rui ro nghl ngMfip cila cu dfin ven biln nMfiu bon
so vdi cu dan ling chii ven sdng nfin ti'nh ed kfit ddng bp d ling chii ven biln thi Mfn rd net hon
Qua khfio sfit tdng thi chiing tdi thiy ring, nfit khfic bifit cua ddng bp d eu dan v^n chii Ii khdng cd mpng hp hay mpng huong hoi eho nen khdng cd quy bp tfiudng tive giong nhu d
cu dfin ndng ngMfip Quy niy cM Mnh tfiinh
vio dip gio td sau kM cfi bp da bin b?c nhit tii
nfin lim gio to bay nhd dl cin cir vio dd mi
bd phin phii ddng gdp cho timg gia fflnh Xong vific nlu cdn tfiiia tifin tfil ngudi ta eiing cMa ttfi vfi cho cfie gia fflnb Mac du Mfin nay ddng hp khdng edn li don vj dl td chiic sin xufit nhung timg gia dmh ttong cilng mpt ddng bp tfiudng di lim in vdi nhau ttong nhimg khu vyc nhit djnh Dilu dd li cin tfiilt bdi nghl di biln tfiudng cd nMlu nii ro bit
ttic nfin cfic gia (Enh cin phai Ufin kit di giup
dd nhau kM khd khfin, hoan nan Tuy nMfin, tfnh tu cip, ty tiie, m lo, ty chu eiia hp rit cao Tinh tfiin cpng dong huylt tfidng, J tfnic vl
"mpt gipt mfiu dio, hon ao nude la" the Mfn rat ro net d cu dan chii ludi NMn chung, d biu hit eie vung biln, noi cd tfil do tfiuyin an toan vi kfn dio, tfiudng tfip ttung cie chd tfiuyen, cfic gia ffinh ed quan bf cha eon, anh era, hp hing vdi nhau KM ehua din gid di lira, cic cym gia dmh ed quan bf huylt tfiing niy cilng nhau neo tfiuyin ttong rapt khu vyc dfi ngM ngoi in udng vi bin kl bo?cb lim in
KM di lira, tit efi cac gia ifinh dd diu din m§t
Trang 520 4 (20) - a n S : WGriiEW ci/U vAii H Q J t ^ {^
khu vye nhat djnh dfi cimg nhau dinh ci Do
dfic difim niy nfin mdi ddng bp dfiu cd mpt
milu thd dng td vi thd thfin bifin dfit ttfin nui,
gin noi eu ttu Vio ngay gio td hoac cie djp
lfi miia, cfi hp phii siia le dfi cfiu khfin t ^ mifiu
niy Nhiing ngudi thude cic ddng hp khic
ciing ed the dfin dfiy Ie nhd DSy cd thfi coi l i
nhi thd hp gidng nbu nhi thd hp cda cu dan
ndng ngMfip trfin dfit Ufin KM nio ca hp
ehuyfin din nai khic dfi sinh sing tM bit
huang ttong raifiu thd dupc dera theo d l Ifip
mpt mifiu mdi
So vdi dfin ehii sdng Ld vi eu dan ndng
ngMfip tbi din chii ven biln cdn cd rapt nfit
khfic bifit, dd Ii ttong rapt vii hp d ling
chii thudng cd nhirng ngudi ehuyfin vl
nghe cung tfi, thdng th?o vl tu vi, dja IJ, cd
tbi lira le lfin dfing gpi l i dng thiy, Trong
chiec thuyfin eua ngudi dd ludn cd mpt
difin thd Nhfin vfit niy cd vai ttd ldn trong
ddi song tfim linh eua epng ddng dfin ehii,
Trong gia dinh, moi khi ed rapt diia trfi ra
ddi, ed con dSu, con rfi mdi hay khi gfip
ehuyfin nii ro, Im dau hofic sira dupc
tfiuyin mdi, ludi mdi, diu phfii mdi din
thiy eung, Ngudi ta ciing nhd dng ehi
hudng di lira in vio djp diu nfim, diu raha
hofic diu thing cho mpt gia dinh nio dd,
thfim chf cho c i mpt ddng hp sau khi da
hinh le,
Bfin c?nh nhiing dilm khic bifit dpe dio
trfin, cu dfin van chii ndi chung vin mang
nhiing nfit ehung cua ddng bp ngudi Vifit
Hifn nay, ttong cpng dong khdng edn ton tai
rapt gia dlnb ldn, rapt don vj sfin xuit vi sd
buu niia, mi li nhihig gia dinh b?t nhan vdi
hep in rifing, sd him rifing Mat khie, cupc
sing Ifinh dfinh nay dfiy mai dd ttfin mfit nude
eing ddi hdi tfnh ty chu, ty cip, tv Mc cila
tung gia dMh, Dilu dd ciing gdp phin lim
ting J tiiire sd hihi gia dinh rifing, Cdn ddng
hp, tfiyc chit li mpt cM tfifin tfiupe ttong
vdng nfim tfil hfi, ehi cd tfil xem nhu mpt
d ^ g dfic bift cila gia (finh md rpng m i tic dung cWnh ddi vdi cfic thinh vifin li sy mong tt? lue khd khan, cdn tM ciing ebi li dfi cung e l tinh cam giiia nhung con ngudi cd chung huySt thong fiy
N I U nhu trong npi ddng, ndng din qufin ty vdi nhau thinh cfie xdm ngd tao ra cic quan
he vl dja vyc hay quan hf Ifing gilng vdi nhau
tM eu dfin v^n chai lai ty thinh cic chdm trong cie vyng Ngoii ra, do ti'nh chit eu ttiS theo ddng hp bdi dfic trung nghfi cfi trfin bien
mi d moi chdm thudng gdm nhimg cym gia dinh cd quan hf anh em, hp hing vdi nhau
Trfin thye tl, dilu dd thfi Mfn rit ro quan hf huyfit thdng ttong eu tni Tuy nMfin, trong tiudng hpp niy, quan hf ling gieng md nhjit hom Ngupc l^i, d cu dfin thuan ndng, quan hf Ifing gilng l?ii tfil Mfn dfim nfit bon Mfit khic, khdng gian cu tiu ciia mdi gia dinh v?n chii, noi hp neo dfiu thuyin, ebi thupc quyin cMSm dyng tsim flidi: hdm nay l i gia ifinh niy nhung mai cd thi l^i thupc mpt gia dinh khic nlu h(i
bd di neo thuyen d rapt noi khic Trong khi
dd, ttong npi dong, khdng gian sinh sing cua moi gia dinh nong dan bao gdm nhi, sfin vudn vdi ranh gidi xfic djnh tfiupc quyin sd hiiu rifing vi cd ti'nh chit tiuyin ddi Do vfiy, nlu nhu ttong npi dong kM hai gia (finh song gan nhau xfiy ra nhiing xich mfch, bit dong tfil cich xu til khdn ngoan ban ca l i chju dyng,
nhudng nhjn vi din xlp hda gifii, \di dan "
chfii, ngupc Isii, vin d l se dupc giii quylt tfijt don gian, CM ttong gifiy lit, rapt trong hai gia dinh hoic c i hai ed tbi de ding chia tay nhau bing eich ddi thuyin di nai khic, vi nlu mudn, cd thi cfi ddi hp se ching bao gid gip lai nhau niia
Du moi chdm dfin ehii, mdi quan bf giiia cic gia dinh l i huylt thong bay ling gilng tfii ttfin thye tl hp l?i nuong tya vio nhau rit chfit ehe Cd the thiy dilu niy rit rd qua vifc dl thuyin de nghi ngoi, sinh ho?t sau moi lin di dfinh cfi ve Thdng thudng, cic nhdm gia dinh
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tu bc^ bfin nhan, cd mpt CMIC tfauyin tfia neo,
cdn cfic tfiuyin khfic cM ein budc day vdi
cMfic tfiuyfin dd hofic bupc dfiy ehuyin nhau
Vifc neo bupc nbu vfiy viia dl giii tfiuyin
dung yfin rapt cho, ttinh ttdi dat, ttanh gid bfio
viia tfiufin tifin cho vific qua lai giiia gia finh
nfiy v i gia dmh khfic Ngoii la, each neo
tiiuyfin nhu vfiy cdn bao dara an ninh kM cd
ttpm cudp Trong ttudng hpp mdt gia fflnh tii
noi khic din ehua quen vdi nhimg ngudi dan
* do, anh ta i*ai neo tiiuyln d rieng mpt chd
cho dfin kM lim quen va hoi nhap vdi cu dan
lfiu ddi t^ dia vuc Khic vdi xdm ngd cua cu
dfin ndng ngMfip, cfic chdm cu dan van chii
khdng cd cic cdng trinh edng cpng nhu ffinh,
dra^ ch&a, milu tfid tfid cdng, gilng nude
^ H v f i mfit xa hpi, tiing chdm dd khdng dupc
Ti dan vj dl td chiic bio vf an mnh So vdi
dfin van ehii miln Tiung, miln Nam ti'nh chit
quin eu eua cfic van chii d dd van mang yln
td gin gidng ling ndng ngMfip dinh cu ttfin
dat Ufin chi khfic nghl nghifp cua hp li dfinh
cfi cho nfin vl co bfin nd hoin toin khfic xa
vdi ti'nh chit tfiuy eu cua ling chii Cua Vpn
vi lang chii sdng Ld,
Xfit din tfnh c l kit chung ta khdng thi
khdng nhic tdi moi quan hf cpng cu ttong
cpng dong dan chii Dfic dilm tt^ng mdi
quan bf cpng cu eua eu dan d hai ling chii
niy l i eung quan hfi huylt tiling vi cilng
nghl nghifp Quan hf huylt tiidng tiil Mfin
ttong cu tni tai cic tfidn rit dfim nfit quan
hfi Ifing gilng tfil nhpt hon; ttong kbi dd vdi
cfic ling ndng ngMfip ttfin dit liln tM quan
hf ling gilng lai nli ttpi ban quan bfi huylt
tfiong Ngudi ttong hp cd nai dfiu tiiuyln
nhit djnh Nlu khdng cilng gia tpc mi
muln gfip nhau tW hp phai hpn ttudc dia
diem m hpp Tuy nMfin, do tap trung hi
nhilu noi khic din, khdng cUng bp hing
qufi huang nfin quan hf ling gilng cua ngu
dfin thuy cu khdng hoin toin giong vdi
ngudi ufin bd Ddi vdi dfin ttfin bd ngdi
nhi li vfit bao dam mang u'nh dn dinh cao
nfin bp cd the thudng xuyfin ttdng cfiy vao
su giup dd cua lang gifing Song, ddi vdi gia dinh ngu dan, do tfnh chit cu tni, sfin xufit phu tfiupc vao tiiifin nhifin, sdng nude,
bifin ca nen vific giup da nhau giiia cfic gia dinh v l vfit chit la khd khan, hp cin su quan tfim ve mat tinh thfin mong ttp kinh
tfi Ii rfit han chfi bp chi mong chd vio anh
em hp hing vi vfiy, quan he gia tdc ngiy eing thfit chit b<ra
Mac du cd cung quan hf huylt tfiong bay quan be kinh tl nhu cung ngu eu dfinh bit vi ddi mpng dinh bit nhung ngu dfin thudng khdng td chiic dinh bfit ding nhau Mdi gia dinh tfiudng cd ddi sdng kinh tl v i pham vi danh bit rieng Dan chii hoin toin tu do ngoii biln khoi ed kM hp theo din cfi ra xa vupt kbdi ngu tnidng quen thupc Nlu mpt khu vyc da cd ngudi dinh bit cfi loi tfil tfiuyin den sau se tim khu vue kbfc
Dfi dfinh bit cd Mfn qufi ddi hdi ngu dfin phai cd kinh ngMfim tim v i dinh bit cfi Vi vfiy, moi ngudi cd bf kfp nghl ngMfip rifing Neu pbfit Mfin noi nao ed nMlu cfi thi hp khdng dl gi tilt Ip KM dupc hdi hdm nay dfinh bit dupc bao nMfiu tiii ft ai ndi tfiat mi
cW ndi mpt nua bay mpt phin ba san lupng
tfiu dupc khdng pbai vi kMfim tdn mi bp
mudn giii dpc quyin khu vuc dfinh bit Tuy tfnh dpc Ifip ttong kinh tl ciia moi gia dinh rfit cao nhung bj tfiay ddi tfieo mdi ttudng dinh bit Nlu danh bit gin bd Uii unh rifing lfi cao ban nhung nlu xa khoi tfii bp lai cfin
dfin su tiiong ag eua nhau Khoang cfich cic
tfiuyfin dfinh bit khdng qufi xa tfiudng rii nhau cimg di vfi ctag vl phdng ttudng bpp bat ttac Mfic dil moi gia dmh dfiu cd ddi sdng kinh tfi rifing nhung do dilu kifin Ifinh dfinh ttfin Wfin nen hp ludn ttdng chd vio quan bfi mong ttp lln nhau,
Ngudi dan chai d ttfin Mfin tt«n sdng nMeu hon Ii tfldi gian hp lfin dit li&, cM cd ngudi phy nii tfaiong xuyfin lfin bd Trade kia
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lioaiMBif c o o t N N HO,
4(20)-Z015:KGHIEN Cl/U VAN HOA m
kM sfin phfim d i n h b i t chua cd thuyfin trung
gian dfin mua tM n g i y nao hp ciing phfii lfin
e h p b i n c i Nfiu dfinh cfi dem tM di e h p sfing,
d i n h c i ngay tM (fi c h p cMfiu Hifin nay, c i
dfinh b i t dupe chu yfiu co cfic thuyfin budn
dfin thu mua tfin noi CM kM nao g i i b i n rfi bp
mdi mang Ifin e h p b i n , song thdi gian ngdi
e h p kfadng nMfiu Mdi lan ngdi chp n b u vfiy
bp phfii cd gfing b i n thfit nhanh vl hp edn phai
dfim nhfin vifc mua bfin luong thyc, thyc
p h i m N I U mua thye p h i m , nude ngpt, c h i t
dot tM ed ngudi mang dfin tan noi cung c i p ,
Gifi d dfiy cao hon mpt cbiit so vdi c i c c h p d
ttfin bd nhung hp khdng p h i i m i t thdi gian v i
neu cd Ifin chp tM p h i i rait thfim vii n g i n tiln
dd VI vfiy, d i n dan hp ehi lfin b d s i m q u i n
io, ngu ey, tfiim ngudi quen trfin phudng xa
Trong quan hf vdi ngudi ttfin d i t liln, bp
tfiudng xuyfin di lai vdi c i c gia dlnb d ven bd,
ttfin CO sd dd hp cd thfi nhd va nhiing Mc nhu
I m d a u , x i n m n i c
Song nhin chung, d o cupc s i n g Ifinh
dfinh, khdng d u p e hpe h i n h m i s y giao t i l p
x i hpi, k i l n thdc ciia hp v l n M l u mfit r i t
han c h i Xua kia, quan nifm cila e u dan ttfin
bd vdi c u dfin v(m e h i i la nbihig ngudi s i n g
vd gia cu, c h i t khdng dja t i n g Chfnh vl
mfic cam dd v i sy xa l i n h eoi t h u d n g cua c u
dfin ttfin bd d i d i n l i m moi quan hfi n i y
c i c h xa nhau Vi vfiy, vific k i t hdn vdi
ngudi ttfin b d r i t h i l m Nhin c h u n g t i m IJ
ngudi dfin ttfin b d ua tfnh I n djnh, h p m u d n
con cfii d u p c sung s u d n g khi i i y v p c h o n g ,
ttong khi dd ngudi dfin vpn c h i i qufi nghfio
Ngay e i nhimg cd g i i c h i p nhfin i i y c h i n g
l i dfin vpn e h i i eung l i mpt khd k h i n vi h p
cd tflfi nMn t h i y ttudc rait rapt cupc song
Ifinh dfinh, nghfio kho, sinh boat ttong k h d n g
gian chfit hpp Chfnh tii nhihig d i l u dd rai
e u dfin vpn e h i i ngpi lfin bd, bp ebi len kM
can tfiifit v i lai u d v l vdi radi ttudng sdng
cua minh Difiu n i y l i m hp ttd nfin xa Ifinh
dat hen v i ttfin tfiuyin l i noi c u ttd t h u d n g
xuyen an t o i n nhat vdi b p
Hifin nay, ngudi dfin d l i n g c h i i C u a Vpa
v i n duy tri d u p c nhiing mdi quan hfi ttuy^
t h i n g ttong gia dinh, ddng hp v i cfic hopt dOng kinh tfi tiung kM ti'nb cd k i t cua cfic gia dinh
l i n g e h i i sdng Ld dang ed xu binJmg rdi rpc Sd
d i cd difiu n i y l i do, l i n g c h i i CSa Vpn nim ngoai bifin, noi cd ngudn t i i nguyfin tfniy hii
s i n phong phu v i vd tfin M i y nam g i n dfiy khi
q u i n tfil Vjnh Ha L o n g d u p c U N E S C O edng nhan la Di san tMfin nMfin t b i giiM v i ling chii
Cita Vpn ciing n i m trong quy bopcb cua quin tfil n i y till dan c h i i c i n g ed d i l u kifn dk dim
bao cupc song v i giir gin nhiing nfit vin hda ttuyin tfiong ciia minh, dpc bift l i cic mli quan hf ttxing gia dinh, ddng bp Trong khi ngudn lpi tiiiiy s i n d l i n g e h i i sdng Ld ngiy
c i n g khan M l m , vifc d i n h bfit ttdf nfin kh6 khfin bu0c d i n c h i i phai len b d tim k l sinh nhai k h i e Cdng cuOc m u u sinh Oxing b l i canh
xa hpi dang chuyin minh bpi nhfip tpo ra hai ddng xu till cho c i c tfiinh vifin ttong gia dinh _ dfin c h i i : mOt l i , c i c cfi nhan ed ttinh dp hpc van eao cd till chii dpng tim cho minh m|t edng vific phd h p p v i dem lpi tfiu nhpp; hai Ii, nhimg tfiinh p h i n khdng d u p c tilp cpn vdi
g i i o dye ehuyfin mon, cM quanh n i m gin bi
vdi con tfiuyen, t i m ludi tfii sfi khd khin hon tttmg vifc tpo nguon tfiu nhfip, hp ciing lfin bd nhung chi tim d u p c nhimg cdng vifc chfin tay, boc v i e , tfifim cM mpt so cdn m i c v i o nhihig van npn xa hpi Xu till n i y mang lpi hf qui:
c i c tfiinh vifin ttong gia dhih khdng edn cd mli Ufin hf chat che vdi nhau n h u tiudc do cfic hopt dpng n g h l ngMfp cM phdi N l u tiudc dfiy, cic
c i nhan cilng nhau l i m fin, phfin cdng lao dpng
v i gidp d a nhau v l mpi mfit bdi hp g i n bd vdi nhau ttfin con tfiuyin ttong cfi sinh hopt v i ngu ttudng dfinh b i t tfii nay moi ngudi cd mpt cdng vific rifing d cfic khdng gian khfic nhau nfin tfnh cfim c l k i t ttong c$ng dong khdng edn bieu Mfn ro nfit v i khdng raang tiiib tuong ttv nMlu
n h u tiudc Mfic d i , Mfin nay ttong c i c djp le hpi, sinh hopt v i n hda tinh tfiin, cfic gia dinh
A)
cich song sing nem chic giiia I
m
tag I vfl hli nen nhi tjvin teg dil
i i m a mihg, lim bai vol nhi Hsii
filron
ikk
baodui cho Ihi Ngi
Thii 9aniin(
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Cirav
Ke
Trang 8• 111, wjNiwg rpgi.,
2 3
vfin giup dd lan nhau song chu ylu mang tfnh
ehit phfin bd ttach nMfm
4 Kit lufin
Trong cupc sdng, eon ngudi ludn phai ddi
mat vdi nhiing nil ro, bit ttfic m mdi tnrdng
tfiien nhifin vi mdi ttudng xfi hdi Cd nMlu
cfich dfi eon ngudi vupt qua nhiing ttd ngai,
song each lim bin vUng vi dl dim bao cupc
sdng nhit dd la tirong up lln nhau Dilu dd tao
nen mang ludi cd kit epng ddng vd cilng vimg
chic giiia cfie tfiinh vifin ttong gia dmh bay
giiia cfie gia finh, ttong hp ttfin phuang difn
kinh tfi hay ddng gi^, san sfi siic lye Tir lfiu,
cu dfin ling chii Cda Van vi ling chii sdng Ld
dahmhtbinh nfin mang ludi quan hf cua bp
H | H H vdi cic hp gia dmh khic eimg ddng
tpc,- giUa efie thinh vifin ttong hp vdi nhau
Trong tfiyc tfi, moi quan bfi mong tig niy dupc
vfin binh nhu mpt hf tfiong ho up xfi hpi vi tpo
nfin nhimg cung cfich iing xii ciing nhu cie gifi
Qi vin bda khfic bifit vdi cu dfin ndng ngMfp
tren dit Uln Tuy nMfin, tiraig boi cfinh xa hdi
Mfn nay, dudi tfie dpng cua nln kinh tl tfii
ttudng, sinh kl ttuyen tfiong khdng edn dupe
dfim bao, ngudi dfin chii sdng Ld phfii doi mfit
vdi nhimg noi lo "com fio", tfnh ty chd trong
muu smh dupc dfi eao, vi vfiy cic mli quan bfi
ho ttp trong gia dinh, ddng bp d ling chii niy
di trd nfin pbai nhpt khdng edn giii dupc vai ttd
nhu d eu dan ling chii Cua Vpn - noi vfin dam
bio dupc nguon sinh kl ttuyfin tfiong Dilu dd
eho tfiiy, ylu to sinh kl gin v&i mdi ttudng
song giii vai trd quan ttong ttong cpng ddng dfin chii vi chinh nd cM phdi manh din tfnh chfit gin kit giiia cfic gia fflnh ddng bp d bp phan cu dan niy 7
N.T.T
1 Vn Tuin Huy (19%), Nhiing khia cgnh oia
su bien ddi gia dinK nhirng nghien cuu vi gia dinh Vift Nam Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hpi Hi Npi; Trjnh
Duy Luan Helly RydsUom Will Burghoorm
(2008), Gia dinh ndng didn Vift Nam trong chuyin ddi Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hpi
Tai Sfn tham khao
1 Nguyen ESnh Tan vi Le Tifiu La (ding chii
bien) (1999), Vai trd nam chu hg ngu ddn ven biin trong budc chuyin ddi sang nin hnh ti thi trudng
d Vift Nam hifn nay Nxb Chinh ttj Quoc gia Hi
Npi
2 Hoing Bi Thjnh (2006), Cu ddn vgn dd tiim ndng vd thdeh thiic Trung tim nghifin ciiu
gidi, gia dinh vi moi mrong ttong phit triln (CGFED), Nxb Dai hpc Quoc gia Hi Npi,
3 Tran Thj Kim Xuyfin (2002), Gia dinh vd nhimg van di cua gia dmh hifn dgi Nxb Thong
kfi, diinh pho H6 Chf Minh
4 Dpng Nghiem Vpn (1991), Ddng hg gia dinh cdc ddn lgc It ngudi trudc suphdt triin hifn nay Tpp chf Ddn lgc hgc so 2
5 Vifin Gia dinh vk giiSi, Ky yfiu Hpi tfiao khoa hpc Gia dmh Vift Nam trong bdi cdnh cdng nghifp hda vd hgi nhgp Hi Npi, 26-03-2012, NguySn Th| W m : Family relation In fishing villages (case studies of O a V^n fishing village Quing Nmh province and Song Ld fishing village Tuyen Quang proving)
This paper explains ctose relationsip between family members and relatives in fishina villaoes in
T T " ' J ! : T ° ' " ^ ' " " ' ^ ' ' ' ' ' ' " ' ' " " ^ two cases of fishing viHages in Ld river Tuyfin QuanJ
"^^ ' t ^ r r ' " ' " " ' " ^ ^ "'"• " ^ L o ^ <=«y Q ^ " S Ninh province), «reveated that a mutual
support b e ^ ^ ^ h r memben^ and relatives in Tuydn Quang fishing village is no as clear as one in Cua Van fishing vflage Changes in traditional occupation is an important factor of this difference
Key wonts: Family, relatives, fishing village, connection