Nhiing left qui dpt dugc tiong tpo l$p nfi thoi ky diy manh cong nglupp hfia, tudn kbung tbt chd, cliinh sich vd binh ding dpi hfia dit nufic", ttong dfi ndu rfi: die bipt gifli tiong c
Trang 1KHUNG THE CHE, CHINH SACH VE BINH DANG GICll
TRONG CONG VU 6 VIET NAM HIEN NAY
• • •
HOANG MAI*
Tiongbo^tdgngcdngvu, binb dingpdi dugc tbdhign dpbuongdi$n nam vinOed cung
vi didx3 bgi, ddu cdeob0i,n^uavu,qity&ilgi ngangnbau trong (pii trinb tbuc tbi cdng
Vflbeonbangnguygntienbitt^nlLMieddcbdngtadid^tdugcnbilngtbinbcdngiihit
^nb trong vigct^o lip khung thd cb^ cbinb sicb vg binb tiinggidi song vin edn nbdng
kboingtrffng trong quy dfnbvi tbuc tlii dc quy dinh vg binb ding ^di trong cdng vgd
VigtNam
Gender equality in tbeptactiee ofthe dvU service is understood as the etpiallty between
men and women in holding positions, tuxessing to opportunities and benedts as well as
assuming obli^tions in periotming the public duty based on tbe deBned rules Though
an institutional framework and policies for gender equality are made, there have been
lindtations In the regulations and implementation ofthe regulations on gender equality
In tbe dvil service
1 Nhiing left qui dpt dugc tiong tpo l$p nfi thoi ky diy manh cong nglupp hfia, tudn
kbung tbt chd, cliinh sich vd binh ding dpi hfia dit nufic", ttong dfi ndu rfi: die bipt
gifli tiong cflng vp quan tam den nfii dung thue bidn nguydn
Ding vi Nbi nuoc ta d i lufin quan tim t*c binh ding giaa nam vi nu vd dfi tufii
vi timg bufic tao lap khung thd chd, ctunh B-ong quy hoach, dio tao, dd bat, bfi ntiidm,
sicb cin ttudt eho vide bio dim mue tidu dghi huu
binh ding gifii (BDG) ttong boat dfing cfing Nam 2006 Nha nuoc da ban hanh Luat
vu Didu nay dupe thd bidn ttong cic van BDG nhim dat mue tidu xfia bfi su pbin
kipn cua Ding vi pbip luit eiia Nhi nufic, bidt doi xu ve gifii Luit BDG da quy dinh rfi
nhu Nghi quydt sfi U-NQ/TW eua Bp nfii dung BDG ttong Unh vuc cblnh tri:
Chmh 01 ngiy 27/4/2007 vd cflng tie php nam, nfi bulb ding ttong tiiam gia quin ty
no tiifli ky diy mpnh cfing nghidp hfia, bidn nhi nufie, tbam gia boat dfing xi bfii; nam,
dpi hfia dit nuflc Ngiy 18/01/2013, Ban Bi t t i bmh ding ttong tham gia xiy dung vi
fliu efl vin bin sfi 55-KL/TW tidp die day '^vc hidn hutmg uoe, quy ufic cua cpng
manh tiiuc hipn Nghj quydt sfi U-NQ/TW
eua Bp Chinh tti khfia X "Vd efing tic phu * TS, Hpe vien Hanh chinh CJuoc gia
Ti!tPCH(QUANLtNHANU0C-S6252(1/2017) Q
Trang 2dfing hoic quy dinh, quy ehe cila co quan,
tfi chiic; nam, nfi binh ding ttong vide tu
ung eu vi dupe gifli ttudu iing eii dai bidu
Qufic hpi, dpi bidu Hpi dong nhan din
(HDND); nr ung cit vi dupe gifii thidu ung
eu vio CO quan lanh dpo eila tfi ehiic chinh
tri, tfi chiic ctiinh tri - xi hpi, tfi ehue ctiinh
tri xi bfii - nghd nghidp to ehue xi hfii, tfi
ehue xa hpi - nghd nghidp; nam, nu bittii
ding vd tidu ehuin chuyen mfln, dfi mfii
khi dupe dd bat, bo ntudm vio cimg vi tri
quin ty, linh dao cua co quan, to chuc
Luat eung xic dinh cie bidn phip tbuc diy
BDG ttong linh vuc chinh tti, bao gfim: bio
dim ty Id ttu'eh ding nfi dai bidu Qufic bfii,
dpi bidu HDND phil hpp vfli mpe tidu qufic
gia vd BDG; bio dim ty Id nu thich ding
trong bo nhiem cie chuc danh trong co
quan nbi nufie phii hop voi mue tidu quoc
gia vd BDG
Theo quy dinh eiia Thflng tu sfi
17/2014/TT-BTP ngiy 13/8/2014, coquan
dd xuit xiy dung vin bin, ea quan lip dd
nghi Chuong trinh xiy dpng vin ban, eo
quan chu tii sopn thio, cp quan thim dinh,
thim tta dp thio vin bin tbpc hidn vipe
xem xdt phan ti'eh dd pbit hipn ttong Unh
vpc, quan hp xa hpi m i vin bin se didu
cbinb cfi khi ning din ddn bit BDG, phin
bidt dfii xii vd gifii Dfing thfii, Thfing tu
ciing quy dinh, thue hidn tfing ghdp vin dd
BDG trong xiy dpng vin bin quy phpm
phip luat (VBQPPL), nhu: tfing ghep vin dd
BDG trong dd nghi xiy dpng VBQPPL,
ttong soan tiiio VBQPPL, ttong tiiim dinh
dp tiiio VBQPPL; tfing ghdp vin dd BDG
trong tiiam tra dp thio VBQPPL eua Vin
phong Chinh phil Ban thim tta dp thio
cila HDND dupe pbin cfing tfiim tta tbpc
hipn vipe diim tta dp diao vin bin Ngiy
22/6/2015, Qufic bfii da tiifing qua Luit
Ban hanh \'BQPPL (Luit cfi hidu lue kd tu
ngiy 01/7/2016) voi nhidu npi dung quy
dinh vd tfing ghdp vin dd BDG trong xiy dung VBQPPL, gfip phin khing dinh vi ning eao hon nOa vai ttfi, tam quan ttpng ciia vin dd BDG ttong xiy dung vi thpe tiii phip lupt
Cu the hfia nfii dung Luit BDG trong efing vu, Luit Cin bd, edngebucnim 2008,
quy dinh "thue ttidn binh ding gifii" li rapt nguyen tic trong quin ty cin bp, efing
chiie Luat niy d i cfi nhang quy dinh bio
dim sp binb ding trong co hfii gia nhjp ndn cflng vp, bmh ding ttong eo hfii vd dio tpo, bfii duong, thing tidn vi phit tridn chiic nghidp
Vd dp tufii tuydn dpng, tufii dp mydn cfing chiic dfii vfli ci nam vi nti tudn nay li nhu nhau, di dii 18 - 40 mfii Didu kipn, tieu ehuin ding ky dp tuydn cin bfi, cfing chiic (CBCC) do Nhi nufic ban hinh khfing cho pbdp phin bidt gifli tinh ttong mydn dung
Co quan nio quy djnb cbi nhpn hfi so nam bo?e ehi nhpn lifi so nfi, quy dinh tm tidn dfii vfii nam gifii (hoic uu tidn na gifii) li ttii vfii quy dinh ciia Nhi nufic
Vd CO bin, eic quy dinh vd quydn vi nghia vp eila efing cliuc nam vi cflng chiic
nu li nhu nhau trong hopt dfing cflng vp; eic quy dinh vd dinh gii, khen thuflng, ky lupt khflng phin bipt nam vi nfi; vide ip dung cic hinh thue ky luHt khi efing ehdc
na vi phpm ky luit vin Unh ddn giai do?n mang thai, nufli con nhfi; quy chd bii nhidm, bfi nhipm Ipi, luin chuydn, tu chiic, midn ttiiidm CBCC linh dpo, tufii bfi nhipm lin diu eho cie vj tti linh dpo tu cip traflng, pbfl phfing cip huydn vi tuong duong trfi Idn cho ca nam vi na ddu nhu nhau Khi tbpc hipn midn thi ngopi ngfl ttong cic ky thi hoic xdt ning ngpch cflng chuc, vidn chiie thi CBCC nu dupe giim 5 mfii so vfii nam gifii
Chinh sicb tidn luong vi cie chd dfi php
Trang 3cip cbi tta khfing phin bidt efing chuc nam
vi cflng ehue na Vd cflng tie quy hoach
cong cbac na lim vide ttong cic co quan
nhi nufic: php na dupe eic eip chinh quyen
tpo dieu kidn tiiam gia eic boat dpng xa bfii
vi phit buy tfit vai ttfl tiiam gia quin ly nhi
nuflc, pbin diu bio dim efl ty Id nu tiuch
ding ttong eic CO quan nhi nuflc cic eip
Ngiy 31/3/2016, Tbu difing Chinh phii
ban hinh Quydt dinh sfi 515/QD-TTg phd
duydt Dd i n thpe hidn bidn pbip bio dim
BDG doi voi nu ein bfi, cfing chuc, vidn
chuc (CBCCVC) giai doan 2016 - 2020 De
in di dua ra eae nhfim giii phip nhim
giim sp chdnh lech vd vi tri, vai trfi, didu
kipn, CO hpi pbit buy nang luc giaa nu
CBCCVC vfii nam CBCCVC trong quy
hopeh, tao nguon, dio tao, bfii duong, bfi
tri vi sii dpng tai co quan, to chile nhi
nufic Tu giii phip ve ning eao nbin tbuc,
ting eufing trich nhipm eiia ngufli diing
diu trong vide thpe bidn cic chii traong,
chinb sich eiia Ding vi Nhi nuflc vd BDG,
chinh sich vd quy hopeh, tao ngufin, bao
dim binb ding ttong bfi tri, su dung ddn
ning cao ning lue eiia dpi ngu nu CBCCVC,
ting cuflng cflng tic kidm tta trong vide
tiipe hidn cflng tie ein bp np va BDG
Khung tiid ehd, cbinb sicb vd BDG da
gflp pbin quan ttpng trong vide ning cao
vai ttfl, vi tri eua nu CBCC trong cic boat
dfing cflng vp fi Viet Nam Ty Id na trong
cic eo quan cflng quydn di ngay eing ting
Idn, CO hpi thing tidn, phit tridn ttdn eon
duflng ehiic nghiep eua na CBCC di rpng
mfi hon so vfli giai dopn truoc
2 MOt sfl h«n chS tnmg Uiung thd chC^
chbih sic^ v< BDG tnaig n&i cflng vp
Bdn canh nhung kdt qui dat dupe thi
khung thd ehd, chinh sicb vd BDG trong
efing vu o Viet Nam vin eon nhiing ban ehd
nhit dinh:
Thunhit, he tiifing VBQPPL quy dinh
vd gifli vi long ghdp gifli eung nhu eic vin ban Udn quan ddn xiy dung pbip luit vin cfln chung chung, chua efl eic Udu ehi cu thd dd xic dinh van dd gifli, Ifing ghdp gifli Nhin thue eila mpt sfi co quan ebil tti soan thio luit, phip Idnh vd Ifing ghdp BDG ttong qui tiinh xay dpng VBQPPL cfin ehua diy du, ehua xie dinh li mpt quy trinh bit buflc, npi dung bio eio dinh gii cfin hinh thae sa sii, diii den mpt sfi cliinh sich tfin chua dupe lim ro truflc vi ttong khi soan thio, chit lupng vin ban cfln ban chd, trong qui trinh tiiim dinh, thim tra mfli tidp thu, ctiinh ly Trong mpt sfi dp i n luit, chit tupng ciia vide ifing ghdp gifii chua eao Cfi dp in luit ehua xic dinh diy du vin
dd gifli ttong giai dopn nghidn ciiu, chuin
hi hfi so, ddn khi tham tta, thim etu ddn khi
Qufic hpi thio luin, cho y kidn rfii mfli tidp
thu, giii trinh, ctiinh ly, hoin thidn Ngufin tpe cho boat dfing dinh gii, ehuin bi bio cio tie dpng, xie dinh vin dd gifli cfin chua diy du: co quan soan thio ttudu chuydn gia gifli vd gifli, tiiidu ngufin lue vd tii ehlnh dd nghidn eiiu, ehuin bi bio eio
Thuhai, hidn nay khung thd ehd ehua
efl nhimg quy dinh eu thd vd ehd tii dfii vfii cic CO quan khfing tbuc hidn diy dii cie quy dinh vd BDG trong tuydn dpng, su dung CBCCVC Cie quy dinh vd BDG thuong mang tinh dinh huflng, khuydn khich nhidu ban li nhang ring buflc, nhang quy dinh bit bufic phai thpe hidn Chinh vi viy, a mfit sfi eo quan, thfing bio tuydn dung ndu eu thd uu tidn mydn dung nam hoic uu Udn na fi cic vi tri tuydn dung Didu niy din ddn vin dd gifii tro thinh lioeinttongvidegianhip cfing vu Sfi Udu tu bao eio nghidn eiiu vd "BDG ttong mydn dpng vi bfi nhidm efing chuc nu" do Bfi Nfii vu vi Chuong trinh phit
Trang 4tiien Lien ttidp qufic thue ttidn n i m 2013
cho thiy, ttong eic ea quan binh ctunh
nhi nufie tii eip huydn tfii cap tiimg uong
ty Id cfing chuc n a l i 31,1%, ttong dfi n a
lanh dao chidm khoing 18,4% Nhiing nim
gin diy, mac du sfi tupng cfing chiie nu efl
ting nhung vin etii etiiem ty id khiem tfin
so vfii cong chiie nam 6 khfii ea quan bfi
vi ngang bp chidm 23,9%; khfii cie coquan
thufie Chinh phu, tfing cue ehldm gin 25%;
Idifii eic CO quan chuydn mfin true thupe
iiy ban nhin din eip tinh l i 18,9%; khoi
cie eo quan chuydn mfin cap huydn ehi
ettidm 15,5% Didu dfl eho thiy, ludu qua
tbpc thi thd chd, cblnh sich vd BDG vin
ehua dip iing dupe mong dpi
Thu ba, quy dinh vd BDG trong Luat
CBCC mai dimg lai fi quy dinh mang tinh
dinh tinh Do viy, tpo ra sp nhin thue vi
eich hidu chua thfing nhit vd vin dd BDG
ttong qui trinh thue hifn xiy dung dpi ngii
cfing chuc, vin eon tittii ttang ty Ip vi co
eiu giaa nam vi na ehua dupe bio dim,
vide thfing kd cic ehi tidu Udn quan nam,
na ein bfi, cflng ehue thufing chua dupe
ehu y dung miie
Thu tu, vide tuydn ttuydn, ning eao
nhin thiic vd BDG, kidm tta, giim sit vide
tiiue hidn tiid chd, chmh sich vd BDG vin
ehua dip ilng ydu can Trong vipe dinh gii,
quy hoach, tao nguon, bo nliidm, dinh kien
gifli vin lufln tfin tai, chua dupe xfia bfl
Nhimg dinh kidn nhu nu gifii khong efi khi
ning linh dao, quin ty, nu gifli khfing efi
khi ning dua ra nhfing quydt dirtii kip thfli,
tinh dfic lip ttong qui ttmh ra quydt dinh
eiia nu gifli thip ehua thpe sp thay dfii
m i nguyen nhin li vide mydn tinydn, ning
eao nhpn thiic vd tiid chd, chmh sach BDG,
cfing tic kidm tta, giim sit vd BDG cfin
ehua dupe tiipc bien dfing bp vi bifu qui
Thd nim, cie quy dinh vd nfii dung
mang tinh bmh ding nhung khi thue hifn efi su khic bipt vd kdt qui giaa nam vi nO
Vi dp nhir Didu 20, Nghi djnh sfi 18/2010/ND-CP ngiy 05/3/2010 cua Chinh phii quy dinh 5 didu kidn dd cfing ehiic dupe
cu di dio tao trinh dp thpe sy, tidn sy gfim
"(1) Cfi thoi gian cfing tic tii dii 5 nim trd tdn; (2) Chuydn nginh dio tpo phii hpp vfli
vi tri vide lim; (3) IChfing qui 40 mfii tiiih til thoi didm dupe eu di dio tpo; (4) Cfi cam kft tidp tpe thpe ttipn ntudm vp, cflng vp sau khi hoin thinh chuong ttinh dio tao ttong tiifii gian It nhit gip 3 lin thfli gian dio tpo; (5) Cfl it nhit 3 n i m Udn tpe hoin tiiinh tfit nhidm vp" Diy l i eich tidp cpn dupe si dpng ttong mpt thfli gian dii fi nufie ta dufii hinh thue sii dpng cho cie chii thd "mpi ngufii", "ein bp, efing chuc, vidn ehiic",
"ngufli lao dfing" vi dupe mie nhidn ip dpng nhu nhau dfii vfli ci nam vi na
3 £>|nh hufing v i giii ptiip hoin thifn khung thd chd, cliinh s i d i vd BDG ttong cflng vp 6t\adt Nam thfii gian tfli
Thunhit, cin quy dinh rfl vd BDG ttong
ndn cflng vp Dfi li sp binh ding vd cp bfii, binh ding trong dinh gii, binh ding ttong dfing gfip v i binh ding thp huflng nhiing dflng gflp trong hopt dfing efing vp
Thuhai, nghidn eihi dfii mfii quy djnh
vd dfi tufii tham gia v i chim dat efing vp
cua cfing chiic nam vi na tren ea sfi cic d}c
didm vd thd chd, tim sinh ty, dfi tufii cua mfii gifii, cin cfi nhimg quy djnh cp tiid vd
dp tufii nghi ehd dfi theo eic vi tti vide tira, chuc danh nghd nghidp, bio dim phit huy diy dii vai trfi cua nam gifli vi nu gifli tirong cie hopt dfing efing vp
Thu ba, ting cuflng tidng nfli, ting
cuflng su tham gia ciia nu gifli trong vide tpo tpp tiid ehd, cbinb sicb vd cflng vp nhim bio dim BDG trong pbip lu$t thpe
o TAP CHf Q U A N Lt NHA NUOc - S6 252 (1/2017)
Trang 5dinh vi ttong qui ttinh tiipe hidn cblnh
sich, phip luat vd BDG
Thti tu, ning eao ehit lupng cua cie bio
cio dinh gii tie dfing, bio eio thim dinh
VBQPPL ttdn cie phuong didn vd BDG,
tfing ghdp gifii Vide nghidn cuu, dinh gii
tic dpng khi ban hinh pbip luit, cblnh
sicb ben canh cie nfii dung khic, ein efi
vide dinh gia tie dpng Udn quan ddn khia
canh gifii Cimg vfii didu niy, vide diim
dinh cic VBQPPL eung bd sung tiidm khia
epnh vd BDG ndu vin bin dp kidn sd tie
dfing ddn nam gifli vi na gifii Nhiing didu
niy nhim bio dim gifii la mfit ydu tfi dinjc
ein nhic khi ban hinh khung thd ehd,
chittii sich vd boat dfing efing vu Thue
hidn ngttidm tuc vipe kidm tta, tiianh tta,
giim sit ttong cic khiu eua quy ttinh xiy
dpng, soan thio thfing qua cie dp i n lupt,
phip Idnh dd bio dim tit c i cic dp luit,
phip Idnh phii dupe tfing ghdp vin dd
BDC5 Kidn quydt khfing tham dinh, thim
tta vi thfing qua cic dp i n lupt phip Idnh
khfing efi bio eio dinh gii hoic lim hinh
thue, so sii dfii vfii vin dd tfing ghdp BDG
Thutu, xiy dung vi tridn khai thpe tiidn
Bfi cfing eu dinh gii Ifing ghdp gifli ttong
VBQPPL Bp cflng cu niy dinh gii miie dp
quan tim ddn vin dd BDG, bio dim cie
quy dinh efi Unh ddn nhiing die didm xa
hfii eila nam gifli vi nu gifli, sp phit tridn vd
vi tri, vai ttfl cua nam gifli vi na gifii ttong
cie boat dpng efing vp
Thu nim, ning eao hieu qui Wydn
tiuydn, ning eao nhin tiiuc vd BDG, xfia bo
djiib kidn gifli dd tao nhin thiie dung cua
cin bfi, cflng chiic vi cila ei cpng dfing xi
bfii vd BDG trong cflng vu Didu niy rtiiim
bio dim CBCC vi cfing dfing xi hpi ung hp
cie sing kidn, eic quy dinh vd BDG, ttinli
sp thidn kidn cho ring cic quy dinh eua
phip lupt uu tidn nu gifii ttong cfing vu
Thii siu, ning cao nhin thiic, ting
cuong tricb nttidm eiia ngirfli dung diu eo quan, tfi ehiic ttong vide thue tudn chii tnrong cila Ding vi chinh sich, pbip luit cua Nha nufic vd BDG Trdn co so chil truong etiinh sicb, phip luit da dupe ban hinh, cic nginh, cie cip v i timg ca quan cin ep thd hfla eic mpe Udu ttong eic ctiinh sicb, chuong ttinh, dp i n cflng tic,
dp in Cic co quan tfi chile ein dd ra ehi tidu phin diu cu the tfing ghdp ttong cie nhidm vp, giii phip eiia co quan, dom vi theo tiling tinh thin ciia De i n thue hidn bidn pbip bio dim BDG doi vfii nu CBC-CVC giai doan 2016 - 2020n
Tii U(u tbam kbio:
1 Trin Thi Van Anh, Nguydn HQu Minh Bmh dinggidi d Wei Nam H NXB Khoa hgc Xi
hpi, 2008
2 Bp Npi vu va Chuong trinh phit tridn Lien
hiep quoc Bio do Binh dinggidi trong tuygn
dung vibd nliidm congchdcnu, 2013
3.TranAnhTuSn Vin dg binh dinggidi tiong
qui trinh tigp Ofc di dch dig do cdng vg, cdng chuc Tap chi Td chiic nhi nufie, sfi 8/20OB
4 Ky ydu Hfii thio 'Ldng ghipvindg binh
ding ^di ttong Du an Luit Can bg, cdngchuc",
tai Tam Dao, VInh Phiic ngiy 17/5/2008